2021届高考英语一轮语法训练： 名词性从句(含答案解析)

语法对点讲练五名词性从句
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，能在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。

因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导词归类：
类别功能引导词
从属连词只起连接作用，不充当句子成分that, whether, if
连接代词起连接作用，并充当主语、宾语、表语
或定语
who, whom, whose, which, what,
whatever, whichever, whoever
连接副词起连接作用，并充当从句状语when, where, how, why
一、主语从句
学问点讲解
1．主语从句的一般结构
①主语从句一般放于主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他。

2．it作形式主语的主语从句
②It＋be/become(s)＋形容词/名词/过去分词＋主语从句。

It is clear that the whale is not a fish.
③It seems/appears等动词＋that从句。

It happens that he can understand a little about the language.
④It remains to be＋过去分词＋主语从句。

⑤It doesn't matter＋how/whether从句。

It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not.
⑥主语从句毁灭在感叹句中。

What a pity it is that you cannot stay for dinner.
特殊提示
⑦用来表示惊异、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，主语从句谓语动词用(should＋) do形式。

常用句型有：
It is necessary/important/natural/strange等＋that从句
It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired等＋that从句
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个学问点(①～⑦)
第一组单项填空
1．(2021·北京卷)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A. That
B. What
C. Who
D. Which
答案__B__ 学问点__①__
解析句意：使这本书与众不同的是作者具有制造性的想象力。

主语从句中缺少主语，并且指物，故用what引导。

2．(2021·陕西卷)It remains to be seen ________ the newly­formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
答案__D__ 学问点__④__
解析句意：新组建的委员会的政策是否能付诸实施尚待分晓。

It remains to be seen whether“……尚待分晓”，此处it为形式主语，真正的主语为whether引导的主语从句。

由句意知选项D正确。

3．(2021·江西卷)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A. Whoever
B. Whatever
C. Whichever
D. Wherever
答案__C__ 学问点__①__
解析句意：无论你们中哪个人打破窗户都得赔偿。

whichever引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语。

4．(2021·四川卷)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A. When
B. How
C. What
D. That
答案__C__ 学问点__①__
解析此句中________ you said at the meeting是一个主语从句，缺少宾语，故选what。

5．(2021·重庆卷)________ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
A. That
B. It
C. What
D. Which
答案__C__ 学问点__①__
解析what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。

that引导主语从句不作成分， it不行引导主语从句， which作定语。

其次组语法填空
6．It soon became widely known ________ the attempt to save the girl had failed.
答案that 学问点__②__
解析it在句中作形式主语，后边的主语从句才是真正的主语。

从句中不缺少成分，主语从句用that
引导。

7．It doesn't matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing —both roads lead to the park.
答案whether 学问点__⑤__
解析句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。

whether ... or ...“不管……还是”； It doesn't matter whether ...“无论是否……没有关系”。

8．It is necessary that he ________ (come) in time to attend the meeting.
答案(should)_come 学问点__⑦__
解析在It is necessary that ...句式中， that从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”， should 可省略。

二、宾语从句
学问点讲解
1．动词后的宾语从句
①主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句。

I know that he is an honest boy.
②feel, think, find, consider, make等，常用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。

I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.
③like, dislike, love, hate, enjoy, appreciate等不能直接跟宾语从句，必需用it作形式宾语，后接宾语从句。

I like it that everyone passed the exam.
④think, believe, suppose, expect等词后的宾语从句若是否定的，否定词要转移到主句的谓语动词上。

I don't think your answers are right.
2．介词后的宾语从句
⑤介词后可接宾语从句，但连接词whether不行换作if。

He often thinks of how he can make his class lively.
3．非谓语动词后的宾语从句
⑥不定式、v.­ing形式、过去分词也可以后接宾语从句。

4．宾语从句中的时态
⑦主句谓语动词为一般现在时，从句时态依据实际状况而定。

Do you know when the ancient games began?
⑧主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态一般用适当的过去时态。

He asked me if I was reading the textbook when he was in.
⑨当宾语从句为客观真理和规律时，则用一般现在时。

He said that light travels faster than sound.
5．whether与if引导宾语从句的区分
⑩与or not连用时，只用whether。

