石河子大学药学院药学英语天然药物化学翻译除文献版

石河子大学药学院药学英语天然药物化
学翻译除文献版
Phytochemistry
A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism-found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity for use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design. A natural product can be considered as such even if it can be prepared by total synthesis.
天然产物是指活的有机体产生的化合物或物质，在天然条件下通常有一定药理或生物活性，它用于药物发现和药物设计。

尽管天然产物可以通过全合成来制备，人们仍可认定其天然属性。

Natural products may be extracted from tissues of terrestrial plants, marine organisms or microorganism fermentation broths.
A crude (untreated) extract from any one of these sources typically contains novel, structurally diverse chemical compounds, which the natural environment is a rich source of.
天然产物可提取自陆生植物、海洋生物或是微生物发酵液。

来自上述任一来源的天然提取物通常含有新的结构各异的化合物，自然界是这些化合物的丰富的来源。

Chemical diversity in nature is based on biological and geographical diversity, so researchers travel around the world obtaining samples to analyze and evaluate in drug discovery screens or bioassays. This effort to search for natural products is known as bioprospecting
在自然界中，化学多样性实质上取决于生物多样性和地理多样性，因此研究者们会在世界各地获取样本并在药物发现筛选或生物鉴定中加以分析和评价。

这项寻找天然产物的工作称为生物勘探。

Pharmacognosy provides the tools to identify, select and process natural products destined for medicinal use. Usually, the natural product compound has some form of biological activity and that compound is known as the active principle-such a structure can act as a lead compound. Many of today's medicines are obtained directly from a natural source.
生药学为药用天然产物的鉴别、选择及用于药用目的的天然产物的加工提供了工具。

通常，天然产物化合物具有一定的生物活性，被人们称作活性成分，这种结构可用作先导化合物。

今天，许多药物直接来源于自然。

Phytochemistry is in the strict sense of the word the study of phytochemicals. These are chemicals derived from plants. In a
narrower sense the terms are often used to describe the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants. Many of these are known to provide protection against insect attacks and plant diseases. They also exhibit a number of protective functions for human consumers.
从严格意义上说，“植物化学"是指对植物来源化学物质的研究。

狭义地说，该术语通常用来描述大量存在于植物中的次生代谢产物。

许多植物次生代谢产物是用来防止昆虫攻击和疾病的。

它们也展现出保护人类的功能。

Techniques commonly used in the field of phytochemisty are extraction, isolation and structural elucidation (MS, 1D and 2D NMR) of natural products, as well as various chromatography techniques (MPLC, HPLC, LC-MS).
在植物化学领域常用的技术包括天然产物的提取、分离、结构解析(质谱、一维和二维核磁)和各种色谱技术(中压液相色谱、高效液相色谱、液相色谱-质谱联用)。

The list of simple elements of which plants are primarily constructed--carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, phosphorus, etc. Cis not different from similar lists for animals, fungi, or even bacteria. The fundamental atomic components of plants are the same as for all life; only the details of the way in which they are
assembled differs.
构成植物的基本元素有:碳、氧、氢、钙和磷等，这与构成动物、真菌、甚至细菌的元素没有什么不同。

植物的基元素组成与所有生物的元素构成是相同的，只是具体的组合方式不同。

Phytochemistry is widely used in the field of Chinese medicine especially in the field of herbal medicine.
植物化学广泛应用于中药领域，特别是草药领域。

Phytochemical technique mainly applies to the quality control of Chinese medicine or herbal medicine of various chemical components, such as saponins, alkaloids, volatile oils，flavonoids and anthaquinones. In the development of rapid and reproducible analytical techniques, the combination of HPLC with different detectors such as diode array detector (DAD), refractive index detector (RID)，evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and mass spectrometric detector (MSD), has been widely developed.
植物化学技术主要用于申草药中各种化学成分的质量控制，如皂苷、生物碱、挥发油、黄酮类化合物以及蒽醌类化合物。

在快速、可重现的分析方法中，高效液相色谱与二极管阵列、示差折光、蒸发光散射以及质谱等不同检测方法的联用已广泛发展。

In most cases, biologically active compounds in Chinese
medicine or herbal medicine have not been determined. Therefore，it is important to use the phytochemical methods to screen and analyze bioactive components, not only for the quality control of crude drugs, but also for the elucidation of their therapeutic mechanisms.
大多数情况下，中草药中的活性成分还没有确定。

因此，用植物化学方法筛选和分析活性化合物，不仅对原药材的质量控制，对阐明中药的治疗机制也是非常重要的。