2021版高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Unit4Earthquakes讲义新人教版必修1

2021版高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Unit4Earthquakes讲义新人教版必修1
话题素材——自然灾难
[话题词汇]
1．suffering n. 痛楚；苦难
2．harmful adj. 有害的
3．rescue n. & vt. 救援
4．frightened adj. 可怕的
5．hopeless adj. 没期望的
6．be shocked at 对……感到震动
7．attach great importance to ... 十分重视……；认为……专门重要
8．burst out 突然爆发
9．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处
10．take_measures/steps_to_do_sth. 采取措施做某事
11．do damage to 对……有害；损害
12．get_rid_of 排除；摆脱掉；除掉
13．take_on_a_new_look 出现新面貌
14．lead to/contribute to 导致
[经典佳句]
1．United we stand; divided we fall.
团结则存；分裂则亡。

2．It_is_really_amazing_that the once­ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful town, full_of_life.
令人惊奇的是，那个曾经被毁灭的地点差不多变成了一个漂亮的城镇，朝气蓬勃。

3．In_order_to_help the earthquake victims to go_through the hard times and rebuild their hometown, the school has called on everyone in our school to donate money to the earthquake­striken area.
为了关心受灾群众渡过难关，重建家园，学校号召所有人向地震灾区捐款。

精美语篇
How to survive in an earthquake
On August 8,2021 an earthquake with the magnitude of 7.0 hit Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province. The earthquake has caused significant damage. So how to take safety measures during an earthquake has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines on staying safe in earthquakes.
Firstly, don't be nervous and keep calm. Try to get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls, signs, power lines and anything else that might fall on
you if you are outdoors.
Secondly, if you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. Cover your head and neck with your arms. The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room. Avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors and hanging objects.
Thirdly, never go to the stairs and never take the lift to go downstairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people.
Though we can't stop earthquakes, we can reduce the damage that earthquakes bring us if we take right measures.
◆高频单词
1．burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发→burst (过去式/过去分词)
2．event (n.) 事件；大事
3．nation (n.) 国家；民族；国民→national (adj.) 国家的；民族的；全国的→nationality (n.) 国籍
4．dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土→dirty (adj.) 肮脏的
5．ruin (n.) 废墟；毁灭 (vt.) 毁灭；使破产→ruined (adj.) (建筑物)毁坏了的；严峻受损的
6．suffering (n.) 苦难；痛楚→suffer (v.) 遭受(苦难等)
7．extreme (adj.) 极度的→extremely (adv.) 极度地
8．injure (vt.) 损害；损害→injury (n.) 损害；损害→injured (adj.) 受伤的9．survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物→survive (vt. & vi.) 幸存；存活下来→survival (n.) 生存；存活；幸存
10．destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction (n.) 破坏；摧残
11．track (n.) 轨道；足迹；痕迹 (vt.) 跟踪；追踪
12．useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的→useful (反义词) (adj.) 有用的；有益的
13．shock (vt. & vi.) (使)震动；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震动→shocking (adj.) 令人震动的→shocked (adj.) 震动的
14．rescue (n. & vt.) 援救；营救
15．trap (vt.) 使陷入逆境 (n.) 陷阱；逆境→trapped (过去式/过去分词)
16．electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学→electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的→electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的
17．disaster (n.) 灾难；灾祸
18．bury (vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
19．shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处→sheltered (adj.) 有遮避物的；受到爱护的
20．damage (n. & vt.) 缺失；损害
21．frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；恐吓→frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening (adj.) 令人惧怕的
22．congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate (vt.) 祝贺
23．judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt. & vi.) 确信；判定；判决→_judgement (n.) 判定力；识别力
24．express (vt.) 表示；表达 (n.) 快车；速递→expression (n.) 表达；表情
◆重点短语
1．right_away 赶忙；赶忙
2．think_little_of 轻视；认为……没价值
3．as_if 看起来；看起来
4．at_an_end 终止；终结
5．in_ruins 严峻受损；破败不堪
6．dig_out 掘出；发觉
7．a (great) number of 许多；大量的
8．in the open air 在户外
9．raise money 集资；筹款；募捐
◆热点句型
1．too ... to ... “太……而不能……”
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat (紧张得不吃食)．(教材P26)
2．looking for ... 是现在分词短语作相伴状语
Mice ran out of the fields looking_for_places_to_hide (找地点藏身)．(教材P26) 3．It seems/seemed as if ... “看起来看起来……”
It_seemed_as_if (看起来看起来) the world was at an end！(教材P26)
4．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents (成了孤儿)．(教材P26)
5．everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句
Everywhere_they_looked (人们不管朝哪看) nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)
6．all ... not表示部分否定
All_hope_was_not (并不是所有的期望) lost.(教材P26)
◆同步训练
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．It was felt in Beijing, ________ is more than two hundred kilometres away.
答案：which
2．In fifteen terrible seconds a large city ________ (lie) in ruins.
答案：lay
3．________number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
答案：The
4．The army organized teams to dig out those who (trap) and to bury the dead.
答案：were trapped
5．Workers built shelters for survivors ________ homes had been destroyed.
答案：whose
6．________ (slow), the city began to breathe again.
答案：Slowly
7．This ________ (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
答案：frightened
8．________(congratulate)! We are pleased ________ (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition.
答案：Congratulations; to tell
9．Your speech was heard by a group of five ________ (judge), all of ________ agreed that it was the best one this year.
答案：judges; whom
10．________you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty­five years ago.
答案：As
1 burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发
n．突然破裂；爆发
教材原句
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)
在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。