I want to know whether or not the train goes to King Street.
⑪“whether＋不定式”结构作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。

if无此用法。

I don't know whether to go there.
⑫介词后面的宾语从句中只用whether。

⑬if引导的条件句中，假如再有表示“是否”的引导词引导宾语从句时，只用whether。

He asked me whether I'd move to Beijing if I got the job.
⑭doubt在确定句中，接whether和if引导的宾语从句；但在否定句中，只用that。

We don't doubt that he is a brave man.
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个学问点(①～⑭)
第一组单项填空
1．(2021·新课标卷Ⅰ)Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. what
答案__D__ 学问点__①__
解析句意：警察发觉了疑似失窃的古老雕像。

found后接宾语从句，从句中appears to缺少主语成分，所以应当选一个连接代词引导宾语从句，故排解选项B和C; what可以引导宾语从句，在本句中既可作found 的宾语，又可作从句的主语，选项A不符合题意，故本题答案为选项D。

2．(2021·山东卷)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
答案__D__ 学问点__⑥__
解析句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。

动词know后面跟从句作宾语而从句中不缺少成分，故用连词that引导宾语从句。

故选D项。

3．(2021·东北三校其次次联考)Please hold on to ________ you are strong and try to improve the weak subjects.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. which
答案__B__ 学问点__⑤__
解析句意：你在你擅长的地方坚持住，并且试着改善你薄弱的科目。

由where引导介词宾语从句，在
从句中作状语。

本题B项正确。

4．(2021·湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. where
答案__A__ 学问点__①__
解析依据“由于你无法辨别你离成功有多么近”可知应选A 项。

其次组语法填空
5．Tony couldn't remember ________ he had turned off the computer before he left the office.
答案whether/if 学问点__①__
解析whether/if常用于否定句中引导名词性从句，意为“是否”。

此处whether/if引导宾语从句。

6．I am wondering ________ Jason can lend me his new digital camera. I'll ask him.
答案if/whether 学问点__①__
解析if/whether “是否”，引导宾语从句，符合句意。

7．After ________ seemed like two hours she came out with satisfaction.
答案what 学问点__⑤__
解析所填词引导介词after的宾语从句，又在从句中作主语，只有what适合。

8．I never doubted ________ you could succeed in setting a new world record.
答案that 学问点__⑭__
解析doubt用于否定句时，后面接that引导的宾语从句。

doubt用于确定句时才用whether或if。

三、表语从句
学问点讲解
表语从句常位于连系动词be, look, remain, seem等之后，其连接词还可以有as if/though, because 等。

①主语＋系动词＋表语从句。

②because引导表语从句强调缘由，why引导表语从句强调结果。

It's because you're careless.
That's why he was absent.
③The reason why从句＋be＋that从句。

The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.
④what从句＋be＋that从句。

What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.
⑤It looks/seems as if/though从句。

It looks as if it is going to rain.
⑥主句主语是advice, demand, suggestion, order, requirement, request, command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋) do”形式。

My advice is that you (should) quit smoking.
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个学问点(①～⑥)
第一组单项填空
1．(2021·安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy­one perce nt of its surface is covered by water.
A. why
B. who
C. because
D. whether
答案__C__ 学问点__②__
解析句子前是结果后句是缘由，故选because。

2．(2021·石家庄二模)The doctor's dilemma was ________ he should tell the patient the truth.
A. whether
B. which
C. that
D. what
答案__A__ 学问点__①__
解析dilemma“进退两难的逆境”。

依据句意，使用whether引导表语从句。

其次组语法填空
3．— He is eager to try something he has never tried before.
— Oh I see. That's ________ he's different from others.
答案where 学问点__①__
解析答语句意：这就是他与别人的不同之处。

where引导表语从句。

4．What some students are not aware of is ________ difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.
答案how 学问点__④__
解析句意：有些同学不知道假如他们不认真学习的话，生活可能会多么困难。

is后的部分是表语从句，是一个感叹句，其中life是主语，形容词difficult是表语，所以用连接副词how来修饰。

5．Another cultural reason why doing journalism is tough here is ________ people don't want to stick their necks out.
答案that 学问点__③__
解析句意：为什么在这里采访费劲，另一个缘由是文化上的缘由，人们不想出头露面。

that引导表语从句。

四、同位语从句
学问点讲解
①同位语从句常跟在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后，说明该名词的具体内容。

