专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷310(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷310(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
听力原文： A Short History of the Origins and Development of English Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to talk about the origins and development of English language. The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders—mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from an angle-shaped land area and their language was called Englisc—from which the words England and English are derived. Generally speaking, the history of the language is divided in to three: Old English, Middle English, Modern English. In some books, Modern English is divided into two—Early Modern and Late Modem English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. It had some sounds which we don’t have now. In grammar, Old English was much more highly inflected than Middle English because there were case endings for nouns, more person and number endings of words and a more complicated pronoun systems as well as various endings for adjectives. In vocabulary, Old English is also quite different from Middle English. Most of the Old English words are native English which weren’t borrowed from other languages. On the other hand, Old English contains borrowed words coming from Norse and Latin. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words, be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Now let’s come to the Middle English. In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy which is part of modern France, invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors called the Normans brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words
added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer. Middle English was still a Germanic language but it is different from Old English in many ways. Grammar and the sound system changed a good deal. People started to rely more on word order and structure words to express their meaning rather than the use of case system. “This can be called as a simplification but it is not exactly. Languages don’t become simpler, they merely exchange one kind of complexity for another”, Clark and Eschholz says. Middle English would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today. Following up is the early Modern English. Towards the end of Middle English, English underwent a couple of sound changes. One change was the elimination of a vowel sound in certain unstressed positions at the end of the words. The change was important because it effected thousands of words and gave a different aspect to the whole language. The other change is what is called the Great V owel Shift. This was a systematic shifting of half a dozen vowels and diphthongs in stressed syllables. These two changes produced the basic differences between Middle English and Modern English. But there are several other developments that effected the language. One was the invention of printing. It was introduced to England by William Caxton in 1475. The invention of printing meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. Many new words and phrases entered the language. The period of Early Modern English was also a period of English Renaissance, which means the development of the people. New ideas increased. English language had grown as a result of borrowing words from French, Latin, Greek. Next, let’s talk about the Late Modern English. The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words: secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries. Now I’d like to briefly introduce to you varieties of English. From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze”when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms”are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. For example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn: another example, frame-up was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies. Spanish also had an influence on American English and subsequently British English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words through Louisiana and West African words through the slave trade also influenced American English and so, to an
extent, British English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology including the Internet. But there are many other varieties of English around the world, such as Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English. To conclude, English mainly underwent three periods of development. Hope all of you have enjoyed this lecture. Thank you.
A Short History of the Origins and Development of EnglishI. Origins—dated back to【T1】______ of three Germanic tribes:【T1】______the Angles,【T2】______ and the Jutes.【T2】______II. Development of EnglishA. Old English1. much more highly inflected【T3】______ than Middle English【T3】______2. consists of most【T4】______ words and some borrowed ones【T4】______B. Middle English1. French words were【T5】______ the vocabulary【T5】______2. much change on grammar and【T6】______【T6】______C. Early Modern English1. elimination of a vowel sound in certain【T7】______positions【T7】______2. the Great V owel Shift3. invention of printing:1)common language appearing【T8】______【T8】______2)bringing【T9】______ to English【T9】______4. a period of English Renaissance: borrowing words from French ,Latin, GreekD. Late Modern Englishtwo principal factors【T10】______ more words:【T10】______1. the Industrial Revolution and technology2.【T11】______ foreign words from many countries【T11】______III. Main influencing factors on the varieties of EnglishA. the English【T12】______ of North America【T12】______example: trash for rubbish:【T13】______ for lend etc.【T13】______B.【T14】______ words like canyon, ranch, stampede etc.【T14】______C. French wordsD.【T15】______ words【T15】______
1．【T1】
正确答案：the arrival
解析：这篇讲座的主题是“the origins and development of English(英语的起源与发展)”。

