高考英语一轮巩固达标练题Unit2TheUnitedKingdom含解析新人教版必修53

The United Kingdom
李仕才
一、阅读理解。

Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.
He attended Queen’s University in Canada, and transferred(转到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelo r’s degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.
First Company—Zip2 Corporation
In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2.
Online Banking
In 1999, Elon Musk started X．com with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. com was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a rec eiver’s e­mail address.
PayPal
In 2000, X. com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet money­transfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought
PayPal for $ 1.5 billion.
Space Exploration Technologies
In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a long­standing member of the Mars Society, a non­profit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.
Tesla Motors
In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.
SolarCity
In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光电的) products and services company with his cousin Lyndon Rive.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了埃隆·马斯克的人生经历和伟大成就。

1．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?
A．Economics. B．Physics.
C．Energy. D．Coding.
D 解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位疯狂的电脑迷，十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，故D
项正确。

2．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?
A．. B．Confinity.
C．PayPal. D．eBay.
C 解析：细节理解题。

根据PayPal部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供国际转账支付服务，故C项正确。

3．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk’s project?
A．Sponsoring the Mars Society.
B．Developing rocket technologies.
C．Building a greenhouse on Mars.
D．Supporting the exploration of Mars.
B 解析：细节理解题。

根据Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究开发火箭技术，帮助Musk实现他的项目(目标)，故B项正确。

4．What is Tesla Motors noted for?
A．Its electric vehicles.
B．Its photovoltaic products.
C．Its service as a city tourist guide.
D．Its business with other companies.
A 解析：细节理解题。

根据Tesla Motors部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生产电动汽车的公司，故A项正确。

二、语法填空。

In Britain someone who helps children cross the street __1__ (call)“lollipop perso n”， because their sign looks like a lollipop (棒棒糖)．
The job of a lollipop person is to walk to the middle of the road at a(n) __2__ (suit) time, holding up the sign. It is a legal __3__ (require) for traffic to stop at this command. The lollipop person will signal that it is all right to cross the road __4__ (safe). Traffic may only move once the sign has been lowered.
Generally speaking, school crossings are manned for approximately 3 hours a day or less. As a result, the work has always appealed more __5__ people seeking to supplement their income such as __6__ retired.
Lollipop people were introduced to enable policemen, __7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻), to perform other duties. The earliest lollipops were red and black rectangles __8__ (say)“Stop, children crossing.”
In 2001 in Europe patrollers were given extra powers allowing them __9__ (assist) adults with crossing, too. The most recent change in the history of the School Crossing Patrol saw the word “children” __10__ (replace) with a symbol to bring the UK in line with the rest of the EU (欧盟)．
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国协助交通的交通安全员的情况。

1．is called 考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。

此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；call意为“把……叫作”，与主语someone之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；
因主语someone是单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。

故填is called。

2．suitable 考查词性转换。

此处表示“一个合适的时间”，应用形容词作定语修饰名词time。

故填suitable。

3．requirement 考查词性转换。

此处表示“一个合法的要求”。

形容词legal用来修饰名词，其前有冠词a，故用require的名词形式requirement。

4．safely 考查词性转换。

此处表示“安全地过马路”，应用副词修饰动词短语cross the road，故用safe的副词形式safely。

5．to 考查介词。

appeal to意为“吸引”，为固定短语。

故填to。

6．the 考查冠词。

“the＋形容词”表示一类人。

the retired意为“退休的人”，符合语境。

故填the。

7．who 考查定语从句的引导词。

空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句“__7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻)”中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。

8．saying 考查非谓语动词。

空格处作后置定语，say与被修饰的名词“red and black rectangles”之间为主动关系，意为“写着”。

故填say的现在分词形式saying。

9．to assist 考查非谓语动词。

allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”，是固定结构。

故填to assist。

10．replaced 考查非谓语动词。

此处表示“看见单词‘children’被一个符号代替”，replace与saw的宾语“the word”之间为被动关系，故用replace的过去分词形式，作saw 的宾语补足语。

