北京四中语法辅导2

北京四中
高考英语应试常见错误分析（四）
形容词和副词错误改正技能
一．形容词
1、当它修饰不定代词时，一般置于其后。

2、以前缀 a-开头的形容词一般作表语，而不作定语。

3、有些形容词前加上定冠词the可以表示某一类人或物，这种名词化的形容词也可在句中作主语或宾语。

4、当多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时，要注意其排列的顺序，一般来说，和被修饰名词关系越密切的越靠近名词。

即：
限定词→描绘性形容词→大小、长短、高低→形状→年龄、新旧→色彩→国籍、出处→物质、材料→用途、类别。

5、分清以-ly结尾的词的词性，大多是副词，有一小部分却是
形容词，如：
lovely(可爱的), likely( 很可能的), weekly(每周一次的),
friendly(友好的), lively(生动的) 等。

6、注意一些词形相同，却既可作形容词，又可作副词的词。

如：
enough, straight, far, hard, early, late, fast, long, low, etc.
7、在系动词后面应跟形容词，别误用副词。

常见的系动词有：
be, go, get, become, fall, turn ; remain, stay, keep; appear, feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell,etc.
例题
1. You wouldn’t have caught such a bad cold if you hadn’t worked long
A B
C
into the night with the windows opened .
D
解析：D错。

这里强调的是窗户的状态是开着的，应用形容词，而open既可作动词，还可以作形容词。

2. The mixture of coffee, milk and sugar tastes differently from tea.
A B C D
解析：C错。

此题中的taste是系动词，后面应跟形容词，因而改为：different。

3、The salad tasted so well that the girl returned to the salad bar for more .
A B C
D
解析：B错。

此题中的taste是系动词，后面应跟形容词，而well 却是副词。

应该改为形容词good。

4.When you learn a foreign language, you’ll find it not difficulty if you
A B C practise a lot .
D
解析：C错。

句中用了一个 find sth. adj.结构，而句中的 difficulty却是一个名词，所以应改为：difficult。

二．副词
1、副词可修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、名词或整个句子。

在句中可作状语、表语或定语。

2、要避免混淆一些意义相近或形状相似的副词。

如：
hard（努力地） hardly（几乎不）
late （迟、晚） lately（最近）
especially（特别、尤其） specially（专门地）
1、要注意副词在句中的位置。

例题
1. Many young Americans didn’t hardly know about the terrible
A
hardships that the European people suffered during World War II .
B C D
解析：A错。

hardly是“几乎不”的意思，若与not连用，则成了双重否定，表示肯定的意思了，与句意不符。

故改为：hardly。

2. He knew it was strict against the law, but he still parked his car
A B C
in front of the city bank.
D
解析：B错。

strict在这里不是作was的表语，而是用来修饰against的，所以应用副词形式strictly。

3. I couldn’t see a word on the blackboard as I did not sit closely enough
A B C
to it.
D
解析：C错。

close和closely是两个易混副词。

close强调的是空间位置关系
的“靠近”，而closely则强调的是两个人或事情关系上的“密切”。

从句意来看，应改为：close。

三、形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级有三种：同级、比较级和最高级。

1、当表示程度相同时用as…as来表示，其否定结构是not so…as。

表示程度相同时，也可用the same as…来表示。

此时，都要用到形容词或副词的原级。

在用as…as和not so (as)…as…结构时，还要注意单数可数名词前不定冠词
的位置。

2、当对两个人或物的不同程度进行比较时，要用比较级。

此时要注意几个问题：（1）相比较的两个部分应该对等一致；
（2）要避免双重比较；
（3）把一个人或物和同一范围内的其他人或物进行比较时，后面要加上any other; 若是与另一范围内的人或物进行比较，则后面只跟any。

