小升初语法专题复习动词的分类形式(讲义)-人教PEP版英语六年级下册

小升初语法专题复习—动词的分类&形式
一、知识点讲解：
重要短语(中译英)：
1.clean my room 打扫我的房间
2.wash my clothes 洗我的衣服
3.stay at home 待在家里
4.watch TV 看电视
5.drink tea 喝茶
6.have a cold 感冒
7.see a film 看电影8.read a book 看书
9.play football 踢足球10.study English 学英语
11.make the beds 整理床铺12.go boating 划船
语法部分：动词
（一）动词的种类
动词根据其在构成动词词组中所起的作用分为助动词和实义动词。

1.实义动词构成动词词组的基本意义，可分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词。

2.助动词协助实义动词构成动词词组，表示不同的语法意义和情态意义，主要分为基本助动词（如：be, do等）和情态动词（如：can, may, must, will, need等）。

（二）实义动词
1.连系动词
连系动词后面必须接表语（常为名词和形容词）
(1)常用的连系动词有：be（是），bee（变成），get（成为），go（变成），look（看上去），grow（逐渐变成），seem（看上去），turn（变成），例如：
Jenny is very happy. He became famous.
Mike is getting taller. Milk goes bad easily in summer. Her face turned red.
*(2)表示感觉和知觉的动词也可以作连系动词，例如：
feel（感觉），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来）等。

例如：Norman doesn’t feel well today. How does the lemon taste?
The roast duck smells nice. That sounds good.
（三）助动词
1.基本动词：be, do
(1)be (am, is, are)：作为助动词时，主要构成动词的现在进行时(be +v.ing)，
例如：He isn’t watching TV in the sitting room.
They were playing football in the playground this time yesterday.
(2)do：常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和一般疑问句及其回答，
例如：I don’t like snakes.
—Did you go to the cinema last weekend? —Yes, I did.
—Do you often do your homework before supper? —Yes, I do.
【例】选择合适的助动词（be, do），并用适当的形式填空。

(1)It’s nine o’clock in the morning. They having an English lesson.
(2)The girl like bread for breakfast.
(3)It’s raining outside. We go out and play.
解析：
第1题是are leaving构成现在进行时；第2题是一般现在时的否定形式，the girl是第三人称单数，
2.情态动词：can, may, must, need，will (+V.原形)
情态动词的后面必须接动词原形构成谓语。

（1）can：表示“能够”的意思，can + 动词原形
例如：I can drive a car. 我能开车。

Can I turn down the radio? 我能关小收音机吗？
It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。

*注意：Can...?问题的肯定回答是：Yes, you can.否定回答是：No, you can’t.
（2）may：表示“可能”的意思，may + 动词原形
例如：May I sit here? 我可以坐这里吗？（表许可）
He may help you. 他可能会帮我。

（表可能）
*注意：May...?问题的肯定回答是：Yes, you can. 否定回答是：No, you can’t 或者No, you mustn’t. (can’t表“不可以” 的意思；mustn’t表“不准；禁止” 的意思。

)
（3）must：表示“必须”的意思，must + 动词原形
例如：We must keep the school rules at school. 在学校我们必须遵守校规。

You mustn’t smoke here.你不能在这里吸烟。

—Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗？
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须现在完成。

/不，你不必要（现在完成）。

*注意：Must ...? 问句的肯定回答是：Yes, you must. 否定回答是: No,you needn’t 或者No, you don’t have to. 而不是mustn’t。

（needn’t / don’t have to 是“不必；不需要”的意
思），
（4）need：表“需要”的意思，作为情态动词时，多用于否定句和疑问句。

need + 动词原形
例如：Need I make an appointment? 我需要预约吗？
You needn’t worry about it. 你不必担心。

*注意：Need ...?问句的肯定回答是：Yes, you must. 否定回答是：No, you needn’t.
例如：—Need I hurry? 我需要快点吗？
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须（快点）。

/不，你不必。

（5）will：用于构成动词的一般将来时，will + 动词原形
例如：They will go to the park tomorrow.
He’ll take part in the English contest next week.
I’ll go to Beijing this summer holidays.
*注意：当主语是第一人称I或we时，也可用shall表示一般将来时。

【例题】( ) —I do it now? — No, you .
A. Must, mustn’t
B. Must, can’t
C. Must, needn’t
【变式】( ) — Need I learn how to cook? —.
A. Yes, you must.
B. No, you mustn’t.
C. Yes, you need.
解析：
例题的意思是“—我现在必须要做这件事吗？—不，不必。

