高一地球与宇宙探索英语阅读理解25题

高一地球与宇宙探索英语阅读理解25题
1
<背景文章>
The Earth is a complex and fascinating planet. It is composed of several layers. The outermost layer is the crust. The crust is relatively thin compared to the other layers. It is made up of different types of rocks and minerals.
The mantle lies beneath the crust. It is much thicker and hotter than the crust. The mantle is made up of solid rock that can flow very slowly over long periods of time.
The core is the innermost layer of the Earth. It is divided into two parts: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is liquid and mainly composed of iron and nickel. The inner core is solid and also made up of iron and nickel.
The Earth's surface is constantly changing due to geological processes such as plate tectonics. Plate tectonics is the movement of large sections of the Earth's crust. These plates can move apart, come together, or slide past each other.
V olcanoes and earthquakes are common features on the Earth's surface. V olcanoes occur when magma from deep within the Earth erupts onto the surface. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic
plates.
1. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the ___.
A. mantle
B. core
C. crust
D. magma
答案：C。

解析：文章中明确提到“The outermost layer is the crust.”。

2. The mantle is made up of ___.
A. liquid iron and nickel
B. solid rock
C. magma
D. air
答案：B。

解析：文中提到“The mantle is made up of solid rock that can flow very slowly over long periods of time.”。

3. The outer core of the Earth is ___.
A. solid
B. made up of air
C. liquid
D. made up of rocks
答案：C。

解析：“The outer core is liquid and mainly composed of iron and nickel.”。

4. Plate tectonics is the movement of ___.
A. magma
B. the core
C. large sections of the Earth's crust
D. the mantle
答案：C。

解析：“Plate tectonics is the movement of large sections of the Earth's crust.”。

5. V olcanoes occur when ___.
A. tectonic plates move apart
B. magma from deep within the Earth erupts onto the surface
C. the Earth's core heats up
D. there is an earthquake
答案：B。

解析：“V olcanoes occur when magma from deep within the Earth erupts onto the surface.”。

2
<背景文章>
The Solar System is a fascinating place filled with wonders. Our solar system consists of eight planets, namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Each planet has its own unique characteristics and plays an important role in the grand scheme of the universe.
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It is a small and rocky planet with a very thin atmosphere. Due to its proximity to the Sun, Mercury
experiences extreme temperatures, ranging from extremely hot during the day to extremely cold at night.
Venus is often called Earth's sister planet because of its similar size and composition. However, Venus has a thick atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, which creates a strong greenhouse effect and makes the planet extremely hot.
Earth is the only planet known to support life. It has a moderate climate, a diverse ecosystem, and abundant water. The Earth's atmosphere is just right to support life, with a balance of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases.
Mars is known as the Red Planet. It has a thin atmosphere and a surface covered with iron oxide, giving it a reddish appearance. Mars is a popular target for space exploration as scientists search for signs of past or present life.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It is a gas giant with a massive atmosphere and many moons. Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a giant storm that has been raging for centuries.
Saturn is famous for its beautiful rings. These rings are made up of countless ice particles and rocks. Saturn is also a gas giant and has many moons.
Uranus and Neptune are ice giants. They are much farther from the Sun than the other planets and have very cold temperatures. Uranus has a
unique rotation axis that is tilted on its side.
The planets in the solar system orbit around the Sun in elliptical paths. The closer a planet is to the Sun, the faster it moves. This is due to the gravitational pull of the Sun. The planets also rotate on their axes, which causes day and night.
6. Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. Earth
D. Mars
答案：D。

中文解析：火星被称为“红色星球”，因为其表面覆盖着氧化铁，呈现出红色外观。

7. Which planet has a thick atmosphere mainly composed of carbon dioxide?
A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. Earth
D. Mars
答案：B。

中文解析：金星有一层厚厚的大气层，主要由二氧化碳组成，这产生了强烈的温室效应，使金星非常炎热。

8. Which planet is the largest in the solar system?
A. Jupiter
B. Saturn
C. Uranus
D. Neptune
答案：A。

中文解析：木星是太阳系中最大的行星，它是一个气态巨行星，有巨大的大气层和许多卫星。

9. What are Saturn's rings made of?
A. Gold particles
B. Silver particles
C. Ice particles and rocks
D. Iron particles
答案：C。

