湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二下学期末考试(2015年2月) 历史(理) Word版及答案
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试(
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试英语试题时间：120分钟总分：150分PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A (1.5 x 15 = 22.5)Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 6 conversations between 2 speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by 3 choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11.Who took the photo?A.EllaB. Ella’s uncleC. Ella’s brother2.What do we know about Joe?A.He wears glassesB. He is younger than Ella.C. He is taller than Rick Conversation 23.What did the woman like doing before she was about ten?A.Playing computer gamesB.Climbing mountainsC.Snowboarding.4.W hat does the woman’s father think of sailing?A.DangerousB. ExcitingC. ExpensiveConversation 35.Why did the woman go straight to the kitchen after she got home?A.She was very angryB.She heard a strange noise thereC.She wanted to make a cup of coffee6.What did the woman lose?A. A paintingB. A TV setC. Some moneyConversation 47.Where did the man find the earring?A.In the parkB. In the gardenC. In the yard8.How does the woman feel when she sees the earring?A.SadB. NervousC. Surprise9.What do we know about the earring?A.It was lost 13 years ago.B.It belonged to the woman’s mother.C.It was put into a box by the woman.Conversation 510.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.SchoolmatesB. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student11.What difficulty does the woman have studying at Oxford?A.Attending extra classesB.Doing a large amount of work.C.Getting used to the learning style12.What has the man been encouraged to do at school?A.Answer questionsB. Give opinions.C. Argue with teachers Conversation 613.How much did the man’s family pay to visit the museum?A.£15.50B. £10C. £614.What is the fourth floor of the museum about?A.ScienceB. MedicineC. Art15.When is the museum closed?A.On MondayB. On TuesdayC. On SundaySECTION B (1.5 x 5 = 7.5)Directions: In this section, you’11 hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS.You’ll hear the short passage TWICE.PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGESECTION A (1 x 15 = 15)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4 choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.21.______ is a best-known secret in success that get ready in much of our life and you may make themost of the opportunity．A．What B．As C．It D．That22. According to statistics, a man is _________to die of skin cancer as a woman.A. more than twice as likelyB. twice more than as likelyC. as likely more than twiceD. twice more than likely as23. ----- I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn’t you drive him there?----- I would have. But my car ______.A. was fixedB. had fixedC. was being fixedD. had been fixed24. If there be a global nuclear war， life on the earth as we know it____end forever.A . will； will B. should； would C. were to； will D. is to； would25. Could you repeat your question, sir?Sure, but try not to let your mind in class, boy.A. wanderB. to wanderC. wanderingD. wandered26. ----- I’ve nothing on me except this ten-yuan no te to donate, I’m afraid.----- Never mind. ______. We really appreciate your assistance.A. Every little helpsB. The more, the betterC. It’s better to give than to receiveD. No one is perfect27. The setting sun was reflected on the river, ________ everything along the banks ________ allthe more beautiful.A. to make; lookB. making; lookingC. making; to lookD. making; look28. Doctors have been researching _____ effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have____ us.A. what, onB. how, onC. what, toD. how, to29. By the time I rushed to the train station, the last train_________.A. has leftB. was being leftC. is leavingD. had left30. The pills can work more effectively after your dinner. You can have a try.A. when takingB. if takingC. when takeD. if taken31.______ the early train, you’ll have to get up early and rush in a taxi.A. caughtB. catchingC. catchD. to catch32. No one in the department but Tom and I _________ that the director is going to resign.A. knowsB. am to knowC. knowD. have known33. Large quantities of natural resources ________ in 100 years or so.A. will use upB. have been used upC. will be used upD. had been used up34. Nowhere _________ the book mentioned in your text message here, my dear. You see, this is toolittle a town.A. I can buyB. can I buyC. can’t I buyD. can I not buy35. I’ve made some good friends with several of those students in my school ________ I met in thecrosstalk show last month.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. whichSECTION B (1.5 x 12 = 18)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I can still remember clearly the phone call that changed my life. It was Tuesday, February 18. When the phone rang, I was in the kitchen. On the other line was Marty Banderas, a literary agent (著作经纪人), to whom I had sent a draft (草稿) of my novel three weeks earlier.“I have a couple of36 to ask you first.” Banderas said happily. “First, how old are you?”“48 years old,” I replied. “What’s up?”“No. No. Questions first, for your benefit. Now, are you in good 37 ?”“Yes, I’m very well, excellent now… What’s this about? Tell me, please!”“Ok. No more questions. Listen. I’ve sold your38 for one and a half million dollars.”I sat down in great 39 . I couldn’t believe my ears! Yes, it was indeed a pleasant surprise! I had written fourteen novels in the past twenty years, but each one had been rejected by the publishers. I suppose many people would have been 40 by so many failures, but not me. Each time, I just got down to writing another one. My husband advised me to find something else to do, but I refused to give up.Seeing this book 41 was the best thing that had ever happened to me. It was a mystery story (like all the other novels) and it was on the best-seller list only two weeks after publication!I got my first lesson in 42 telling from my grandmother when I was very young. After I wrote something, she would read my stories and would gave me a love of words. She sparked (激发) my 43 and she has been a lasting influence on me. I always had stories running through my 44 and as soon as I thought of something, I 45 it down on paper.I married young and I have three children now, but I have never stopped writing. I often 46 novels between changing the diapers (婴儿的尿布) and washing dishes.I’m writing another novel now. Yes, that 47 has changed my life.36. A. novels B. things C. questions D. problems37. A. wealth B. health C. surprise D. order38. A. novel B. book C. house D. draft39. A. need B. sadness C. time D. surprise40. A. interested B. encouraged C. discouraged D. excited41. A. written B. published C. rejected D. rewritten42. A. story B. writing C. novel D. study43. A. happiness B. efforts C. novels D. imagination44. A. mind B. mouth C. voice D. work45. A. turned B. put C. broke D. sat46. A. sell B. read C. develop D. translate47. A. accident B. trouble C. failure D. successSECTION C (1.5 x 8 = 12)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with ONLY ONE WORD that best fits the context.Considered as a virtue, honesty is admired in every country and every culture.48._______, there are still some dishonest people living in this world. Some businessmen are not always honest in their dealings. Some students 49._______ caught cheating in a test. Some newspapers carry some untrue news just in order to attract 50._______ readers.Actually, being dishonest is generally regarded 51 a bad behavior, which is looked down upon by the society. But being 52._______ honest person, we can benefit a lot. 53. _______, we can have s peaceful life, for we will not feel ashamed of telling lies. Second, we can be trusted by other people, 54._______ will do good to our lives.I do believe honesty is a virtue which is the very key 55._______ the door of success.