张维友英语词汇学教程
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• Functional words do not have notions of their own, which are also called empty words.
• It is fun to play with children. • It is certain that they have forgotten the
?词今指语言组织中的基本单位能独立运用具有声音意义和语法功能
Lexicology
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary
魏冕 2013.9.10
1.1 What Is a Word
• Bound form and Free form
-ess countess, lioness…
-ish boyish, childish, greenish…
-s hats, books, cups…
• A free form which consists entirely of two or more lesser free forms, as for instance, poor john or john ran away or yes, sir, in a phrase, is a word. A word, then, is a free form which does not consist entirely of (two or more) lesser free forms; in brief, a word is a minimum free form.”
• The young man left quietly.
1.2 Sound and Meaning
• Certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities outside the language system.
• dog, woman, /mi:t/
1.3 Sound and Form
• The written form should agree with the oral form.In other words, the sound should be similar to the form.
• The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.
• spelling differences created by the early scribes→printing established→ Vocabulary
• Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period.
by use frequency ↓
basic word stock & nonbasic vocabulary by notion ↓
content words & functional words by origin ↓
native words & borrowed words
1.5.1 Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic Vocabulary
(Bloomfield, 1993:177-178)
• “Fire!” “Help!” “Old.” “Mother.”/ the, a, my…
1.1 What Is a Word
• “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” —— Antonie Meillet
• Old English vocabulary, Middle English vocabulary, and Modern English vocabulary
• English vocabulary is over one million words.
1.5 Classification of Words
• This symbolic connection is alost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’.
• Terminology • Jargon • Slang • Argot • Dialectal words • Archaisms • Neologisms
1.5.2 Content Words and Functional Words
• Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words.
Assignment
• Question 9、10 on notebook • Question 1 to 8 and 11 on textbook.
Thank you !
• characteristics of the basic word stock 1. All national character 2. Stability 3. Productivity 4. Polysemy 5. Collocability
The words are void of the stated characterisitcs
1.1 What Is a Word
• The definition of a word comprises the following points:
• (1) a minimal free form of a language; • (2) a sound unity; • (3) a unit of meaning; • (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.
address. • The more I see the film, the more I like it.
1.5.3 Native Words and Borrowed Words
• Native words Neutral in style Frequent in use
• Borrowed words Denizens Aliens Translation-Loans Semantic-loans
1.1 What Is a Word
↓
• A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
• “词，今指语言组织中的基本单位，能独立运用，具有声 音、意义和语法功能。”（《辞海》1984 （上）375页， 上海辞书出版社）
• It is fun to play with children. • It is certain that they have forgotten the
?词今指语言组织中的基本单位能独立运用具有声音意义和语法功能
Lexicology
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary
魏冕 2013.9.10
1.1 What Is a Word
• Bound form and Free form
-ess countess, lioness…
-ish boyish, childish, greenish…
-s hats, books, cups…
• A free form which consists entirely of two or more lesser free forms, as for instance, poor john or john ran away or yes, sir, in a phrase, is a word. A word, then, is a free form which does not consist entirely of (two or more) lesser free forms; in brief, a word is a minimum free form.”
• The young man left quietly.
1.2 Sound and Meaning
• Certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities outside the language system.
• dog, woman, /mi:t/
1.3 Sound and Form
• The written form should agree with the oral form.In other words, the sound should be similar to the form.
• The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.
• spelling differences created by the early scribes→printing established→ Vocabulary
• Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period.
by use frequency ↓
basic word stock & nonbasic vocabulary by notion ↓
content words & functional words by origin ↓
native words & borrowed words
1.5.1 Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic Vocabulary
(Bloomfield, 1993:177-178)
• “Fire!” “Help!” “Old.” “Mother.”/ the, a, my…
1.1 What Is a Word
• “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” —— Antonie Meillet
• Old English vocabulary, Middle English vocabulary, and Modern English vocabulary
• English vocabulary is over one million words.
1.5 Classification of Words
• This symbolic connection is alost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’.
• Terminology • Jargon • Slang • Argot • Dialectal words • Archaisms • Neologisms
1.5.2 Content Words and Functional Words
• Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words.
Assignment
• Question 9、10 on notebook • Question 1 to 8 and 11 on textbook.
Thank you !
• characteristics of the basic word stock 1. All national character 2. Stability 3. Productivity 4. Polysemy 5. Collocability
The words are void of the stated characterisitcs
1.1 What Is a Word
• The definition of a word comprises the following points:
• (1) a minimal free form of a language; • (2) a sound unity; • (3) a unit of meaning; • (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.
address. • The more I see the film, the more I like it.
1.5.3 Native Words and Borrowed Words
• Native words Neutral in style Frequent in use
• Borrowed words Denizens Aliens Translation-Loans Semantic-loans
1.1 What Is a Word
↓
• A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
• “词，今指语言组织中的基本单位，能独立运用，具有声 音、意义和语法功能。”（《辞海》1984 （上）375页， 上海辞书出版社）