高一英语Unit8 Sports知识点讲解与练习

照对市爱民阳光实验学校Unit 8 Sports 1．Ability and Inability (能和不能)
(1) I can … I can't … (2) He is able to …
2．Obligations (义务)
1) I/You/He/They must … I/You/He/They have to …
2) You should/ought to …
3) It is necessary to do … It is necessary that …
英语口语
购物时
我们去(商店)逛逛吧! Let's go window-shopping.
我身无分文 I'm flat broke.
不管怎么说，我们去逛逛吧 Let's go window-shopping anyway.
人多得要命! What a crowd!/It's so crowded!/What a big crowd!
商店几点开门? When does the store open? /What time does the store close? 商店几点关门? When does the store close?
今天休息 It's closed today.
我们11点才开门呢。

We won't open until eleven.
卖鞋的专柜在哪儿呀? Where's the shoe department?
Where can I find the shoe department? Where is the shoe department located?
在3楼 It's on the third floor. *on the...floor是“(楼的)……层〞。

的1楼是the first floor，2层是the second floor。

英国的1楼是“the ground floor〞,2楼是“the first floor〞
1．sport与game用法比拟
1)sport可指各种运动或户外消遣，可以是娱乐性的，也可以是竞赛性的体育
活动。

sport特指某种运动工程时，一般用作可数名词；它还指运动会，常用复数形式 sports(=sports meet)。

如：Our headmaster is fond of sport, not music. 我们校长喜欢体育，不喜欢音乐。

2)比拟：game(游戏、运动、比赛)。

可以是户内或户外的，也可以是脑力或体
力的，通常有一规那么，凡参加者都必须遵守。

指球赛时，英语用game，英国英语用match。

指大型的体育运动会、比赛，用game.
2．excite的用法
1)excite作及物动词，意为“使冲动〞，“使兴奋〞，在主动结构中以事物作
主语；在被动结构中以人作主语。

如：The result of the experiment excited me. 的结果令我冲动。

2)exciting与excited都可作形容词用，在作语或表语，但两者用法不同。

exciting意思是“令人冲动的〞，常用来修饰事物；excited 意思是
“对……感到冲动的〞，常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音。

如：
Why were they so excited? 他们为什么如此冲动？
The excited children were opening their Christmas gifts. 冲动的孩子们翻开圣诞礼物。

3)excitement是名词，作“兴奋、冲动〞解时，是不可数名词；作“使人兴奋的事物〞时，是可数名词。

3．join, join in, take part in 和 attend 的用法比拟
这几个词或短语都有“参加〞的意思，但用法不同。

1)join有两个用法：
(1)指参加某个派，团体组织，成为其成员之一，意为：“参、入团、入〞。

如：
When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参的？
(2)和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根据上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。

如：Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？
2)join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏〞，常用于日常口语。

如：
Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。

3)take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。

如：We often take part in physical labour. 我们经常参加体力劳动。

4〕take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不冠词。

如：Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.
林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。

5)attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告。

句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一起积极作用。

如：He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他要参加一个重要的会议。

4．farther与further的区别
1)表示“较远〞、“更远〞时，两者可以通用。

如：
We can't go any farther (further) with a rest. 我们不休息无法向前走了。

They went farther (further) into the forest。

他们走向森林深处。

2)further还表示“更多的〞，“另外的〞；“进一步〞，“深一层〞；“而且，此外〞含义，而farther没有此义。

如：
We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多的信息。

We need go further into the matter. 我们必须进一步调查此事。

5．win与beat的用法区别
win与beat的区别：win后接战争、比赛、奖品名词作宾语，不能接竞争对手作宾语；而beat后常接竞争对手，意为“打败〞、“击败〞。

试比拟：win a race/a battle/ a prize/a medal/success/friendship
赢得赛跑/战役/奖品/奖章//。

beat the competitor/the team/the country打败对手/队/国家6．every和表示数量的词连用。

1)every可与表示数量的词连用，表示时间或空间的间隔。

如：
I usually go to my uncle's every three days (=every third day).
我通常每三天(每隔两天)去我叔叔家一次。

2〕every后可接 few，但不能接 a few，因 every一词已包含了a之意，如句
④，另外every后也不能接some，several，many词。

every后接序数词
时，那么修饰单数可数名词。

3)every 可与other + 单数可数名词连用，表示“每隔一……〞。

如：
Please write on every other line (third line). 请隔行写。

(请隔两
行写一行。

)
They planted a tree every other metre along the road. 他们在马路边每隔一米栽一棵树。

1．prefer…to…的含义
1)prefer A to B 意思上接近于like A better than B，表示“喜欢……要胜过喜欢……〞。

在这一结构中，to为介词，prefer和to后面可接名词或动词-ing形式。

I prefer science to languages. 我喜欢理科而不太喜欢文科。

He prefers beer to coffee. 啤酒与咖啡相比，他更喜欢啤酒。

2)prefer 不接介词 to短语而单独使用时，相当于 like…very much。

这时prefer后面可接名同，代词，不式，动词-ing形式。

例如：
Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你较喜欢哪一种？
She preferred to work and live with the common people. 她喜欢工作生活在人中间。