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Section A(30)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ABelieve it or not, going to school is not a legal(法定的) requirement in the United States. It is a legalrequirement that all kids be educated, though. When parents believe they can give their kids a better education--- or have other reasons for not wanting to send their kids to a local school --- they may choose home schooling.However, if a kid hates school, home schooling is probably not the escape he is looking for. Home schooled students can learn just as much as they would in regular school if they and their parents work hard to cover all the subjects and experiences necessary. Parents who home school usually have higher levels of education than parents who do not. They already have the skills to educate themselves about teaching their kids.Parents who home school have to be able to put the time and skill into not just teaching, but also researching lesson plans and resources(资源). So they have to know how to find the information necessary to teach their kids. State schools often provide home-schooling parents with a curriculum(课程), books and materials and places to meet. Some state schools will point parents to other resources for brushing up on forgotten subjects. Or parents may receive continuing education at local colleges or universities.56. According to American law, _______________.A. all kids shall go to schoolB. all kids must receive educationC. home schooling parents shall receive continuing educationD. state schools must give support to home-schooling parents57. According to the text, most home-schooling parents________________.A. are short of moneyB. dislike schoolsC. used to work as teachersD. are well-educated58. Which of the following is NOT true about parents who home school?A. They should have enough time.B. They should have some skills in teaching.C. They must receive special curriculums at the university.D. They have to be able to know lesson plans and resources.59. The underlined phrase “brushing up on” in the last paragraph can best be replaced by _____.A. reviewingB. changingC. choosingD. discussing60. What can be inferred from the text?A. Home schooled kids learn fewer.B. Home schooled kids spend less time studying.C. Being a home-schooling parent needs a lot of effort.D. Home schooling will replaced school education.BAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table. I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied, “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed”, that is, in low sprits, until we were in high school.Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more likeadults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it on ce was no longer exists. Why?Human development is based not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation（揭示）machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.61. According to the author, feeling depressed is________.A. a sure sign of a mental problem in a childB. a mental state present in all humans, including childrenC. something that cannot be avoided in children’s mental developmentD. something hardly to be expected in a young child62. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world________.A. through connection with societyB. gradually and under guidanceC. naturally without being taughtD. through watching television63. According to the author, that today’s children seem adultlike result s from ________.A. the widespread influence of televisionB. the poor arrangement of teaching contentC. the fast pace of human scientific developmentD. the rising standard of living64. What does the author think of communication through print for children?A. It enables children to gain more social information.B. It develops children’s interest in reading and writing.C. It helps children to read and write well.D. It can control what children are to learn.65. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?A. He feels their adultlike behavior is so funnyB. He thinks the change worthy of note.C. He considers it a rapid development.D. He seems to be upset about it.CRecently I came in contact with the true meaning of love．That would have been, Kane, a boy．Kane was the two-year-old son of Jolene, my new neighbor．At a glance Kane was a sight．He’d been born with hard sticks for legs．And on that morning I witnessed the effect that Kane’s physical shortcom ings had on his family．But I also witnessed much more than that．I saw an extraordinary family that embraced this special child．A family that wouldn’t allow Kane to know he was different．Jolene had constructed a small cart just a few inches off the floorfor his son to get around．Using his hands to move about, Kane moved the cart to “go to” any place just as everyone else was able to do．Kane worked that little cart like a master．Kane was a vital focus of the entire family．He was more than just a member of the family; he was the soul．This child was the driver, the motivator(让人积极进取的人), and the founder of much of the interaction．Much later in my life, I came to realize that God had sent this child to help some of us who just weren’t getting what love was all about．Even with my limited capacity for understanding at the time that Kane was a highly developed spirit with great wisdom．Kane demanded attention, but not because of his mobility challenges or other apparent shortcomings．In his mind, he had no challenges or shortcomings．The truth is that he received attention because he was alive and real and had so much to offer．Kane was and still is a lot of warm and powerful energy sent to us all, so we might learn that love surpasses （超越，胜过）all things．Kane, a fragile（虚弱的）yet lovely baby, was here to teach us all an important lesson．And at the age of two he did just that．66．How did the author think of Kane’s family members?A．They were strange because they locked Kane at home．B．It was respectable for them to start their own business．C．It was ridiculous for them to make a cart for Kane．D．They were greatly brave to face all the difficulties．67．How did Kane “get to” everywhere he wanted to go?A．By moving his cart with his own hands．B．By asking his father to lead him ahead with a stick．C．By asking his grandparents to push him everywhere．D．His parents specially employed a babysitter for him．68．According to the author, God made Kane with disability to help _______．A．his parents get to know their responsibilityB．his family members know the importance of unionC．people especially the healthy realize what love really meansD．people especially the disabled realize their inner power69．Kane needed attention because he wanted to show ________．A．he can challenge his difficulty in movingB．he had challenges or shortcomings in his lifeC．he himself needed to be looked after by othersD．he had the power to prove he was capable too70．What can we learn from Kane’s story?A．Love me, love my dog．B．Love is above all things．C．Many hands make light work．D．Pure gold fears no fire．Section B(10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.ADHD stands for a condition called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(多动症). Most kids with ADHD have problems concentrating and paying attention. Some also might have trouble sitting still in class and waiting for their turn. They might speak out the answers in a loud voice before otherkids have a chance to raise their hands. They might have trouble finishing schoolwork. They also can become worried, angry, and sad. So kids need to know that ADHD is a medical problem that can be treated.When parents and teachers doubt that a kid has ADHD, the first step is to visit a doctor, who will prescribe(开处方) medicine for the kid to have better control of their behavior. A therapist(治疗师) also can help. Therapists work with kids and their parents to come up with a plan. They’ll give them ideas about how to make changes at home that will be helpful for the kid with ADHD.If needed, they can help kids learn to build better friendships. Besides, a therapist may recommend relaxation therapy, in which therapists teach kids how to relax and stay calm by doing deep-breathing exercises.If a kid has ADHD, his or her parents may want to let the teachers know. Why? Because the kid can get extra help with school work, if needed. The school may set up a plan so that things can go more smoothly at school, like giving the kids extra time to complete work.In a word, to make kids who have ADHD have normal and happy lives, the parents, teachers, therapists, and doctors should work together for the same goal.Part Ⅳ Writing (35 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according tothe information given in the passage.When trouble appears in a marriage, most people choose to simply walk away from the marriage. Because not many people have the qualities—selflessness, responsibility, commitment, loyalty—that a marriage requires any more. So you should first be congratulated on trying to do something to save your marriage, like I did.I believe my story is similar to yours. My husband’s interest and attraction in me had gradually gone away. I sensed a divorce coming—but still, when I heard it, I was completely shocked and I was doubtful about it. I immediately went wild with desperation since I didn’t want a divorce. I did my fair share of the wrong things—such as trying to talk him out of it, crying and then begging. Of course, those didn’t work.But today I am still with my husband and things couldn’t be better! So what made this change?[来源:学+科+It was a realization on my part that I wasn’t in the best state of mind to really come up with ways which really save a marriage. When you are desperate, your judgment is not clear and your mind is filled with intense emotions, which replace your rationality (合理性) and force you into doing the wrong things.To be able to change my fortunes, I changed my mindset (心态) first. And this is what you have to do. You have to quit the begging, cry or apologize mindset, and enter the careful, calm and considerate mindset. This is what saves marriages—not a “quick fix” that will repair everything overnight!1. How do most people deal with the problems in a marriage at the beginning?(no more than 7 words)_____________________________________2. List some good qualities that a good couple should have.(no more than 6 words)_____________________________________3. Why did the author go wild with desperation when she sensed a divorce coming?(no more than 7 words)_____________________________________4. What is the author’s secre t of saving her marriage?(no more than 10 words)_____________________________________Section B (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.你校的英语俱乐部将举办“我为自己感到自豪”的演讲比赛，请以“李华”的名义,用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括以下内容：1. 简单介绍自己的性格；2. 记述一件或两件引以自豪的事例；3. 自我认识。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二下学期末考试(2015年2月) 英语