讲座一开始便指出英语的历史开始于三个日耳曼部落的到来。

因此答案为the arrival。

知识模块：听力
2．【T2】
正确答案：the Saxons
解析：三个日耳曼部落分别是盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人，此空应填入the Saxons。

表示并列、举例的词句应重点记录。

知识模块：听力
3．【T3】
正确答案：in grammar
解析：古英语是英语发展的第一个阶段，讲座主要从语法和词汇两方面讲述了古英语与中世纪英语的不同之处。

若笔记中记录了关键句In grammar，Old
English was much more highly inflected，可知此处应填入in grammar。

知识模块：听力
4．【T4】
正确答案：native
解析：讲座提到，古英语大部分的词汇是本地英语，也有一些来自挪威和拉丁的外来语。

因此答案为native。

若笔记中没记录native一词，也可根据空格后的borrowed ones推断。

知识模块：听力
5．【T5】
正确答案：added into
解析：14世纪英语在英国又占支配地位，但许多法语词汇也添加进来，这种语言被称为中世纪英语。

空格前的were提示应填入动词的过去分词形式，注意仅仅填入原文中的added不能直接接后面的宾语the vocabulary,所以要加上介词into。

知识模块：听力
6．【T6】
正确答案：sound system
解析：在谈到中世纪英语时，讲座提到，中世纪英语中引入了法语词汇，且语法和语音系统(grammar and sound system)发生了很大的变化，人们开始更多地依赖词序和结构词来表达自己的意思。

因此答案为sound system。

知识模块：听力
7．【T7】
正确答案：unstressed
解析：在谈到现代英语早期阶段时，讲座提到了几方面的改变。

其中之一就是消除了词尾非重读位置的一个元音字母，此空应填入unstressed。

知识模块：听力
8．【T8】
正确答案：in print
解析：在谈到印刷术的发明时，讲座提到这意味着现在有一种共同语已印出来，因此答案为in print。

知识模块：听力
9．【T9】
正确答案：standardization
解析：讲座提到，印刷术的出现对早期现代英语也产生了重大影响，其一就是促进了英语的标准化，填standardization。

知识模块：听力
10．【T10】
正确答案：resulting in
解析：讲座提到，后期现代英语有了更多的词汇是由于两个主要因素所致，原文中是果在前因在后，而空格处则正好相反，是因在前果在后，所以原文中的arising from要转化为resulting in“导致”。

知识模块：听力
11．【T11】
正确答案：adopting
解析：在谈到现代英语后期时，讲座提到，这个时期的英语最显著的特点是有了更多的词汇，一方面是工业革命和技术发展所引起的，另一方面则是外来语。

根据题目上下文，此处应填入adopt的-ing形式。

知识模块：听力
12．【T12】
正确答案：colonization
解析：在谈到对英语变化的主要影响因素时，首先提到了从大约17世纪开始北美的英语殖民化问题，故填入colonization。

知识模块：听力
13．【T13】
正确答案：loan
解析：讲座讲到了殖民时期给英语所带来的影响，并列举词汇发生变化的例子，根据题目上下文此处应填入loan。

表示举例的词句是笔记重点。

知识模块：听力
14．【T14】
正确答案：Spanish
解析：讲座结尾主要讲述了不同国家的语言对英语词汇的影响，由题目后半部分的词汇canyon，ranch，stampede，再结合录音内容可推知答案为Spanish。

知识模块：听力
15．【T15】
正确答案：West African
解析：在讲座的结尾提到法语词汇和西非词汇也在某种程度上对英语有影响，此空应填入West African。