burst out突然迸发；爆发
burst out doing sth.＝burst into＋n. 突然……起来
burst into tears/laughter＝burst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来
burst out cheering＝burst into cheers 突然欢呼起来
burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入
burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支
a burst of 一阵……
①Hearing this, the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.
听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。

②He burst_into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我专门动气。

③At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst_with_joy.
听到那个星期爸爸要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得心花怒放。

2 ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹
vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产
教材原句
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26)
在可怕的15秒内，一座大都市就成为了一片废墟。

(1)lie/be in ruins (建筑物)倒塌；破败不堪
go to ruin/fall into ruin (因无人照管而)衰落、败落
bring ... to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
①When they returned the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins. 当他们翌日回来时，他们发觉他们的街区已成为一片废墟。

②A large number of churches fell_into_ruin after the revolution.
革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。

③A village once so attractive was brought_to_ruin.
一个曾经那么美好的村庄被毁掉了。

④Wasting time doing nothing is to ruin_oneself.
什么事也不做会使自己毁灭。

⑤The bad weather has ruined_all_my_pleasure for the holiday.
糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。

3 injure vt.损害；损害
教材原句
Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)
他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。

(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 受伤的人(表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数)
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；损害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 损害某人
①Because my left foot was_injured in the football game, I cannot go there with you as planned.
由于我的左脚在足球竞赛中受伤了，我不能按打算和你一起去那儿。

②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the_injured to the hospital.
在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故，抢救车把伤者火速送到了医院。

③Don't lift that toolbox—you'll do_yourself_an_injury!
别搬那只工具箱，你会伤着你自己的！
④用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空
a．He claimed that working too hard was harming his health.
b．He died of a single gunshot wound to the left side of his head.
c．What he said hurt me deeply.
d．One of the players injured his knee and had to be sent to the hospital.
4 shock vt.& vi.(使)震动；震动
n．休克；打击；震动
教材原句
Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.(P26)
井里充满了沙子而不是水。

人们都震动了。

(1)be in a state of shock 大为震动；休克
a big/great shock 极大的震动
be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
come as a shock 让某人大吃一惊
(2)shocked adj. 感到惊奇的
be shocked at/by sth. 对……感到震动
(3)shocking adj. 令人震动的
shock意为“令人震动的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词a连用。