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二下学期末考试英语试题时间：120分钟总分：150分PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A (1.5 x 15 = 22.5)Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 6 conversations between 2 speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by 3 choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11.Who took the photo?A.EllaB. Ella’s uncleC. Ella’s brother2.What do we know about Joe?A.He wears glassesB. He is younger than Ella.C. He is taller than Rick Conversation 23.What did the woman like doing before she was about ten?A.Playing computer gamesB.Climbing mountainsC.Snowboarding.4.What does th e woman’s father think of sailing?A.DangerousB. ExcitingC. ExpensiveConversation 35.Why did the woman go straight to the kitchen after she got home?A.She was very angryB.She heard a strange noise thereC.She wanted to make a cup of coffee6.What did the woman lose?A. A paintingB. A TV setC. Some moneyConversation 47.Where did the man find the earring?A.In the parkB. In the gardenC. In the yard8.How does the woman feel when she sees the earring?A.SadB. NervousC. Surprise9.What do we know about the earring?A.It was lost 13 years ago.B.It belonged to the woman’s mother.C.It was put into a box by the woman.Conversation 510.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.SchoolmatesB. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student11.What difficulty does the woman have studying at Oxford?A.Attending extra classesB.Doing a large amount of work.C.Getting used to the learning style12.What has the man been encouraged to do at school?A.Answer questionsB. Give opinions.C. Argue with teachers Conversation 613.How much did the man’s family pay to visit the museum?A.£15.50B. £10C. £614.What is the fourth floor of the museum about?A.ScienceB. MedicineC. Art15.When is the museum closed?A.On MondayB. On TuesdayC. On SundaySECTION B (1.5 x 5 = 7.5)Directions: In this section, you’11 hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS.You’ll hear the short passage TWICE.PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGESECTION A (1 x 15 = 15)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.21.______ is a best-known secret in success that get ready in much of our life and you may makethe most of the opportunity．A．What B．As C．It D．That22. According to statistics, a man is _________to die of skin cancer as a woman.A. more than twice as likelyB. twice more than as likelyC. as likely more than twiceD. twice more than likely as23. ----- I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn’t you drive him there?----- I would have. But my car ______.A. was fixedB. had fixedC. was being fixedD. had been fixed24. If there be a global nuclear war， life on the earth as we know it____end forever.A . will； will B. should； would C. were to； will D. is to； would25. Could you repeat your question, sir?Sure, but try not to let your mind in class, boy.A. wanderB. to wanderC. wanderingD. wandered26. ----- I’ve nothing on me except this ten-yuan note to donate, I’m afraid.----- Never mind. ______. We really appreciate your assistance.A. Every little helpsB. The more, the betterC. It’s better to give than to receiveD. No one is perfect27. The setting sun was reflected on the river, ________ everything along the banks ________ allthe more beautiful.A. to make; lookB. making; lookingC. making; to lookD. making; look28. Doctors have been researching _____ effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have____ us.A. what, onB. how, onC. what, toD. how, to29. By the time I rushed to the train station, the last train_________.A. has leftB. was being leftC. is leavingD. had left30. The pills can work more effectively after your dinner. You can have a try.A. when takingB. if takingC. when takeD. if taken31.______ the ea rly train, you’ll have to get up early and rush in a taxi.A. caughtB. catchingC. catchD. to catch32. No one in the department but Tom and I _________ that the director is going to resign.A. knowsB. am to knowC. knowD. have known33. Large quantities of natural resources ________ in 100 years or so.A. will use upB. have been used upC. will be used upD. had been used up34. Nowhere _________ the book mentioned in your text message here, my dear. You see, this istoo little a town.A. I can buyB. can I buyC. can’t I buyD. can I not buy35. I’ve made some good friends with several of those students in my school ________ I met inthe crosstalk show last month.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. whichSECTION B (1.5 x 12 = 18)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I can still remember clearly the phone call that changed my life. It was Tuesday, February 18. When the phone rang, I was in the kitchen. On the other line was Marty Banderas, a literary agent (著作经纪人), to whom I had sent a draft (草稿) of my novel three weeks earlier.“I have a couple of36 to ask you first.” Banderas said happily. “First, how old are you?”“48 years old,” I replied. “What’s up?”“No. No. Questions first, for your benefit. Now, are you in good 37 ?”“Yes, I’m very well, excellent now… What’s this about? Tell me, please!”“Ok. No more questions. Listen. I’ve sold your38 for one and a half million dollars.”I sat down in great 39 . I couldn’t believe my ears! Yes, it was indeed a pleasant surprise! I had written fourteen novels in the past twenty years, but each one had been rejected by the publishers. I suppose many people would have been 40 by so many failures, but not me. Each time, I just got down to writing another one. My husband advised me to find something else to do, but I refused to give up.Seeing this book 41 was the best thing that had ever happened to me. It was a mystery story (like all the other novels) and it was on the best-seller list only two weeks after publication!I got my first lesson in 42 telling from my grandmother when I was very young. After I wrote something, she would read my stories and would gave me a love of words. She sparked (激发) my 43 and she has been a lasting influence on me. I always had stories running through my 44 and as soon as I thought of something, I 45 it down on paper.I married young and I have three children now, but I have never stopped writing. I often 46 novels between changing the diapers (婴儿的尿布) and washing dishes.I’m writing another novel now. Yes, that 47 has changed my life.36. A. novels B. things C. questions D. problems37. A. wealth B. health C. surprise D. order38. A. novel B. book C. house D. draft39. A. need B. sadness C. time D. surprise40. A. interested B. encouraged C. discouraged D. excited41. A. written B. published C. rejected D. rewritten42. A. story B. writing C. novel D. study43. A. happiness B. efforts C. novels D. imagination44. A. mind B. mouth C. voice D. work45. A. turned B. put C. broke D. sat46. A. sell B. read C. develop D. translate47. A. accident B. trouble C. failure D. successSECTION C (1.5 x 8 = 12)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with ONLY ONE WORD that best fits the context.Considered as a virtue, honesty is admired in every country and every culture.48._______, there are still some dishonest people living in this world. Some businessmen are not always honest in their dealings. Some students 49._______ caught cheating in a test. Some newspapers carry some untrue news just in order to attract 50._______ readers.Actually, being dishonest is generally regarded 51 a bad behavior, which is looked down upon by the society. But being 52._______ honest person, we can benefit a lot. 53. _______, we can have s peaceful life, for we will not feel ashamed of telling lies. Second, we can be trusted by other people, 54._______ will do good to our lives.I do believe honesty is a virtue which is the very key 55._______ the door of success.