I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.
②同位语从句与名词之间有时会有插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。

Word came that our team had won the game.
③advice, request, suggestion, proposal等的同位语从句用虚拟语气，即“(should＋) do”形式。

The order came from the president that the rule (should) be adapted.
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个学问点(①～③)
第一组单项填空
1．(2021·浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. whether
答案__B__ 学问点__①__
解析由belief可知，从句是阐明belief内容的，从句不缺成分，故用that引导。

2．(2021·绵阳第三次诊断)There is no doubt ________ those working hard can pass the exam easily.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. what
答案__C__ 学问点__①__
解析There is no doubt that ...是一个固定句型，其中that引导同位语从句。

其次组语法填空
3．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
答案that 学问点__②__
解析句意：会议延期的通知是大约下午两点下达的。

that引导同位语从句，说明通知的内容， that 引导同位语从句时既无词义也不在从句中作成分。

4．Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
答案that 学问点__②__
解析句意：经过多年的争辩，已有证据表明儿童的早期睡眠问题好像是在他们长大后还要连续。

that 引导同位语从句修饰evidence。

5．I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
答案that 学问点__②__
解析句意：我暗自下决心，今年是我上中学的第一年，要有所转变。

that引导同位语从句，用来解释promise, that引导同位语时既无词义也不在从句中作成分。

五、其他留意事项
学问点讲解
1．同位语从句与定语从句的区分
①同位语从句前的名词为idea, news, hope等有确定内涵的名词；定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词或整个句子。

②同位语从句相当于一个名词，用来解释、说明；定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来对先行词进行修饰或限制。

③how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，不能引导定语从句； which则不能引导同位语从句。

④that在同位语从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，不能省略； that引导定语从句，可在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，指物时可以被which代替，作宾语时常省略。

⑤when, where, why在两种从句中都作成分，但引导定语从句时，需要先行词分别表示时间、地点、缘由，而在同位语从句中则不然。

2．that与what在名词性从句中的区分
⑥what充当成分，意为“……的事物”，不行省略； that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，也无实际意义。

⑦名词性从句已有疑问引导词时，不再用that。

I don't understand what you said just now. (understand后不再用that)
3．whatever, whichever, whoever在名词性从句中的区分
⑧whatever, whichever引导名词性从句可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语成分； whoever只可作主语、宾语成分。

特殊提示
⑨whatever, whichever, whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what/which/who。

对点训练
第一组单项填空
1．The fact has worried the people across the world ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
答案__C__
解析that引导同位语从句，对fact的内容进行说明。

2．A new research finds that companies ________ have more women on their boards have better results.
A. what
B. who
C. where
D. that
答案__D__
解析句意：一项新的争辩发觉，董事会拥有更多女性的公司会取得更好的业绩。

what不能引导定语从句，故排解；从句缺少主语，排解where；先行词是companies，不表示人，故排解who，选择that，that 引导定语从句。

3．Up to now, I haven't got any idea ________ we should go on with the project.
A. that
B. whether
C. what
D. which
答案__B__
解析句意：直到现在我也不知道我们是否应当连续这项工程。

依据句意可知，应用whether引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。

4．He didn't expect that his parents could manage to know ________ is going on in his college life on the Internet.
A. how
B. which
C. what
D. that
答案__C__
解析句意：他没有想到父母会设法从网上知道他高校生活中所发生的事情。

空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作is going on的主语，故选what。

其次组语法填空
5．________ nearly all behaviour is learned behaviour is a basic assumption ________ has been put forward by the social scientists.
答案That;_that
解析句意：几乎全部的行为都是习得性行为，这是社会学家们提出的最基本的假设。

第一空引导的是主语从句，从句不缺成分，意思完整，所以选that。

其次空引导的是定语从句，而从句缺少主语，因此也选用that。

6．________ song Jay Chou sings will become popular pretty soon.
答案Whatever
解析句意：周杰伦唱的任何歌曲都会很快流行。

依据句意，whatever合适。

7．________ we have planned ahead might change when we put it into practice.
答案Whatever
解析题干中的when we put it into practice是时间状语从句，前面是主语从句，空白处所填的词在主语从句中作宾语。

whatever“无论什么”，符合句意。