（4）正确使用“the +比较级, the +比较级”这一结构。

（5）有的词，如：empty, square, round, perfect是不能用于比较级和最高级的。

（6）“比较级+and+比较级”这种结构表示“越来越…”。

（7）在进行比较时，为了避免名词的重复，在从句中常用that和those来代替前面的名词。

3、而当对三个人或物进行比较时，要用最高级，形容词的最高级前要加上定冠词the。

在使用最高级时，常常由in, of, among,来引起比较的范围。

例题
1. Of all the radios she saw in the shop, the one she liked more was made
A B C D
in China.
解析：D错。

在句子的开头提供了比较的范围，根据句意，此处应用最高级，即：best/ most。

2. Muc h a s Ted tried to do a good job in the exams, he did more badly
A B C D
than his brother Bill.
解析：D错。

more badly构不成其比较级，其比较级是一个特殊形式：worse。

3、I like black coffee so much because the stronger it is, the most I like it .
A B C
D
解析：C错。

“the+比较级，the+比较级”是一个固定结构，表示“越… 就越…”的意思。

所以此处应将most改为more。

4. Even though he is the most fastest runner, he is not a good athlete because
A B C
he lacks courage.
D
解析：B错。

其错误在于双重比较。

故而改为fastest。

四、形容词与副词改错综合训练
解题指导
1、检查句中有无误把形容词用作副词或误把副词用作形容词的情况，尤其是一些词形完全一样的形容词与副词。

2、检查句中形容词与副词的位置是否正确。

3、若句中有系动词，检查其后跟的是形容词还是副词。

4、检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用。

5、检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误。

6、检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的使用错误。

7、检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等。

冠词错误改正技能
冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。

一、不定冠词（a, an）
1、不定冠词放在名词前，泛指一类或一个人或物。

如：
A cat is a domestic animal.
An architect is a person who designs buildings.
2、或指第一次提到的某人或某物。

如：
There is a bird in the tree.
3、 a用于以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的名词前。

要特别注意字母u 和h开头的词，因为它们在单词中有时发元音，如：umbrella, unusual；有时发辅音，如：university,uniform, union, usual; 有时又不发音，如：hour, honest, honour等。

4、在某些词组中不定冠词（a, an）是不可缺少的部分。

现就将《教学大纲》出现的这些词组归纳如下：
a bit (of), have a cold, a good/deal (of), do a good deed, make a face, as a matter of fact, a few, half an hour, have a headache, in a hurry, a place of interest, a kind of, a little, have/take a look (at), a lot of, have a match, have /hold a meeting, take a message for, in a minute, just a minute, make a mistake/ noise, just a moment, a number of, once upon a time, a pair of, a piece of, make a promise, keep a record, take/have a rest, as a result, take a seat, a set of, have a swim, take a walk, have a talk, take a boat/bus, have a test, have a good time, have a walk, after a while, in a short while, once in a while, in a work, have a word with sb.
例题
1． Let you and me bear in mind that there is no such thing as ghost .
A B C D
解析：D错。

这里是在泛指“鬼”这一类东西，因此应为a ghost。

2． People respected George Washington because he was a honest
A B
man, and he turned out to be one of our greatest military leaders .
C D 解析：B错。

honest 这一词中的h是不发音的，这个词是以元音开头的，因此
应改为an honest。

二、定冠词（the）
1、特指某一类或一个人或物，如：
The life of Napoleon was very stormy.
2、或指第二次提到的某人或某物，如：
There is a bird in the tree. The bird is singing.
3 用来指世上独一无二的事物，如：
the son, the moon, the earth, the French Revolution
4 但是，它还有其它一些特殊用法。

（1）用在序数词、形容词和副词的最高级前，如：
the first day of January, the most difficult question
（2）在乐器名称前，如：play the piano/ the violin
（3）在表示报刊、杂志名称的名词前，如：the People’s Daily
（4）表示一家人的名词前，如：the Browns
（5）在某些专有名词前，如：the Summer Palace
（6）另外，定冠词还可和某些形容词连用表示某一类人, 如：
the rich(富人) the old(老人) the wounded(伤员 )
5、在某些词组中要求用定冠词（the ）。