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Section A(30)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ABelieve it or not, going to school is not a legal(法定的) requirement in the United States. It is a legal requirement that all kids be educated, though. When parents believe they can give their kids a better education--- or have other reasons for not wanting to send their kids to a local school --- they may choose home schooling.However, if a kid hates school, home schooling is probably not the escape he is looking for. Home schooled students can learn just as much as they would in regular school if they and their parents work hard to cover all the subjects and experiences necessary. Parents who home school usually have higher levels of education than parents who do not. They already have the skills to educate themselves about teaching their kids.Parents who home school have to be able to put the time and skill into not just teaching, but also researching lesson plans and resources(资源). So they have to know how to find the information necessary to teach their kids. State schools often provide home-schooling parents with a curriculum(课程), books and materials and places to meet. Some state schools will point parents to other resources for brushing up on forgotten subjects. Or parents may receive continuing education at local colleges or universities.56. According to American law, _______________.A. all kids shall go to schoolB. all kids must receive educationC. home schooling parents shall receive continuing educationD. state schools must give support to home-schooling parents57. According to the text, most home-schooling parents________________.A. are short of moneyB. dislike schoolsC. used to work as teachersD. are well-educated58. Which of the following is NOT true about parents who home school?A. They should have enough time.B. They should have some skills in teaching.C. They must receive special curriculums at the university.D. They have to be able to know lesson plans and resources.59. The underlined phrase “brushing up on” in the last paragraph can best be replaced by _____.A. reviewingB. changingC. choosingD. discussing60. What can be inferred from the text?A. Home schooled kids learn fewer.B. Home schooled kids spend less time studying.C. Being a home-schooling parent needs a lot of effort.D. Home schooling will replaced school education.BAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table. I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman aske d: “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied, “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed”, that is, in low sprits, until we were in high school.Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?Human development is based not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation（揭示）machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures. Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.61. According to the author, feeling depressed is________.A. a sure sign of a mental problem in a childB. a mental state present in all humans, including childrenC. something that cannot be avoided in children’s mental developmentD. something hardly to be expected in a young child62. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world________.A. through connection with societyB. gradually and under guidanceC. naturally without being taughtD. through watching television63. According to the author, that today’s children seem adultlike results from ________.A. the widespread influence of televisionB. the poor arrangement of teaching contentC. the fast pace of human scientific developmentD. the rising standard of living64. What does the author think of communication through print for children?A. It enables children to gain more social information.B. It develops children’s interest in reading and writing.C. It helps children to read and write well.D. It can control what children are to learn.65. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?A. He feels their adultlike behavior is so funnyB. He thinks the change worthy of note.C. He considers it a rapid development.D. He seems to be upset about it.CRecently I came in contact with the true meaning of love．That would have been, Kane, a boy．Kane was the two-year-old son of Jolene, my new neighbor．At a glance Kane was a sight．He’d been born with hard sticks for legs．And on that morning I witnessed the effect that Kane’s physical shortcomings had on his family．But I also witnessed much more than that．I saw an extraordinary family that embraced this special child．A family that wouldn’t allow Kane to know he was different．Jolene had constructed a small cart just a few inches off the floor for his son to get around．Using his hands to move about, Kane moved the cart to “go to” any place just as everyone else was able to do．Kane worked that little cart like a master．Kane was a vital focus of the entire family．He was more than just a member of the family; he was the soul．This child was the driver, the motivator(让人积极进取的人), and the founder of much of the interaction．Much later in my life, I came to realize that God had sent this child to help some of us who just weren’t getting what love was all about．Even with my limited capacity for understanding at the time that Kane was a highly developed spirit with great wisdom．Kane demanded attention, but not because of his mobility challenges or other apparent shortcomings．In his mind, he had no challenges or shortcomings．The truth is that he received attention because he was alive and real and had so much to offer．Kane was and still is a lot of warm and powerful energy sent to us all, so we might learn that love surpasses （超越，胜过）all things．Kane, a fragile（虚弱的）yet lovely baby, was here to teach us all an important lesson．And at the age of two he did just that．66．How did the author think of Kane’s family members?A．They were strange because they locked Kane at home．B．It was respectable for them to start their own business．C．It was ridiculous for them to make a cart for Kane．D．They were greatly brave to face all the difficulties．67．How did Kane “get to” everywhere he wanted to go?A．By moving his cart with his own hands．B．By asking his father to lead him ahead with a stick．C．By asking his grandparents to push him everywhere．D．His parents specially employed a babysitter for him．68．According to the author, God made Kane with disability to help _______．A．his parents get to know their responsibilityB．his family members know the importance of unionC．people especially the healthy realize what love really meansD．people especially the disabled realize their inner power69．Kane needed attention because he wanted to show ________．A．he can challenge his difficulty in movingB．he had challenges or shortcomings in his lifeC．he himself needed to be looked after by othersD．he had the power to prove he was capable too70．What can we learn from Kane’s story?A．Love me, love my dog．B．Love is above all things．C．Many hands make light work．D．Pure gold fears no fire．Section B(10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.ADHD stands for a condition called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(多动症). Most kids with ADHD have problems concentrating and paying attention. Some also might have trouble sitting still in class and waiting for their turn. They might speak out the answers in a loud voice before other kids have a chance to raise their hands. They might have trouble finishing schoolwork. They also can become worried, angry, and sad. So kids need to know that ADHD is a medical problem that can be treated.When parents and teachers doubt that a kid has ADHD, the first step is to visit a doctor, who will prescribe(开处方) medicine for the kid to have better control of their behavior. A therapist(治疗师) also can help. Therapists work with kids and their parents to come up with a plan. They’ll give them ideas about how to make changes at home that will be helpful for the kid with ADHD.If needed, they can help kids learn to build better friendships. Besides, a therapist may recommend relaxation therapy, in which therapists teach kids how to relax and stay calm by doing deep-breathing exercises.If a kid has ADHD, his or her parents may want to let the teachers know. Why? Because the kid can get extra help with school work, if needed. The school may set up a plan so that things can go more smoothly at school, like giving the kids extra time to complete work.In a word, to make kids who have ADHD have normal and happy lives, the parents, teachers, therapists, and doctors should work together for the same goal.Part Ⅳ Writing (35 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.When trouble appears in a marriage, most people choose to simply walk away from the marriage. Because not many people have the qualities—selflessness, responsibility, commitment, loyalty—that a marriage requires any more. So you should first be congratulated on trying to do something to save your marriage, like I did.I believe my story is similar to yours. My husband’s interest and attraction in me had gradually gone away. I sensed a divorce coming—but still, when I heard it, I was completely shocked and I was doubtful about it. I immediately wen t wild with desperation since I didn’t want a divorce. I did my fair share of the wrong things—such as trying to talk him out of it, crying and then begging. Of course, those didn’t work.But today I am still with my husband and things couldn’t be better! So what made this change?[来源:学+科+It was a realization on my part that I wasn’t in the best state of mind to really come up with ways which really save a marriage. When you are desperate, your judgment is not clear and your mind is filled with intense emotions, which replace your rationality (合理性) and force you into doing the wrong things.To be able to change my fortunes, I changed my mindset (心态) first. And this is what you have to do. You have to quit the begging, cry or apologize mindset, and enter the careful, calm and considerate mindset. This is what saves marriages—not a “quick fix” that will repair everything overnight!1. How do most people deal with the problems in a marriage at the beginning?(no more than 7 words)_____________________________________2. List some good qualities that a good couple should have.(no more than 6 words)_____________________________________3. Why did the author go wild with desperation when she sensed a divorce coming?(no more than 7 words)_____________________________________4. What is the author’s secret of saving her marriage?(no more than 10 words)_____________________________________Section B (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.你校的英语俱乐部将举办“我为自己感到自豪”的演讲比赛，请以“李华”的名义,用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括以下内容：1. 简单介绍自己的性格；2. 记述一件或两件引以自豪的事例；3. 自我认识。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试(2015年2月) 历史(文)
