[推荐学习]高考英语深化复习+命题热点提分专题01名词和冠词
高考英语复习知识点：冠词和名词
高考英语复习知识点：冠词和名词单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。
名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化，名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。
以下是店铺为大家编辑的英语学习方法文章，仅供考生参考，欢迎大家阅读!高考英语复习知识点：名词研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。
一、对同义词、近义词的考查1、At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。
A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways【答案】D。
【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。
way 意为方式，方法，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。
approach 意为接近，靠近，方式，方法，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。
mean意为方式，方法，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。
method意为方式，方法，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。
【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。
要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。
二、对相似词的考查2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】B。
高中英语高考专题一 名词、代词、冠词(课件)
注意:1.fish的“数”
用法 fish作“鱼肉”讲时为不可数名词
图解
fish指“鱼的条数”时,单数和复数同形,即 fish
fish指“鱼的种类”时,其复数形式是fishes
例句 I like to eat fish.我喜欢吃鱼。
There are 2 fish in the fish tank.鱼缸里有两条 鱼。
名词作定语强调“类指”,而名词所有格则表示“特指”
Please don't put the dog's food under the table.请不要把狗食放在桌子 下面。(特指给某一条狗的食物) Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。(指类 别,即供狗食用的食品)
criterion—criteria标准 phenomenon—phenomena现象 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 bacterium—bacteria细菌
curriculum—curricula/curriculums全部课程 analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 diagnosis—diagnoses诊断 medium—media媒体 datum—data数据
-er -or -ant
-ian -an -ity -ty -ance -ence -ancy -ency -age
-ship -dom
-ure
-ics
表示“……的人”
beginner, carrier, employer, interviewer, receiver, reporter, winner, collector, director, inventor, operator, survivor, assistant, attendant, servant
2024届高考英语总复习：第一讲冠词和名词课件
2.名词的所有格 (1)表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加 “'s”；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要加“'s”。如： Tina and Mary's room 蒂娜和玛丽共有的房间 Tina's and Mary's rooms 蒂娜和玛丽各自的房间 (2)表示某人的家或店铺、诊所等。如： Li's 李家 the doctor's 诊所 the barber's 理发店
考点
例句
表 示 “ 每 一 个 ” ， 与 every, We work five days a week.我们每周工作
each, per同义
五天。
表 示 “ 某 个 、 一 种 ” ， 与 a We don't have a Wilson here in our
certain同义
village.我们村里没有叫威尔逊的人。
与某些形容词连用表示一类人， the poor 穷人 the old 老年人
谓语常用复数
the blind 盲人
(续表)
考点
例句
用在序数词、形容词和副词最高 the longest river 最长的河流
级前
the first astronaut 第一个宇航员
用在专有名词前
the Great Wall 长城 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
数字的复数加-s 或-'s in the 1930s/1930's
(续表)
类别
情况
改变词中元音字母
不规则 形式复数，意义单数 变化
单复数同形
例子
woman—women, goose—geese, man—men, foot—feet, tooth—teeth
高考语法专题1冠词和名词
专题一冠词和名词一、冠词一、概念冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有两种，一种是定冠词the，另一种是不定冠词a和an。
二、用法1．不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源，是―一个‖的意思。
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an 则用于以元音音素开头的单词前，均表示泛指。
(1)表示―一个‖，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。
A Mr Ling is waiting for you.(2)代表一类人或物。
As a middle school student, I must put all my heart into my studies.Tom wants to buy an English－Chinese dictionary for his sister's birthday.(3)词组或短语。
a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry2．定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有―那(这)个‖的意思，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。
Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.(2)上文提到过的人或事。
The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.(3)指世上独一物二的事物。
the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar―美元‖；the fox―狐狸‖。
与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人。
高考英语一轮复习 考点专题一 名词、代词、冠词-人教版高三全册英语试题
名词、代词、冠词考点一名词题型一名词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.If you want to see how life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water (town) to visit.【答案】towns2.They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making (preparation)for the long cold winter.【答案】preparations3.Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.【答案】tomatoes4.Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country).【答案】countries5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.【答案】child’sⅡ.单句改错6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturday’s evening.【答案】Saturday’s→Saturday7.Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment.【答案】knowledges→knowledge题型二名词构词法1.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.【答案】observation2.You may not know the name John Stith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his (invent):Coca-Cola.【答案】invention3.I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).【答案】distance4.Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.【答案】strength5.Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.【答案】encouragement6.In 1962, Rachel Carson’s best-selling book “Silent Spring〞 created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药).【答案】awareness7.Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.【答案】combination考点二代词Ⅰ.单句填空1.China’s research icebreaker X uelong, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on (it) way back to China.【答案】its2.To lighten the addiction, he created his own drink by using leaves of coca and kola nuts. He named “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca〞.【答案】it3.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of (they).【答案】them4.In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise.【答案】their5.In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu.【答案】himselfⅡ.单句改错6.Without ads, that would be difficult to get across a product’s basic message.【答案】that→it7.A large number of students and even some teachers took an active part in it, where the participants handed in our works which were later graded bycalligraphers.【答案】our→their8.But even if every large city purified and reused it’s water, we still would not have enough water.【答案】it’s→its9.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like neither of them very much.【答案】neither→either考点三冠词题型一冠词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.Also known as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning country’s 35th Antarctic expedition.