鲁教版六年级英语下册重点短语及句子
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鲁教版六年级英语下册重点短语及句⼦
六年级下册期末常考知识点汇总
1.--when is +主语+birthday?某⼈的⽣⽇什么时候?when疑问副词,引导提殊疑问句,其结构为“when+⼀般疑问句?”when可以对年、⽉、⽇以及时刻进⾏提问或者询问某⼀动作发⽣的时间。
--It 's+⽉+⽇,+年。
是...年...⽉ ...⽇.
When is your birthday?
My birthday is on May 2nd./It is on May 2nd
2.—how old +be+主语?...多⼤年纪/⼏岁了?
How old 意为“多⼤年纪;⼏岁”,⽤来询问年龄。
答语常⽤
--主语+be+基数词 +years/months old. ......岁
3.want to do sth. 想要做某事
4.happy birthday⽣⽇快乐,其答语为:thank you./thanks a lot./thank you very much.
5.⼀年⼗⼆个⽉份,⽉份前常⽤介词in。
Month的复数是months。
6.do you want to come to my birthday party?(第2页)
7.be busy doing sth.=be busy with sth.忙于(做)某事。
She is busy doing her homework.=She is busy with her homework.她正忙着做家庭作业。
8. When is Ailce's birthday?(第2页)艾丽斯的⽣⽇是什么时候?
解析:Ailce's为名词所有格形式,意为“艾丽斯的”。
名词所有格表⽰⼈或物的所有和所属关系,在句中作定语名词所有格的构成有's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式。
1)'s所有格的构成。
⼀般情况下在单数名词的词尾加's。
Jim's book
以-s 或-es结尾的复数名词,在词尾加“'”。
The students' basketball
不以-s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加's。
Children's Day ⼉童节
注意:表⽰两者或两者以上共同拥有某物或某⼈时,只在后⼀个名词后加's。
Tom and Jim's teacher 汤姆和吉姆的⽼师
表⽰两⼈各⾃拥有不同的⼈或物时,两个名词都要加's ,Lucy's and Licy's brothers. 露西的哥哥和莉莉的哥哥
2)of 所有格的构成
名词+of +名词便构成of 所有格。
a picture of my family
3)双重所有格
把of所有格和's所有格结合在⼀起表⽰所有关系的结构就构成了名词的双重所有格。
a friend of my father's, a daught of
Mr.Green's
9.You parents can come to our school.(第5页)
Can 情态动词,“能;会”,表⽰说话⼈的情感、态度和能⼒。
不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词⼀起构成谓语,且没有⼈称和数的变化,其后的动词要⽤原形。
含有情态动词的句⼦在变⼀般疑问句时,要把情态动词提前;变否定句时,在情态动词后加not。
Can you see the ball under the chair?
I can't see the ball.
第⼆单元
1.What's your /his/her favorite subject?(第7页) My/His/Her favorite subject is science.
解析:1)favorite形容词,“最喜欢的;最喜爱的”,相当于like。
best,因此,上句可与what subject do you like best?相互转换。
Sunday is our favorite day.=We like Sunday best.
2.Because it's fun.(第8页)
解析:1)because,连词“因为”,后⾯跟从句,陈述原因或理由,回答why提出的问句。
--Why isn't Li Ping here? --Because she is ill.
2)注意:because引导原因状语从句,在汉语中,我们常说因为。
所以。
,但是在英语中,因为和所以只能⽤其⼀。
即在同⼀个句⼦中,because和so不能同时使⽤,⽤because就不能⽤so,⽤so 就不能⽤because。
3)have fun doing ...,表⽰“做。
很愉快”
We have fun learning English.
3. I am very busy on Friday.(第11页)
解析,on Friday,“在星期五”。
On 常表⽰在星期⼏或具体某⼀⽇或某⼀⽇的上午、下午、或晚上的名词前。
年⽉周前要⽤in;具体时间点之前⽤at。
只说上午、下午、晚上⽤in。
4.from...to...,从。
到。
,既可指时间,⼜可指空间。
5. finish ,作及物动词,后接动词时,要⽤动名词,即:finish doing sth.