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试文科历史试题时量：90分钟总分：100分第Ⅰ卷选择题选择题（本大题共30小题。
每小题2分，共计60分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
）1.春秋战国时期一思想家认为：“今夫天下之人牧，未有不嗜杀人者也。
如有不嗜杀人者，则天下之民皆引颈而望之矣！诚如是也，民归之，由水之就下，沛然谁能御之？”该思想家的核心观点应是A．清静无为 B．仁政治国 C．兼爱非攻 D．以德治民2.《全球通史》在论述中国诸子百家思想主张时说：“他们认为贵族的存在已不合时宜，要用国家的军事力量予以清除；而人民群众则需被强迫从事生产劳动。
他们把商人和学者看作可有可无或多余的人，因此不可宽容待之。
”下列观点与文中“他们”同属一个派别的是 A．圣人不期修古，不法常可 B.天地不仁，以万物为刍狗 C．君子有三畏：畏天命,畏大人,畏圣人之言 D.自贵且智者为政乎愚且贱者则治3．董仲舒说：“国家将有失败之道，而天乃先出灾害以谴告之。
不知自省，又出怪异以警惧之。
尚不知变，而伤败乃至。
以此见天心之仁爱人君而欲止其乱也。
”这表明董仲舒①宣扬“天人感应”学说②继承了荀子的“天行有常”思想③要求君主施行仁政④认为君主的地位不是神圣不可侵犯的A．①② B．②④ C．①③ D．③④4.英国学者李约瑟在《中国科学技术史》中指出：“儒家思想基本上是重理性的，（它）反对任何迷信以至超自然的宗教。
”对这句话中的“理性”的理解最贴切的是A. 儒家思想始终排斥佛教道教思想B.儒家崇尚理性而讲求民主民权C.儒家重视自然科学和自然规律D.儒家关注人事人伦而敬远鬼神5.朱熹在《漳州劝农文》中说：“请诸父老，常为解说，使后生弟子，知所遵守，去恶从善，取是舍非，爱惜体肤，保守家业。
”在此，朱熹A．教诲后生弟子遵从三纲五常 B. 劝导百姓遵循一种“理性”的社会秩序C．告诫乡亲去恶从善以“慎思明辨” D．灌输以农兴业思想以存“天理”6.有学者认为“16至17世纪的中国，新的经济形态还十分微弱、脆嫩。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试(2015年2月)数学(理)含答案
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试理科数学试题时量 120分钟 满分 150分选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共5分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1.命题“对任意x R ∈,都有20x ≥”的否定为_________.A ．对任意x R ∈,都有20x <B ．不存在x R ∈,都有20x <C ．存在0x R ∈,使得200x ≥D ．存在0x R ∈,使得200x <2.“22a b >”是“lg lg a b >”的__________. A ．充分不必要条件 B ． 必要不充分条件C ．充要条件D ． 既不充分也不必要条件3.在复平面内,复数21iz i=+(i 为虚数单位)的共轭复数对应的点位于_________. A ．第一象限 B ．第二象限 C ．第三象限 D ．第四象限 4.为了研究高中学生对乡村音乐的态度(喜欢和不喜欢两种态度)与性别的关系， 运用2×2列联表进行独立性检验，经计算K 2＝8.01，则认为“喜欢乡村音乐与5. 定积分1(2)x x e dx +⎰的值为__________..2A e + .1B e + .C e .1D e -6.已知随机变量ξ服从正态分布()2,2σN ，且()8.04=<ξP ，则()=<<20ξP _______.A. 6.0 B . 4.0 C. 3.0 D. 2.07. 某地区空气质量监测资料表明，一天的空气质量为优良的概率是0.75，连续 两天为优良的概率是0.6，已知某天的空气质量为优良，则随后一天的空气质量 为优良的概率是_______.A. 0.8B. 0.75C. 0.6D. 0.458.将5名同学分到甲、乙、丙三个小组，若甲组至少两人，乙、丙两组每组 至少一人，则不同的分配方案共有__________种.A 、80种B 、120种C 、140种D 、50种9. 抛物线2:2(0)C y px p =>的焦点为F ，M 是抛物线C 上的点，若△OFM 的外接圆与抛物线C 的准线相切，且该圆面积为36π，则________.p = A ． 2 B ． 4C ． 6D ． 810.若1201x x <<<，则__________.A ．2121ln ln x x e e x x ->-B ．2121ln ln x x e e x x -<-C ．1221x x x e x e >D ．1221x x x e x e <二、填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分。
【生物】湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试理科生物试题（时量：90分钟，总分100分）一、单项选择题（请将答案填涂在答题卡上本项共30小题，每题2分，共60分。
每题只有一个选项最符合题意）1．下列关于人体内环境的叙述中，正确的是A．毛细血管壁细胞的具体内环境是血浆和淋巴B．甲状腺激素、葡萄糖、氧均可以存在于内环境中C．血浆中的蛋白质都可以透过毛细血管壁到达组织液中D．体内细胞只要通过内环境就可以与外界环境进行物质交换2. 下列有关内环境的说法中不正确的是A.内环境中含量最多的成分是蛋白质B.血浆渗透压的大小主要与无机盐和蛋白质的含量有关C.正常人血浆的pH在7.35～7.45之间，与内环境中含有HCO3－、HPO42－等离子有关D.人体细胞外液的温度一般维持在37℃左右，即人体的正常体温3．内环境稳态是维持机体正常生命活动的必要条件，下列叙述错误的是A.内环境保持相对稳定有利于机体适应外界环境的变化B.内环境稳态有利于新陈代谢过程中酶促反应的正常进行C.维持内环境中Na+、K+浓度的相对稳定有利于维持神经细胞的正常兴奋性D.内环境中发生的丙酮酸氧化分解给细胞提供能量，有利于生命活动的进行4．下图是兴奋在神经纤维上产生、传导示意图。
下列说法与图示相符的是A.图中兴奋部位是B和CB.图中弧线最可能表示局部电流方向C.图中兴奋传导方向是C→A→BD.兴奋传导方向与膜外电流方向一致5．某种药物可以阻断蟾蜍屈肌反射活动。
下图为该反射弧的模式图，A、B为神经纤维上的实验位点，C为突触间隙。
下列实验结果中，能够证明这种药物“在神经系统中仅对神经细胞间的兴奋传递有阻断作用”的是①将药物放在A，刺激B，肌肉收缩②将药物放在B，刺激A，肌肉收缩③将药物放在C，刺激B，肌肉不收缩④将药物放在C，刺激A，肌肉收缩A．①③B．②③ C．①④ D．②④源:6. 下列关于神经兴奋的叙述,正确的是A. 神经元受到刺激时,贮存于突触小泡内的神经递质就会释放出来B. 神经递质与突触后膜上的受体结合,也可能抑制下一神经元C. 兴奋在反射弧中的传导是双向的D. 神经元细胞膜外 Na+的内流是形成静息电位的基础7．提倡一对夫妇只生一个孩子,从种群特征看,这种措施直接调节A.种群密度B.性别比例C.出生率D.年龄组成8．关于人体神经调节和体液调节的叙述，错误的是A．反射弧是神经调节的结构基础B．体温受到神经和体液的双重调节C．甲状腺激素不能影响神经系统的活动D．垂体分泌促甲状腺激素受下丘脑调控9．关于人体激素的叙述，错误的是A．激素在人体内作为信息物而发挥作用B．激素在人体内含量较低，但有高效的生物催化作用C．甲状腺激素除了促进人体产热，还有其他生理效应D．正常人体内，激素的分泌受反馈调节10．下丘脑在人体生命活动过程中有重要的作用，下列分析不正确的是A．a引起下丘脑分泌①促甲状腺激素释放激素B．b引起下丘脑分泌②抗利尿激素C．c引起下丘脑分泌③胰高血糖素D．d引起下丘脑产生④电位变化11．.下列有关促胰液素发现史的叙述，不正确的是A．B．促胰液素是人们发现的第一种激素，是由胰腺分泌的C．斯他林和贝利斯在沃泰默研究基础上，勇于向权威观点挑战，大胆质疑与创新是成功的关键D．促胰液素是由小肠黏膜分泌的，作用于胰腺，促进胰腺分泌胰液12．下图能正确反映人体内促甲状腺激素（TSH）与甲状腺激素（TH）含量变化的是13．在气候条件适宜的情况下，弃耕的农田经若干年后能演替成森林。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二化学下学期末考试试题(理)
.位号益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试理科化学试题时量：90分钟总分：100分第I卷选择题（共54分）一、选择题（每小题3分，共54分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．现有三组混合液：(1)乙酸乙酯和乙酸钠；(2)乙醇和丁醇；(3)溴化钠和单质溴的水溶液，分离以上各混合液的正确方法依次是()A．分液、萃取、蒸馏B．萃取、分液、蒸馏C．萃取、蒸馏、分液D．分液、蒸馏、萃取2.符合下面核磁共振氢谱图的有机物是()A．CH3COOCH2CH3 B．CH3CH===CHCH3 C．CH3CH2CH3 D．CH3CHOHCH33．下列有关说法不正确的是()A．反应NH3(g)＋HCl(g)= NH4Cl(s)在室温下可自发进行，则该反应的ΔH<0B．CaCO3(s)= CaO(s)＋CO2(g)室温下不能自发进行，说明该反应的ΔH<0C．一定温度下，反应MgCl2(l)= Mg(l)＋Cl2(g)的ΔH>0，ΔS>0D．常温下，反应C(s) ＋CO2(g)= 2CO(g)不能自发进行，则该反应的ΔH＞04．在一定条件下，动植物油脂与醇反应可制备生物柴油，化学方程式如下：下列叙述错误的是()A．生物柴油由可再生资源制得B．生物柴油是不同酯组成的混合物C．动植物油脂是高分子化合物D．“地沟油”可用于制备生物柴油5．在一支25 mL的酸式滴定管中盛入0.1 mol/L的盐酸，其液面恰好在5 mL刻度处，若把滴定管中的溶液全部放入烧杯中，然后以0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液进行中和，则所需NaOH溶液的体积是()A.大于20 mLB.小于20 mLC.等于20 mLD.等于5 mL6．某温度下，向pH＝6的蒸馏水中加入NaHSO4晶体，保持温度不变，测得溶液的pH为2。
下列对该溶液的叙述中，不正确的是()A.该温度高于25 ℃B.由水电离出来的H＋的浓度是1.0×10－10 mol/LC.加入NaHSO4晶体抑制了水的电离D.该温度下加入等体积pH＝12的NaOH溶液可使该溶液恰好呈中性7．如图所示为实验室制取少量乙酸乙酯的装置图。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二下学期末考试(2015年2月) 历史(理) Word版含答案
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试理科历史试题时量：60分钟总分：100分第Ⅰ卷选择题一、选择题（本大题共30小题。
每小题2分，共计60分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
）1.春秋战国时期能够形成“百家争鸣”局面的根本原因在于A．社会经济政治发生了重大的变化 B．国家处于分裂状态C．“学在官府”发展为“学在民间” D．诸子百家逐渐形成2.《韩非子》载：“凡治天下，必因人情。
人情有好恶，故赏罚可用，故禁令可立，而治道具矣。
”由此可见，韩非认为“治天下”应重在依靠A．人情关系 B．法制建设 C．礼乐秩序 D．伦理道德3.汉武帝时代，儒学逐渐被统治者确立正统思想。
儒学教育官方化和制度化标志是A．私学的开创 B．百家争鸣的出现 C．太学的创建 D．理学的兴起4.有人认为，中国古代君主专制理论由先秦法家奠定，经汉朝儒生发展而成。
这两个阶段的代表人物分别是A．荀子、董仲舒 B．荀子、孟子 C．商鞅、孟子 D．韩非子、董仲舒5.董仲舒在《春秋繁露》中说：“王者配天，谓其道。
天有四时，王有四政，四政若四时，通类也。
”这句话反映的是A．“大一统”理论 B．“罢黜百家” C．“天人感应”D．“仁政”思想6.理学思想的核心是A．“天理” B．“仁” C．三教合一 D．“罢黜百家，独尊儒术7.《四库全书总目提要》称某人的著述“狂悖乖谬，非圣无法”，“排击孔子，别立褒贬”。
这里的“某人”是指A．李贽 B．黄宗羲 C．顾炎武 D．王夫之8.李贽对儒家思想进行了批判，以下对其思想的评述，正确的是A．认可“存天理，灭人欲” B．反对以孔子的是非为是非C．主张“天下为主，君为客” D．强调“经世致用”的思想9.明末清初的进步思想家提倡将学术研究与社会现实相结合，由此而形成的思想是A．经世致用 B．工商皆本 C．唯物主义思想 D．重农抑商10.“以其对策，开创了儒家伦理政治理论步入政治殿堂的历史。
”这一论断评价是A．孟子“仁政”学说 B．荀子礼法并施主张 C．董仲舒新儒学 D．程朱理学11.有学者说，万物的存在与否，事物的形态性质，全在于人的感受。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二下学期末考试(2015年2月) 地理(文) Word版含答案
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试文科地理试题时量：90分钟总分：100分一、单项选择题（2分*30=60分）抚养比是指非劳动力人口数与劳动力人口数之间的比率。
老年抚养比= (65岁以上人口数/15～64岁人口数) ×100%；少年抚养比=(0～14岁少年儿童人口数∕15～64岁人口数)×100%。
“人口红利期”是指随着生育率的下降和总人口中劳动适龄人口比重的上升，形成了一个劳动力资源相对丰富、人口抚养负担相对较轻的时期。
图为我国不同年龄段人口比例随时间变化图，读图完成1～2题1．在最大人口红利期，老年抚养比、少年抚养比大约是A．16.6％，20％B．11.4％，31.4％C．12.7％，22.2％D．25.3％，19.9％2．下列哪些措施，可能使我国人口红利期在一定阶段内适度延长①“单独”二胎政策（一方为独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子）②完善养老保障体制③渐进式延迟退休年龄政策④加大青少年教育投入A．①②B．①③C．②③D．①④“中国烟草大王”褚时健，2002年开始在云南哀牢山承包荒地种橙。
本来生活网对哀牢山橙园的介绍：干热的河谷气候，2000小时年日照量，1200毫米年降水量，充足的日照和最佳的温差使甜橙充分积累糖分，达到24:1的黄金酸甜比。
修建20个小水坝，8个蓄水池从国家森林公园石缝中取水灌溉，独创的有机肥，240多人专职修枝剪枝，经过11年辛苦劳作，2012年11月，被称为“褚橙”的“云冠”牌冰糖橙，通过电商平台本来生活网进军北京市场，全程冷链配送，销售异常火爆。
完成3～4题3．2014年11月2日“褚橙”在本来生活网开始火爆预售。
预售褚橙每箱2．5kg，按果径大小分为两类，热血版（L型）76元，理想版（XL型）86元。
褚橙价格高，销售火爆的原因有①生产成本高②机械化水平高③品质好，品牌营销策略好④电商平台，运输成本高A．①②B．①④C．①③D．②④4．物流配送期间，对褚橙物流过程实现全程查询所用到的地理信息技术是A．GPS B．GIS C．RS D．数字地球饱含碳酸氢钙的地下水溢出地表，沿斜坡漫流时，遇到地表凸起部位，水流翻越阻隔流速加快，水体变薄，水中的二氧化碳逸出，在凸起部位发生碳酸钙淀积，形成“边石坝”。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试试卷(2015年2月)物理(文)Word版含答案
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试文科物理试题一、本题共20小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项．．．．．．是符合题意的。
（每小题3分，共60分）1.生活中我们常用一些成语来描述物体的运动，下列成语中描述距离的是 A.风驰电掣 B.疾如雷电 C.一箭之遥 D.蜗行牛步2.在力学范围内，国际单位制规定的三个基本量是 A.长度、力、时间 B.速度、力、质量 C.加速度、速度、长度 D.长度、质量、时间3．上图是某辆汽车的速度表. 汽车启动后经过20 s ，速度表的指针指在如图所示的位置. 由表可知A ．此时汽车的瞬时速度是90 km/hB ．此时汽车的瞬时速度是90 m/sC ．启动后20 s 内汽车的平均速度是90 km/hD ．启动后20 s 内汽车的平均速度是90 m/s4．一个质点沿直线运动，其速度图象如图所示. 则质点 A ．在0 ~ 10 s 内做匀速直线运动 B ．在0 ~ 10 s 内做匀加速直线运动 C ．在10 s ~ 40 s 内做匀加速直线运动 D ．在10 s ~ 40 s 内保持静止5．人站在电梯中随电梯一起运动．下列过程中，人处于“超重”状态的是 A ．电梯加速上升 B ．电梯加速下降 C ．电梯匀速上升D ．电梯匀速下降6．一石块从楼顶自由落下. 不计空气阻力，取g = 10 m/s 2. 石块在下落过程中，第1.0s 末速度的大小为A ．5.0 m/sB ．10 m/sC ．15 m/sD ．20 m/s7．如图所示，一个物块在与水平方向成α角的恒力F 作用下，沿水平面向右运动一段v/(ms -1)10距离x. 在此过程中，恒力F 对物块所做的功为A ．αsin FxB ．αcos FxC ．Fxsin αD ．Fxcos α8．“嫦娥一号”探月卫星的质量为m ，当它的速度为v 时，它的动能为A ．mvB ．mv 21C ．mv 2D ．221mv9．在不考虑空气阻力的情况下，下列物体中做平抛运动的是 A ．竖直下落的篮球B ．水平击出的排球C ．斜向上踢出的足球D ．从桌面上弹起的乒乓球10．我国于2010年3月5日成功发射了“遥感卫星九号”，在绕地球运行的过程中，该卫星受到地球引力的大小 A ．只与地球的质量有关B ．只与卫星的质量有关C ．与地球和卫星的质量均有关D ．与地球和卫星的质量均无关11．在电梯加速上升的过程中，站在电梯里的人A ．所受支持力做正功，机械能增加B ．所受支持力做正功，机械能减少C ．所受支持力做负功，机械能增加D ．所受支持力做负功，机械能减少12．真空中有两个静止的点电荷，若保持它们之间的距离不变，而把它们的电荷量都变为原来的2倍，则两电荷间的库仑力将变为原来的A ．2倍B ．4倍C ．8倍D ．16倍13．如图所示，匀强磁场的磁感应强度为B ，通电直导线与磁场方向垂直，导线长度为L ，导线中电流为I. 该导线所受安培力的大小F 是A ．B IL F =B ．IBL F = C ．BIL F = D ．L BI F = 14．某电场的电场线如图所示，电场中的A 、B 两点的场强大小分别为E A 和E B ，由图可知A ．E A ＜EB B ．E A ＝E BC ．E A ＞E BD ．无法比较E A 和E B 的大小15．有a 、b 、c 、d 四个小磁针，分别放置在通电螺线管的附近和内部.当小磁针静止时，小磁针指向如图所示，其中是正确的A ．aB ．bC ．cD ．dBN16．下列家用电器中主要利用了电流热效应的是 A ．电视机 B ．洗衣机 C ．电话机 D ．电饭煲17．面积是S 的矩形导线框，放在磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中，当线框平面与磁场方向垂直时，穿过导线框所围面积的磁通量为A ．B S B ．S BC ．BSD ．018．功率相同的下列四种用电器，分别接入家庭电路中，在相同的时间内，通过它们的电流产生的热量最多的是A.电烙铁 B ．电风扇 C.电视机 D ．洗衣机19．关于磁场，以下说法正确的是A.电流在磁场中某点不受磁场力作用，则该点的磁感强度一定为零B.磁场中某点的磁感强度，由公式B=F/IL 可知，它跟F 、I 、L 都有关C.磁场中某点的磁感强度的方向垂直于该点的磁场方向D.磁场中任一点的磁感强度等于磁通密度，即垂直磁感强度方向的单位面积的磁通量20．用遥控器调换电视机频道的过程，实际上就是传感器把光信号转化为电信号的过程。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试试卷(2015年2月) 语文 Word版含答案