现将《教学大纲》出现的这些词组归纳如下：
at the age of, make the bed, at the beginning of, all the best, go to the cinema, in the end, on the left/right, in the middle of, the moment, take the place of, on the radio, all the same, by the side of, take the train, all the time, at the same time, by the way, on the way
例题
1. Physicists from all over the world came to the United States to
A B
celebrate a centennial(百年纪念日) of Einstein’s birth .
C D
解析：C错。

这里是特指爱因斯坦的百年诞辰，应改为the。

2. Girls usually mature faster than boys so that at kindergarten age
A B C
a girl may be nearly a year advanced over a boy of same age .
D
解析：D错。

same 前面要用the。

三、在一些习惯用语中不用冠词，这要引起大家的注意。

现将《教学大纲》出现的这些词组归纳如下：
by air/plane/sea/ship/car/bus/bike/train, pay attention (to), go to bed, have breakfast/lunch/supper , out of breath, go to college, in danger, by day, day after day, day and night, in English, for example, face to face, at first, first of all, on foot, make friends with, in front of, make fun of, on holiday, at home , go home, have lessons, by mistake, in need of, at night, take part in, take photos , plenty of , in public, at school, make room for, after school, go to school, go to hospital, on show, go to sleep, in space, have sports, in time, on time, in trouble, make use of, at work, out of work
例题
The only way to reach the edge of the forest was to take the narrow
A B
path in the front of us.
C D
解析：D错。

句中的意思是指“在我们的前面”，而不是“在我们身体的前部”，因此应改为in front of。

在线测试
1. Which is ________ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92,28)
A. A large
B. larger
C. a larger
D. the larger
2. ?DWill you give this message to Mr White, please?
?DSorry, I can't. He __________. (MET92,37)
A. doesn't any more work here
B. doesn't any longer here work
C. doesn't work any more here
D. doesn't work here any longer
3. It was _______ late to catch a bus after the party; there fore we called
a taxi. (95?上海, 21)
A. too very
B. much too
C. too much
D. far
4. We waited ________ for the bus. (95?上海, 21)
A. long time
B. a long time
C. the long time
D. some long time
5. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, _______ if you don't speak the language. (NMET?2000,11)
A. extremely
B. naturally
C. basically
D. especially
6. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _______ for the poor. (2001?春招,19)
A. more
B. much
C. many
D. most
7. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ________ trick. (2001?春招,23)
A. ordinary
B. easy
C. smart
D. simple
8. It is not rare in __________ that people in _________ fifties are going to university for further education. (99?上海, 6)
A. 92s... their
B. the 92s...
C. 92s... their
D. the 92s... their
9. Summers in _________ south of France are for ________ most part dry and Sunny. (NMET 2000?春招,8)
A. 不填；a
B. the；不填
C. 不填；不填
D. the; the
10. Most animals have little connection with ______ animals of ______ different kind unless they hunt them for food. (NMET2000, 10)
A. the; a
B. 不填；a
C. the; the
D.不填；the
答案
１．Ｄ。

该题考查形容词比较级的一种特殊用法。

一般来说，形容词比较级作表语时前面不加任何冠词，但在下列情况下应加冠词：
①当形容词比较级修饰可数名词作定语时，前面能常加不定冠词。

例如：
②The older of the two noblemen took a light and led me into a back room. (原高中英语教材第二册《所有这一切都是要偿还的》P38)此题适用于第二种情况，正确答案为Ｄ。

此句可理解为Canada is the larger of the two countries.
③当用于the more... the more句型中。

２．Ｄ。

no more与no longer变成not... any more或not.. any longer时any more和any longer要置于句尾。

３．Ｂ。

much too后可接形容词或副词；too much后可接不可数名词；too very 不在一起使用。

far单独使用修饰副词或形容词比较级，故答案应选Ｂ。

实际上too much就是much，而much too就是too。

much后能接什么词，too much 也可以。

同样too后所接的词也可用在much too后。

４．Ｂ。

a long time是很长一段儿时间。

该题意思是“我们等车等了很长一段时间。

”
５．Ｄ。

本题考查语句的理解。

本题只要能看出“It”为形式主语，真正主语为“being in a foreign language”，就能正确译为原文：“身在异国他乡是很难的，特别是在你语言不通的情况下。

