家禽数量性状的遗传
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20
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
2、蛋白品质(quality of egg white) 可用浓蛋白高度或转换成哈夫单位 (Haugh unit)表示。 HU=100lg(H-1.7W0.37+7.57) 浓蛋白高度h2=0.15-0.55;哈夫单位h2=0.10.7
21
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
龄体重h2=0.42-0.46 3. 成年体重(adult weight)h2=0.55-0.65
2
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 生长速度(growing rate) 1. 累积生长(accumulate growing) 2. 绝对生长(absolute growing) 3. 相对生长(relative growing) 早期生长速度h2=0.4-0.5
16
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
4、就巢性(broodiness):即抱性,为质 量性状。
5、休止性(pause):又称冬休性 (winter pause)。
产蛋持久性>产蛋强度>休止性>就巢性>性 成熟期。
17
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
• 蛋重(egg weight or egg size) 测量方法:国外一般32-36周龄中连续测定
3
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• Genetic parameters of growth curve in chickens(S. MignonGrasteau and C. Beaumont, 2002, 7th WCGALP,11-3)
•Gompertz function of growth curve:
days of age, from 1999 to 2001.
8
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• Traits measured:
➢ W35: weight at 35 days of age,
➢ us1: ultrasound measurements on breast muscle depth (measured next to middle line);
括开产后死亡、淘汰母禽在内),在一定利 用 期 内 的 产 蛋 量 。 入 舍 母 鸡 72 周 产 蛋 量
h2=0.05-0.1
饲养只日产蛋量(egg production H.D-hen-
day):根据每天平均饲养母禽数计算在一
定时间内的平均产蛋量。饲养只日72周产蛋
量h2=0.23-0.27。
being more precocious than males. Genetic parameters of the
Gompertz function parameters showed moderate heritabilities,
making it possible to select directly on the form of the growth curve.
heritability.
12
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 肉鸡部分性状的遗传力 • 肉鸡部分性状的遗传和表型相关
13
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
•产蛋量(egg production)
入舍蛋鸡产蛋量(egg production H.H-henhoused):以开产时入舍母鸡数为基数(包
generations of pedigree;
➢ Carcass data came from 9,463 full sibs of broilers from
selection, that were processed at the experimental
slaughterhouse. Those animals were slaughtered around 42
TI 1/K ln | L/K |: Age at inflection , at whichgrowthrate is maximum.
• By using data of 464 chickens from a slow growing meat-type
line, which were weighed every two weeks from 4 to 16 weeks,
➢ The growth and carcass traits of the selected male line analyzed can be used as selection criteria, since no important genetic antagonism was observed.
14
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
• 影响产蛋量的因素: 1、性成熟期(sex maturity):又称开产日龄
(age at first egg),指母禽产第一个蛋的日 龄。有时用早熟性(earliness)来描述性 成熟的早晚。 度量方法:个体,见第一个蛋的日龄;群体, 蛋禽为达50%产蛋率的日龄,肉用禽为达 5%产蛋率的日龄。性成熟期的h2=0.3
3、蛋黄品质(yolk quality): 用两个指标度量,即蛋黄颜色和蛋黄占全蛋 的比例。 蛋黄颜色用罗氏比色扇测定,共分15级(由 浅黄到深黄),正常应为12级以上。 h2=0.15 正常蛋蛋黄约占全蛋30-35%(壳,10-12%; 蛋白,55-60%)h2=0.1-0.4
➢ Economic studies should be applied to the traits analyzed, to identify which combination of them would maximize profit.
➢ As an indicator of carcass merit at slaughter (42 days of age),
家禽数量性状的遗传
• 肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传 • 蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传 • 繁殖力和生活力的遗传 • 饲料报酬(feed remuneration)
1
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 体型大小(body size)或体重(body weight)
1. 出壳体重(day-old weight) 2. 生长期体重(grower weight):6-7周
the Gompertz curve fitted well the data (R2=0.99), the greatest
difference being an overestimation of body weight at 10 weeks
(3.6% in males and 2.8% in females).
BWt Ae(L / K )e Kt BWt : body weight at age t, A : the asymptoticbody weight (i.e., at an infinite age),
L : the initial specific growthrate
K : the maturation rate.
6
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 屠宰率(dressed percentage)
h2=0.2-0.6
全净膛率
全净膛重 活重
1 0 0%;
半净膛率
半净膛重 活重
1 0 0%;
胸肌率
胸肌重 全净膛重
100%;腿肌率来自上、下腿肌重 全净膛重
1 0 0%
7
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
15
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
2、产蛋强度(laying intensity):指某一 时间内母禽的产蛋率(laying rate),可 用一定时间内该禽群的产蛋百分率表示。 h2=0.1
3、产蛋持久性(laying persistency):一 般以生物学年的长度表示,即从开产开 始,经产蛋高峰期、产蛋下降期到停产 换羽为止所用的时间。
• The dataset information came from a male selection line of
broilers owned by Agroceres-Ross Melhoramento Genético de
Aves Ltda. and raised in tropical conditions in farm located
close to 22ºS and 48ºW, at altitude around 700 m above sea
level.