资料概述与简介 益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试 语文试题 座位号 一、语言文字运用（18分。
每小题3分） 1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是 A．? 懵懂(měng)? 朱拓（tà）威吓（xià）璀璨夺目（cuǐ） B．聒噪（guō）?汲取（xī）? 忖度（cǔn）畏葸（xǐ）生死未卜（bǔ）C．黏液（zhān）?嬉闹（xī）?广袤（mào）? 湮没（yān）浑身解数（xiè）D．栅栏(zhà)?饿莩（piǎo）? 伛偻（g ōu）? 鞭笞（chī）锲而不舍（qiè）2.下列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是 A踯躅决择? 燎沉香 ? 哀声叹气 B碣石寂廖? 吊角楼? 钩心斗角C．弥望尺牍? 连理枝 ? D．荞木痼疾? 盆浦口 ? 情礼难容依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是 ? ①某些旅行社虽然收费“明码标价”，但遇到老年人报名参团时，却要加收一定费用，这种_______歧视老年人的做法令人愤慨。
? ②很多患者一有炎症就用抗生素，殊不知，这种______抗生素的做法会使病菌逐渐具有免疫力，一旦再次感染将更加难以治疗。
? ③在市场竞争中，我国自主汽车品牌必须以技术为依托，走出山寨阴影，_______形成品牌价值，这样才能找到牢固的立足之地。
? A．公开? 滥用? 从而? B．公然? 滥用? 进而 ? C．公然? 乱用? 从而? D．公开? 乱用? 进而下列选项中没有语病的一项是 ? A．大炮仿佛瞥见了他，根本不屑把身子转过来，就用一种劈斧似的速度向后倒退，朝汉子冲过来。
? B．当上级领导把这项任务交给我们时，我们有一种既光荣又自豪的感觉是无法用语言形容的。
? C．素芭尽管对它们施以的友情并不是一样的，但它们对素芭都相当亲热，都十分依恋。
? D．他们用数字来表明他们的精明能干为乐事，一些毫无意义的空洞的数字使他们陶醉。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学高二物理下学期末考试试题 理
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试理科物理试题一、选择题(每题4分，共52分。
)1．把一根导线平行地放在如图所示磁针的上方附近，当导线中有电流时，磁针会发生偏转。
首先观察到这个实验现象的物理学家是A．奥斯特B．法拉第C．安培D．特斯拉2．如图所示，为正电荷Ｑ产生的电场，Ａ、Ｂ是电场中的两点，将电荷量为q=5×10－8C的正点电荷（试探电荷）置于Ａ点，所受电场力为2×10－3N，则下列判断正确的是Ａ．将点电荷ｑ从Ａ点移走，则该点的电场强度为零Ｂ．将电荷量为q的负点电荷放于A点，A点场强大小为4×104N/C，方向由A指向正电荷ＱＣ．将电荷量为2q的正点电荷放于Ａ点，A点场强大小为8×104 N/C，方向由A指向ＢＤ．Ｂ点处的电场强度小于4×104N/C3．在验证楞次定律的实验中，竖直放置的线圈固定不动，将磁铁从线圈上方插入或拔出，线圈和电流表构成的闭合回路中就会产生感应电流。
下列各图中分别标出了磁铁的极性、磁铁相对线圈的运动方向以及线圈中产生的感应电流的方向等情况，其中正确的是( 多选)4.传感器可将非电学量转化为电学量,起自动控制作用.如计算机鼠标中有位移传感器,电熨斗、电饭煲中有温度传感器,电视机、录像机、影碟机、空调机中有光电传感器等.某位移传感器的工作原理如图所示,物体M在导轨上平移时,带动滑动变阻器的金属滑杆P,通过电压表显示的数据来反映物体位移x的大小.假设电压表是理想的,则下列说法正确的是A.物体M运动时,电源内的电流会发生变化B.物体M运动时,电压表的示数会发生变化C.物体M运动时,电路中没有电流D.物体M不动时,电压表没有示数5．某交流发电机中，矩形金属线圈在匀强磁场中匀速转动，产生的感应电动势与时间的关系如图所示.如果此线圈和一个R＝100Ω的电阻构成闭合电路,不计电路的其它电阻，下列说法中正确的是( 多选)A．交变电流的周期为0.04sB．电阻R两端的最大电压是1002VC．交变电流的有效值为1AD．交变电流的最大值为1A6．一个电压表由电流表G和电阻R串联而成，若使用中发现此电压的读数总比准确值稍小一些，采用下列哪种措施可能加以改进A．在R上串联一个比R小得多的电阻B．在R上串联一比R大得多的电阻C．在R上并联一比R小得多的电阻D．在R上并联一比R大得多的电阻7.如图电路中，滑动变阻器的滑片P向上端a滑动过程中，两表的示数情况为A.电压表示数增大，电流表示数减少B.电压表示数减少，电流表示数增大C.两电表示数都增大D.两电表示数都减少8.在变电站里，经常要用交流电表去监测电网上的强电流，所用的器材叫电流互感器．下图所示的四个图中，能正确反应其工作原理的是9．如图所示电路中，L是自感系数足够大的线圈，它的电阻可忽略不计，A和B是两个完全相同的小灯泡。
【化学】湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二(下)期末试卷(文科)
2014-2015学年湖南省益阳市箴言中学高二（下）期末化学试卷（文科）一、在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意．（每小题3分，共66分）1．2014北京马拉松比赛于10月19日上午鸣枪开跑，然而关于北京马拉松最热门的话题并非参赛人数、比赛结果，却是“雾霾”．19日上午，北京市的空气质量为严重污染级别．下列物质不计入“空气污染指数”的项目是（）A．二氧化硫 B．二氧化碳 C．二氧化氮 D．可吸入颗粒物2．在垃圾分类处理和利用的标志中，图属于（）A．厨余垃圾标志 B．危险废物标志 C．可回收物标志 D．其他垃圾标志3．下列变化属于化学变化的是（）A．蒸馏法分离酒精与水B．食物腐烂C．过滤除去水中的泥沙D．分液法分离四氯化碳与水4．绿色化学对于化学反应提出了“原子经济性”（原子节约）的新概念及要求，理想的原子经济性反应是原料分子中的原子全部转化成所需要的产物，不产生副产物，实现零排放．下列反应类型中完全符合要求的是（）A．分解反应 B．置换反应 C．复分解反应D．化合反应5．下列化合物中，属于盐的是（）A．CO B．MgCl2C．H2SO4D．KOH6．在反应Cu+2H2SO4（浓）CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O中，还原剂是（）A．Cu B．H2SO4C．CuSO4D．SO27．下列化学用语中，不正确的是（）A．氯离子结构示意图：B．HCl的电子式：C．H2O分子的结构式：H﹣O﹣H D．NaOH又名烧碱8．既能与盐酸反应，又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的物质是（）A．AlCl3B．NaAlO2C．Al（OH）3D．Na2CO39．人体胃酸的主要成分是盐酸．胃酸可助消化食物，但胃酸过多会损伤胃粘膜，使人感觉不适．抗酸药（又称抑酸剂）可以减少胃过过多的胃酸．下列物质不属于抗酸药的是（）A．阿司匹林（主要成分：）B．胃舒平[主要成分：Al（OH）3]C．碳酸氢钠片（主要成分：NaHCO3）D．胃得乐（主要成分：MgCO3）10．下列包装标识贴错了的是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D11．下列物质沉淀时的颜色正确的是（）A．CaCO3﹣﹣红棕色B．BaSO4﹣﹣灰绿色C．Al（OH）3﹣﹣白色D．AgCl﹣﹣蓝色12．下列各组离子，在溶液中可以大量共存的是（）A．H+、SO42﹣、CO32﹣、K+B．Fe3+、Na+、OH﹣、NO3﹣C．Mg2+、Al3+、Cl﹣、SO42﹣D．Na+、Cl﹣、OH﹣、NH4+13．钼可用于制导弹，钼的同位素Mo所含的中子数是（）A．42 B．47 C．52 D．9414．下列化学反应的离子方程式其中正确的是（）A．碳酸钙与盐酸反应：CO32﹣+2H+═CO2↑+H2OB．铜和硝酸银溶液反应：Cu+Ag+═Cu2++AgC．铁与氯化铁溶液反应：Fe+2Fe3+═3Fe2+D．氢氧化钡溶液与硫酸反应：Ba2++OH﹣+H++SO42﹣═BaSO4↓+H2O15．关于食物的酸碱性，下列说法正确的是（）A．食物溶于水后的溶液中pH小于7，则为成酸性食物B．由碳、氮、硫、磷等元素组成的蛋白质是成酸性食物C．蔬菜、水果多含钾、钠、钙、镁等盐类，习惯称为酸性食物D．柠檬酸是酸性食物16．下列物质中，易使皮肤（蛋白质）变黄的是（）A．浓盐酸B．浓硝酸C．氢氧化钠溶液 D．饱和食盐水17．热水瓶用久后，瓶胆内常附着一层水垢[主要成分为CaCO3与Mg（OH）2]．能用来清除水垢的是（）A．食醋 B．白酒 C．纯碱 D．食盐水18．下列物质中，不属于天然高分子化合物的是（）A．蛋白质B．淀粉 C．纤维素D．油脂19．控制变量法是化学实验的常用方法之一．下图实验探究影响反应速率的因素是（）A．浓度 B．温度 C．催化剂D．固体质量20．下列实验操作或装置正确的是（）A．稀释浓硫酸B．排水集气法收集NOC．分离水与酒精D．干燥氨气21．下列四个试管中发生如下反应：Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑，产生H2的反应速率最小的是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D22．甲～辛等元素在周期表中的位置如下表所示．下列说法不正确的是（）A．乙、丙、辛都是非金属元素B．甲、丁、戊的单质都是金属C．乙、庚、辛都能形成氧化物D．己的氧化物可与氢氧化钠反应二、本题包括3小题，共34分23．良好的生态环境可以提升生活质量．①以煤炭为主的能源结构易导致酸雨的形成，形成这类酸雨的气体是（填化学式）②综合利用“地沟油”的一种方法是将它水解以获取高级脂肪酸和（填名称）．24．人体健康与食品、药物等关系密切．①生活中应合理地摄取人体必需的元素，体内元素含量过高或过低，会引起甲状腺疾病．②维生素C是生命活动的重要物质．在氯化铁溶液中加入维生素C后，溶液由黄色转变为浅绿色，说明维生素C具有较强的性．25．常见金属A存在如下的转化关系（图中有些反应的产物和反应的条件没有全部标出），其中E为白色沉淀．请回答下列问题：（1）C的化学式为；D的化学式为；E的化学式为（2）反应②的化学方程式为．26．（1）下列物质中，不属于合金的是（选填字母）A．硬铝B．水银C．钢铁D．黄铜（2）钢铁是用量最大的合金．每年全球钢铁的腐蚀给人类带来了巨大损失．铁在潮湿的空气中锈蚀主要以腐蚀为主．请写出铁腐蚀时负极的方程式：（3）某温度下，化学反应A=2B+C 中反应物A的浓度在5s内从2.0mol•L﹣1减少到1.0mol•L ﹣1．在这段时间内，用B的浓度变化表示的平均反应速率为mol•L﹣1•s﹣1（4）在标况下，66g 二氧化碳所含的原子的物质的量为mol；气体体积为L．2014-2015学年湖南省益阳市箴言中学高二（下）期末化学试卷（文科）参考答案与试题解析一、在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意．（每小题3分，共66分）1．2014北京马拉松比赛于10月19日上午鸣枪开跑，然而关于北京马拉松最热门的话题并非参赛人数、比赛结果，却是“雾霾”．19日上午，北京市的空气质量为严重污染级别．下列物质不计入“空气污染指数”的项目是（）A．二氧化硫 B．二氧化碳 C．二氧化氮 D．可吸入颗粒物【考点】常见的生活环境的污染及治理．【分析】空气质量报告的主要内容包括：空气污染指数、首要污染物（包括可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮等气体）、空气质量级别、空气质量状况等；其中空气污染指数主要包括可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮等气体；【解答】解：空气污染指数主要包括可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮等气体，没有二氧化碳，故选：B；【点评】本题考查常见的环境污染物，并关注环境保护，题目难度不大．2．在垃圾分类处理和利用的标志中，图属于（）A．厨余垃圾标志 B．危险废物标志 C．可回收物标志 D．其他垃圾标志【考点】"三废"处理与环境保护．【专题】化学计算．【分析】垃圾可分为可回收垃圾、可堆肥垃圾、有害垃圾、其它垃圾等；结合各个标志所代表的含义进行分析判断．【解答】解：A．厨余垃圾标志位：，故A错误；B．危险废物标志，故B错误；C．可回收标志，故C正确；D．其他垃圾标志为：，故D错误；故选C．．【点评】本题以垃圾箱的标志为载体考查了垃圾的分类，难度不大，明确标志包含的意义是解本题的关键．3．下列变化属于化学变化的是（）A．蒸馏法分离酒精与水B．食物腐烂C．过滤除去水中的泥沙D．分液法分离四氯化碳与水【考点】物理变化与化学变化的区别与联系．【专题】物质的性质和变化专题．【分析】化学变化是有新物质生成的变化，物理变化是指没有新物质生成的变化，化学变化和物理变化的根本区别在于是否有新物质的生成．【解答】解：A．蒸馏法借助酒精和水的沸点差异实现了二者的分离，并没有新的物质生成，属于物理变化，故A错误；B．食物腐烂过程中生成了许多新的物质，属于化学变化，故B正确；C．过滤除去水中的泥沙过程中没有新物质生成，属于物理变化，故C错误；D．分液法分离四氯化碳与水，没有新的物质生活，属于物理变化，故D错误；故选B．【点评】本题考查了物质的变化，难度不大，明确化学变化和物理变化的根本区别在于是否有新物质的生成是解题的关键．4．绿色化学对于化学反应提出了“原子经济性”（原子节约）的新概念及要求，理想的原子经济性反应是原料分子中的原子全部转化成所需要的产物，不产生副产物，实现零排放．下列反应类型中完全符合要求的是（）A．分解反应 B．置换反应 C．复分解反应D．化合反应【考点】绿色化学．【分析】原子经济性反应是原料分子中的原子全部转化成所需要的产物，不产生副产物，实现零排放，化合反应符合要求．【解答】解：化合反应是两种或多种物质反应生成一种物质，则原料分子中的原子全部转化成所需要的产物，不产生副产物，原子利用率高达100%，符合“原子经济性”（原子节约）的新概念及要求；故选D．【点评】本题以绿色化学为载体，考查反应类型的特点，正确理解原子经济理念是解本题关键，难度不大．5．下列化合物中，属于盐的是（）A．CO B．MgCl2C．H2SO4D．KOH【考点】酸、碱、盐、氧化物的概念及其相互联系．【专题】物质的分类专题．【分析】盐是质能电离出金属阳离子和酸根阴离子的化合物，据此回答判断．【解答】解：A、CO属于氧化物，故A错误；B、MgCl2能电离出金属阳离子镁离子和酸根阴离子氯离子，属于盐，故B正确；C、属于酸，不是盐，故C错误；D、KOH属于碱不属于盐，故D错误．故选B．【点评】本题考查学生盐的概念以及物质的分类知识，注意概念的掌握是关键，难度中等．6．在反应Cu+2H2SO4（浓）CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O中，还原剂是（）A．Cu B．H2SO4C．CuSO4D．SO2【考点】氧化还原反应．【专题】氧化还原反应专题．【分析】反应中Cu元素化合价升高，S元素化合价降低，结合氧化还原反应的相关概念解答该题．【解答】解：在反应Cu+2H2SO4（浓）CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O中，Cu元素化合价升高，被氧化，Cu为还原剂，S元素化合价降低，被还原，H2SO4为氧化剂．故选A．【点评】本题考查氧化还原反应知识，为高考常见考点，侧重于学生的分析能力和基本概念的理解和应用的考查，注意把握元素化合价的变化，为解答该题的关键，难度不大．7．下列化学用语中，不正确的是（）A．氯离子结构示意图：B．HCl的电子式：C．H2O分子的结构式：H﹣O﹣H D．NaOH又名烧碱【考点】电子式、化学式或化学符号及名称的综合．【专题】化学用语专题．【分析】A．氯离子的核电荷数为17，核外电子总数为18；B．氯化氢为共价化合物，分子中含有1个H﹣Cl键；C．水分子中含有2个O﹣H键，用短线代替共用电子对较为结构式；D．氢氧化钠俗名烧碱、火碱、苛性钠．【解答】解：A．为氯原子结构示意图，氯离子的核电荷数为17，核外电子总数为18，最外层达到8电子稳定结构，氯离子正确的结构示意图为：，故A错误；B．氯化氢分子中存在1个氢氯键，氯原子最外层达到8个电子稳定结构，氯化氢的电子式为，故B正确；C．H2O分子中含有两个O﹣H键，其结构式为：H﹣O﹣H，故C正确；D．烧碱为氢氧化钠的俗名，氢氧化钠又名火碱、苛性钠、烧碱，故D正确；故选A．【点评】本题考查了常见化学用语的表示方法，题目难度中等，涉及电子式、离子结构示意图、结构式等知识，明确常见化学用语的书写原则为解答关键，试题有利于提高学生的规范答题能力．8．既能与盐酸反应，又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的物质是（）A．AlCl3B．NaAlO2C．Al（OH）3D．Na2CO3【考点】两性氧化物和两性氢氧化物．【分析】中学常见既能与盐酸反应，又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的物质有：两性化合物[如Al2O3、Al（OH）3等]、弱酸的铵盐[如（NH4）2CO3等）]、弱酸的酸式盐[NaHCO3、NaHS等]、单质（如Al）、氨基酸、蛋白质等．【解答】解：A．AlCl3能和NaOH发生复分解反应，不能与稀盐酸反应，故A错误；B．NaAlO2能和稀盐酸反应，不能与NaOH溶液发生反应，故B错误；C．Al（OH）3属于两性氢氧化物，能与盐酸、氢氧化钠反应，故C正确；D．Na2CO3能与盐酸反应，不能与氢氧化钠反应，故D错误；故选C．【点评】本题考查元素化合物的性质点，难度不大，注意常见元素化合物知识的掌握，总结归纳常见能与酸、碱反应的物质．9．人体胃酸的主要成分是盐酸．胃酸可助消化食物，但胃酸过多会损伤胃粘膜，使人感觉不适．抗酸药（又称抑酸剂）可以减少胃过过多的胃酸．下列物质不属于抗酸药的是（）A．阿司匹林（主要成分：）B．胃舒平[主要成分：Al（OH）3]C．碳酸氢钠片（主要成分：NaHCO3）D．胃得乐（主要成分：MgCO3）【考点】药物的主要成分和疗效．【专题】有机化合物的获得与应用．【分析】根据下列药物的主要成分能否与盐酸反应判断．【解答】解：阿司匹林的主要成分不能与盐酸反应，因此不能用作抗酸药，Al（OH）3、NaHCO3、MgCO3均能与盐酸反应，因此胃舒平、碳酸氢钠片、胃得乐均属抗酸药，故选A．【点评】本题考查了药物的主要成分和疗效，难度不大，注意化学与生活中基础知识的积累．10．下列包装标识贴错了的是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D【考点】化学试剂的分类．【专题】元素及其化合物．【分析】根据标志的含义结合生活实际经验进行分析判断符合题意的选项．【解答】解：A．硫酸有强腐蚀性，是腐蚀品，故A正确；B．酒精易燃，是易燃液体，故B正确；C．小苏打是碳酸氢钠，可用来食品加工，不是剧毒品，故C错误；D．氯酸钾是氧化剂，易爆炸，属于爆炸品，故D正确．故选C．【点评】本题通过化学药品名称与警示标志说明是否一致考查相关物质的性质，题目难度不大，平时注意相关物质基础知识的积累．11．下列物质沉淀时的颜色正确的是（）A．CaCO3﹣﹣红棕色B．BaSO4﹣﹣灰绿色C．Al（OH）3﹣﹣白色D．AgCl﹣﹣蓝色【考点】两性氧化物和两性氢氧化物；卤化银．【专题】实验现象．【分析】碳酸钡、硫酸钡、氢氧化铝、氯化银沉淀时均为白色沉淀．【解答】解：碳酸钡、硫酸钡、氢氧化铝、氯化银沉淀时均为白色沉淀，故选C．【点评】本题考查元素化合物性质，比较基础，注意对基础知识的理解掌握．12．