即：抽象名词具体化。

①I was_shocked_at_the_news that he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我深感震动。

②Now, electric_shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
现在，电击训练和药物治疗正关心挽救这些大鸟。

③It came as_a_shock that I was promoted.
我升职的消息着实让人吃惊。

④He isn't seriously injured but he is in_a_state_of_shock.
他伤得不重，但惊魂未定/处于休克状态。

⑤After the shocking news spread throughout the whole city, everyone felt shocked.
在那个令人震动的消息传遍全城之后，人人都深感震动。

5 bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使用心；使沉醉；隐藏
教材原句
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P26)
救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。

(1)be buried in 埋头于；用心于
be buried in thought 深思
(2)bury oneself in one's work/studies. 埋头工作/用心学习
bury one's face/head in one's hands 双手掩面/抱头
表“用心于某事”的短语常见的还有：be devoted to, be absorbed in, be addicted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on等。

①Ever since he moved there, he has_buried_himself_in his research work.
→Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.
自从搬到那儿以后，他一直用心于研究工作。

②She sat there, buried_in_thought.
她坐在那儿，陷入了深思。

③She buried_her_face_in_her_hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Greatly ________ (shock) at the sad news, he stood there, paralysed with fear.
答案：shocked be shocked at sth. “对某事感到震动”。

故此处填形容词shocked 作状语。

2．To our relief, up to now the ________ (injure) in the earthquake of Jiuzhaigou County in Sichuan Province have been carried to the nearby hospital.
答案：injured the injured “伤员”。

“the＋adj.”表示一类人。

3．I haven't read all of his books before, but ______ (judge) from the one I have read, I think he's a very promising writer.
答案：judging judging from ... “由……来判定”。

4．On seeing Jay Chou appear on the Voice of China, the audience burst out ________ (cheer)．
答案：cheering 此处为“burst out＋doing”结构，意为“突然……起来”。

5．With his face ________ (bury) in the pillow, he cried loudly.
答案：buried 此处为with的复合结构。

his face与bury之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。

6．The whole city lay in ________ (ruin) after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.
答案：ruins lie in ruins “成为废墟”。

句意：地震之后整个都市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The rescue team has saved more than ten people trapping under the collapsed building.
______________________________________________________
答案：trapping→trapped
2．She found it was extreme difficult to get a job.
______________________________________________________
答案：extreme→extremely
3．I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered out from the freezing and blowing weather.
______________________________________________________
答案：去掉out
4．The two sportsmen congratulated each other in winning the match by shaking hands.
______________________________________________________
答案：in→on
at an end 终止；终结
教材原句
It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
看起来到了世界末日！
(1)at the end of 在……尽头/末端(指时刻或空间)
in the end 最后；终于
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
come to an end 终止
be at an end 终止
put/bring an end to sth. 终止某事
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(2)end up with 以……终止
end up doing sth.最后做某事；最终做某事
(3)ending n. 结局；结尾
endless adj. 无止境的；连续的
①The meeting was nearly at_an_end when I got to the meeting room.
当我到达会议室时，会议快要终止了。

②It's hard work but if you hang on you will succeed in_the_end.
这是项困难的工作，但假如你坚持，最后是能成功的。

③By_the_end_of this week, I will have finished most of the work.
到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。

④Many families struggled to make_ends_meet in economic crisis.
经济危机时专门多家庭努力使收支平稳。

⑤At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended_up_apologizing.
最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来依旧道了歉。

a (great ) number of 许多；大量的
教材原句
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)
那么多人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。

