动词ing形式(课堂PPT)
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语-ing放在句末。
It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.
Ⅱ. 在There is no…结构中,通常用-ing分词。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不 可阻挡。
8
• (2)-ing分词(短语)作宾语: • ①作动词的宾语: • I have just finished doing my home work. • I suggested asking his brother for some money.
15
时间上:doing 表示的动作,与谓语动 词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生; having done 表示的动作,发生在谓 语动词表示的动作之前。
语态上:现在分词往往表示主动,它所 修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者。
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
• Your shoes need cleaning. • =Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 • This book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一看。
23
归纳总结 动词的-ing形式有以下特征: 1. 具有动词的特征, 有时态和语态的变 化, 并可带状语、宾语等。当分词与其 逻辑主语有动宾关系时, 用__被__动__语态
Having been shown around the school, we were taken to see the library. 6. 做补足语。如: As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of six other killers. When we approached him, I saw James being held up in the water by Old Tom.
10
forget /remember / I forget mailing your letter. regret + V-ing(已做了) 我忘了已将你的信寄出了。
forget /remember / I forget to mail your letter. regret + to V (未做) 我忘了要去给你寄信。
9
• 下列动词可以接动名词或不定式: • like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, stop,
forget, remember, try, intend(打算), prefer(较喜欢), can’t bear(无法忍受)等。
• 但有些词后面接动名词或不定式做宾语,表示 不同意义,如:
4
3. 时 态 和 语 态
• 动词-ing形式在时态上可分为一般式和完成式。 一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的 动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 发生的动作。
• 动词-ing形式在语态上可分为主动式和被动式。 主动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作执行 者。被动式表示它的逻辑主语时-ing分词的动作 承受者。
_N_o_t__h_a_v_in_g__b_e_e_n_c_o_m__p_l_et_e_d_, the museum can’t be visited yet. (由于没有完工…)
22
2.注意:在need, want, require, be worth等动词 (短语)后,作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形 式来表示被动意义。如:
21
Notes:
1. V-ing 形式的被动式主要在句子中作状语、 宾语补足语和定语,但V-ing 形式的完成被 动式 一般在句中作状语(偶尔作非限定定 语),不作其它成分。
They don’t like __t_h_e _d_e_si_g_n_o_f_th_e__n_ew__b_r_id_g_e_b_e_i_n_g_b_u_il_t._(正在建 造的桥的设计)
只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有:
避免错过少延期 avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone 建议完成多练习 suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice 喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/ imagine/ can’t help 承认否定与嫉妒 admit/ deny/ envy 逃避冒险莫宽恕 escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse 忍受保持不介意 stand/ keep/ mind 允许感激和考虑 allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider 明白鼓励要禁止 understand/ encourage/ forbid
e. 做宾补/主补 Hear/ watch/ see/ observe/ keep/ have/ notice/ with …sb. doing Don't keep us waiting for a long time. I heard her singing in the next room.
14
三、动词 -ing的被动式的句法功能
1. 做主语。如: So being killed by sharks was a common thing.
2. 做宾语,用在介词后或需要带-ing 形式作宾 语的动词后。如:
George didn't like being kept waiting. He was terrified of being abandoned by us. Do you remember having been taken to Beijing
现在分词做表语,表明的是主语的性质与 特征(相当于形容词), 主语和表语的 位置不可互换。动名词做表语是对主语内 容的解释(相当于名词), 这时主语和 表语的位置可互换。
12
d.做定语 现在分词做定语,它和被修饰的词之间 有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个 定语从句;而动名词做定语,与被修饰 的词之间没有这种关系,它仅表示一种 用途,相当于一个for的介词短语。
24
2. 动词-ing的构成形式(以do为例):
25
3. 动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征, 同时 又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征, 因 此, 它在句中可以作主语、_表__语、_宾__ 语、_定__语、宾__语__补__足__语和状语。
4. 否定形式: not +v-ing形式。
26
5. 在suggest, keep, allow, finish , enjoy, mind,
She was heard singing in the next room. With so many people watching me , I was nervous. With the lights burning, he left. f. 做状语 现在分词短语做状语,可以表示时间,条 件,原因,方式,结果,伴随,让步。
practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape等后不能用不定式作宾语; 在 forget , remember , regret, mean, try等动词后既可 接动名词, 也可接不定式, 但意义差别较大。如: I forgot seeing her.我忘记见过她。(以前见过)
5
6
• 4. -ing 分词的语法作用 -ing 分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相 当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句子中可以作 为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。
• 1) -ing分词作主语和宾语: • 动词-ing形式可以在句子中做主语或宾语,此时
也可称为动名词。如: • Collecting stamps is a good hobby. • He enjoys fishing.