知识模块：听力
SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken
ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.
听力原文：M: It’s been nearly many years since Madonna first made headlines for trying to adopt a small child from the African nation of Malawi. And she’s since become a voice for the more than 1 million children or orphans in that country and now she’s behind the film on that subject. And tonight, we have Madonna here on our show. Welcome, Madonna.W: Thanks.M: Well... We watched your film I Am Because We Are last night... and it’s amazing. Why have you felt the commitment to help those children?W: Something about their situation connected to me, and in a way I was going on my own journey and connecting to these children and wanting to in a way heal myself whilst helping them.M: And hearing about their suffering? Something opened to you?W: Yeah. I grew up as a motherless child. I had a roof over my head and I had food and I had a school to go to. And I still thought that my world was going to collapse on me, so how could it be for these children who, most of them, having lost both of their parents, having no roof over their head, no food to eat, how horrifying and frightening it must be for them!M: You know, I wonder how this revelation came to you, you know, this is going to be a thing, for you. This is not how people see you.W: I think having children and having a family force you to think about people besides yourself, I mean you don’t really have a choice, I think I just got to a point in my life. I thought I have so much, and it’s a great tragedy if I don’t use what I have to make the world a better place. I know that sounds silly, or cheesy, or like a cliche, whatever... but it’s the truth. If I was challenging people to open up their minds and their hearts, then I had to be willing to stand at the front of the line. And... and I appreciate and understand how people could be cynical, that’s fine, I accept that.M: Why do you appreciate that people can be cynical?W: Because I think we live in a society, that where people are naturally suspicious of acts of altruism or generosity.M: Or maybe they might be suspicious because they might think, well, you know, Madonna changes all the time. Is this simply another fad, a trend, or just a new: is this something that is really core to Madonna.W: My re-inventions are part of my evolution and my growth as a person. They’re aspects of it that are full of lesson. They are aspects of it that are real. I don’t see how anybody who really understands how complicated it is to adopt a child could say that someone toasts to do that as a fad. It’s just too difficult... it’s too traumatic.1. Why did Madonna feel morally obliged to help children in the African nation of Malawi?2. What do we learn about Madonna’s childhood?3. What do we learn from the interview?4. What makes Madonna begin to think about people besides herself?5. What does Madonna indicate during the interview?
16．
A．She once tried to adopt a child there.
B．She wanted to continue her career in Africa.
C．She shared something in common with them.
D．She believed in salvation through faith and work.
正确答案：C
解析：主持人问麦当娜为何觉得有责任帮助那些孩子，麦当娜说，那些孩子所处的境况与她以前的经历有些类似，随后又说到她小时候失去了母亲。

可见，C项中的shared something in common是原文的同义替换，符合题意。

知识模块：听力
17．
A．She lost both of her parents.
B．She was ill-treated by her stepmother.
C．She was on the verge of collapse as a motherless child.
D．She was adopted by her relatives.
正确答案：C
解析：麦当娜说到她很小的时候就失去了母亲，虽然有房子住、有食物可以吃、有学可以上，但没有妈妈让她很崩溃，C项表述与此一致。

A属于张冠李戴，失去双亲的是非洲的一些孤儿；B中的stepmother和D中的“被亲戚收养”属于无中生有。

知识模块：听力
18．
A．Madonna has no idea why people could be so cynical.
B．Madonna may not be a good foster parent in the public eye.
C．Madonna’s house had collapsed when she was a child.
D．Madonna’s family was very poor when she was a little girl.
正确答案：B
解析：(抚养)事件公开后，主持人谈到民众对该事件的看法时提到，This is not how people see you，再结合她后来说的可以理解人们为什么会冷嘲热讽(cynical)可推断，一般民众可能认为麦当娜并不能很好地履行抚养责任，选B。

知识模块：听力
19．
A．Having children and a family.
B．Going through some tragedies.
C．Being challenged to open up minds.
D．Experiencing too much.
正确答案：A
解析：麦当娜说只有当有了孩子和家庭之后，才会考虑到自己以外的人，A 与此相符，为本题答案。

其他选项都是利用对话中的只言片语制造的干扰。

知识模块：听力
20．
A．People appreciate others’ being cynical.
B．People are more generous and unselfish than before.
C．She’s not so open-minded as people around her.
D．It’s natural that people’s charity efforts are being doubted.
正确答案：D
解析：当主持人问到麦当娜为何能理解民众的冷嘲热讽时，她说，因为在我们生活的社会，人们怀疑别人的利他主义行为和慷慨大方是很自然的。