(1)
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫a great/large/small number of a great/good many a good few/quite a few ＋可数名词复数 (2)
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫a great deal of a great/large amount of large amounts of quite a little ＋不可数名词 (3)
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫a lot of/lots of a great/large quantity of large quantities of plenty of
＋可数名词复数或不可数名词 (4) ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫many a more than one ＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词
(1)a number of “许多的；大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。

number 之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。

a number of 加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

the number of “……的数量”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。

the number of 加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

(2)a great many 后修饰可数名词时，通常不加of ，但名词前有定冠词the 或形容词性物主代词修饰时要加上of 。

(3)large quantities of ＋pl . n ．/[U] n ．作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity of ＋pl . n . /[U] n ．作主语，谓语动词应和名词的数保持一致：复数名词时，动词用复数形式，不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；large amounts of ＋[U] n ．作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large amount of ＋[U] n ．作主语，谓语动词用单数。

①A large number of people have_applied for the job.
许多人申请了这工作。

②The number of visitors to Phuket Island in Thailand has now greatly increased.
到泰国普吉岛的游客数量现在大幅增加。

③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed away.
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。

④Many a famous pop star has_been ruined by drugs.
专门多闻名的流行音乐歌星都被毒品毁了。

Ⅰ.选词填空
in ruins； a large number of； at an end； right away； think
little of； dig out
1．
________.
答案：right away
2．I had a pain in my back, but ________ it at the time.
答案：thought little of
3．I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own ________ books.
答案：a large number of
4．This latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now ________.
答案：at an end
5．Some of them ________ the earth, others were carrying the earth away in wheelbarrows, while the rest stood doing nothing.
答案：were digging out
6．What surprised us was that the whole city lay ________ in such a short time.
答案：in ruins
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．She left the room hurriedly ____________________.
她匆忙离开房间看起来动气的模样。

答案：as if (she was) angry
2．He demanded that his salary ______________________.
他要求应该赶忙给他加工资。

答案：should be increased right away
3．They did whatever they could—from tutoring to washing cars—________________ for charity.
他们竭尽所能，包括辅导功课到给别人洗车来为慈善机构筹集资金。

答案：to raise money
4．It's good for you to run ______________________.
在户外跑步，对你来说是有益的。

答案：in the open air
In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26)
在农场里，鸡群甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食了。

too ... to ... “太……而不能……”，表示否定意义，而在下列情形中表示确信意义：
(1)only/just/but too ... to ... “专门……去做……”
too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的确信语气。

(2)too后面的形容词为表示心情或描画性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示确信意义。

(3)too ... to ... 中的too前面有never/can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示确信。

can't ... too ... /can't ... enough “越……越好；再……也不为过”。

①It's too_late_to_do anything about it now.
现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。

②He is only too_delighted_to accept your invitation.
他专门快乐地同意了你的邀请。

③You can't_be_too_careful/can't_be_careful_enough while driving a car.
在开车时，你越小心越好。

It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
看起来到了世界末日！
(1)本句中as if＝as though意为“看起来；看起来”，引导表语从句。

常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。

(2)as if还可引导状语从句。

当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生/存在的情形时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done
与今后事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should do
假如as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，如此as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。

①When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as_if it is missing something.
当食物中去掉了脂肪和盐的时候，它尝起来看起来缺少了什么。

②When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.
当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去看起来断了。

③He beha ved as if nothing had_happened.
他表现得若无其事。

④The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he_is)_hurt_badly in the leg.
那个足球运动员在操场上打着滚，看起来他的腿伤得专门厉害。

All hope was not lost.(P26)
并不是所有的期望都破灭了。

(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用时，不管not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。

(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与确信式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。

both的全部否定为neither; all的全部否定为none; either 与否定词连用表全部否定。

①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for them.
所有的求职者都找到工作是不可能的，因为并非所有人都能胜任这些工作。

②Both of the two math problems are_not very difficult.
＝Not_both of the two math problems are very difficult.
这两道数学题并非都专门难。

③He told me all pieces of the news, but none_of_them was very exciting.
他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一条兴奋人心的。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He had lost his courage and his health in the war and never found ________ of them again.
答案：either 否定词never与either连用表示全部否定。