➢ Growth data came from 27,231 male and female birds
submitted to selection and dataset had information on 5
4
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
5
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
Conclusion:This study confirmed that males and females chickens
can be distinguished by their growth curve parameters, females
• Genetic and phenotypic parameters of growth and carcass
traits of a male line of broilers raised in tropical conditions (C.
Argentão1 et al 2002, 7th WCGALP 4-34)
live weight seemed to be a good and easy to measure
selection criterion, that can be widely used, as it has good
genetic correlation with the other traits and medium
➢ Breast: deboned and skinned chilled breast weight;
➢ Legs: chilled whole leg weight.
• Software: SAS, MTDFREML
9
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
10
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
3天;我国学者建议295-300天内取5天平 均蛋重。h2=0.2-0.7。
18
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
• 蛋品质(egg quality) 1. 蛋壳品质(shell quality) 蛋壳形状(shell shape):用蛋形指数
(egg index)衡量,即纵径/横径或横 径/纵经。h2=0.25-0.5 蛋壳颜色(shell color)h2=0.3-0.9
11
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
Conclusions:
➢ The animal model REML method seemed to be effective to estimate genetic parameters even in data of selected poultry.
➢ us2: ultrasound measurements on breast muscle depth (measured transversally);
➢ FC: feed conversion;
➢ LWS: live weight at slaughter;
➢ HCW: hot carcass weight ;
19
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
1.蛋壳品质(shell quality) 蛋壳结构(shell texture):用三个指标,即蛋 壳强度(shell strength)、蛋壳厚度(shell thickness) 和蛋壳平滑性(shell smoothness)衡量。 蛋壳强度用强度测定仪测定,分四级,正常应 在2-3级之间。 蛋壳厚度可用厚度测定仪或千分尺测量,正常 在244-373nm间,h2=0.3;也可用蛋比重 (specific gravity of eggs or egg density)间接测 量,正常比重在1.070-1.080间,h2=0.3-0.6。
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
2、蛋白品质(quality of egg white) 可用浓蛋白高度或转换成哈夫单位 (Haugh unit)表示。 HU=100lg(H-1.7W0.37+7.57) 浓蛋白高度h2=0.15-0.55;哈夫单位h2=0.10.7
21
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
龄体重h2=0.42-0.46 3. 成年体重(adult weight)h2=0.55-0.65
2
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 生长速度(growing rate) 1. 累积生长(accumulate growing) 2. 绝对生长(absolute growing) 3. 相对生长(relative growing) 早期生长速度h2=0.4-0.5
16
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
4、就巢性(broodiness):即抱性,为质 量性状。
5、休止性(pause):又称冬休性 (winter pause)。
产蛋持久性>产蛋强度>休止性>就巢性>性 成熟期。
17
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
• 蛋重(egg weight or egg size) 测量方法:国外一般32-36周龄中连续测定
3
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• Genetic parameters of growth curve in chickens(S. MignonGrasteau and C. Beaumont, 2002, 7th WCGALP,11-3)
•Gompertz function of growth curve:
days of age, from 1999 to 2001.
8
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• Traits measured:
➢ W35: weight at 35 days of age,
➢ us1: ultrasound measurements on breast muscle depth (measured next to middle line);
括开产后死亡、淘汰母禽在内),在一定利 用 期 内 的 产 蛋 量 。 入 舍 母 鸡 72 周 产 蛋 量
h2=0.05-0.1
饲养只日产蛋量(egg production H.D-hen-
day):根据每天平均饲养母禽数计算在一
定时间内的平均产蛋量。饲养只日72周产蛋
量h2=0.23-0.27。
being more precocious than males. Genetic parameters of the
Gompertz function parameters showed moderate heritabilities,
making it possible to select directly on the form of the growth curve.
heritability.
12
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 肉鸡部分性状的遗传力 • 肉鸡部分性状的遗传和表型相关
13
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
•产蛋量(egg production)
入舍蛋鸡产蛋量(egg production H.H-henhoused):以开产时入舍母鸡数为基数(包
generations of pedigree;
➢ Carcass data came from 9,463 full sibs of broilers from
selection, that were processed at the experimental
slaughterhouse. Those animals were slaughtered around 42
TI 1/K ln | L/K |: Age at inflection , at whichgrowthrate is maximum.