”
６．Ａ。

此题在考查形容词的比较级用作名词的用法。

实际上意为“more canned food”之意。

７．Ｄ。

此题在考查形容词的具体情况运用问题。

trick意为“诡计，把戏”，从句中意思来看“你本不应被如此简单的一个把戏所愚弄”，表示“很惊讶”。

８．Ｄ。

该句在考查学生对in the 92s与in ones 50s之前的区别，前者用定冠词，表示20世纪90年代，而后者用了one's，表示在某人在50多岁的时候。

９．Ｄ。

in the south of... 表示在……的南部，the与south连用，表示该
名词片语具有独特性质；the most构成最高级。

10．Ｂ。

本题考查冠词，即何时使用定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词，建议学生在学习时要认真掌握它们的内涵。

本题中“animals of a different kind”中的animals无需限定，本身又为复数名词，故不用冠词。

完型填空
98 上海
Ａ
According to some scientists, high-risk sports can be particularly valuable for certain types of people. Such activities help them to 1 that being frightened doesn't mean that they have to lose 2 . The recent fashion for jumping from bridges fastened to length of elastic (有弹性的) rope, known as “bungee jumping”, has now been 3 over one million people worldwide, and interest in it is continuing to 4 .
Before the special elastic rope tightens (拉紧) around 5 , jumpers reach speed of nearly 160 kilometers per hour. First-timers are usually too 6 to open their mouths and when they are finally lowered 7 to the ground,
they walk around with broad 8 on their faces, saying repeatedly how 9 it was. However, for some people, it is only the embarrassment (难堪) of refusing to 10 at the last minute that finally persuades them to conquer their fear of heights and push themselves off into space.
1. A. admit B. imagine C. learn D. think
2. A. control B. temper C. hope D. trust
3. A. tried B. played C. performed D. jumped
4. A. add B. extend C. broaden D. grow
5. A. it B. them C. people D. the bridge
6. A. delighted B. shy C. frightened D. relaxed
7. A. suddenly B. safely C. softly D. skillfully
8. A. smiles B. teeth C. eyes D. mouths
9. A. boring B. tiring C. exciting D. ridiculous
10. A. fall B. drop C. jump D. fly
答案
１．Ｃ。