句意：在战争中他失去了勇气和健康，同时再也不能把这些找回来了。

2．She walked here and there on the playground as if ________ (look) for something.
答案：looking 此处为状语从句的省略，从句补充完整为：as if she was looking for something。

由于从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且含有be动词，故省略了从句中的主语和be动词，故用looking。

3．I can't thank you ________ much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
答案：too 此处为“can't ... too ...”结构，意为“不管……也不为过”。

4．School started, but I felt more and more nervous as if I ________ (be) in a foreign country now.
答案：were 由句末的now可知，此处as if引导的从句表示与现在事实相反的情形，故用were。

5．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________.
答案：everything 否定词与every, all等连用时表部分否定，依照语境可知，空处填everything。

Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Just as an old saying goes：“It is never ____________.”
正如那句老话：“活到老，学到老”。

答案：too old to learn
2．__________________________________， for it is quite hard for some of them.
并不是所有人都情愿做如此的工作，因为它关于有些人来说太难了。

答案：Not all people are willing to do such work
3．He looked sad as if he ________________ the next day.
他看上去专门悲伤，就像翌日要没命一样。

答案：would die
定语从句(Ⅰ)
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when,
where, why等)两类。

关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。

关系代词的差不多用法
指代对象指代人指代物使用情形
主语who, that which, that
从句中缺少主语或宾语宾语whom, that which, that
定语whose whose 先行词与从句主语有所属关系
failure.
完全满足于现状的人是失败者。

②The building which/that stands near the river is our school.
在河邻近的大楼是我们学校。

③That is the book that/which I want to read.
那是我想读的那本书。

④Do you know the man whose name is Wang Bing?
你明白那个叫王冰的人吗？
⑤The building whose windows face south was built last year.
窗户朝南的那座建筑是去年建成的。

关系代词的选择条件：从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。

注意：有些情形只用that不用which，或只用which不用that，要在平常学习中不断积存。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
答案：that 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词被little修饰，故用that。

句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。

2．In China, the number of cities is increasing ________ development is recognised across the world.
答案：whose whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词cities，而whose本身也在从句中作定语，修饰development。

句意：在中国，都市数量正在增加，这些都市的进展得到了全世界的认可。

3．Do you have anything ________ you want to say at the meeting?
答案：that 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，由于先行词为不定代词，故填that。

4．The books on the shelf, ________ covers are beautiful, are bought by my father.
答案：whose 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为books，与从句主语covers为所属关系，故填whose作定语。

5．After then Mary, ________ we had been talking about earlier, walked in.
答案：whom 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，指人，故用whom。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My father and Mr Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
______________________________________________________
答案：who→that
2．The room which window faces south is mine.
______________________________________________________
答案：which→whose
3．I have read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
______________________________________________________
答案：which→that
Ⅰ.阅读明白得
A
Last Thursday, Michael and Linda stood behind large food trucks distributing meals to 4,000 homeless people for their wedding reception in the border town of Kilis. The couple had decided that instead of hosting their friends and family for a traditional feast reception, they would feed the victims from an earthquake­stric ken area.
The idea came from the bridegroom's father, Ted, who volunteers for a Turkish relief organization. For the past few years, the organization has distributed daily meals to thousands of people who've suffered from natural disasters. He approached a representative of the organization and suggested that the family cover part of the costs of feeding them for the day.
Then he told his son, who was surprised by the suggestion, but soon won over. When he told that to the bride, she was really shocked but finally accepted because in southeastern Turkey there is a real culture of sharing with people in need. They love to share their food, their table and everything they have. And afterwards she was quite amazed about it. So, they arrived at the distribution center on Thursday to spend the day serving food and taking photographs with their grateful recipients (同意者)．
On Tuesday evening, the newly married couple were still pleased with their decision to quit a personal celebration for one with a greater good. “I t's like sharing a dinner with your friends and family who have this kind of thing on a daily basis or sharing something with people who don't even have the most basic things，” Michael said. “Hopefully, this will also give the start for other wedding dinne rs to be held here with our brothers and sisters in need.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