第三单元
1 play chess 下国际象棋(教材第13页)
play 玩,演奏。
play+表⽰球类或棋类的名词,表⽰“参加(体育⽐赛或游戏)”,球类棋类名词前不⽤任何冠词。
如play football,play basketball,play cards
play the guitar 弹吉他。
Play+表⽰乐器的名词,表⽰“吹奏、弹奏某种乐器”,乐器名词前要加定冠词the。
如play the violin
,play the piano
巧记play的⽤法:打球玩牌下象棋,其后不能把the 加;若把乐器来演奏,定冠词the 必须跟;与⼈⽐赛或扮演,动词play它都管。
第三单元
1 play chess 下国际象棋(教材第13页)
play 玩,演奏。
play+表⽰球类或棋类的名词,表⽰“参加(体育⽐赛或游戏)”,球类棋类名词前不⽤任何冠词。
如play football,play basketball,play cards
play the guitar 弹吉他。
Play+表⽰乐器的名词,表⽰“吹奏、弹奏某种乐器”,乐器名词前要加定冠词the。
如play the violin
,play the piano
巧记play的⽤法:打球玩牌下象棋,其后不能把the 加;若把乐器来演奏,定冠词the 必须跟;与⼈⽐赛或扮演,动词play它都管。
2.speak English 说英语(教材13页)
speak在此意为“说(某种语⾔)”,作及物动词,后接表⽰语⾔的名词作宾语。
如speak Chinese/French 说汉语/法语
3. Can you draw?你会画画吗?(教材第13页)
Can you......?句型你能/会。
?
本句是情态动词can引导的⼀般疑问句,其结构为“Can+主语+谓语动词+宾语?”,意为“......能/会......吗?”常⽤来询问某⼈做某事的能⼒或表⽰请求。
如 Can you play tennis?你会打⽹球吗?
Can you look after my bird?你能照看⼀下我的鸟吗?
注意:can是情态动词,意为“能,会”,表能⼒,没有⼈称和数的变化,即不管主语是第⼏⼈称,是单数还是复数,都⽤can,
后必须跟动词原形,
肯定答语:Yes,主语+can.否定答语:No,主语+ can't.
4.What club do you want to join?你想加⼊什么俱乐部?
句型分析:本句是what 引导的特殊疑问句,what是特殊疑问词,它既可以单独使⽤,对事物进⾏提问,也可以和名词或名词短语共同构成⼀个特殊疑问词短语,放在句⾸,构成特殊疑问句。
如:What color do you like? What class are you in ?
注意:特殊疑问句是对句中的某⼀成分进⾏提问,句⾸⽤疑问词,句末⽤问号,⼀般⽤降调朗读。
5. What about you?你呢?(教材第14页)
What abot...?意为“。
怎么样”与How about...?同义,常⽤于询问消息、征求意见或建议,其中about为介词,后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
如:I want to walk to school.What/How about you?
6. You're very good at telling stories.你⾮常擅长讲故事。
(教材第14页)
1)be good at 意为“擅长”,相当于do well in,后可接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
I'm good at English.
He is good at drawing.=He does well in drawing.
2)tell的常⽤结构:
tell后常跟双宾语,即tell sb.sth.(=tell sth. to sb.)意为“告诉某⼈某事”。
tell sb.(not)to do sth. 告诉某⼈(不要)做某事
如:Tell him not to come tomorrow.
7 Sounds good听起来不错。
(教材第14页)
sound作连系动词,意为“听起来”,常接形容词作表语。
常⽤sound like 。
后常接名词。
That sounds like a good idea.
同类归纳:可接形容词的感官动词:look,smell,feel,taste等都是连系动词,与sound ⽤法相同,其后均
可接形容词作表语,意思分别为“看/闻/摸/尝”;look/smell/feel/taste like,意为“看/闻/摸/尝起来像。
”
8.Please talk to Mr.Zhang after school.请放学后跟张⽼师说。
(教材第15页)
1)句型分析:本句是⼀个祈使句。
⽤来表⽰请求、命令或叮嘱的句⼦叫祈使句。
祈使句⼀般省略主语,⽤降调朗读。
为使语⽓委婉、显得礼貌,说话⼈常在句⾸或句尾加please,在句尾加please时,please前,通常⽤逗号。
Come and sit
down,please。
Please have a cup of tea。
注意:祈使句的否定形式是直接在动词原形前加don't。
Don't sit on the chair.It is wet.