这里的意思是“了解、懂得”。

２．Ａ。

lose control为固定短语，意即：“失去控制”。

这句话的意思是“这样的一些‘高险’活动能够帮助他们了解到害怕并非就和失控。

”本题通过率为40%。

３．Ａ。

Ｂ、Ｃ项意思是“表演”，不合乎题意，而Ｄ的选项与本句主语The recent fashion for jumping相悖，不合英语习惯。

４．Ａ。

此处意思是：“这种高、险、难的跳跃有趣，而且趣味越来越大。

Ｄ的选项是年龄、体积的变化，没有抽象概念的变大。

本题通过率为39%。

５．Ｂ。

than此处指代其主语jumpers。

６．Ｃ。

从上下文的意思看，是“第一个试验者太害怕了，以至于不敢张嘴。

”本题通过率为43%。

７．Ｂ。

同上题，上下文要求，因为这种“跳跃”非常令人害怕，直到他们安全着陆，脸上才会充满了笑容。

８．Ａ。

从文章大意看，是很高兴着地，故应该是笑容满面。

９．Ｃ。

exciting意思是“令人兴奋的”。

它最合题意。

10．Ｃ。

通篇文章讲述的是“跳跃”这件事，故Ｃ是合题意。

阅读理解
NMET2000 春招
Ｂ
James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There, a school teacher asked the youth his name.
“J. C., ”he replied.
She thought he had said “Jesse”, and he had a new name.
Owens ran his first race at age 13. After high school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part time so as to pay for his education.
As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.
A week before the Big Ten meet, Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet. He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. he did try, and the results are in the record book.
The stage was set for Owens victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic (体育的) but also political. Hitler did not congratulate any of the African-American winners.
“It was all right with me,” he said years later. “I didn't go to Berlin to shake hands with him, anyway.”
Having returned from Berlin, he received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. In fact, he was not honored by the United States until 1976, four years before his death.
Owens' Olympic victories made little difference to him. He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles, and dogs.
“Sure, it bothered (烦扰) me,” he said later. “But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat. ”
In time, however, his gold medals (奖牌) changed his life. “They have kept me alive over the years, ” he once said. “Time has stood still for me. That golden moment dies hard. ”
1. Owens got his other mane “Jesse” when __________.
A. he went to Ohio State University
B. his teacher made fun of him
C. his teacher took “J.C.” for “Jesses”
D. he won gold medals in the Big Ten meet
2. In the Big Ten meet, Owens _________.
A. hurt himself in the back
B. succeeded in setting many records
C. tried every sports event but failed
D. had to give up some events
3. We can infer from the text that Owens was treated unfairly in the US at that time because ________.
A. he was not of the right race
B. he was the son of a poor farmer
C. he didn't shake hands with Hitler
D. he didn't talk to the US president on the phone
4. When Owens says “They have kept me alive over the years,” he means that the medals ________.
A. have been changed for money to help him live on
B. have made him famous in the US
C. have encouraged him to overcome difficulties in life
D. have kept him busy with all kinds of jobs
5. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Jesse Owens, a Great American Athlete.
B. Golden Moment-a Life-time Struggle.
C. Making a Living as a Sportsman.
D. How to Be a Successful Athlete?
答案
１．Ｃ。

由文章开头“His family moved to Cleveland... and he had a new name.”
２．Ｂ。

由第四自然段“…in the Bi g Ten games in 1935, he set even more records”及“He did try, and the results are in the record book”。

３．Ａ。

由第一、第六自然段可以得知。

４．Ｃ。

“keep sb. alive”“使某人有活力”。

５．Ａ。

只有Ａ项包含文章所讲内容。

忧伤河上的金桥
1993年，西蒙与加芬凯尔在洛杉矶联袂举行了一场义演音乐会，人们惊奇地听到西蒙用吉他伴奏的歌曲“忧伤河上的金桥”(Bridge Over Troubled Water)，而这首著名的歌曲已经用钢琴伴奏演唱了20多年了！
实际上，此时的西蒙已重新将兴趣转回了吉他，他正向爵士吉他手哈沃德.摩根学习吉他和声，并且重新开始用吉他创作歌曲。

这首“忧伤河上的金桥”创作于1969年，歌曲起首由钢琴奏出一段舒缓轻柔的和声，之后西蒙清澈的嗓音仿佛从远方飘来，“当你感到疲惫和灰心的时候，我会为你檫干泪水；当时世动荡，我会来到你身旁，仿佛在汹涌的忧伤河上的金桥上架起一座金桥。

”
随着歌曲的进行，西蒙的歌声和伴奏的背景和声都渐渐加强，使整首歌曲进入高潮，加芬凯尔的和声在弦乐的背景中营造出一种无法言喻的激情。

整首歌曲在高潮中�Q然而后止，让人回味无穷。

西蒙的吉他弹奏风格变化多端，其实多源自他用吉他描摹自己正追求的音乐风格。

当他重新用吉他演绎“忧伤河上的金桥”时，他实际上是在用吉他模仿钢琴的伴奏效果和他对和声的最新体验。

而这首“忧伤河上的金桥”在用吉他配器后，依然动人。

过了这么多年，歌中所反映的炽热真挚的友情仍然让我感动。

BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED WATER
--SIMON & GARFUNKEL
当你疲惫无助，当你眼含泪水，When you're weary Feeling small
我会为你擦干。