中文解析：土星的环由无数的冰粒和岩石组成。

10. Which planet has a unique rotation axis that is tilted on its side?
A. Uranus
B. Neptune
C. Jupiter
D. Saturn
答案：A。

中文解析：天王星有一个独特的自转轴，它是倾斜的。

3
<背景文章>
The universe is a vast and mysterious place. Scientists have been trying to understand its origin, evolution, and future development trends for centuries. The Big Bang theory is currently the most widely accepted
explanation for the origin of the universe. According to this theory, the universe began as a singularity, a point of infinite density and temperature. Then, in a moment of tremendous explosion, the universe expanded rapidly and continues to expand to this day.
As the universe expands, galaxies move away from each other. This is known as the redshift effect. The study of the redshift has provided important evidence for the expansion of the universe. In addition to the expansion, the universe is also constantly evolving. Stars are born, live, and die, and new elements are created in the process.
The future of the universe is also a subject of great interest. Some scientists believe that the universe will continue to expand forever, while others think that it may eventually contract due to gravity. The fate of the universe depends on many factors, including the amount of matter and energy in it.
Understanding the universe is not only a scientific pursuit but also a philosophical one. It helps us understand our place in the cosmos and raises questions about the nature of existence.
11. The Big Bang theory explains that the universe began as ___.
A. a galaxy
B. a star
C. a singularity
D. a planet
答案：C。

中文解析：根据文章内容，大爆炸理论目前是对宇宙起源最广泛接受的解释。

按照这个理论，宇宙始于一个奇点，所以答案是C。

12. The redshift effect shows that ___.
A. galaxies are getting closer
B. galaxies are moving away from each other
C. stars are being born
D. stars are dying
答案：B。

中文解析：文章中提到随着宇宙的膨胀，星系相互远离，这被称为红移效应。

所以答案是B。

13. The future of the universe depends on ___.
A. the number of stars
B. the size of galaxies
C. the amount of matter and energy
D. the speed of light
答案：C。

中文解析：文章提到宇宙的命运取决于许多因素，包括其中的物质和能量的数量。

所以答案是C。

14. Understanding the universe is ___.
A. only a scientific pursuit
B. only a philosophical one
C. both a scientific and philosophical pursuit
D. neither scientific nor philosophical
答案：C。

中文解析：文章最后提到理解宇宙不仅是一种科学追求，也是一种哲学追求。

所以答案是C。

15. Stars are created in the process of ___.
A. the expansion of the universe
B. the contraction of the universe
C. the birth, life, and death of stars
D. the formation of galaxies
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到宇宙在不断演化，恒星诞生、生存和死亡，并且在这个过程中创造新的元素。

所以答案是C。

4
<背景文章>
Black holes are one of the most fascinating and mysterious phenomena in the universe. A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life. The core of the star collapses in on itself, creating a singularity, a point of infinite density.
The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that it can distort the fabric of space and time. As matter falls into a black hole, it heats up and emits intense radiation. This radiation can be detected by telescopes on Earth and in space.
Black holes have a significant impact on the evolution of the universe. They can merge with other black holes, creating even more massive black
holes. They can also influence the motion of stars and galaxies. In addition, black holes may play a role in the formation of new stars and planets.
Despite their mysterious nature, scientists have been able to study black holes using a variety of methods. One way is by observing the effects of their gravity on nearby objects. Another way is by studying the radiation emitted by matter falling into a black hole.
Scientists are still learning about black holes and their role in the universe. As technology continues to advance, we may be able to unlock even more secrets about these fascinating objects.
16. What is a black hole?
A. A region of space with weak gravity.
B. A star that has not collapsed.
C. A region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape.
D. A planet with a strong gravitational pull.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章明确提到“A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape.”，即黑洞是一个引力非常强以至于任何东西包括光都无法逃脱的空间区域。

17. How are black holes formed?
A. By the collision of two planets.
B. When a massive star collapses at the end of its life.
C. By the explosion of a small star.
D. When a galaxy collapses.
答案：B。

中文解析：文中提到“Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life.”，即黑洞是在大质量恒星生命末期坍塌时形成的。

18. What can be detected by telescopes on Earth and in space?
A. The heat of a black hole.
B. The singularity of a black hole.
C. The gravitational pull of a black hole.
D. The radiation emitted by matter falling into a black hole.
答案：D。