17
D. 表条件 Working hard, you will be successful. E. 表伴随 She sat at the table, reading a book. F. 表让步 Having been told many times, he couldn’t understand wha I meant. G. 表结果 Her husband died, leaving her a lot of money.
7
• (1)-ing分词(短语)作主语: Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
• ①-ing分词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Teaching is my full-time job. • ②在下面两种结构中,-ing分词(短语)也作主语: Ⅰ. 为了保持句子平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而把真正主
Being early may mean wasting a Mean + V-ing(意味着) little time. 早去也许会浪费一点时间。
Mean + to V(打算)
You really mean to go?
你真的想走吗?
He tried opening the door with the key.
√√√√
3
×
• 1. 动词-ing形式的构成:是在动词末尾加 ing 形式构成,因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。 如:do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.
• 否定形式:not+ -ing构成 • 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,没有人称
和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的变化。
18
二、动词-ing 形式的被动式分一般式和完成式
1. 一般式:表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语 表示的动作同时发生。 2. 完成式:强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示 的动作之前完成。
(not) doing (not) being done
(not) having done (not) having been done 19
at the age of ten?
20
3. 做表语。如: What worried the child most was his not being
allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. 4. 做定语。如:
The problem being discussed is of great importance. 5. 做状语。如:
Try + V-ing(试着在做)
。 他试着用这把钥匙开门
He tried to open the door with the
Try + to V(设法在做) key. 他想要用这把钥匙开门。
11
c. 做表语
My job is teaching===Teaching is my job.
The music is exciting.
A sleeping boy===a boy who is sleeping
A swimming pool=== a pool for swimming
13
A walking stick=== a stick for walking The rising sun=== the sun that is rising
16
A. 表时间 Hearing the news, she burst into tears. B. 表原因 Seeing nobody at home, he left a message. C.表方式 Using this method, he worked out the problem.
1
在英语中,不能做句子谓语,而是担任 其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动 词.非谓语动词有三种:动词不定式 ( to do );动名词 (doing) 和分词(现 在分词 doing和过去分词 done).另 外,动名词和现在分词统称动词-ing形 式.
2
传统语法把起名词作用的动词-ing 形式称为动名词;而把起形容词或 副词作用的动词 -ing 形式称为现在 分词.
It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.
Ⅱ. 在There is no…结构中,通常用-ing分词。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不 可阻挡。
8
• (2)-ing分词(短语)作宾语: • ①作动词的宾语: • I have just finished doing my home work. • I suggested asking his brother for some money.
15
时间上:doing 表示的动作,与谓语动 词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生; having done 表示的动作,发生在谓 语动词表示的动作之前。
语态上:现在分词往往表示主动,它所 修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者。
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
• Your shoes need cleaning. • =Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 • This book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一看。
23
归纳总结 动词的-ing形式有以下特征: 1. 具有动词的特征, 有时态和语态的变 化, 并可带状语、宾语等。当分词与其 逻辑主语有动宾关系时, 用__被__动__语态
Having been shown around the school, we were taken to see the library. 6. 做补足语。如: As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of six other killers. When we approached him, I saw James being held up in the water by Old Tom.
10
forget /remember / I forget mailing your letter. regret + V-ing(已做了) 我忘了已将你的信寄出了。
forget /remember / I forget to mail your letter. regret + to V (未做) 我忘了要去给你寄信。
9
• 下列动词可以接动名词或不定式: • like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, stop,
forget, remember, try, intend(打算), prefer(较喜欢), can’t bear(无法忍受)等。
• 但有些词后面接动名词或不定式做宾语,表示 不同意义,如:
4
3. 时 态 和 语 态
• 动词-ing形式在时态上可分为一般式和完成式。 一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的 动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 发生的动作。
• 动词-ing形式在语态上可分为主动式和被动式。 主动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作执行 者。被动式表示它的逻辑主语时-ing分词的动作 承受者。
_N_o_t__h_a_v_in_g__b_e_e_n_c_o_m__p_l_et_e_d_, the museum can’t be visited yet. (由于没有完工…)
22
2.注意:在need, want, require, be worth等动词 (短语)后,作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形 式来表示被动意义。如:
21
Notes:
1. V-ing 形式的被动式主要在句子中作状语、 宾语补足语和定语,但V-ing 形式的完成被 动式 一般在句中作状语(偶尔作非限定定 语),不作其它成分。
They don’t like __t_h_e _d_e_si_g_n_o_f_th_e__n_ew__b_r_id_g_e_b_e_i_n_g_b_u_il_t._(正在建 造的桥的设计)
只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有:
避免错过少延期 avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone 建议完成多练习 suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice 喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/ imagine/ can’t help 承认否定与嫉妒 admit/ deny/ envy 逃避冒险莫宽恕 escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse 忍受保持不介意 stand/ keep/ mind 允许感激和考虑 allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider 明白鼓励要禁止 understand/ encourage/ forbid
e. 做宾补/主补 Hear/ watch/ see/ observe/ keep/ have/ notice/ with …sb. doing Don't keep us waiting for a long time. I heard her singing in the next room.
