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trap heat and make our atmosphere warmer and warmer. If we do
not start to do something about it right now, we will suffer growing
consequences such as floods and droughts, and vast coastal areas will be under water.
topics and sponsor(s) of the event, and the place and time it is to be held. Usually a registration form and a list of topics are
attached to it. Dates for papers, social events, and an
4. DS ____ People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again. 3. DS ____ Small cars, rather than huge gas-gulpers, are winning sales. More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited 5. CS ____ energy supply in their daily life. More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities 2. DS ____ putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems. Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought 1. TS ____ the bicycle into renewed popularity.
dispose of plastic wastes, they will pile up on the earth for tens,
or even hundreds of years. Besides, plastics are the cause of many deaths of animals and fish because they mistake them for food. We must find a solution to plastic pollution before our earth is covered with plastics.
Reference
2. Plastic wastes are becoming a serious environmental problem.
Reference
Ex. 19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out a reasonable conclusion for each of them.
introduction of local sightseeing tours, etc., are also stated.
Sample
Dear Colleague, We invite you to attend an international symposium, to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, in September 1998, on standards for the protection of public health and the environment relative to radioactive (放射性的) waste disposal. The organizers, the Stockholm Environment Institute, the Swedish Radiation Protection Institute and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, are pleased to be co-sponsors of this symposium. The disposal and storage of radioactive waste is an issue of major concern. Thus, there is an increasing need to discuss, develop and finally work out the fundamental standards for protection of public health and the environment.
Ex. 18 Identify the functions of the following sentences and rearrange them in logical order to form a continuous whole. The last sentence has been done for you.
Exercises
Exercise
18
Exercise
19
Ex. 18 Identify the functions of the following sentences and rearrange them in logical order to form a continuous whole. The last sentence has been done for you. ____ People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again. ____ Small cars, rather than huge gas-gulpers, are winning sales. More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited ____ energy supply in their daily life. More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities ____ putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems. Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought 1. TS ____ the bicycle into renewed popularity.
Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues today. Cars and factories release large amounts of
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere each year. These gases
Letter of Invitation
A formal letter of invitation to a symposium (研讨会), forum or conference is different from a personal letter. It is more like the
announcement of an event, informing the recipient of the aim,
Ex. 19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out a reasonable conclusion for each of them.
Plastic wastes are becoming a harmful environmental problem. Plastic products, such as bags, containers, boxes, etc. have brought us convenience, but they have also brought disastrous problems to our environment. As it is difficult to
Unit 1
Return to Menu
General Writing
Practical Writing
Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development To write a good paragraph in communication, the writer first needs to decide upon his purpose or idea and to try to make it clear to his reader in a topic sentence. Then, almost immediately, he should develop his idea by presenting relevant supporting details. After that, he needs to give a logical conclusion to the idea just discussed to satisfy the reader psychologically. With all this, and with various other means of paragraph development, he organizes the paragraph and gives it an overall structure of unity. Examine the sample below to see how the topic sentence (TS) establishes the focus, how the developing sentences (DS) present the supporting details, and how the concluding sentence (CS) summarizes the main idea.
S of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity. (TS) Citizens who own bikes find themselves pedaling to work and school rather than getting the car out of the garage. Owners of bicycle sales-and-repair shops find their business booming. Many cities have set aside “bikeways” for the convenience and safety of cyclists. Police reports show bicycle theft growing, and sellers of padlocks and chains for bike protection are making new profits. (DS) More and more Americans are discovering that pedal-pumping is cheaper than gas-pumping and that bicycles don’t make smog. (CS)
Ex. 19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out a reasonable conclusion for each of them.
1. Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues today.
not start to do something about it right now, we will suffer growing
consequences such as floods and droughts, and vast coastal areas will be under water.
topics and sponsor(s) of the event, and the place and time it is to be held. Usually a registration form and a list of topics are
attached to it. Dates for papers, social events, and an
4. DS ____ People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again. 3. DS ____ Small cars, rather than huge gas-gulpers, are winning sales. More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited 5. CS ____ energy supply in their daily life. More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities 2. DS ____ putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems. Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought 1. TS ____ the bicycle into renewed popularity.
dispose of plastic wastes, they will pile up on the earth for tens,
or even hundreds of years. Besides, plastics are the cause of many deaths of animals and fish because they mistake them for food. We must find a solution to plastic pollution before our earth is covered with plastics.
Reference
2. Plastic wastes are becoming a serious environmental problem.
Reference
Ex. 19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out a reasonable conclusion for each of them.
introduction of local sightseeing tours, etc., are also stated.
Sample
Dear Colleague, We invite you to attend an international symposium, to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, in September 1998, on standards for the protection of public health and the environment relative to radioactive (放射性的) waste disposal. The organizers, the Stockholm Environment Institute, the Swedish Radiation Protection Institute and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, are pleased to be co-sponsors of this symposium. The disposal and storage of radioactive waste is an issue of major concern. Thus, there is an increasing need to discuss, develop and finally work out the fundamental standards for protection of public health and the environment.
Ex. 18 Identify the functions of the following sentences and rearrange them in logical order to form a continuous whole. The last sentence has been done for you.
Exercises
Exercise
18
Exercise
19
Ex. 18 Identify the functions of the following sentences and rearrange them in logical order to form a continuous whole. The last sentence has been done for you. ____ People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again. ____ Small cars, rather than huge gas-gulpers, are winning sales. More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited ____ energy supply in their daily life. More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities ____ putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems. Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought 1. TS ____ the bicycle into renewed popularity.
Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues today. Cars and factories release large amounts of
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere each year. These gases
Letter of Invitation
A formal letter of invitation to a symposium (研讨会), forum or conference is different from a personal letter. It is more like the
announcement of an event, informing the recipient of the aim,
Ex. 19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out a reasonable conclusion for each of them.
Plastic wastes are becoming a harmful environmental problem. Plastic products, such as bags, containers, boxes, etc. have brought us convenience, but they have also brought disastrous problems to our environment. As it is difficult to
Unit 1
Return to Menu
General Writing
Practical Writing
Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development To write a good paragraph in communication, the writer first needs to decide upon his purpose or idea and to try to make it clear to his reader in a topic sentence. Then, almost immediately, he should develop his idea by presenting relevant supporting details. After that, he needs to give a logical conclusion to the idea just discussed to satisfy the reader psychologically. With all this, and with various other means of paragraph development, he organizes the paragraph and gives it an overall structure of unity. Examine the sample below to see how the topic sentence (TS) establishes the focus, how the developing sentences (DS) present the supporting details, and how the concluding sentence (CS) summarizes the main idea.
S of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity. (TS) Citizens who own bikes find themselves pedaling to work and school rather than getting the car out of the garage. Owners of bicycle sales-and-repair shops find their business booming. Many cities have set aside “bikeways” for the convenience and safety of cyclists. Police reports show bicycle theft growing, and sellers of padlocks and chains for bike protection are making new profits. (DS) More and more Americans are discovering that pedal-pumping is cheaper than gas-pumping and that bicycles don’t make smog. (CS)
Ex. 19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out a reasonable conclusion for each of them.
1. Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues today.