9.Are you good with old people?你善于与⽼⼈相处吗?(教材第17页)
be good with...善于应付。
,对。
有办法,相当于get on well with.
She is good with her friends.=She gets on well with her friends.他与朋友们相处得好。
拓展:与good有关的短语:
be good at 擅长 David is good at swimming。
be good to。
对。
好 Be good to him,OK?
be good for 。
对。
有益Milk is good for our health.
10.They can tell you stories and you can make friends.(教材17页)他们可以给你讲故事,你们可以交朋友。
make friends 意为“交朋友”,表⽰“和。
交朋友”,⽤make friends with sb. I want to make friends with you. 11. Then we need you to help with sports for English-speaking students.(教材第17页)要你帮助说英语的学⽣开展体育运动。
1)help (sb.)with sth.在某⽅⾯帮助(某⼈)。
Can you help me with my homework?
2)help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某⼈做某事。
My brother often helps me (to)do my homework.我哥哥经常帮我做作业。
3)Need做实义动词,意为“需要”。
此时need有⼈称和数的变化,后常接名词、代词或动词不定式。
4)need sb. to do sth.需要某⼈做某事。
第四单元
1.get dressed 为动词短语,意为“穿上⾐服”,相当于 be dressed。
get dressed是“get+形容词”结
构,强调“穿”的动作。
2.注意:如果后⾯有表⽰“⾐服或颜⾊”的名词,dressed后⾯需⽤介词in,即“get/be dressed in +表
⽰⾐服/颜⾊的名词”,强调“穿”的状态。
3.what time do you usually get up,rick?
⾥克,你通常⼏点起床?(教材第19页)
1)What time 意为“什么时候”,⽤来提问具体的时间点。
注意:回答what time 提出的问题,必须⽤具体的时间,即“点钟或⼏点⼏分”。
2)time为不可数名词,意为“时间”,没有复数形式
3)易混辨析:what time 与when表⽰什么时候的区别
What time ⽤来询问具体的时间点,表⽰的时间⽐较精确,⼀般指“⼏点钟;⼏点⼏分”等。
When既可以⽤来询问时间点,也可以⽤来询问时间段;询问年份、⽉份、⽇期时,只能⽤when。
---What time do you get up?---At six o'clock.
When is your birthday?
When do you usually go to school?
4.辨析:intertesting和interested
Interesting “有趣的;令⼈感兴趣的”,通常修饰物
Intetested 感兴趣的;对。
感兴趣;通常修饰⼈,且多⽤于be/get/feel/become interested in sth.结构中。
5..6:30 am。
(第22页)早上六点半
解析:时间的读法
1)钟点的正读法:先读⼩时,在读分钟;如果需要区分上下午,可在时间后加am或Pm。
4:30 pm读作 four thirty pm
2)钟点的倒读法:前半⼩时的读法:分钟数+past+钟点数;30分钟⽤half;15分钟⽤a quarter。
8: 14读作fourteen past eight 8:30读作half past eight 8:15读作 a quarter past eight
后半⼩时的读法:所差分钟数+to+下⼀整点数;15分钟⽤a quarter.
8:46 读作fourteen to nine 8:45 读作a quarter to nine或 fifteen to nine
6.do my homework.(第22页)做我的家庭作业。
解析do one's homework 固定搭配“做某⼈的家庭作业” ,do作动词“做;⼲”,指做具体的⼯作,强调⾏为动词。
其后的宾语常常是lesson,work,homework,exercise等。
homework意为“家庭作业”,是不可数名词,其中one's代表形容词性物主代词,在句中根据前⾯的主语选⽤相应的物主代词。
Tom does his homework after school.
注意:do one's homework中的do是实义动词,变否定句时,要在其前加助动词do的适当形式,(do,does,did),再加not,变疑问句时,要将助动词do的适当形式提到主语前,谓语动词⽤动词原形。
I don't do my homework after school.
Does Li Ming do his homework by himself?
Lucy doesn't do her homework on Sunday.