注意：prefer在构成其-ed及-ing形式时，要双写词尾字母 r，即：preferred，preferring
3)prefer还可与 rather than连用，这时 prefer和 rather than后面一般接不式，而不接动词-ing形式，rather than后面的不式符号 to可有可无。

如：She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind. 她宁愿和我们一道去，而不愿留下。

2．由read构成的短语
1)read out sth. =read sth. loud for others to hear，意为“读出〞、“宣布〞。

Here's a letter from Tom. Shall I read it out? 这儿有一封汤姆的来信，我要不要读出来。

2)read sth. to sb./ read sb. sth. =read loud for sb. to hear.表示“读给某人听〞。

The teacher read a poem to the class. 老师给全班同学读了首诗。

She read the children a story. 她给孩子们读了篇故事。

注意：read to sb. 是“读给某人听〞的意思，read for sb. 是“替某人读〞的意思。

3)read sth. to oneself = read sth. in silence. 意思是“默读〞
Read it to yourself. I'm not interested in it. 不要读出声来，我对此不感兴趣。

4)read between the lines = to find a meaning that is not expressed. 表示“体会字里行间的言外之意〞。

If you read between the lines, this letter is really a request for money.
你如果体会一下言外之意，这封信实际上是要钱。

5)read可用作不及物动词，指文字的流畅或通顺情况。

The sentence doesn't read well. 这个句子不通顺。

Her letters always read well. 她的信读起来很好。

6)read 可用来表示“理解〞、“解释〞，如：
Don't read my silence as consent. 别把我的沉默当作同意。

How do you read this passage? 这一段话你怎么解释？
3．after that和since then的用法区别
after that表示在过去某一件事以后，但情况或动作并不延续到说话时，所以的谓语动词仍要用一般过去时。

since then表示从过去某一点时间延续至说话时，强调到目前为止一直进行的动作或保持的状态。

因此谓语动词一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

试比拟：that指过去某一件事，then指过去某一点时间。

After that he never passed any exam从那以后他任何一门考试都从未及格过。

I have been studying hard since then. 从那以来我一直努力学习。

1．Many of the sports were the same as they are now.
1)the same as…中，same是代词，the same + 名词 + as…中，same是形容词。

在上述句型中，as是关系代词，引导语从句，as在从可充当主语、宾语或表语。

如：
The house is just the same as it used to be.
这座房子还跟过去一样。

(as在语从作表语)
注意:在这种句型中，为防止重复，as从常省略和前面相同的。

2)the same…that…表示……和……一样，指同一人或物。

如：
She lives in the same room that her mother lived. 她住在她母亲住过的同一间屋里。

2．After that more and more countries joined in the games.
形容词/副词“双重比拟〞的结构，表示持续不断的变化，意思是“越来越……〞：1)adj. /adv. + -er and adj. /adv. + -er(单音节及双音节的形容词/副词双重比拟)例如：
She is getting thinner and thinner. 她变得越来越瘦了。

He runs faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快了。

2)more and more + adj. /adv. (多音节及双音节的形容词/副词双重比拟)例如：
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的家乡变得越来越美丽了。

We are going more and more slowly. 我们越走越慢了。

主谓语一致关系
1．语从用that，不用which 的情况
在语从，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍用that，而不用which的情况。

1)被修饰的先行词为不代词，如 all，much，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one。

例如：
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们该做一切有益于人民的事。

There's nothing that can be said about it. 有关这件事，已没什么可说的。

2)先行词被 only，any，few，little，no，all，one of，just，very 词修饰时。

The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们惟一能做的事是待。

You can take any seat that is free. 任何空位子你都可以坐。

3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
当我们谈起时，首先想到的就是。

4)先行词是最或被最修饰时。

This is the best that can be done now. 这是现在能做的最好的方法。

5)先行词既有人又有物，用which和who 都不适宜，这时用that.
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.
你刚谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

6)被修饰词为数词时。

Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。

7)如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用 which，另一个关系代词那么用that，以防止语言的单调或重复。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。

8)主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的语从句用that作关系代词。

There's still a seat in the corner that is still free. 角落里仍有一个空位子。

9)被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是语从句的表语时，该关系代词用that.
That's a good book that will help you a lot. 这是本对你很有帮助的书。