” Must...? 问句的否定回答是用needn’t。

变式题的意思是“—我需要学烹饪吗？—是的，必须学。

” Need...? 问句的肯定回答是和must。

所以用doesn’t；第3题的意思是“外面正在下雨，我们将不出去玩”应填won’t或shan’t。

（四）动词形式
小学阶段学习的动词形式主要有四种：即：动词原形、动词的第三人称单数形式、动词的现在分词形式以及动词的过去式。

1.动词的第三人称单数形式
(1)一般直接在动词词尾加s，例如：run—runs, play—plays, work—works等。

(2)以s, x, o, sh, ch结尾的动词，加es, 例如：brush—brushes, go—goes, pass—passes, watch—watches等。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es，例如：fly—flies, study—studies等。

(4)个别不规则变化单词，需要单独记忆，例如：have—has等。

2.动词现在分词(ing)的构成
(1)一般直接在动词的词尾加ing，例如：pick—picking，do—doing，sing—singing等。

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加ing，例如：make—making，take—taking等。

(3)以末尾是重读闭音节，且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词，将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加ing，例如：dig—digging，swim—swimming，run—running，skip—skipping等。

3.动词过去式的构成
(1)一般情况下，直接在动词的词尾加ed，例如：play—played，clean—cleaned等。

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d，例如：hope—hoped，arrive—arrived等。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加ed，例如：cry—cried，study—studied等。

(4)以末尾是重读闭音节，且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词，将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加ed，例如：stop—stopped，mop—mopped等。

(5)另有一些不规则变化需特别记忆，例如：have—had，say—said等。

二、课堂练习：
I. 照样子写出动词的三种形式：第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式。

例：walk walks walking walked
1. write
2. study
3. play
4. go
5. e
6. have
7. fly 8. make
9. take 10. Say
II. 选择填空。

( ) 1. The salad delicious.
A. drinks
B. eats
C. tastes
( ) 2. She is the radio.
A. listening
B. listening to
C. listening at
( ) 3 How the bed ?
A. does , feel
B. is , feeling
C. does , touch
( ) 4. The weather cold.
A. is feeling
B. is turning
C. is looking
( ) 5. She beautiful in her new dress.
A. looks
B. sees
C. looks at
( ) 6. The flowers in the vase（花瓶）nice.
A. sound
B. taste
C. smell
( ) 7. I am my friend now.
A. waiting
B. wait
C. waiting for
( ) 8. you the birds in the sky?
A. Are , seeing
B. Are , looking
C. Do , see
( ) 9. My grandmother like to watch TV after supper.
A.do
B. doesn’t
C. /
( ) 10．The meat on the plate ______. Throw it into the rubbish bin.
A．is smelling nice B．smells bad
C．smells nice D．is smelling bad
( ) 11．Listen! Can you hear the sound? It ______ the cry of Lily’s baby sister.
A．sounds B．sounds as C．sounds like D．sounds of ( ) 12．We will visit the Shanghai Museum if it ______ tomorrow.
A．will not rain B．isn’t rain
C．doesn’t rain D．isn’t raining
( ) 13．Mrs White let us ______a time box yesterday.
A．made B．make C．making D．to make ( ) 14．There ______ many boys at the park. The number of them ______fifteen.
A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are D．is; are ( ) 15．—Did you ______ any birds in the trees? —Yes, I did. I ______ quite a lot.
A．saw; see B．see; saw C．saw; saw D．see; see III. 用be动词的适当形式填空。

1. How your father?
2. The girl Jack’s sister.
3. —you at home yesterday evening? —No, I .
4. David and Helen from England?
5. there any apple juice in the bottle?
6. Here some sweets for you.
7. Mike and Liu Tao at the cinema just now.
8. I free tomorrow.
9. There two small shops near here last year.
10. There a boy, tow girls, three men and ten women in the park.
IV. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Mike usually (have) lunch at school. But yesterday he (have) lunch at home.
2. My sister likes (sing) very much. She can (sing) very well.
3. Jerry (know) the man in black?
4. Norman (ride) his new bicycle in the garden. He’s happy.
5. —you (eat) moon cakes last Midautumn Festival?
—Yes, I (eat) a lot of delicious moon cakes.
6. He (open) the door just now.
7. Alice is good at (dance).
8. My father (arrive) in Beijing tomorrow afternoon.
9. Sandy (tell) me an interesting story yesterday.
V. 按要求改写句子。

26．Mary likes news and game shows. (变否定句)
_________________________________________________.
27．Your friends go to school by bus. (变一般疑问句)
________ your friends ________ ________ ________ by bus?
________ ________ does ________ ________ to get to school?
29．Look! The house near the lake is burning. (改为同义句)
Look! The house near the lake ________ ________ ________.
30．This is my book. (改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ your book?
三、课堂小结：动词
（一）动词的种类：动词根据其在构成动词词组中所起的作用分为和。

（二）助动词
1.基本动词：be, do,
(1) ：作为助动词时，主要构成动词的现在进行时。

(2) ：常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和一般疑问句及其回答
2.情态动词：can, must, may, need，will
情态动词的后面必须接构成谓语。