7. 辨析:many和much
Many很多的,修饰可数名词的复数形式。
Much很多的;⼤量的,修饰不可数名词。
8. After school,I sometimes play basketball for half an hour.(第23页) 放学后,我有时打半个⼩时的篮球。
解析:1)sometimes作频度副词,意为“有时”,相当于at times或from time to time可以放在句中,也可以放在句⾸,常与⼀般现在时或⼀般过去时连⽤。
Sometimes my father drives me to school.有时爸爸开车送我去上学。
2)注意:对频度副词提问要⽤how often,意为“多久⼀次”。
3)“for+⼀段时间”是介词短语,表⽰某事持续了多长时间,,对其提问⽤疑问词how long。
You can keep this book for a week.这本书你可以借⼀周。
--How long will you stay in Beijng? ---For about three days.
9. In the evening,I either watch TV or play computer games.(第23页)晚上,我要么看电视,要么玩电脑游戏。
解析:either...or...意为“或者。
或者。
;要么。
要么。
”。
连接句中两个并列的成分,表⽰两者之⼀。
You may either stay at home or go with us.你要么呆在家⾥要么跟我们⼀道去。
He is either in the classroom or in the library.他不是在教室就是在图书馆。
注意:either 。
or。
连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的⼀个主语在⼈称和数上保持⼀致,这就是我们常说的“就近⼀致原则”。
10.At twelve,she eats lots of fruit vegetables for lunch.在⼗⼆点,她午饭吃很多⽔果和蔬菜。
(第23页)
解析1)lots of “许多;⼤量”,既可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,(相当于many);⼜可以修饰不可数名词,(相当于much);只⽤于肯定句中,与a lot of 是同义短语。
11.Here are your clothes.这是你的⾐服。
(第24页)
解析:这是⼀个倒装句。
在英语中,以副词here。
There开头的句⼦,如果主语是名词,则⽤倒装语序,连系动词是⽤is还是are取决于后⾯的名词是单数还是复数。
Here is a card for you.There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Here are your keys.
注意:主语为代词时,不⽤倒装。
Here she comes.她来了。
Here you are。
给你。
第五单元
1.How do you get to school?(第25页)
how疑问词,意为“如何;怎样;以何种⽅式;⽤什么⼿段”。
本句为how引导的特殊疑问句,⽤来询问去某地的交通⽅式。
其回答⽅式主要有两种:1)take +a/the +表⽰交通⼯具的名词,是动词短语,在句中作谓语。
2)by+表⽰交通⼯具的单数名词
或on/in+a/the+表⽰交通⼯具的单数名词,是介词短语,作⽅式状语。
How do you go to work?— By bus.
I walk to school./I get to school on foot.我步⾏到校。
I ride my bike to school./I get to school by bike./I get to school on my bike.我骑⾃⾏车到学校。
I take the bus to school./I get to school by bus./I get to school on the bus.我乘公共汽车到校。
注意:on foot;by bike;by bus;by subway;by train;by car等词组的名词前不能加任何冠词或其他修饰词。
get此处⽤作不及物动词,意为“到达”,表⽰到达某地,常与to连⽤,后跟地点、⽅位名词作宾语。
注意:但如果后⾯跟的是there,here,home等副词时,则不需要加to。
They'll get to Beijing at six tonight.(接地点名词)
When do you get home?(接地点副词)
2.I ride my bike.我骑⾃⾏车。
解析1)ride one's bike 意为“骑⾃⾏车”,也可表达成go by bike或go on one's bike,某些表⽰交通⽅式的动词短语可⽤介词短语替换。
Mary often rides her bike to go to school .=Mary often goes to school by bike.=Mary often goes to school on her bike.
注意:ride one's bike 是动词短语,在句中作谓语。
⽽by bike或on one's bike 都是介词短语,只能作状语。
2)交通⽅式的表达:⽤动词表达take +a/the+交通⼯具;walk/ride/fly/drive+to +地点
⽤介词表达by+交通⼯具;in/on+a/the/one's +交通⼯具
注意:on foot,by bike,by bus,by subway,by train,by car等词组的名词前不能加任何冠词或其他修饰词。
3.one hundred and five.(第26页)⼀百零五。
解析1)hundred 数词,意为“百”。
百位数中的⼗位和个位不为零时,应说成“hundred and+。
”,102读作one hundred and two.