文章描述了一场专门的婚礼：一对善良的夫妻用救济震区灾民的形式来庆祝婚礼，让人仰慕。

1．Why did so many people crowd in Kilis?
A．To attend Michael and Linda's wedding.
B．To support the organization.
C．To escape the damaging earthquake.
D．To help distribute free daily meals.
答案：C 细节明白得题。

依照第一段首句中的“Michael and Linda stood behind large food trucks distributing meals to 4,000 homeless people for their wedding reception on the border town of Kilis”和第二句中的“they would feed the victims fr om an earthquake­stricken area”可知，他们在婚礼上为从地震灾区而来的无家可归的4,000人分发食物，因此这些人是地震灾区的灾民，是来避难的，故选C。

2．What does the underlined word “approached” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Took in. B．Moved towards.
C．Came across. D．Consulted with.
答案：D 词义推测题。

此处指他找了一个成员代表和那个人商讨那个问题。

画线词语
应是“洽谈，商讨”的意思，与D项相近，故选D。

3．How did the couple celebrate their wedding?
A．They treated their friends and relatives to a big dinner.
B．They shared their happiness with the homeless in Kilis.
C．They afforded the entire cost of the day for feeding victims.
D．They took photos with the grateful victims.
答案：B 细节明白得题。

依照第一段首句中的“Michael and Linda stood behind large food trucks distributing meals to 4,000 homeless people for their wedding reception on the border town of Kilis”和第二句中的“they would feed the victims from an earthquake­stricken area”可知，他们决定不宴请亲朋，而是在结婚当日为从地震灾区而来的无家可归的4,000人分发食物，因此这对夫妻用救济灾民的方式来庆祝婚礼，故选B。

4．We can know from the text that ________.
A．Kilis is a place which lies in southeastern Turkey
B．Ted was a representative of the organization
C．Linda adopted the suggestion immediately she heard it
D．Michael doubted if more new couples would follow him
答案：A 细节推理题。

依照倒数第二段第二句可知，Kilis在土耳其东南部，故选A。

B
If you live in an earthquake­prone area, it's wise to prepare your family well in advance for the next “Big One”. It's always important to make sure to prepare for earthquakes. Earthquakes are more common than some people realize, and though they rarely end up causing damage, it's important to have your family prepared for an earthquake hit.
Put together an emergency kit that includes food and water to last a week, a fire extinguisher, portable radio, batteries, flashlight, and first­aid supplies.
Note all safe spots in each room, such as doorways or under sturdy tables and desks. Know the dangerous spots, such as fireplaces, windows, mirrors and hanging objects. Point out safety exits and keep those areas clear.
Make sure your family knows where emergency supplies are located. Check to be sure that everyone knows where and how to turn off electrical, gas, and water main valve and switches. Make sure that all family members know how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity in case there is damage after the earthquake that needs to be taken care of. It may prove useful to take your digital camera and make a “How to G uide”， customized to your home, for these things which can be stored in the kit.
Establish how and where your family will reunite if separated during the quake. Arrange a place for the family to meet, if you cannot return to your home after the earthquake. If you have a relative outside of your area, arrange ahead of time to use his/her phone number as a contact point. Remember that phone lines will be needed
for emergencies, so delay getting on the phone immediately after the earthquake.
Conduct earthquake drills with your family every six months.
Warnings and tips：
Warm clothing and extra sleeping bags come in handy. Games, toys, and books help keep young ones comforted and entertained. Keep what you can pack with your emergency kit.
Turning on light switches or lighting candles can start leaking gas—choose flashlights instead.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章要紧介绍了如何样和家人一起为地震做好自救预备。

5．The first paragraph is used as ________.
A．a comment B．a definition
C．an introduction D．a warning
答案：C 细节明白得题。