(1)can：“”
(2)may：“可能”
(3) must：“”
【注意】：Must ...? 疑问句的肯定回答是用must，否定回答用
(4)Need ...? 疑问句的肯定回答是用(must , need)，否定回答是(mustn’t , needn’t)。

（三）动词形式
1.动词的第三人称单数形式：
(2)以s, x, o, sh, ch结尾的动词，怎样变“三单”形式？。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，怎样变“三单”形式？。

(4)个别不规则变化单词，需要单独记忆。

例如：be的“三单”：，have的“三单”：。

2.动词现在分词(ing)的构成
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，怎样变“ing”形式？。

(3)以末尾是重读闭音节，且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词，怎样变“ing”形式？。

3.动词过去式的构成
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，怎样变过去式？。

(4)以末尾是重读闭音节，且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词，怎样变过去式？。

四、巩固练习：
I.照样子写出动词的三种形式：第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式。

例：walk walks walking walked
1. blow
2. watch
3. do
4. stop
5. skip
6. jump
7. swim 8. drive
9. sing 10. dance
II. 选择填空。

( ) 1. The idea great.
A. hears
B. listens
C. sounds
( ) 2. I didn’t hear you clearly. you say it again?
A. Can
B. May
C. Shall
( ) 3. I saw Sue just now. She be abroad.
A. must
B. can
C. can’t
( ) 4. —I hand in the paper now? —Yes, you .
A. Must , need
B. Must , must
C. Must , needn’t
( ) 5. —Where you e from? —I from China.
A. are , am
B. do , e
C. do , es
( )6．—Let’s ________ TV.— That sounds boring.
A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watches ( )7．—________ Grace have a pencil? —Yes, she does.
A．Is B．Are C．Do D．Does ( )8．—Where ________ your books? —They’re on the table.
A．is B．be C．am D．are
( )9．He will ________ Shijiazhuang tomorrow. Let’s meet him at the station.
A．arrive at B．arrive in C．get D．reach to ( )10．—How long ________ you to go to school? —About half an hour.
A．does it take B．do you take C．is it take D．are you take III.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．They ________ (be) Gina and Lily.
2．Let’s _________ (join) the music club.
3．The bad news made her ________ (feel) sad.
4．Let me ________ (help) you.
5．___________ your mother ___________ (like) pears?
6．Let’s _________ (clean) the classroom.
IV.根据中文提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。

1.我的同学约翰明天上午将到我家来。

My classmate, John, to my place tomorrow morning.
2.昨夜风很大。

The wind hard last night.
3.—他们在那里干什么？—他们在举行聚会。

—What they there? —They a party.
4.男孩长大了，他成为了一名篮球运动员。

The boy up. He a basketball player.
4.秋天，树叶变黄了。

In autumn, the leaves yellow.
V. 根据提示，句型转换。

1.This is a Japanese car. (改为否定句)
This _____ _______ a Japanese car.
2.That's my cup. (改为一般疑问句)
______ that ______ cup?
3.It is a nice jeep. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ it?
4.Wei Hua is in Row Three. (同上)
______ ______ is Wei Hua in?
5.Is that a puter? (作否定回答)
No, ______ ______.
6. It's a pear. (改为否定句)
______ ______ a pear.
7. You can sit down. (改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ sit down?
8. I am in Grade 2 .(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ you in?
9. Is that a cake?(作否定回答)
______, ______ ______.
10. is, what, three, one, and(连词成句)
______ ______ ______ ______?
11. I think it is a bird. (改为否定句)
I ______ think it ______ a bird.
12. Han Mei isn't in today. (改为同义句)
Han Mei isn't ______ ______ today.
13. Li Lei is twelve. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ is Li Lei?
14. Her name is Li Lan. (改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ name Li Lan?
15. The cat is here. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ the cat?
16.It's a pencilbox. (改为复数句)
________ are ________.
17. That's OK. (改为同义句)
That's ________ ________.
18. These are Chinese books. (改为否定句)
These ________ ________ Chinese books.
19. They are children. (改为单数句)
He ________ a ________.
20. Those are hills. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ ________?
21. That isn't a new coat. （改为同义句）
That is ______ ______ coat.
22. Lily is in Row Two. Lucy is in Row Two, too. （改为同义句）Lily and Lucy are in ______ ______ row.
23. Tom and Billy are twins.（改为同义句）
Tom is Billy's ______ ______.
24. My bike is here.（改为同义句）
My bike ______ not ______.
25. Every student is at school today.（改为同义句）
The students ______ ______ at school today.
26. Jim Green is English. (用American 构成选择疑问句)
______________________________________?
27. They are boxes. (改为否定句)
______________________________________.
28. My brother can spell his name. (改为一般疑问句) ______________________________________?
29. We go to school at seven. (用Emma作主语)
______________________________________.
30. My phone number is 6835702. (对划线部分提问) ______________________________________?。