339读作three hundred and thirty nine.
2)当表⽰具体的“⼏百”时,⽤“基数词+hundred”表⽰,注意此时hundred不加-s。
eight hundred students;three hundred trees
3)拓展hundreds of 意为“数百的;成百上千的”,表⽰⼀个不确定的数量。
其后可接可数名词复数形式。
注意这时hundred后有是s,且后⾯有介词of,但不能与数词连⽤。
There are hundreds of people in the restaurant.
与hundred⽤法类似的单词还有:thousand“千”,million“百万”,billion“⼗亿”。
3.How long does it take...?(第26页)...花费多长时间?
解析how long 意为“多久;多长时间”,⽤来询问某个动作所持续的时间,其谓语动词为延续性动词,答语为表⽰⼀段时间的名词性短语。
How long will I have to wait?我要等多久呢?
About three days.⼤约三天。
4.It takes...它花费...(第26页)
解析take 此处作动词,表⽰“花费”,常⽤于It takes sb. some time to do sth.句型中,意为“做某事花费某⼈多长时间”。
It takes me an hour to get to the railway station.到⽕车站花费我⼀个⼩时时间。
It took me two huors to finish the work.
我花了两个⼩时去完成这份⼯作。
注意:it是形式主语,真正的主语是句⼦后⾯的动词不定式短语(to do),谓语动词有时态的变化。
It will take my parents one week to clean our house.我⽗母讲花⼀星期打扫我们的家。
5.How far is it from your home to school?(26页)从你家到学校有多远?
解析;1)how far意为“多远”,⽤来询问距离或路程,常⽤句型How far is it from A to B?或How far is B from A?意为“从A到B 有多远?”
其答语“It's ...meter(s)/mile(s)/kilometer(s) (away).”意为“有。
⽶/英⾥/千⽶(远)”。
--How far is it from the park to the school?=How far is the school from the park?从公园到学校有多远?
--It' about 3 miles.⼤约3英⾥。
2)辨析how far 与how long
how far 多远,⽤来询问距离,指路程的远近。
how long 多长,询问时间,指时间的长短;
也可询问长度,指物体的长度。
How far is it from the post office to the bank?
How long does it take you to go to the park?
--How long is the table?—About 1meter.
6.Does Jane walk to school?(第27页)简步⾏去学校吗?
1)句型分析:在⼀般现在时态中,当句⼦的主语是第三⼈称单数时,谓语动词也应使⽤第三⼈称单数形式(⼀般在词尾加-s),在变⼀般疑问句时,在句⾸加助动词does,谓语动词⽤原形,变否定句时,在主语后谓语动词前加doesn't,谓语动词变为原形。
Mary likes music.
--does Mary like music?
---Mary doesn't like music.
2)walk在此作动词,意为“步⾏”,表⽰步⾏去某地,可⽤短语walk to。
,相当于go 。
on foot,后跟表⽰地点的名词,后跟副词时,可省略to。
They walk to school every day.=They go to school on foot.
The park is near here.Let's walk there.
9.Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.(教材第28页)玛丽想知道他认为这段旅程怎么样。
解析:1)这是⼀个含有what引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。
主句是Mary wants to know,其后what he thinks of the trip.是宾语从句。
含有宾语从句的句⼦,⽆论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须⽤陈述语序,疑问词仍在句⾸,位置不变,。
即“主句+宾语从句(主语+谓语+其他)。
”另外,宾语从句的时态与主句的时态要⼀致。
I know where you live.
Do you know which class he is in?
2)注意:意为语序与陈述语序的对⽐:
How does she get to school?
Thomas wants to know how she gets to school.
What's the weather like today?
Do you know what the weather is like today?
3)think of “认为;”,常和what连⽤,即:what do yo u think of ....,“你觉得。
如何;你认为。
怎么样?”⽤于征求别⼈的意见。
相当于how do you like...?
What do you think of /about this film?=How do you like this film?
It's very interesting.