故填replaced。

三、完形填空。

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。

When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I __1__ that I could just give what I thought others __2__ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快乐小镇). This thought process was __3__ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. __4__ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the __5__ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections __6__ people.
My struggle with mental health was something that __7__ into a campaign to let every single person know that they __8__ and couldn't be replaced.At high school，it could be __9__ to convey this idea，but I __10__ pursued my passions (激情). The __11__ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help __12__：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and __13__ them to those who
seemed to need a pick­me­up.I tried to __14__ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a __15__ place to express themselves and learn __16__ to apply empathy(同感，共鸣) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly __17__ to inspire both myself and my friends.
When I go off the college this year，I'll be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a non­profit foundation in the future.My __18__ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of __19__ problems，but something that can be changed by even the __20__ actions.
1．A.wondered B．figured
C．doubted D．predicted
2．A.wanted B．ignored
C．lost D．ordered
3．A.unfortunately B．totally
C．regularly D．accurately
4．A.It B．They
C．He D．This
5．A.ability B．desire
C．belief D．reason
6．A.for B．with
C．from D．about
7．A.fell B．divided
C．broke D．turned
8．A.mattered B．existed
C．survived D．succeeded
9．A.difficult B．funny
C．different D．perfect
10．A.casually B．briefly
C．firmly D．surely
11．A.difficulty B．purpose
C．fruits D．method
12．A.strangers B．teenagers
C．friends D．families
13．A.led B．lent
C．passed D．limited
14．A.write B．memorize
C．prepare D．recall
15．A.quiet B．important
C．large D．safe
16．A.how B．what
C．where D．when
17．A.discussions B．suggestions
C．experience D．theories
18．A.final B．primary
C．simple D．grand
19．plex B．unsolvable
C．unknown D．terrible
20．test B．laziest
C．slowest D．smallest
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者与抑郁症作斗争的经历使他转变了思想，并用实际行动来帮助青少年和朋友们。

他告诉大家，每个人都同样重要并且不可替代。

因此我们必须做出行动，因为即使是最小的行动都可以产生影响。

1．B 考查动词辨析。

句意为：我以为只要我能给予别人我认为他们想要的东西，我就能得到一张去快乐小镇的单程票。

A项意为“想知道”；B项意为“认为，以为”；C项意为“怀疑”；D项意为“预测”。

短文第一句说明了作者小时候的想法，即作者认为善良是一件有益的事情，然后接着详细地解释他的想法。

B项符合语境。

故选B。

2．A 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“想要”；B项意为“忽视”；C项意为“丢失”；D
项意为“命令，订购”。

此处指作者认为给予别人他认为别人需要的东西，他就会快乐。

A 项符合语境。

故选A。

3．B 考查副词辨析。

A项意为“不幸地”；B项意为“完全地”；C项意为“定期地”；D项意为“准确地”。

由下文可知，因为作者的临床抑郁症，作者以前给予别人想要的东西的想法变成了努力用他的想法去影响别人，改变别人，所以此处表达的是“这个思维过程完全变了”。

B项符合语境。

故选B。

4．A 考查代词辨析。

此处为句型“It becomes/became＋adj.＋that从句”，代词it 为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。

故选A。

5．A 考查名词辨析。

A项意为“能力”；B项意为“渴望”；C项意为“信念”；D
项意为“理由”。

ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根据语境可知，作者所需要的和每个人所需要的一样，就是爱自己的能力。

A项符合语境。

故选A。

6．B 考查介词辨析。

句意为：除了这一点，我必须学会如何与人们建立更深、更有意
义的联系。

make connection with...是固定短语，表示“与……建立联系”。

故选B。

7．D 考查动词短语辨析。

各选项所给动词均可与介词into构成固定搭配：fall into 意为“跌入”；divide into意为“分成”；break into意为“闯入”；turn into意为“变成”。

由上文可知，作者的思维过程改变了，产生了新的想法，因此作者表达的是他在心理健康方面的挣扎变成了一场运动。

turn into符合语境。

故选D。

8．A 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“重要，有关系”；B项意为“存在”；C项意为“幸存”；D项意为“成功”。