中文解析：文章中提到“As matter falls into a black hole, it heats up and emits intense radiation. This radiation can be detected by telescopes on Earth and in space.”，即当物质落入黑洞时，它会升温并发出强烈的辐射，这种辐射可以被地球上和太空中的望远镜探测到。

19. What may black holes play a role in?
A. The destruction of stars and planets.
B. The formation of new stars and planets.
C. The slowing down of the universe's expansion.
D. The disappearance of galaxies.
答案：B。

中文解析：文中提到“Black holes may play a role in the formation of new stars and planets.”，即黑洞可能在新恒星和行星的形成中发挥作用。

20. How are scientists studying black holes?
A. By sending probes into black holes.
B. By observing the effects of their gravity on nearby objects and studying the radiation emitted by matter falling into a black hole.
C. By creating artificial black holes in laboratories.
D. By using only telescopes on Earth.
答案：B。

中文解析：文章提到“Scientists are still learning about black holes and their role in the universe. One way is by observing the effects of their gravity on nearby objects. Another way is by studying the radiation emitted by matter falling into a black hole.”，即科学家通过观察黑洞对附近物体的引力影响以及研究落入黑洞的物质发出的辐射来研究黑洞。

5
<背景文章>
The universe is a vast and mysterious place, filled with wonders that continue to baffle scientists. One of the most intriguing mysteries is the existence of dark matter and dark energy. Dark matter is a form of matter that does not interact with light or any other electromagnetic radiation. Scientists can only detect its presence through its gravitational effects on visible matter. Dark energy, on the other hand, is a mysterious force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.
Despite decades of research, scientists still know very little about dark matter and dark energy. Their nature and properties remain largely unknown. However, researchers are constantly looking for new ways to
study these phenomena and unlock their secrets.
Another mysterious aspect of the universe is the existence of black holes. Black holes are regions of space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They are formed when massive stars collapse at the end of their lives. Black holes come in different sizes, from small ones that are only a few times more massive than the sun to supermassive black holes that can be billions of times more massive.
The study of the universe and its mysteries is a fascinating field that continues to attract the attention of scientists and enthusiasts alike. As our understanding of the universe grows, we are constantly uncovering new mysteries and challenges that push the boundaries of our knowledge.
21. What is dark matter?
A. Matter that interacts with light.
B. Matter that does not interact with light but can be detected by its gravitational effects on visible matter.
C. A mysterious force that causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate.
D. Regions of space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing can escape.
答案：B。

中文解析：暗物质是一种不与光或任何其他电磁辐射相互作用的物质形式，科学家只能通过其对可见物质的引力效应来检
测它的存在。

A 选项错误，暗物质不与光相互作用；C 选项是暗能量的描述；D 选项是黑洞的描述。

22. What is dark energy?
A. Matter that does not interact with light.
B. Matter that can be detected by its gravitational effects on visible matter.
C. A mysterious force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.
D. Regions of space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing can escape.
答案：C。

中文解析：暗能量是一种神秘的力量，它导致宇宙的膨胀加速。

A 和B 选项是暗物质的描述；D 选项是黑洞的描述。

23. What are black holes formed from?
A. Small stars.
B. Massive stars that collapse at the end of their lives.
C. Dark matter.
D. Dark energy.
答案：B。

中文解析：黑洞是由大质量恒星在其生命末期坍塌形成的。

A 选项错误，黑洞不是由小恒星形成；C 选项暗物质不是黑洞的形成原因；D 选项暗能量也不是黑洞的形成原因。

24. What is true about supermassive black holes?
A. They are only a few times more massive than the sun.
B. They are formed from small stars.
C. They can be billions of times more massive than the sun.
D. They do not have a strong gravitational pull.
答案：C。

中文解析：超大质量黑洞可以比太阳重数十亿倍。

A 选项错误，那是小黑洞的描述；B 选项错误，黑洞是由大质量恒星形成；
D 选项错误，黑洞的引力非常强。

25. What is the study of the universe and its mysteries?
A. A boring field.
B. A field that only scientists are interested in.
C. A fascinating field that attracts the attention of many.
D. A field that has been fully understood.
答案：C。

中文解析：对宇宙及其奥秘的研究是一个迷人的领域，吸引了许多人的关注。

A 选项错误，宇宙研究很有趣；B 选项错误，不只是科学家感兴趣；D 选项错误，宇宙奥秘还有很多未被理解。