For many students,it is easy to get to school.(第29页)
解析1)for在本句中作介词,“对;对于”。
I am too old for the job. For me ,dog is a good pet.
2)for作介词,还可表⽰“为了;给”,表⽰⽬的。
This letter is for you. My mother buys a book for me.
3)many形容词,意为”许多”,后跟可数名词复数形式.
I have many books.
注意:much 也表⽰“许多”,但它修饰不可数名词。
There is much water in the glass.
3)it's +adj.+to do sth.句型,意为“做某事是。
的”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后⾯的动词不定式。
It is easy to ride a bike. It is better to stay at home.
It is difficult to finish this work.
知识拓展:
it's +adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.的⽤法
当前⾯的形容词是描述⼈的性格、品质的,⽤of,it's +adj.+of sb+to do sth。
表⽰,形容词多⽤clever,good,kind,nice。
,wrong等。
It 's nice of you to help me learn English.你帮助我学英语真是太好了。
如果形容词是描述某事对某⼈来说有何影响,则⽤it's +adj.+for sb+to do sth。
句⼦的形容词都⽤important,necessary,impossible,difficult,easy,bad 等。
It 's bad for you to eat much junk food.
吃太多的垃圾⾷品对你没好处。
11.There is a very big river between their school and the village.(第29页)
解析1)there be 意为“有”,表⽰存在,即某地有某⼈或某物。
Be后的词为该句型的真正主语,be 动词在数上,和它后⾯的名词保持⼀致。
如果是可数名词单数或不可数名词,be ⽤单数,如果是可数名词复数,be ⽤复数,即“就近原则”。
There is a clothes store near the library.
易混辨析:there be 某地存在某物。
Have表⽰某⼈或某物“拥有”某物,强调东西的归属。
There are five pencils in the pencil box. Do you have a watch ?
2)between介词,“在。
之间”,⼀般指在两者之间。
常和and 连⽤,构成both。
and。
“在。
和。
之间”,连接两个并列的成分。
My house is between the park and the zoo.
12.One 11-year-old boy,Liangliang, crosses the river every school.(第29页)
解析“数词+单数名词+形容词”结构,相当于⼀个复合形容词,注意连字符,⼀般⽤在名词前作定语,其中表⽰计量的名词必须要⽤单数形式。
a five –year-old boy, an 800-meter –long bridge.⼀座800⽶长的桥
13.But he is not afraid.(第29页)
解析afraid形容词,“害怕的;畏惧的”,是⼀个表语形容词。
其⽤法为:1)be afraid of sth。
意为“害怕某事或某物”。
Most of the girls are afraid of dogs.
2)be afraid to do sth.意为“害怕做某事”
Her sister is afraid to stay at home alone.
3)be afraid of doing sth.恐怕做某事,指担⼼或担忧做某事会引起某种后果。
don't be afraid of asking for help.
4)be afraid+(that)从句,“恐怕。
” I 'm afraid (that) he can 't come.
5)为某件已经发⽣或可能发⽣的事表⽰歉意或作出判断,相当于sorry,这种说法显得⽐较⽂雅,谦逊。
I 'm afraid I've broken your bike.真抱歉我把你的⾃⾏车弄坏了。
14.They have to cross a very big river between their school and the village.(第29页)
解析have to,“不得不;必须;得”,强调由于外界客观因素要求主语不得不做某事,有⼈称、数和时态的变化,其后接动词原形。
Because he had no money,he had to drop(辍学,退出) out of school。
15.Thanks for your last e-mile.
解析:1)thanks for ...,因。
⽽感谢,谢谢你。
,相当于thank you for。
,其后接名词,代词或动词的-ing形式。
表⽰感谢的内容或原因。
Thanks for your help. Thanks for inviting me.
2)thank sb.for...,“因...⽽感谢某⼈”。
Thank you for inviting me.
