英语语法结构体系图

1 不 可 数 名 词 单独出现表示泛指。
︺ (U
不可以直接跟数词、不定冠词连用，但可以在不可数名词前加表示数量的名词词组等
uncountable) 来表示其具体数量： a piece of news, a sheet of paper
表 2 冠词
不 定
泛指某一具体的人/事物
He is an old doctor. She is now a different China from what she was.
every 表示“三者/三者以上当中的每 只作定语 You have every right to say so.(你完全有权
一个”侧重强调全体的情况
利这么说)
no one=nobody 只指人，谓语动词用 单数,不能与介词 of 连用。
No one likes a person with bad manners.
的部分
+that/who/whom +原剧中其他部 分
强调状语
强调时间 强调地点 强调方式 强调原因
It is at eleven that the train leaves. It was in the classroom that I left him. It was just as he ordered that I acted. It was because he was poor that I helped him
别的人/婴儿
The Greens have a new baby. It is lovely.
指自然现象（天气、气象、
天色等）/量度（时间、距 离、温度、价值等）
It is getting dark. How far is it to the Great Wall?
代替不定式
It is our duty to take care of the old.
同位语 动词、系动词
位 语
be
之前（简短回答） Who can speak Japanese? We all can.
宾语的 同位语 There is justice for us all. (这对我们每个人而言都是公平的)
each 表 主 示 “两 语 个/两
个以上 宾 当中的 语 每一
个”侧 定
many much 等
只修饰可数名词 只修饰不可数名词 既修饰可数名词有修饰不可数名词
many, many a, a few, few, (not/quite)several, a (great/large) number of, numbers of. much, a little, little, a bit of, a good/great deal of , a large/great amount of, amounts of. some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of.
英语语法结构体系图
表 1 名词
单数 表示“一个”含义时需要在前面加上表示数量关系/所有关系/指示关系的限定词
可数名词 名 词 (C ︹ countable) 表
（冠词/数词/名词所有格/物主代词/指示代词/不定代词等。 表示泛指某一类事物加上不定冠词：a book, an orange
复数 表示泛指时不必加任何限定词 We must tell friends from enemies.
强调宾补 It was red that we painted the gate.
指分
单数
复数
示 类 空间/时间上离说话人较近/
代 及 下文将要讲的事物
this
词 用 空间/时间上离说话人较远/ ︹ 法 上文提及的事物
that
these those
表 作 指示代词 that 单数可数名词 4︺ 替 （后面必 替代 不可数名词
基 第二人称
you
you
you
you
本
he
him
用 第三人称 法
she
her
they
they
it
it
多个人陈代词并 列的排序
单数的语境下：you 放在最前，I 放在最后
You, she and I all enjoy music.
复数的语境下：we 放在最前，they 放在最后
We, you and they should preserve the environment
的 用 法
区别指示 代词 that
that 只能代替事物，相当 于 the+被代替的单数可数 名词/不可数名词（特指同 一种/类的事物）
可以代替事物，也可以代替人。 a/an+被代替的单数可数名词（泛指同一种/类的事物/人） the+被代替的单数可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物/人）
与数词 one/ones
代
介词 of 连用，根据含义谓
词
语动词用
︹
复数
None of us has got a camera. None of the money belongs to me. (none 在代表不可 数的事物时，谓语动词用单数) None are so deaf as those that will not hear. None of the books are easy enough for us.
冠 词 固定词组
once upon a time(从前)， an hour or two a long time, a few, a little
定 说话人和听话人心中都了解的
冠 词
冠 人/事物，表示特指
I bought a skirt yesterday. The skirt is very beautiful.
必 须 有 后 置 定 语 The population of China is larger than that of any other country.
修饰语可以前置/后置/单独使用 My child doesn’t like this book. Show her a more interesting one. Our new book is more expensive than the one we had before.
表 5 不定代词
不 定 代 词 all, ︹ each, 表 every 5 ︺
主 语
宾 语 all 表示 表 “三者 语 /三者 定 以上 语 都”
All are equal before the law.
all of 后
名词(必须带冠词物主代词等 限定词)，of 可省略，all 变 为定语
All (of) the milk has been drunk. All (of) my friends like reading.
表 both, both“两者都”（用法类似于 all） Both seat are taken.
5 neither, neither“（两者中的每一个）都不” Neither of the twins is here.
︺ either either“（两者中的）任何一个”
There are houses on either side of the road.
固定词组/习惯搭配
on foot, at home, at night, in danger, for example face to face, hand in hand, side/step by side/step
表 3 人称代词
表 4 指示代词
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
Your pen is expensive than that I have. The population of China is larger than that of any other
代 须有后置
country.
Байду номын сангаас
词 定语） those 替代复数可数名词 His stories are more interesting than those I told.
重指每 个人/ 语
事物的 同
个别情 位
况
语
Each has a cup of tea.
Give an apple to each.
There is a line of trees on each side of the road.
主语的同位语 宾语的同位语
They each signed the paper. Give them each an apple.
接 人称代词，of 不能省略
All of them enjoyed the party.
Say all you know and say it without reserve.(知无不言，言无不尽)
The brave defenders gave their all.勇敢的防伪者奋战到底。
That is all for my speech.我的发言到此结束
We should argue the case in all seriousness.(极其严肃地)
Deal all the cards. 把牌都发了。
实义动词
之前
The people all voted against it.
主 语 的 助动词、情态 之后 同
We are all for him.
零 冠
泛指时，表示三餐、球/棋类运动、 Do you have a rest after lunch?
词 学科、季节、年份、月份、星期、 They are fond of playing basketball/chess.
节假日的名词前
Spring/April/Sunday/Children’s day is the best time.
some
some 肯定句
I have some questions. “一些” Some Mr. chen is calling you.“某一”
any
否定句/疑问句/条件句
any 肯定句
Do you have any questions? “一些” Come any day you like. “任何一个”
︹ 词 最高级/固定词组/习惯用法
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the end., by the way
表
表示泛指的不可数名词/复数名 Failure is the mother of success.
2
词前
Children like cartoons.
︺
复合不 定代词
some/any/no/every+ body/one/thing 用法相近于 some/any/no/every, 被定 语修饰时，定语必须后置。
He drinks something fierce.(他喝烈酒) is there anything important in that box?
代替动名词
It is worthwhile working the whole night.
代替主语从句
It doesn’t matter what you do.
代替不定式
I consider it better to be early.
殊 充当形式宾语 用 法
代替动名词 代替宾语从句
We thought it no use doing that.
The teacher made it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time.
强调主语 It is my word that counts. (我说了算)
用于强调句型
It is/was+ 被 强 调 强调宾语 It is me that/whom you should ask.
代替前文提到过的事物 This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.
代替指示代词，起 this/that Is this you car?
作用
No, it isn’t.
人
指代事物/人
称
代
词
︹
表
充当形式主语
3 it
︺的
特
指代动植物、不明身份/性 Look at that bird. It always comes to my window.
nothing 只指物，谓语动词用单数,能 Nothing except your fears stands in your way.
no one, 与介词 of 连用。
Think nothing of it. (不用介意这件事)
不 nothing
定 , none none 即指人也指物，能与 单数