第一段要紧是对地震及做好防震预备的简单介绍，从而为下文做好铺垫。

故选C。

6．The underlined word “sturdy” in Paragraph 3 may mean “________”．
A．wooden B．wide
C．long D．solid
答案：D 词义推测题。

结合第三段第一句中的“Note all safe spots in each room, such as doorways or ...”可知，此处是在列举那些安全的地点，因此那个词应该是表示“结实的”。

7．To prepare for an earthquake, you are advised to ________.
A．pack some daily supplies into a package to carry
B．call your family members immediately after an earthquake
C．hide near the windows to be ready for jumping outside
D．take your digital camera to record the scene of an earthquake
答案：A 细节明白得题。

依照第二段中的“Put together an emergency kit that includes food and ...”可知，应该预备一个应用于地震急救的物品包，故答案选A。

8．Which of the following should you avoid doing when an earthquake happens?
A．Turning off lights switches.
B．Lighting candles.
C．Putting toys into your emergency kit.
D．Taking a flashlight along.
答案：B 细节明白得题。

从最后一段中的“Turning on light switches or lighting candles can start leaking gas”可知，地震发生时，应该幸免打开电灯或点燃蜡烛。

故选B。

Ⅱ.七选五
依照短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为余外选项。

Keeping Safe in Your House During a Fire
Though you may not think you'll ever fall victim to a house fire, it's better to be prepared to avoid panicking. To increase your chances of survival, just follow these steps.
1.React as soon as you hear your smoke alarm go off. On hearing your smoke detector or alarm going off and seeing a fire, exit your home as safely as possible. __1__
2.Safely exit through doors. If you don't see smoke at the door, open it slowly and pass through it after making sure the door feels cool. If there is a fire preventing you from exiting the room, close the door.
3.Protect yourself from smoke inhalation (吸入). Get low to the floor and crouch or crawl on your hands and knees to avoid the smoke. __2__ Cover your nose and mouth if you have to walk by or through a heavily smoke­filled room.
4.__3__ If your clothes catch fire, immediately stop what you're doing, drop flat to the ground, and roll around until you put the fire out.
5.Prevent the smoke if you can't get out. __4__ Close your door and cover all vents (通风口) and cracks (缝隙) around it with cloth or tape to keep the smoke out.
6.Call for help from a second storey window. __5__ You can take a sheet or something else—white preferably—and hang it out the window to signify that you need help when the first responders get there.
A．If you can't escape your home, don't panic.
B．Stop, drop, and roll if your clothes catch fire.
C．You are probably a lot safer by closing doors.
D．Escape from a second storey window if you can.
E．Smoke inhalation causes people to become unconscious.
F．Do not try to get your phone, valuables, or your other important possessions.
G．If you are trapped in your second storey room, get to an area where people can find you.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了房屋着火时屋内的人该如何逃生。

1．F 空格前是说一听到烟雾探测器发出警报声或一看到火苗，就尽可能安全地离开家。

F项“不要试图拿手机、贵重物品或其他重要的财物”承接上文内容，符合语境。

故选F。

2．E依照该段第一句可知，该段的主题是幸免吸入烟雾。

E项中的“Smoke inhalation”与该段内容相符，符合语境。

故选E。

3．B 空格处是该段的主题句。

依照该段内容可知，该段介绍了衣服着火后正确的做法。

B项“赶忙停下来，躺在地上打滚”是对该段内容的总括，符合语境。

故选B。

4．A 空格前是说不能出去的时候要幸免烟雾进来，空格后是说在屋内防止烟雾进来的具体做法。

A项“假如你没法从屋里逃出去，不要恐慌”承上启下，符合语境。

故选A。

5．G 依照该段第一句可知，该段是说在二楼的窗户边求救。

G项“假如你被困在二楼的房间，去别人能看到你的地点”与该段主题一致，且能引出下文对具体做法的介绍。

故选G。