3)last,上⼀个,刚过去的;最后的。
本句中last 为形容词,作定语,“上⼀个;刚过去的”。
Last 作形容词,还可表⽰“最后的”。
Our group was the last(最后的)one at last(上⼀次的)speech contest。
在上次的演讲⽐赛中,我们组是最后⼀名。
第六单元
1.don't run in the hallways.不准在⾛廊⾥跑。
(第31页)
解析1)Don't +动词原形是祈使句的否定形式,意为“不要...;禁⽌....”,相当于“you mustn't +动词原形”。
Don't be late for class next time。
2)祈使句的⽤法:⽤来表达命令、要求、请求、劝告的句⼦。
其肯定形式以动词原形开头。
常在句⾸或句末加please以⽰礼貌。
句末⽤please,前⾯通常加逗号。
2.Don't arrive late for classs.(第31页)不准上课迟到。
解析:1)arrive late for 与be late for 同义。
都表⽰“做事迟到”。
arrive late for侧重到达的时间晚,be late for 侧重状态。
2)arrive 作不及物动词,“到达;抵达”,后跟介词in或at ,in后接⼤地⽅,at 后接⼩地⽅。
Arrive 后若是接地点副词,则不需要介词。
We were tired when we arrived /reached/got home.我们到家时很累了。
3.Don't run in the hallway.(第31页)不要在⾛廊⾥奔跑。
解析:这是⼀个祈使句。
祈使句⽤来表⽰请求、命令、劝告、建议等。
祈使句的主语⼀般都是第⼆⼈称you,但往往省略。
其肯定形式⽤动词原形开头,否定句式是在动词原形前加don't 。
常在句⾸或句末加please以⽰礼貌,句末⽤please时,前⾯通常加逗号。
Stop /doc/c9472bca59eef8c75fbfb3ff.html e in,please.Don't play football in the street.
2)祈使句⽤法助记
祈使句,祈使句,请求、命令或建议。
主语是you常省去,动词原形开头记。
否定形式要注意,句⾸要把't 加,
要将客⽓⽤please,句⾸、句末没关系。
4.Don't listen to music in class.(第31页)
解析:1)listen to music,“听⾳乐”,其中,listen是不及物动词,后⾯接宾语时,要加介词to。
Listen!The girl is singing
.Listen to the teacher carefully.
2)listen ;hear
Listen,不及物动词,后⾯接宾语时,要加介词to。
侧重于“听”的动作。
表⽰有意识的听。
This girl likes to listen to the radio.
Hear,及物动词,强调“听”的结果。
听到;听见
Can you hear anything?你能听到什么吗?
3)in class ,固定短语,“在课上;上课时”,after class,“在课下;下课后”。
5.Don't fight.(第31页)
解析:fight动词,“打架”。
Stop fighting ,you two.
1)fight for,为...⽽战⽃,后⾯常接抽象名词,表⽰为事业。
⾃由等⽽⽃争。
表⽰战⽃的⽬的。
They are fighting for freedom. They fight for their country.
2)fight about,为。
⽽争吵,后接名词、动词、或宾语从句,表⽰吵架的原因。
The two boys often fight about the toys.
这两个男孩经常因玩具⽽争吵。
3)fight against,对抗...;为反对。
⽽⽃争;后接事物名词、⼈和国家。
表⽰在困难中抵抗。
They fought against the enemy.他们和敌⼈作战。
I 'll fight against you. 我会反抗你。
4)fight with,“与。
共同作战,⽤某种武器与某⼈交战(相当于fight against);和...打架”。
只接表⽰⼈或国家的名词。
Don't fight with me.不要和他打架。
We must fight with you.我们必须和你⼀起并肩作战。
6.wear a hat.(第32页)戴帽⼦。
解析:1)wear为及物动词,“穿;戴”,强调穿、戴的状态.指习惯性的“穿(戴)假发或眼镜等”
He always wears a red T-shirt.
She likes wearing sunglasses.
2)put on,“穿上,戴上”,强调穿的动作。
It 's cold outside.Put on your coat ,please.
3)be in +颜⾊/⾐服,“穿着....颜⾊的⾐服”,表状态。
She is in red.
4)wear,“穿(戴)着”,强调状态。
Lucy's mother often wears a pair of glasses.
7.This is very important.(第32页)。
解析:1)important,形容词,“重要的”,多⽤作be动词的后⾯,前⾯也常加very,表⽰“⾮常重要”。
其名词形式是importance。
They are very important.
2)常⽤句型为:it is important for sb.to do sth.“做某事对某⼈来说是重要的”。
It is important for us to learn English well.