• By using data of 464 chickens from a slow growing meat-type
line, which were weighed every two weeks from 4 to 16 weeks,
➢ The growth and carcass traits of the selected male line analyzed can be used as selection criteria, since no important genetic antagonism was observed.
14
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
• 影响产蛋量的因素: 1、性成熟期(sex maturity):又称开产日龄
(age at first egg),指母禽产第一个蛋的日 龄。有时用早熟性(earliness)来描述性 成熟的早晚。 度量方法:个体,见第一个蛋的日龄;群体, 蛋禽为达50%产蛋率的日龄,肉用禽为达 5%产蛋率的日龄。性成熟期的h2=0.3
3、蛋黄品质(yolk quality): 用两个指标度量,即蛋黄颜色和蛋黄占全蛋 的比例。 蛋黄颜色用罗氏比色扇测定,共分15级(由 浅黄到深黄),正常应为12级以上。 h2=0.15 正常蛋蛋黄约占全蛋30-35%(壳,10-12%; 蛋白,55-60%)h2=0.1-0.4
➢ Economic studies should be applied to the traits analyzed, to identify which combination of them would maximize profit.
➢ As an indicator of carcass merit at slaughter (42 days of age),
家禽数量性状的遗传
• 肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传 • 蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传 • 繁殖力和生活力的遗传 • 饲料报酬(feed remuneration)
1
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 体型大小(body size)或体重(body weight)
1. 出壳体重(day-old weight) 2. 生长期体重(grower weight):6-7周
the Gompertz curve fitted well the data (R2=0.99), the greatest
difference being an overestimation of body weight at 10 weeks
(3.6% in males and 2.8% in females).
BWt Ae(L / K )e Kt BWt : body weight at age t, A : the asymptoticbody weight (i.e., at an infinite age),
L : the initial specific growthrate
K : the maturation rate.
6
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
• 屠宰率(dressed percentage)
h2=0.2-0.6
全净膛率
全净膛重 活重
1 0 0%;
半净膛率
半净膛重 活重
1 0 0%;
胸肌率
胸肌重 全净膛重
100%;腿肌率来自上、下腿肌重 全净膛重
1 0 0%
7
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
15
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
2、产蛋强度(laying intensity):指某一 时间内母禽的产蛋率(laying rate),可 用一定时间内该禽群的产蛋百分率表示。 h2=0.1
3、产蛋持久性(laying persistency):一 般以生物学年的长度表示,即从开产开 始,经产蛋高峰期、产蛋下降期到停产 换羽为止所用的时间。
• The dataset information came from a male selection line of
broilers owned by Agroceres-Ross Melhoramento Genético de
Aves Ltda. and raised in tropical conditions in farm located
close to 22ºS and 48ºW, at altitude around 700 m above sea
level.
➢ Growth data came from 27,231 male and female birds
submitted to selection and dataset had information on 5
4
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
5
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
Conclusion:This study confirmed that males and females chickens
can be distinguished by their growth curve parameters, females
• Genetic and phenotypic parameters of growth and carcass
traits of a male line of broilers raised in tropical conditions (C.
Argentão1 et al 2002, 7th WCGALP 4-34)
live weight seemed to be a good and easy to measure
selection criterion, that can be widely used, as it has good
genetic correlation with the other traits and medium
➢ Breast: deboned and skinned chilled breast weight;
➢ Legs: chilled whole leg weight.
• Software: SAS, MTDFREML
9
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
10
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
3天;我国学者建议295-300天内取5天平 均蛋重。h2=0.2-0.7。
18
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
• 蛋品质(egg quality) 1. 蛋壳品质(shell quality) 蛋壳形状(shell shape):用蛋形指数
(egg index)衡量,即纵径/横径或横 径/纵经。h2=0.25-0.5 蛋壳颜色(shell color)h2=0.3-0.9
11
肉用性状(meat trait)的遗传
Conclusions:
➢ The animal model REML method seemed to be effective to estimate genetic parameters even in data of selected poultry.
➢ us2: ultrasound measurements on breast muscle depth (measured transversally);
➢ FC: feed conversion;
➢ LWS: live weight at slaughter;
➢ HCW: hot carcass weight ;
19
蛋用性状(egg trait)的遗传
1.蛋壳品质(shell quality) 蛋壳结构(shell texture):用三个指标,即蛋 壳强度(shell strength)、蛋壳厚度(shell thickness) 和蛋壳平滑性(shell smoothness)衡量。 蛋壳强度用强度测定仪测定,分四级,正常应 在2-3级之间。 蛋壳厚度可用厚度测定仪或千分尺测量,正常 在244-373nm间,h2=0.3;也可用蛋比重 (specific gravity of eggs or egg density)间接测 量,正常比重在1.070-1.080间,h2=0.3-0.6。