我与你站在一起，
当你举步艰难，举目无亲。

我愿倒下，
用身体为你架起跨越忧愁河的金桥，
我愿倒下。

当你迷惘，
当你在街头徘徊，
当长夜漫漫，
我会安慰你。

我将成为你的一部分，
黑暗来到痛苦降临，
像跨越忧愁河上的金桥，我将为你倒下。

像跨越忧愁河上的金桥，我将为你倒下。

起航吧，银发姑娘，
起航吧，
你将走向光明，
所有你的梦想都在路上。

看它们多么明亮，
假如你需要一个朋友，
我将航行在你左右。

像忧愁河上的金桥，
我会让你放心前行。

像忧愁河上的金桥，
我会让你放心前行。

When tears are in your eyes I will dry them all
I'm on your side
When times get rough
And friends just can't be found
Like a bridge over troubled water
I will lay me down
Like a bridge over troubled water
I will lay me down
When you're down and out When you're on the street When evening falls so hard I will comfort you
I'll take your part
When darkness comes
And pain is all around Like a bridge over troubled water
I will lay me down
Like a bridge over troubled water
I will lay me down
Sail on Silver Girl,
Sail on by
Your time has come to shine All your dreams are on their way
See how they shine
If you need a friend
I'm sailing right behind Like a bridge over troubled water
I will ease your mind Like a bridge over troubled water
I will ease your mind
北京四中
英语高考阅读理解备考指导
一、阅读是高考的重点和难点。

阅读理解在高考试卷中占分40分，如果加上完形填空题（有人称之为缺词阅读）30分，那就是70分，占了将近总分的一半。

高考之所以重视阅读理解，因为阅读是一种比较高级的语言能力，它是获取更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段。

阅读能力也是做好其他题型，如听力、单项填空、短文改错和书面表达的基本因素。

阅读理解的考核是在语篇中进行的，也易于考查观察、判断、推理与综合的能力。

二、阅读理解试题简介。

一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新闻报道、议论文和应用文（如广告、产品说明、电报等）。

五篇文章加上所问问题，总单词量在2000个左右，要求在35分钟内完成。

阅读速度平均为每分钟60个词。

所问问题涉及文章中的知识细节，概括中心意思，猜测陌生词语的意思和推理判断。

问题方式采用多项选择题型，每题给出四个备选答案，要求从中选出一个最佳答案。

三、做好阅读理解题的必备条件。

1、能迅速看准每一句的结构，找出主句的主语、谓语和宾语。

2、有一定的词汇量和分辨词义词性的能力。

3、能灵活运动所学过的语法和词汇知识，对影响意思理解的复合句、非谓语动词短语、关联词语、后置定语、省略、替代和跳跃等语言现象做出正确判断。

4、有良好的思维能力。

会边看边加工所得到的信息，从而做出正确的推理判断，综合概括，准确理解表面意思和深层含义。

5、会精读，也会跳读和略读。

6、具有相当的阅读实践经验和良好的语感。

7、对英美文化有一定了解。

四、如何准备阅读理解测试。

1、阅读的能力是靠大量阅读的实践练出来的，不是老师能给讲会的。

有志于提高阅读水平的同学，应该每天坚持读三四篇文章，日积月累，才能逐步提高阅读水平。

读的时候要注意精读与泛读相结合。

精读的文章力求弄懂每一句话，每一个词，必要时要请教老师，翻查词典。

泛读的文章，一般是难度较小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些词甚至句子不懂也没关系，尽量不查词典，这样可以保证一定的速度和量。

泛读对培养语感，提高速度有很大好处。

可惜有同学不重视泛读，以为阅读就是逐字读，这其实是片面的。

我们北京四中的学生，从上高一开始就大量泛读各种英语的简易读物，21世纪报中学生版，更是人手一份，每期必读的阅读材料，有了大量的阅读经验，相信他们在高考的阅读理解试题面前就能应对自如。