下列各组离子，在溶液中可以大量共存的是（）A．H+、SO42﹣、CO32﹣、K+B．Fe3+、Na+、OH﹣、NO3﹣C．Mg2+、Al3+、Cl﹣、SO42﹣D．Na+、Cl﹣、OH﹣、NH4+【考点】离子共存问题．【专题】离子反应专题．【分析】根据离子之间不能结合生成沉淀、气体、水、弱电解质等，不能发生氧化还原反应等，则离子大量共存，以此来解答．【解答】解：A．H+、CO32﹣结合生成水和气体，不能共存，故A错误；B．Fe3+、OH﹣结合生成沉淀，不能共存，故B错误；C．该组离子之间不反应，可大量共存，故C正确；D．OH﹣、NH4+结合生成弱电解质，不能共存，故D错误；故选C．【点评】本题考查离子的共存，为高频考点，把握常见离子之间的反应为解答的关键，侧重复分解反应的离子共存考查，题目难度不大．13．钼可用于制导弹，钼的同位素Mo所含的中子数是（）A．42 B．47 C．52 D．94【考点】质子数、中子数、核外电子数及其相互联系．【分析】9442Mo中质子数是42，质量数是94，中子数=质量数﹣质子数，据此分析．【解答】解：9442Mo中质子数是42，质量数是94，中子数=质量数﹣质子数=94﹣42=52，故选C．【点评】本题考查了质子数、中子数和质量数的关系，难度不大，明确质量数和中子数、质子数之间的关系是解本题的关键．14．下列化学反应的离子方程式其中正确的是（）A．碳酸钙与盐酸反应：CO32﹣+2H+═CO2↑+H2OB．铜和硝酸银溶液反应：Cu+Ag+═Cu2++AgC．铁与氯化铁溶液反应：Fe+2Fe3+═3Fe2+D．氢氧化钡溶液与硫酸反应：Ba2++OH﹣+H++SO42﹣═BaSO4↓+H2O【考点】离子方程式的书写．【专题】离子反应专题．【分析】A．碳酸钙在离子反应中保留化学式；B．电子、电荷不守恒；C．遵循电子、电荷守恒；D．不符合离子的配比．【解答】解：A．碳酸钙与盐酸反应的离子反应为CaCO3+2H+═Ca2++CO2↑+H2O，故A错误；B．铜和硝酸银溶液反应的离子反应为Cu+2Ag+═Cu2++2Ag，故B错误；C．铁与氯化铁溶液反应的离子反应为Fe+2Fe3+═3Fe2+，故C正确；D．氢氧化钡溶液与硫酸反应的离子反应为Ba2++2OH﹣+2H++SO42﹣═BaSO4↓+2H2O，故D 错误；故选C．【点评】本题考查离子反应方程式书写的正误判断，为高频考点，把握发生的反应及离子反应的书写方法为解答的关键，侧重复分解反应、氧化还原反应的离子反应考查，注意离子反应中保留化学式的物质及电子、电荷守恒，题目难度不大．15．关于食物的酸碱性，下列说法正确的是（）A．食物溶于水后的溶液中pH小于7，则为成酸性食物B．由碳、氮、硫、磷等元素组成的蛋白质是成酸性食物C．蔬菜、水果多含钾、钠、钙、镁等盐类，习惯称为酸性食物D．柠檬酸是酸性食物【考点】人体新陈代谢过程中的生化反应．【分析】食物的酸碱性与化学上所指的溶液的酸碱性是不同的概念，它是指食物成酸性或成碱性，是按食物在体内代谢最终产物的性质来分类的．【解答】解：A．食物的酸碱性与溶于水后的溶液PH无关，故A错误；B．蛋白质在体内经过消化、吸收后，最后氧化成酸，这类食物在生理上称为成酸性食物，习惯上称为酸性食物，故B正确；C．蔬菜、水果多含钾、钠、钙、镁等盐类，在人体内代谢后生成碱性物质，使体液呈弱碱性，这类食物习惯上称为碱性食物，故C错误；D．柠檬酸虽然很酸，在体内氧化后生成二氧化碳和水排出体外，剩下碱性的钾盐，因此属于碱性食物，故D错误．故选B．【点评】本题考查了食物的酸碱性判断，难度不大，注意食物的酸碱性是根据食物在体内代谢最终产物的性质来分类的，不是根据口感来进行分类的．并非在味觉上具有酸性的食物，就是酸性食物．柠檬酸虽然很酸，在体内氧化后生成二氧化碳和水排出体外，剩下碱性的钾盐，因此属于碱性食物．16．下列物质中，易使皮肤（蛋白质）变黄的是（）A．浓盐酸B．浓硝酸C．氢氧化钠溶液 D．饱和食盐水【考点】氨基酸、蛋白质的结构和性质特点．【专题】糖类与蛋白质专题．【分析】含苯环的蛋白质遇浓硝酸发生颜色反应，据此解题．【解答】解：A．蛋白质遇浓盐酸发生变性，故A错误；B．蛋白质遇浓硝酸发生颜色反应，故B正确；C．蛋白质遇氢氧化钠溶液发生变性，故C错误；D．蛋白质遇饱和食盐水发生盐析，故D错误．故选B．【点评】本题考查氨基酸、蛋白质的结构和性质特点，明确颜色反应的原理是解题的关键，题目难度不大．17．热水瓶用久后，瓶胆内常附着一层水垢[主要成分为CaCO3与Mg（OH）2]．能用来清除水垢的是（）A．食醋 B．白酒 C．纯碱 D．食盐水【考点】乙酸的化学性质．【专题】有机物的化学性质及推断．【分析】根据物质的性质进行分析，碳酸钙和氢氧化镁能与酸反应生成易溶于水的物质而除去．【解答】解：A、食醋能与碳酸钙和氢氧化镁反应生成易溶于水的物质，从而除去水垢，故A正确；B、白酒中主要成分为乙醇，乙醇不与碳酸钙和氢氧化镁反应，故B错误；C、纯碱碳酸钠不与碳酸钙和氢氧化镁反应，不能除去水垢，故C错误；D、食盐不与碳酸钙和氢氧化镁反应，不能除去水垢，故D错误；故选A．【点评】本题考查了常见物质的用途，完成此题，可以依据物质的性质进行．18．下列物质中，不属于天然高分子化合物的是（）A．蛋白质B．淀粉 C．纤维素D．油脂【考点】有机高分子化合物的结构和性质．【专题】有机化合物的获得与应用．【分析】高分子化合物（又称高聚物）一般相对分子质量高于10000，结构中有重复的结构单元；有机高分子化合物可以分为天然有机高分子化合物（如淀粉、纤维素、蛋白质天然橡胶等）和合成有机高分子化合物（如聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯等）．【解答】解：A．蛋白质，相对分子质量在一万以上，为天然高分子化合物，如鸡蛋清，故A不选；B．淀粉是多糖，相对分子质量在一万以上，为天然高分子化合物，故B不选；C．纤维素为多糖，相对分子质量在一万以上，为天然高分子化合物，故C不选；D．油脂是高级脂肪酸与甘油形成的酯，油脂相对分子质量较小，不属于高分子化合物，故D选；故选D．【点评】本题考查天然高分子化合物的判别，题目难度较小，旨在考查学生对基础知识的识记，注意基础知识的积累掌握．19．控制变量法是化学实验的常用方法之一．下图实验探究影响反应速率的因素是（）A．浓度 B．温度 C．催化剂D．固体质量【考点】化学反应速率的影响因素．【专题】化学反应速率专题．【分析】反应的方程式为Mg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2↑，影响该反应速率的因素有浓度、温度、固体表面积等，结合实验数据进行对比可解答该题．【解答】解：两个实验中，盐酸浓度相同、镁条相同，温度不同，则该实验探究影响反应速率的因素是温度，温度不同，反应速率不同．故选B．【点评】本题考查化学反应速率的探究，为高频考点，侧重于学生的分析能力和实验能力的考查，难度不大，注意对控制变量法的理解．20．下列实验操作或装置正确的是（）A．稀释浓硫酸B．排水集气法收集NOC．分离水与酒精D．干燥氨气【考点】化学实验方案的评价．【专题】实验评价题．【分析】A．量筒不能用来稀释溶液；B．NO不溶于水；C．水和酒精不分层；D．氨气能与浓硫酸反应生成硫酸铵．【解答】解：A．量筒不能用来稀释溶液，应在小烧杯中进行，故A错误；B．NO不溶于水，可用排水法收集，故B正确；C．水和酒精不分层，无法用分液分离，故C错误；D．氨气能与浓硫酸反应生成硫酸铵，应用碱石灰干燥，故D错误．故选B．【点评】本题考查较为综合，涉及溶液配制、物质的分离和气体干燥，综合考查学生的分析能力、实验能力和评价能力，为高考常见题型，注意把握物质的性质的异同以及实验的严密性和可行性的评价，难度不大．21．下列四个试管中发生如下反应：Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑，产生H2的反应速率最小的是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D【考点】化学反应速率的影响因素．【专题】化学反应速率专题．【分析】对于反应Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑来说，增大浓度、升高温度或增大固体的表面积可增大反应速率，以此解答．【解答】解：对于反应Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑来说，盐酸浓度越大，反应温度越高，固体的表面积越大，则反应速率越大，反之越小，故选A．【点评】本题考查化学反应速率的影响，侧重于学生的分析能力的考查，为高频考点，注意把握反应的特点以及相关基础知识，难度不大．22．甲～辛等元素在周期表中的位置如下表所示．下列说法不正确的是（）A．乙、丙、辛都是非金属元素B．甲、丁、戊的单质都是金属C．乙、庚、辛都能形成氧化物D．己的氧化物可与氢氧化钠反应【考点】元素周期律和元素周期表的综合应用．【专题】元素周期律与元素周期表专题．【分析】根据元素在周期表中的位置知，甲﹣辛分别是H、C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、S元素，A．甲、乙、丙、庚、辛都是非金属元素；B．丁、戊、己为金属元素；C．C、Si、S都能和氧气反应生成氧化物；D．己的氧化物是氧化铝，属于两性氧化物．【解答】解：根据元素在周期表中的位置知，甲﹣辛分别是H、C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、S元素，A．甲、乙、丙、庚、辛都是非金属元素，即H、C、O、Si、S都是非金属元素，故A正确；B．丁、戊、己为金属元素，即Na、Mg、Al都是金属元素，H是非金属元素，故B错误；C．C、Si、S都能和氧气反应生成氧化物，C的氧化物有CO2、CO，Si的氧化物有SiO2，S的氧化物有SO2、SO3，故C正确；D．己的氧化物是氧化铝，属于两性氧化物，所以能和NaOH溶液反应生成盐和水，故D正确；故选B．【点评】本题考查元素周期表和元素化合物，为高频考点，明确元素在周期表中的位置、元素及其化合物性质是解本题关键，注意氧化铝的两性，熟练掌握元素周期表及元素周期律．二、本题包括3小题，共34分23．良好的生态环境可以提升生活质量．①以煤炭为主的能源结构易导致酸雨的形成，形成这类酸雨的气体是SO2（填化学式）②综合利用“地沟油”的一种方法是将它水解以获取高级脂肪酸和甘油（填名称）．【考点】油脂的性质、组成与结构；二氧化硫的化学性质．【专题】氧族元素；有机物的化学性质及推断．【分析】①煤炭中的硫燃烧会生成二氧化硫，二氧化硫气体生成三氧化硫，三氧化硫再与雨水形成酸雨；②地沟油的主要成分是高级脂肪酸甘油酯．【解答】解：①煤炭中的硫燃烧会生成二氧化硫，空气中的二氧化硫气体在粉尘做催化剂的条件下生成三氧化硫，三氧化硫再与雨水形成酸雨，故答案为：SO2；②地沟油的主要成分是高级脂肪酸甘油酯，水解生成高级脂肪酸和甘油，故答案为：甘油．【点评】本题主要考查的是酸雨、酯类的水解等，体现了化学来源于生活、服务于生活的宗旨，难度不大．24．人体健康与食品、药物等关系密切．①生活中应合理地摄取人体必需的元素，体内碘元素含量过高或过低，会引起甲状腺疾病．②维生素C是生命活动的重要物质．在氯化铁溶液中加入维生素C后，溶液由黄色转变为浅绿色，说明维生素C具有较强的还原性．【考点】氧化还原反应；碘与人体健康．【专题】氧化还原反应专题；化学应用．。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二历史下学期末考试试题 文
某某市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试文科历史试题时量：90分钟总分：100分第Ⅰ卷选择题选择题（本大题共30小题。
每小题2分，共计60分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
）1.春秋战国时期一思想家认为：“今夫天下之人牧，未有不嗜杀人者也。
如有不嗜杀人者，则天下之民皆引颈而望之矣！诚如是也，民归之，由水之就下，沛然谁能御之？”该思想家的核心观点应是A．清静无为B．仁政治国C．兼爱非攻 D．以德治民《全球通史》在论述中国诸子百家思想主X时说：“他们认为贵族的存在已不合时宜，要用国家的军事力量予以清除；而人民群众则需被强迫从事生产劳动。
他们把商人和学者看作可有可无或多余的人，因此不可宽容待之。
”下列观点与文中“他们”同属一个派别的是A．圣人不期修古，不法常可 B.天地不仁，以万物为刍狗C．君子有三畏：畏天命,畏大人,畏圣人之言 D.自贵且智者为政乎愚且贱者则治董仲舒说：“国家将有失败之道，而天乃先出灾害以谴告之。
不知自省，又出怪异以警惧之。
尚不知变，而伤败乃至。
以此见天心之仁爱人君而欲止其乱也。
”这表明董仲舒①宣扬“天人感应”学说②继承了荀子的“天行有常”思想③要求君主施行仁政④认为君主的地位不是神圣不可侵犯的A．①②B．②④C．①③D．③④4.英国学者李约瑟在《中国科学技术史》中指出：“儒家思想基本上是重理性的，（它）反对任何迷信以至超自然的某某。
”对这句话中的“理性”的理解最贴切的是A. 儒家思想始终排斥佛教道教思想B.儒家崇尚理性而讲求某某C.儒家重视自然科学和自然规律D.儒家关注人事人伦而敬远鬼神5.朱熹在《某某劝农文》中说：“请诸父老，常为解说，使后生弟子，知所遵守，去恶从善，取是舍非，爱惜体肤，保守家业。
”在此，朱熹A．教诲后生弟子遵从三纲五常 B. 劝导百姓遵循一种“理性”的社会秩序C．告诫乡亲去恶从善以“慎思明辨”D．灌输以农兴业思想以存“天理”6.有学者认为“16至17世纪的中国，新的经济形态还十分微弱、脆嫩。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学高二数学下学期末考试试题 文
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试文科数学试题总分 150分 时间 120分钟 座位号 选择题（50分）1、设a ，b为实数，若复数1＋2ia ＋bi＝1＋i ，则( ) A ．a ＝32，b ＝12 B ．a ＝3，b ＝1 C ．a ＝12，b ＝32 D ．a ＝1，b ＝3 2、下列说法正确的是 （ ） 命题“若12>x，则1>x ”的否命题是“若12>x，则1≤x ”“1>x ”是“022>-+x x”的充分不必要条件命题“01,0200<++∈∃x x x R 使得”的否定是“1,2>++∈∀x R x x 都有”命题“若α>β，则tan α>tan β”的逆命题为真命题用反证法证明“若a ，b ，c<3，则a ，b ，c 中至少有一个小于1”时，“假设” 应为 （ ）假设a ，b ，c 至少有一个大于1 B ．假设a ，b ，c 都大于1C ．假设a ，b ，c 至少有两个大于1D ．假设a ，b ，c 都不小于1 4、执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的a 的值为（ ）A. 51B. 52C. 53D. 54若命题“使得”为假命题，则实数的取值范围是 （ ）[-10,6] B. (-6,2] C. [-2,10] D. (-2,10)6、过抛物线xy42=的焦点作一条直线与抛物线相交于A，B两点，它们到直线x=-2的距离之和等于5，则这样的直线（）有且仅有一条 B. 有且仅有两条C. 有无穷多条 D. 不存在已知()axxf x-=3在[1，+∞）上是单调增函数，则a的最大值是（）0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3椭圆192522=+yx的左焦点为F1，点P在椭圆上，若线段PF1的中点M在y轴上，则|PF1|= （）541B. 59C. 6D. 79、已知双曲线(a＞0，b＞0)的一条渐近线与圆相交于A，B两点，若|AB|=2，则该双曲线的离心率为( )A. 8B. 22 C.3 D. 23若直线()0,012>>=-+-nmnymx经过抛物线xy42=的焦点，则nm11+的最小值为（）A. 223+ B. 23+ C. 2223+D. 223+填空题（25分）已知函数()xxfxf cossin2+⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛'=π，则⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛4πf=______用火柴棒摆“金鱼”，如图所示：按照上面的规律，第n条“金鱼”需要火柴棒的根数为________．13、在直角坐标系xOy 中，曲线C1的参数方程为⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝cos α，y ＝1＋sin α(α为参数)．在极坐标系(与直角坐标系xOy 取相同的长度单位，且以原点O 为极点，以x 轴正半轴为极轴)中，曲线C2的方程为ρ(cos θ－sin θ)＋1＝0，则C1与C2的交点个数为__________．14、已知函数f(x)是R 上的偶函数，且在（0，+∞）上有()x f '>0，若f(-1)=0，那么关于x 的不等式()0<x xf 的解集是_________15、如图所示，在三棱锥S －ABC 中，SA ⊥SB ，SB ⊥SC ，SC ⊥SA ，且SA ，SB ，SC 和底面ABC所成的角分别为α1，α2，α3，△SBC ，△SAC ，△SAB 的面积分别为S1，S2，S3，类比三角形中的正弦定理，给出空间图形的一个猜想是________．解答题（75分）16、已知命题，命题。
【学期】高二化学下学期末考试试题文
益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试文科化学试题时量：60分钟总分：100分注意事项：1、答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座位号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，不能答在试题上。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再改涂其它答案。
3、可能用到的相对原子质量：H－－12 O－16第一部分选择题（共66分）一、在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意。
（每小题3分，共66分）1、2014北京马拉松比赛中最热门的话题并非参赛人数、比赛结果，却是“雾霾”。
比赛当天，北京市的空气质量为严重污染级别。
下列物质不计入“空气污染指数”的项目是（）A．二氧化硫B．二氧化碳C．二氧化氮D．可吸入颗粒物2、在渣滓分类处理和利用的标志中，图1属于（）A．厨余渣滓标志B．危险废物标志C．可回收物标志D．其他渣滓标志图13、下列变化属于化学变化的是（）A．蒸馏法分离酒精与水B．食物腐烂C．过滤除去水中的泥沙D．分液法分离四氯化碳与水4、理想的原子经济性反应是原料分子中的原子全部转化成所需要的产物，不产生副产物，实现零排放，符合绿色化学的概念。
下列反应类型中完全符合要求的是（）A．分解反应B．置换反应C．复分解反应D．化合反应5．下列化合物中，属于盐的是（）A.COB. MgCl.H2SO4 D.KOH6、在反应Cu+2 H2SO4(浓) CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O中，还原剂是（）A.C uB.H2SO. CuSO4 D.SO27、下列化学用语中，不正确的是（）A.氯离子结构示意图：B.HCl的电子式：C. H2O分子的结构式：H-O-HD.NaOH又名烧碱8、既能与盐酸反应，又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的物质是（）A．AlCl3 B．NaAlO．Al(OH)3 D．Na2CO39、人体胃酸的主要成分是盐酸。
胃酸可助消化食物，但胃酸过多会损伤胃粘膜，使人感觉不适。
抗酸药（又称抑酸剂）可以减少胃过过多的胃酸。
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试试卷(2015年2月) 政治(理) Word版含答案.pdf
C．D．
21．微博作为一种全新的信息发布方式，在重大事件、防灾救灾、公民权益、社会救助等领域发挥了巨大影响和推
动作用。但是，一些虚假信息和广告也通过微博得到迅速传播，直接危机社会稳定。这体现了
A．社会意识决定社会存在
B．人民群众是社会精神财富的创造者
C．不同的价值观对人们的行为具有不同导向作用
入返回飞行试验首战告捷。9．社会主义新农村建设是一项惠及亿万农民的系统工程，要充分考虑农民的意愿和需要
，而不能搞成政治运动，也不能搞“政绩工程”。其哲学依据是A．人民群众的世界观总是正确的 B．价值观都有正确
的导向作用
C．人民群众的意志决定了社会历史发展 D．坚持群众观点和群众路线
0．A．B．
现在我们眼前。这表明（ ）
A.量变必然引起事物的质变
B. 事物是变化发展的
C.事物的发展是对以往事物的彻底否定
D.主观与客观是具体历史的统一
15.手机短信方便了人们交流沟通，但也被少数不法分子用来进行诈骗或骚扰。对此正确的认识是
①对待事物都应持一分为二的态度?