根据空格后面的“and couldn’t be replaced”可推知，此处表达的是“让每个人都知道他们很重要，无法被替代”。

A项符合语境。

故选A。

9．A 考查形容词辨析。

A项意为“困难的”；B项意为“滑稽的”；C项意为“不同的”；D项意为“完美的”。

由转折连词but和第二个分句的内容可知，此处指的是“在高中，很难传递这个想法”。

A项符合语境。

故选A。

10．C 考查副词辨析。

A项意为“随意地”；B项意为“简短地”；C项意为“坚定地”；D项意为“确信地”。

根据but表示转折可知，此处应表达“但是我坚定地追随我的激情”。

C项符合语境。

故选C。

11．C 考查名词辨析。

上文提到虽然在学校作者很难传递自己的思想，但是他不放弃，由此可知，作者努力的结果就是他创造了帮助……的习惯和传统。

此处fruits表示“结果，成果”，符合语境。

故选C。

12．B 考查名词辨析。

...Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and ________ them to those who seemed to need a pick­me­up.(第二段第三句) 译文：……每个星期五，我带着作业的奖品来到学校，把它们发给那些似乎需要提神的孩子们。

由关键句可以推断，作者帮助的是那些青少年们。

teenager意为“青年，青少年”，符合语境。

故选B。

13．C 考查动词辨析。

pass sth.to sb.是固定短语，意为“把……传递/分发蛤某人”，此处表达的是作者把带来的作业奖品发给那些需要提神的孩子们。

故选C。

14．B 考查动词辨析。

A项意为“写”；B项意为“记住”；C项意为“准备”；D项意为“回忆”。

由语境可知，作者想帮助青少年，所以他尽可能多地记住他们的名字。

故选B。

15．D 考查形容词辨析。

作者建立了一个俱乐部，学生们在这里可以表达自己的想法，由此可知这是一个安全的地方，学生们能够畅所欲言。

safe意为“安全的”，符合语境。

故选D。

16．A 考查连接词辨析。

此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。

由语境可知，作者想让学生学会如何把表达的情感运用到日常生活中。

how意为“怎样，如何”，符合语境。

故选A。

17．B 考查名词辨析。

A 项意为“讨论”；B 项意为“建议”；C 项意为“经验”；D 项意为“理论”。

在作者的个人社交网络账号上，作者每周发出的用于激励自己和朋友的帖子应是建议之类的内容。

B 项符合语境，其余各项均与语境不符。

故选B 。

18．A 考查形容词辨析。

This will help me start a nod­profit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句)
译文：这将帮助我在将来建立一个非盈利基金会。

由关键句可知，作者一直坚持自己的信仰和做法，那么接着说的就是他的最终目标。

final 意为“最后的，最终的”，符合语境。

故选A 。

19．B 考查形容词辨析。

A 项意为“复杂的”；B 项意为“难以解决的”；C 项意为“未知的”；D 项意为“糟糕的”。

由语境可知，作者的最终目标是要证明这个世界不是无法解决的问题的集合体。

unsolvable 与下文的“can be changed”相衔接且符合语境。

故选B 。

20．D 考查形容词最高级辨析。

A 项意为“最新的”；B 项意为“最懒的”；C 项意为“最慢的”；D 项意为“最小的”。

由本句中的“even”可知，此处指的是甚至是最小的行动都会改变一些事情。

D 项符合语境。

故选D 。

四、短文改错。

Last month, I, as well as my parents, were invited to my uncle's home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five, has been living there for nearly ten years. She met us at the airport. I was exciting when I set my foot on the land of America. In the followed days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in the front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History so it enriched our knowledge great. For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips which I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to go there again.
答案：
Last month, I, as well as my parents, were ①was
invited to my uncle's home in the
United States. My uncle, ∧②who
moved to America when I was five, has been living there
for nearly ten years. She ③He met us at the airport. I was exciting ④excited
when I set my foot
on the land of America. In the followed ⑤following
days, we visited some places of interest
and took photos in the ＼⑥
front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the
Museum of Natural History so ⑦because it enriched our knowledge great ⑧greatly
. For me, this is
one of the most rewarding trips which ⑨that
I have ever made in my life and I am looking
forward to go ⑩going
there again.
难项分析：
第一处：were→was 考查主谓一致。

主语后接as well as 引导的短语时，谓语动词的数由前面的主语来决定。

故were 改为was 。

第四处：exciting→excited 考查形容词。

此处指人内心的感受，所以用­ed 结尾的形容词。

故exciting 改为excited 。

第九处：which→that 考查定语从句的引导词。

先行词前由形容词最高级修饰，关系词只能用that 不能用which 。

五、七选五。