14
三、动词 -ing的被动式的句法功能
1. 做主语。如: So being killed by sharks was a common thing.
2. 做宾语,用在介词后或需要带-ing 形式作宾 语的动词后。如:
George didn't like being kept waiting. He was terrified of being abandoned by us. Do you remember having been taken to Beijing
现在分词做表语,表明的是主语的性质与 特征(相当于形容词), 主语和表语的 位置不可互换。动名词做表语是对主语内 容的解释(相当于名词), 这时主语和 表语的位置可互换。
12
d.做定语 现在分词做定语,它和被修饰的词之间 有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个 定语从句;而动名词做定语,与被修饰 的词之间没有这种关系,它仅表示一种 用途,相当于一个for的介词短语。
24
2. 动词-ing的构成形式(以do为例):
25
3. 动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征, 同时 又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征, 因 此, 它在句中可以作主语、_表__语、_宾__ 语、_定__语、宾__语__补__足__语和状语。
4. 否定形式: not +v-ing形式。
26
5. 在suggest, keep, allow, finish , enjoy, mind,
She was heard singing in the next room. With so many people watching me , I was nervous. With the lights burning, he left. f. 做状语 现在分词短语做状语,可以表示时间,条 件,原因,方式,结果,伴随,让步。
practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape等后不能用不定式作宾语; 在 forget , remember , regret, mean, try等动词后既可 接动名词, 也可接不定式, 但意义差别较大。如: I forgot seeing her.我忘记见过她。(以前见过)
5
6
• 4. -ing 分词的语法作用 -ing 分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相 当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句子中可以作 为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。
• 1) -ing分词作主语和宾语: • 动词-ing形式可以在句子中做主语或宾语,此时
也可称为动名词。如: • Collecting stamps is a good hobby. • He enjoys fishing.
17
D. 表条件 Working hard, you will be successful. E. 表伴随 She sat at the table, reading a book. F. 表让步 Having been told many times, he couldn’t understand wha I meant. G. 表结果 Her husband died, leaving her a lot of money.
7
• (1)-ing分词(短语)作主语: Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
• ①-ing分词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Teaching is my full-time job. • ②在下面两种结构中,-ing分词(短语)也作主语: Ⅰ. 为了保持句子平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而把真正主
Being early may mean wasting a Mean + V-ing(意味着) little time. 早去也许会浪费一点时间。
Mean + to V(打算)
You really mean to go?
你真的想走吗?
He tried opening the door with the key.
√√√√
3
×
• 1. 动词-ing形式的构成:是在动词末尾加 ing 形式构成,因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。 如:do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.
• 否定形式:not+ -ing构成 • 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,没有人称
和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的变化。
18
二、动词-ing 形式的被动式分一般式和完成式
1. 一般式:表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语 表示的动作同时发生。 2. 完成式:强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示 的动作之前完成。
(not) doing (not) being done
(not) having done (not) having been done 19
at the age of ten?
20
3. 做表语。如: What worried the child most was his not being
allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. 4. 做定语。如:
The problem being discussed is of great importance. 5. 做状语。如:
Try + V-ing(试着在做)
。 他试着用这把钥匙开门
He tried to open the door with the
Try + to V(设法在做) key. 他想要用这把钥匙开门。
11
c. 做表语
My job is teaching===Teaching is my job.
The music is exciting.
A sleeping boy===a boy who is sleeping
A swimming pool=== a pool for swimming
13
A walking stick=== a stick for walking The rising sun=== the sun that is rising
16
A. 表时间 Hearing the news, she burst into tears. B. 表原因 Seeing nobody at home, he left a message. C.表方式 Using this method, he worked out the problem.
1
在英语中,不能做句子谓语,而是担任 其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动 词.非谓语动词有三种:动词不定式 ( to do );动名词 (doing) 和分词(现 在分词 doing和过去分词 done).另 外,动名词和现在分词统称动词-ing形 式.
2
传统语法把起名词作用的动词-ing 形式称为动名词;而把起形容词或 副词作用的动词 -ing 形式称为现在 分词.