②手机短信弊大于利?
学上看，该标识的创意表明（ ）
A．艺术创作完全是主观的，不具有任何客观基础
B．艺术创作都是对客观事物直观的正确的反映
C．意识的内容来源于用
8．在科技高度发达的时代，人们获取知识和信息的能力大大加强了。人们可以亲身实践，也可以借助其他媒介
，如书籍、广播、电视、互联网等。材料说明
”是加强创新能力、加快转型升级；第二帖“药方”是促使企业调整产品结构，优化资源配置；第三帖“药方”是引导
企业加强文化建设，提高员工素质，并创造更加优越的外部环境服务企业。
材料体现了什么哲学道理？（20分）
湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014-2015学年高二上学期末考试试卷(2015年2月) 政治(文) Word版含答案.pdf
C．春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干
D．梅须逊雪三分白，雪却输梅一段香
15．长篇小说是包罗万象的庞大文体，里面有羊羔也有小鸟，有狮子也有鳄鱼，你不能因为狮子吃了羊羔或鳄鱼吞
了小鸟就说他们不悲悯。只有羊羔或小鸟的世界不成世界，只有好人的小说不是小说。莫言对世界的描述说明（ ）
①矛盾具有普遍性和客观性
不会取缔，只会更加完善对余额宝等金融业务的监管政策。从哲学上看，这体现了价值判断的差异带来世界观的差异事
物的发展是前进性和曲折性相事物性质由主要矛盾的主要方面决定幸福问题是人生哲学中重要的问题。有人说，“没有
幸福就没有德行。如果没有条件取得幸福，那就缺乏条件维持德行。如果缺乏生活上的必需品，那么也就缺乏道德上的
发生很大变化巡视制度的变化说明
意识能促进社会的发展
③ 实践是认识发展的动力
④ 规律是事物运动过程中的固有属性
A. B. ①④ C. ②③? D. ②④
10．一棵紫露草在一个加入肥料和水的玻璃瓶里被密封了40年之后，依然长势茂盛。对于这一神奇现象，园艺专家
指出，尽管与外界新鲜空气和水分隔绝，但密封的瓶子创造了自己的微型生态系统:紫露草利用光合作用产生氧气和水
”“N7N9”“土豪”“自贸试验区”“单独二胎”“中国大妈”“光盘行动”“女汉子”“十面霾伏”等获评年度十大
新词。据介绍。这十大新词从364条2013年年度新词脱颖而出，记录了丰富多彩的2013，从中可以窥见当年社会生活中
的重大事件和民众关注的焦点。从哲学角度看，这体现了
①社会意识反作用于社会存在 ②社会意识是社会存在的反映
C．上层建筑要适应经济基础状况
D．改革是社会发展的根本动力
被喻为“理财神器”的余额宝自上线即受到市场热捧，余额宝是由第三方支付平台支付宝为个人用户打造的一项余
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益阳市箴言中学2014年下学期高二期终考试理科历史试题时量：60分钟总分：100分第Ⅰ卷选择题一、选择题（本大题共30小题。
每小题2分，共计60分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
）1.春秋战国时期能够形成“百家争鸣”局面的根本原因在于A．社会经济政治发生了重大的变化 B．国家处于分裂状态C．“学在官府”发展为“学在民间” D．诸子百家逐渐形成2.《韩非子》载：“凡治天下，必因人情。
人情有好恶，故赏罚可用，故禁令可立，而治道具矣。
”由此可见，韩非认为“治天下”应重在依靠A．人情关系 B．法制建设 C．礼乐秩序 D．伦理道德3.汉武帝时代，儒学逐渐被统治者确立正统思想。
儒学教育官方化和制度化标志是A．私学的开创 B．百家争鸣的出现 C．太学的创建 D．理学的兴起4.有人认为，中国古代君主专制理论由先秦法家奠定，经汉朝儒生发展而成。
这两个阶段的代表人物分别是A．荀子、董仲舒 B．荀子、孟子 C．商鞅、孟子 D．韩非子、董仲舒5.董仲舒在《春秋繁露》中说：“王者配天，谓其道。
天有四时，王有四政，四政若四时，通类也。
”这句话反映的是A．“大一统”理论 B．“罢黜百家” C．“天人感应”D．“仁政”思想6.理学思想的核心是A．“天理” B．“仁” C．三教合一 D．“罢黜百家，独尊儒术7.《四库全书总目提要》称某人的著述“狂悖乖谬，非圣无法”，“排击孔子，别立褒贬”。
这里的“某人”是指A．李贽 B．黄宗羲 C．顾炎武 D．王夫之8.李贽对儒家思想进行了批判，以下对其思想的评述，正确的是A．认可“存天理，灭人欲” B．反对以孔子的是非为是非C．主张“天下为主，君为客” D．强调“经世致用”的思想9.明末清初的进步思想家提倡将学术研究与社会现实相结合，由此而形成的思想是A．经世致用 B．工商皆本 C．唯物主义思想 D．重农抑商10.“以其对策，开创了儒家伦理政治理论步入政治殿堂的历史。
”这一论断评价是A．孟子“仁政”学说 B．荀子礼法并施主张 C．董仲舒新儒学 D．程朱理学11.有学者说，万物的存在与否，事物的形态性质，全在于人的感受。
下列主张符合其观点的是A．“人是万物的尺度” B．“美德即知识” C．“人生而平等” D．“天赋人权12.他提出“人要认识你自己这一至理名言，意在教导人们善是人的内在灵魂，在于认识自己的理性和智慧。
”这位真理与自由的殉道者是A．普罗泰格拉 B．苏格拉底 C．柏拉图 D．亚里士多德13.梁启超说：“欧洲之所以有今日，皆由十四五世纪，古学复兴，脱教会之樊篱，一洗思想界之奴性，其进步乃沛乎莫能御……”。
梁启超所说的欧洲“古学复兴”是A．智者运动 B．文艺复兴 C．宗教改革 D．启蒙运动14.他写成《九十五条论纲》，反对教会出售“赎罪券”，他的思想主张引发了德意志和欧洲轰轰烈烈的宗教改革。
他是A．但丁 B．加尔文 C．马丁·路德 D．康德15.对美国1787年宪法中关于立法、行政和司法权力之间关系的规定产生重大影响的启蒙思想家是A．伏尔泰 B．孟德斯鸠 C．洛克 D．卢梭16.在伦理观方面，孟子认为“性本善”，苏格拉底也认为“善是人的内在灵魂”。
基于此，他们提出的主张分别是推行A．人治与法治 B．王道与民主政治 C．“仁政”与道德教育 D．兼爱与自我节制17.欧洲中世纪的绘画作品中很少留有作者的姓名，但到文艺复兴时期，越来越多的艺术家在自己的作品中留下签名。
这反映了文艺复兴时期的艺术家A．肯定自我价值 B．认同宗教权威 C．批判教会腐败 D．逃避现实生活18.天主教认为教会的神职人员掌管“天堂之门”的钥匙，只有通过他们，信徒才能赦罪。
对此，马丁·路德疾呼A．废除宗教信仰 B．加强宗教仪式 C．信仰即可得救 D．教士应拥有世俗权力19.17—18世纪开始，法语逐渐打破了拉丁语垄断的局面，直到1919年，法语仍一直是欧洲大陆外交活动中使用的主要语言。
造成这种现象的主要原因可能是A．法语自身的魅力 B．工业革命的影响 C．启蒙运动的影响 D．文艺复兴的影响20.已知最早的指南仪器“司南”出现于A．夏商时期 B．战国时期 C．秦汉时期 D．隋唐时期21.英国科学家李约瑟认为“东亚的化学、矿物学、植物学、动物学和药物学都起源于道家”。
可以佐证这一观点的科技成就是A．造纸术 B．印刷术 C．指南针 D．火药22.有学者认为：中国古代科技固然成绩突出，但“这些成果技术方面停滞于农业和手工的经验工艺的水平上……混有大量的荒诞不经的反科学的成份。
”这主要表明中国古代科技A．求善而不存真 B．有很强的封闭性 C．缺乏理性精神 D．落后于西方国家23.走一个圆场就代表着“人行千里路”，来一个趟马就象征着“马过万重山”，……手持一把扇子就象征闲散之人，握着马鞭就代表马存在，穿红绿蟒就是在宫廷或富贵人家……这种表现形式属于A．小说 B．戏曲 C．说书 D．绘画24.李白和杜甫是盛唐诗坛上最具光彩的双子星座，但他们的诗歌风格却是迥然不同对这种区别的形成原因，具有决定性作用的是A．两人的文化修养和品味不同所致 B．两人的性格不同所致C．两人不同的人生观所致 D．两人不同的生活经历所致25.“无言独上西楼，月如钩，寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋。
剪不断，理还乱，是离愁，别是一般滋味在心头。
”这种文学艺术的特点是A．词藻华丽，手法夸张 B．题材多样，表现手法丰富C．可雅可俗，抒情叙事兼长 D．长短不齐，便于抒发感情26.牛顿在伽利略研究成果的基础上，经过大量实验，确认了物体宏观运动的规律。
他出版《自然哲学的数学原理》一书，提出A．相对论 B．太阳中心说 C．量子力学 D．万有引力定律27.1878年，爱迪生在报纸上发布了一项新发明，结果煤气公司的股票猛然下跌，因为这意味着普遍使用的煤气灯将要被淘汰。
这项新发明是A．发动机 B．内燃机 C．电灯 D．电影放映机28.某一理论被评价为“亵渎圣灵”“触犯君权神授天理”“有失人类尊严”，你认为这一理论应该是指A．进化论 B．量子论 C．相对论 D．经典力学29.近代前期，自然科学得以迅速发展的人文动力是①冲破了神学思想的束缚②理性主义的熏陶③资本主义经济发展对科技的需要④文艺复兴运动的深入发展A．①③④ B．①②④ C．①④ D．①②③④30.现代信息技术革命推动人类进入知识经济时代，使人类的生产、生活发生着深刻变化。
下列能体现这一变化的是A．乘火车旅行 B．打越洋电话 C．用电灯照明 D．网上购物第Ⅱ卷非选择题二、非选择题（第31题，20分；第32题，20分，共40分）31、阅读下列材料回答问题材料一：哲学家们在晚周时期大动乱的形势下，力图提出稳定社会安抚人心的原则。
——[美]伯恩斯等《世界文明史》材料二：其实儒家思想取得胜利是一个缓慢的过程，两汉400余年，它渐渐由孔孟时期的原始儒学衍化为掺杂了诸子思想和古代迷信的庞杂思想体系，……与其说儒家思想征服了汉代学者，不如讲是汉代学者改造了儒家思想。
——费正清《中国——传统与变迁》材料三：三大思想家的政治思想在本质上仍是儒家的模式，但是在这一模式内部注入了时代的气息，是传统与时代、先验与经验的结合。
——黄晓军《明末清初三大思想家的政治思想》（1）依据所学知识，春秋战国时期的儒家学者提出了哪些“稳定社会和安抚人心的原则”？（6分）（2）如何理解材料二中的“儒家思想取得胜利”？ (6分)（3）结合所学知识分析材料三中这些“时代气息”出现的背景。
(8分)32、在古希腊罗马之后，基督教会对西方世界进行了近千年的思想统治，使人们的个人意识受到极大的压制。
为此，不同国家、不同领域的杰出人士不顾教会势力的迫害和世俗的误解，在欧洲掀起了三次影响巨大的思想解放潮流。
（1）14—18世纪的西欧，出现了哪三次影响巨大的思想解放潮流？（6分）（2）这三次思想解放潮流兴起的相同的根本原因是什么？(6分) （3）三次思想解放潮流产生的共同影响是什么？(8分)2014年下学期期终考试高二理科历史参考答案二、选择题（本大题共30小题。
每小题2分，共计60分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
）1-----5 ABCDC 6——10 AABAC11——15 ABBCB 16----20 CACCB21----25 BCBDD 26----30 DCABD二、非选择题（第31题，20分；第32题，20分，共40分）31、（20分）(l) 孔子：仁和礼孟子：仁政荀子：礼法并用。
(6分) (2) 汉武帝“罢黜百家、独尊儒术”，奠定了儒家思想的正统地位。
（6分）（3）背景：①商品经济发展，资本主义萌芽出现；②君主专制达到顶峰，政治腐败。
（8分）32、（20分）(1)潮流：文艺复兴运动、宗教改革运动、启蒙运动。
(6分)(2)原因：资本主义的产生、发展及资产阶级力量的发展壮大（6分）(3)影响：①冲破教会思想束缚，解放了人们的思想②有利于资本主义经济的发展(8分)。