8.Can we bring music players to school?(第32页)我们可以把⾳乐播放器带到学校吗?
解析1)本句为含有情态动词can的⼀般疑问句,肯定回答⽤:Yes,...can.否定回答⽤:No ,...can't.这是请求许可的句型。
⽤来请求别⼈允许⾃⼰做某事。
⽤于疑问句。
Can we use youe car?
2)can还可表⽰“能⼒”。
“能;会”
We can speak a little English.
3)辨析;bring;take;get;carry
Bring “带来;拿来”,指从别处带到说话者所在的地⽅。
Take,“带⾛;拿⾛”,指从说话者所在的地⽅带到远处去,常与介词to 连⽤,⽅向上与bring正好相反。
His father often takes him to the zoo on weekends.
Get “得到;获得”⽆⽅向性,常与介词from连⽤。
People often get money from me.
Carry“搬运”,⽆⽅向性.
The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.
9.Oh,and we also have to be quiet in the library.(第32页)
解析:1)quiet,形容词,安静的,平静的,通常在句中作表语或定语,其反义词是niosy,“吵闹的;嘈杂的”。
其副词形式是quietly。
don't be niosy.You must be quiet.
2)have to 必须;不得不。
强调客观情况,有⼈称和时态的变化,后只能接动词原形。
其否定形式是don't/doesn’t have to,“不必”。
Do you have to leave so early?你必须这么早离开吗?
You don't have to go there with me.
3)辨析must 和have to
must,着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有义务、有必要去做某事,have to,表⽰客观的,被迫去做某事。
I must write her a letter next week.
The train was late; we have to wait for another two hours.
Must 没有⼈称和时态的变化,⽽且可以直接加上not变否定句;也可以提到主语之前,变成⼀般疑问句;⽽have to 变否定句及⼀般疑问句都要借助于适当的助动词do,does did,等。
You must not smoke in the classroom.
You don't have to worry about her study.
10.pracitce the guitar.(第34)
解析1)practice此处⽤作及物动词,“练习;训练”,其后可接名词、代词、或动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。
I often practice my English in the morning.
He practices playing the piano every day.
I practice reading English every day.
2)只能接动名词作宾语的动词有:finish(完成),enjoy(喜欢)等。
I finished reading the novel.
I enjoyed working in China.
11help his mom make breakfast.(第34页)
解析:1)help作动词,“帮助”,help sb,(to)do sth.帮助某⼈做某事。
不定式符号to可省略。
相当于help sb. with sth.(名词)。
I can't help you lift the stone.= I can't help you with the stone.我不能帮你搬这块⽯头。
12. on school night.(第34页)在上学期间的晚上
解析:1)night,名词“晚上”,与之相对应的名词day指“⽩天”,常⽤短语:on school nights.在上学期间的晚上;on school days,在上学的⽇⼦。
2)night前若有其他词修饰,指具体的某个晚上,应⽤介词on,如on winter nights,在冬天的晚上on Sunday nights,在星期天的晚上
如果泛指晚上,则⽤介词at.如 at night,在晚上.
3)辨析night与evening
Night,晚上;夜⾥,指天完全⿊下来⼀直到第⼆天天亮这段时间,尤指睡觉以后的夜晚,at night“在夜⾥”Evening,傍晚,晚上,指从晚餐到就寝这段时间,in the evening,“在晚上”。
13. there are too many rules.(第35页)有太多的规则。
解析:1)这是⼀个there be 句型的肯定句,其后省略了 at my house。
There be+某⼈或某物+某地,表⽰“某地有某⼈或某物”。
2)too many ,太多,其中too⽤作程度副词,表⽰“太”,修饰形容词many,many 后只能接可数名词的复数形式。
There are too mant students in our school.
3)辨析:too many和too much,much too
too many太多的,其后要接可数名词的复数形式。
too much,太多的,后接不可数名词,还可修饰动词作状语。
He talks too much.
There are too much water in my glass.
I have too much homework this evening.
much too ,太。
,much ⽤来增强语⽓,后⾯接形容词或副词。
This little boy is much too fat.这个⼩男孩太胖了。