2、要读一读近几年高考试卷中的阅读理解试题，特别是去年（2002年）的试题，具体了解高考考的是什么文章，难度多大，以免使自己在备考时走上弯路。

请看2002年高考试卷中阅读理解试题中的一篇文章
LONDON (Reuters) --- Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.
"Organic produce is always better," Gold said. "The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地) grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty," Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences --- but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported (进口) to meet growing demand. "The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market," said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.
1. More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because ____.
A. they are getting richer
B. they can get the food anywhere
C. they consider the food free of pollution
D. they like home-grown fruit
2. Which of the following statements is true to the facts about most organic produce sold in Britain?
A. It grows indoors all year round.
B. It is produced outside Britain.
C. It is grown on family farms.
D. It is produced on large farms.
3. What is the meaning of "the organic trend" as the words are used in the text?
A. growing interest in organic food
B. better quality of organic food
C. rising market for organic food
D. higher prices of organic food
4. What is the best title for this news story?
A. Organic food --- healthy, or just for the wealthy?
B. The making of organic food in Britain
C. Organic food --- to import or not?
D. Good qualities of organic food
这是一篇news story，选自新闻媒体。

内容讲的是英国人现在喜欢有机食物，不是什么深奥的的科学原理。

语言上的难度相当于高中课本第三册的文章。

所问的四个问题，第一题，答案C。

从第二段前三行可看出有机食物的好处，主要是没上农药，没有污染。

第二题答案是B，此题考查哪个陈述是符合原文的。

因为原题干中说的是most organic produce，全文倒数第四行说了四分之三靠进口，也就是说外国生产的，而那三个答案都不准确。

第三题答案是A，此题考查对词性词义的判断，trend是倾向之意，表示大家日益增长的兴趣。

第四题答案是A，此题考查的是概括文章中心意思。

使用排除法答题比较合适，B、C、D 三个答案显然只反映了文章的个别意思，都不对。

3、在准备阅读理解测试时，要对经常出现的问题进行总结。

高考中的阅读理解问题，重点的有以下一些。

阅读重点题汇编
（1）考查主要思想或段落大意
1. The story mainly tells us ________.
2. From the passage we know that ________.
3. The writer wants to tell us ________.
4. The best title of this passage should be ________.
5. The main idea of Paragraph 1 is ________.
6. Paragraph 2 deals with ________.
7. The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ________.
8. What is the subject discussed in the text?
9. Whish of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?
（2）推理判断测试题
1. We can infer from the passage ________.
2. From the passage, we can tell ________.
3. We can conclude from the passage ________.
4. What probably happened in the end?
5. When he said, "…", he meant ________.
6. This passage would most likely to be found in ________.
（3）考查文章细节理解的测试题
1. The right order which tells the story is ________.
2. Choose the right order of the events given in the following.
3. Which of the following maps shows the right position of ….?
4. Which statement is true?
（4）考查理解作者写作意图的测试题
1. This article is particularly written for ________.
2. When the writer says … he really means ________.
3. The author's attitude to… is that ________.
4. What kind of atmosphere（气氛）does the writer want to create in this passage?
5. The writer regards… as ________.
6. The writer's purpose in writing this story is ________.
（5）猜测词义，常见的题干有
1. The word… in paragraph… refers to ________.
2. The underlined word "…" means ________.
3. The word "…" could be replaced by ________.
４. Which of the following words can take the place of …?
4、应对阅读理解测试时的注意事项
1）如有的文章带标题，应仔细看标题。

标题是文章主题的高度概括，它可以给我们一些启示和线索。

2）先快速浏览一下全文。

大概了解一下这是记叙文还是科普文章，中文注释的单词是什么意思。

这一步要快。

3）仔细看原文，凡人物与数字或地名可用笔作个记号，没弄明白的地方也可划个线，以便看完全文再重读。

读时要注意弄明白句子的主谓结构，同时在大脑中加工所得到的信息。

4）看完文章，即可做题。

要注意四个选项都看看，不要只看了一两个就作出判断。

对有把握的题，在做完判断后就不要折回原文核对了。

但对没有把握的题则应把相关的句或段重看一次。

5）判断词义词性时要注意结合上下文。

人家考的是在特定的环境下的意思。

6）概括中心意思时，要注意不可离题太远，太笼统，但也不要只概括一段或几句的意思。

7）问及对某个问题的看法与态度，要记住是在问作者态度，而不是问你作为中国学生的想法。

8）如时间够，还应复读全文，核对各题答案，完成未定之题。

要注意各题的答案要逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。