因而D 为正确答案。

知识模块：听力
听力原文：M: It’s been hard then to adopt David.W: We have not even been granted the full adoption. It’s supposed to be happening in the next month. So for the last 18 months I have been a foster parent. I have been visited every 6 weeks by social workers who come into the house and make sure that you are being a good parent, and David’s health is thriving, and asking you all kinds of invasive questions, and you have to put up with it and endure it and you know, I have been fingerprinted about 20 times, and undergone psychological evaluations and I think everybody who goes through adoption has to do this. I am not alone and, but you know, I’d do it again. M: You would? W: Yeah. M: Why? W: Because David is amazing, because he’s brought so much joy to our lives and more than about him. And so, it was worthy. I think most people will suffer for the things they love. M: And now at this point in your life, it seems you’re opening, to some part of you, it’s softening, something that is looking for wisdom, usefulness.W: Well, thank God.M: Em... what do you mean by that?W: Well, thank God I am searching for wisdom and usefulness. Em, one hopes that one gets to that point in their lives sooner or later. M: Do you wish that you could just be anonymous? W: No, no... M: No? W: I mean, yeah, I have moments of it, but I don’t wanna wish that I am not me, I don’t wish I were someone else. M: What is it that you want to feel about your life? W: That my soul reached its true potential. And that I did everything that I was put on this Earth to do... M: Well, thank you, Madonna. 6. According to the interview, what do we know about David?7. Why do social workers go to Madonna’s home?8. In Madonna’s view, what are wisdom and usefulness?9. Why does Madonna not want to be anonymous?10. According to the interview, what is Madonna’s life goal?
21．
A．He was an adopted child.
B．He was 18 months old when adopted.
C．He was too naughty to be put up with.
D．He became a foster parent eventually.
正确答案：A
解析：麦当娜提及收养David的过程很困难，可见A正确。

对话没有提到收养David时，他有多大，也没提到他淘气得让人无法忍受，因此B和C属于无中生有；D属张冠李戴，成为养父母的是麦当娜。

知识模块：听力
22．
A．To insure that she is a good parent.
B．To insure that she is in good health.
C．To conduct psychological evaluations on David.
D．To advise her to donate some money.
正确答案：A
解析：在谈到养子David时，麦当娜还提及了social workers对她做的事情，包括了检查她是否是一位合格的母亲、David的健康状况、提问各种攻击性的问题以及进行心理评估等。

A与对话内容相符合，故为答案。

知识模块：听力
23．
A．Being open-minded.
B．Having a joyful life.
C．Becoming tender and soft.
D．Willingness to suffer for the things one love.
正确答案：D
解析：养子David给麦当娜的生活带来了很多的欢乐，让麦当娜觉得所有辛苦的付出是值得的，而这正是麦当娜要寻找的wisdom and usefulness，因此选D。

知识模块：听力
24．
A．She can’t bear the quite life.
B．She enjoys being followed by her fans.
C．She wants to be distinctive.
D．She wishes that she was someone else.
正确答案：C
解析：男士问麦当娜是不是希望自己默默无闻，没有个性可言。

麦当娜说当然不是，虽然偶尔想这样，但她想成为自己，不想成为别人，C与此一致，为本题答案。

知识模块：听力
25．
A．To gain worldwide fame and earn a lot of money.
B．To follow her heart and do what she wants to.
C．To fully tap her potential and protect the earth.
D．To sing much more fantastic songs for her fans.
正确答案：B
解析：在谈到对自己生命的看法时，麦当娜回答：我的灵魂发挥了真正的潜力，我做了我在地球上能做的每一件事。

B是麦当娜原话的同义替换，为正确答案。

知识模块：听力。