2．语从用which而不用that的情况
这里我们讨论一下语从用which，而不用that指代物的情况。

1)当关系代词前面有介词时。

Is this the room in which Mr White lives? 这就是怀特先生住的房间吗？
2)在非限制性语从。

Crusoe's dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.
克鲁索的狗，现在已经很老，病死了。

3)在一个句子中有两个语从句，其中一个语从句的关系代词用了that，那么另一个用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
我来给你看我从开放的图书馆里借的一本小说。

4)当关系代词后面带有插入语时。

Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。

3．语从用who而不用that的情况
1)先行词为 one，ones，anyone 或 those时。

Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once. 称职的人该马上辞职。

I don't like the ones (=those) who talk big. 我不喜欢那些说大话的人。

2)在There be结构中，修饰主语的语从句用关系代词who指代人。

There's a gentleman who wants to see you. 有位先生想要见你。

3)领先行词有较长的后置语时。

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday who could speak Chinese very well.
昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位汉语说得很好的外国人。

4)一个句子中带有两个语从句，其中一个语从句的关系代词是that，另一个那么用who以免重复。

The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 昨天在会上受到表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。

1 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ______ she could turn for help. (92年高考题)
A．that B．who C．from whom D．to whom
分析此题考查关系代词，whom指人时在语从作介词宾语的用法及动词短语 turn to sb for sth. 的结构。

从此题语境看，从句是“She could turn to sb for help.〞用语从句来表达时，即为 to whom she could turn for help. 而 turn from sb. 意为“从某人处走开〞，与题意不合。

答案选D。

2 Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a bicycle. (94年高考题)
A．ride; ride B．riding, ride C．ride; to ride D．to ride; riding 分析此题考查的是通过调整语序来看学生是否具备灵活运用语言的能力。

Prefer后可接不式，也可接动名词。

后接不式时通常与 rather than 连用。

其一般语序为：He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus. 这句话还可表示为：He always prefers riding a bicycle to riding on a crowded bus. 答案选C。

1．The first Olympic Games in modern____ happened in 1896．
A．time B．age C．times D．year
2．It’s known that the National City Games are held_____．
A．every two years． B．each two years
c．every second year D．each second year
3．How many athletes_____ the 26th Summer Olympics？
A．joined B．attended C．entered D．joined in
4．Do you know who has won in the_____？
A．women 100-metre B．women’s 100 metres
C．women’s 100 metre dash D．woman’s 100-metres dash．5．Unluckily，he fell off the horse and_____．
A．hurt B．hurted C．get hurt D．got hurt
6．Is there anything_____ you haven’t told me？
A．that B．which C．who D． what
7．It was the place_____ he used to live in America．
A．which B．that C．where
D．when
8．1939 was the year_____ a lot of people died in the war．
A．which B．that C．where
D．when
9．That’s the reason_____ he was late that morning．
A．which B．what C．that D ．why
10．He didn’t tell his friend_____ he went to the airport alone．A．which B．what C．when
D．why
参考答案
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．D
The Farmer and the Snake
ONE WINTER a Farmer found a Snake stiff and frozen with cold. He had compassion on it, and taking it up, placed it in his bosom. The Snake was quickly revived by the warmth, and resuming its natural instincts, bit its benefactor, inflicting on him a mortal wound. "Oh," cried the Farmer with his last breath, "I am rightly served for pitying a scoundrel."
The greatest kindness will not bind the ungrateful.
农夫与蛇
冬天，农夫发现一条蛇冻僵了，他很可怜它，便把蛇放在自己怀里。

蛇温暖后，苏醒了过来，恢复了它的本性，咬了它的恩人一口，使他受到了致命的伤害。

农夫临死前说：“我该死，我怜悯恶人，该受恶报。

〞
这故事说明，即使对恶人仁至义尽，他们的邪恶本性也是不会改变的。

The Fawn and His Father
A YOUNG FAWN once said to his Father, "You are larger than a dog, and swifter, and more used to running, and you have your horns as a defense; why, then, O Father! do the hounds frighten you so?" He smiled, and said: "I know full well, my son, that all you say is true. I have the advantages you mention, but when I hear even the bark of a single dog I feel ready to faint, and fly away as fast as I can."
No arguments will give courage to the coward.
小鹿与他的父亲
有一天，小鹿对公鹿说道，“父亲，你怎么还怕狗呢？你比他高大，比他跑得更快，而且还有很大的角用于自卫。

〞公鹿笑着说：“孩儿，你说得都对，
可我只知道一点，一听到狗的叫声，我就会不由自主地立刻逃跑。

〞这故事说明，鼓励那些天生胆小、软弱的人毫无用处。