2020年人教版九年级英语全一册被动语态详解课件(共17张ppt)
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building.
5. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可
用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说……
It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that …
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望……
It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
has/have given had given
has/have been had been
时态
被动语态结构
一般现表在时格：被动态am基/is本/ar结e do构ne
一般过去时
was/were done
现在进行时
am/is/are being done
过去进行时
was/were being done
We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
3. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等 副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表 示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：
主动语态变被动语态的过程
Tom should clean the room every day.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The room should be cleaned by Tom every day.
归纳总结方法
把主动语态改为被动语态可按“一变 、二套 三、注意 ”来 进
行。即：
①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动
The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 对比： The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句) The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句)
一般过去时：
gave
was/were
一般将来时：
will give
will be
过去将来时： 现在进行时：
would give am/is/are giving
would be am/is/are being
过去进行时：
was/were giving
was/were being
现在完成时： 过去完成时：
语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。
②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。
③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。
例：①Manyispesoppoleksepenak English.
English
by many people.
②He washewd ehirseshwoeassyhesetedrday.
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.宾变主---宾语变主语，宾格变主格。把主动语 态的宾语变成被动语态的主语，如果宾语是宾格形 式要变成主格。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分 词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.主变宾---主语变宾语，主格变宾格。把主动语 态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，如果主语是主格要 变成宾格形式，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后， by 短语可以省略。
His shoes
by him yesterday.
(六)语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原 句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2.在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等 动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动 语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定 式作主语补足语to不能省略 。
• They often use computers in class.
Computers are often used by them in class.
• We make these machines in Beijing.
These machines are made in Beijing.
• They built the tall building last year.
改为被动语态
His brother washes bowls every day.
主
谓 宾(受动者)
Bowls are washed by his brother every day.
改为被动语态
He looked after the little baby.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The little baby was looked after by him.
4，一些不及物动词短语和不及物动词没有被 动 语 态 ， 如 ： take place, break out, belong to,, happen。如：
The fire broke out in the capital
building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用 来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词 构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
首先以give 为例，复习其主动语态的各种时态：
一般现在时：
gives
am/is/are
• We cleaned our classroom just now.
Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.
• They used this room for resting.
This room was used for resting by them.
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the
(一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语 态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者。如：
They built a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge was built over the river. (被动)
The lights must be turned off by you.
4.They should learn English well.
English should be learned well by them.
1.He can take care of the baby.
The baby can be taken care of by him.
2.Lucy may draw the pictures.
The picture may be drawn by Lucy.
3.You must turn off the lights.
The tall building was built by them last year.
• He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.
electric lamp.
• They play football on Sunday.
Football is played by them on Sunday.
• Lucy does the homework in the evening.
The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.
一般将来时 shall/will/be going to be done
过去将来时
would be done
现在完成时
havene
(三) 被 动 语 态 的 用法
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语 态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出 谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者， 用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.
5. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可
用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说……
It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that …
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望……
It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
has/have given had given
has/have been had been
时态
被动语态结构
一般现表在时格：被动态am基/is本/ar结e do构ne
一般过去时
was/were done
现在进行时
am/is/are being done
过去进行时
was/were being done
We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
3. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等 副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表 示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：
主动语态变被动语态的过程
Tom should clean the room every day.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The room should be cleaned by Tom every day.
归纳总结方法
把主动语态改为被动语态可按“一变 、二套 三、注意 ”来 进
行。即：
①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动
The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 对比： The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句) The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句)
一般过去时：
gave
was/were
一般将来时：
will give
will be
过去将来时： 现在进行时：
would give am/is/are giving
would be am/is/are being
过去进行时：
was/were giving
was/were being
现在完成时： 过去完成时：
语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。
②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。
③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。
例：①Manyispesoppoleksepenak English.
English
by many people.
②He washewd ehirseshwoeassyhesetedrday.
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.宾变主---宾语变主语，宾格变主格。把主动语 态的宾语变成被动语态的主语，如果宾语是宾格形 式要变成主格。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分 词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.主变宾---主语变宾语，主格变宾格。把主动语 态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，如果主语是主格要 变成宾格形式，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后， by 短语可以省略。
His shoes
by him yesterday.
(六)语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原 句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2.在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等 动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动 语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定 式作主语补足语to不能省略 。
• They often use computers in class.
Computers are often used by them in class.
• We make these machines in Beijing.
These machines are made in Beijing.
• They built the tall building last year.
改为被动语态
His brother washes bowls every day.
主
谓 宾(受动者)
Bowls are washed by his brother every day.
改为被动语态
He looked after the little baby.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The little baby was looked after by him.
4，一些不及物动词短语和不及物动词没有被 动 语 态 ， 如 ： take place, break out, belong to,, happen。如：
The fire broke out in the capital
building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用 来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词 构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
首先以give 为例，复习其主动语态的各种时态：
一般现在时：
gives
am/is/are
• We cleaned our classroom just now.
Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.
• They used this room for resting.
This room was used for resting by them.
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the
(一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语 态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者。如：
They built a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge was built over the river. (被动)
The lights must be turned off by you.
4.They should learn English well.
English should be learned well by them.
1.He can take care of the baby.
The baby can be taken care of by him.
2.Lucy may draw the pictures.
The picture may be drawn by Lucy.
3.You must turn off the lights.
The tall building was built by them last year.
• He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.
electric lamp.
• They play football on Sunday.
Football is played by them on Sunday.
• Lucy does the homework in the evening.
The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.
一般将来时 shall/will/be going to be done
过去将来时
would be done
现在完成时
havene
(三) 被 动 语 态 的 用法
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语 态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出 谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者， 用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.