【答案】the2.It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life,it’s ongoing process.【答案】an3.Chaplin liked idea of working in the film industry because it would mean a new life.【答案】the4.Three became political leaders;three became doctors;the most famous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of modern teaching methods in his country.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.I’m lucky enough to make friends with so nice person.【答案】person前加a6.What a impressive experience!【答案】a→an题型二冠词的习惯用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.The sound of the car died away in distance.【答案】the2.Eating chocolate once in while makes it easier for you to resist eating it all the time.【答案】 a3.Beavers build themselves curious huts to live in, and quite frequently great number of these huts are placed close together.【答案】 a4.All ofsudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.Some of the scenery in this area ranks among best in the country.【答案】best前加the6.To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me.【答案】第一个a→thestly, you should remember to take some food for the lunch because we’ll stay there and chat with them at noon.【答案】删除the《真题训练》考点一名词第一组1.(某某,6)The(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.【答案】possibility2.(江苏,32)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the(assume) you’ve made.【答案】assumption3.(江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.【答案】explanations4.(浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.【答案】electricity5.(江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.【答案】happiness6.(江苏,32)Some schools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.【答案】adjustments/adjustment7.(江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my(apologize).【答案】apology/apologies8.(浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.【答案】stress9.(安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some(think)and then let me know.【答案】thought第二组1.(2020届安徽六安一中月考一,66)Though alone, you can enjoy your travel in (silent) while thinking quietly.【答案】silence2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,67)Human food is very bad for thebaboons’(tooth)because it has a lot of sugar.【答案】teeth3.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,67)That writing system was of great (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.【答案】importance4.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,65)Due to the (arrive) of more Chinese, more shops and businesses grew up.【答案】arrival5.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,45)These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious (sweet) to the locals.【答案】sweetness6.(河北保定摸底考试,70)Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM, rather than being in (compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.【答案】competition7.(海南儋州一次统测,64)By the time of his (die), he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world. 【答案】death8.(河南洛阳期中考试,64)So far modern (platform) have taken the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction to design and robots.【答案】platforms9.(浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,62)He decided to put his plan into (act)—building a garden.【答案】action10.(江西红色七校一联,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and(compete)close to home. 【答案】competitions考点二代词第一组1.(某某,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.【答案】those2.(某某,11)was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.【答案】It3.(浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK.【答案】that4.(某某,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.【答案】that5.(浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?【答案】it6.(重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure. 【答案】nobody7.(陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.【答案】other8.(四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.【答案】none第二组1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校〞一联,67)In terms of social psychology, one way of thinking about this is that we feel much better about (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison.【答案】ourselves2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,68)(they)job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.【答案】Their3.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,43)Then he hid (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock.【答案】himself4.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,49)If you pick one grape and put in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste.【答案】it5.(2020届四川绵阳南山中学9月月考,70)Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【答案】him6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,67)However, quite a few other people, especially in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness〞.【答案】those7.(山西太原期中考试,69)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.【答案】it8.(吉林长春市实验中学月考三,63)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise (they) heads with the sound of thunder.【答案】their9.(湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64)They say normal levels of stress can help students to work and think faster and more effectively,as well asimprove(they)performance.【答案】their10.(江西红色七校一联,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare(it)for the big show.【答案】itself考点三冠词第一组1.(浙江,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. 【答案】The; a2.(浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.【答案】the3.(重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask. 【答案】the;a4.(四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven. 【答案】 a第二组1.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,50)The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents opportunity to improve one’s condition.【答案】an2.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,62)Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They got a worrying result from their fall monarch count in — number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since .【答案】the3.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,61)Gerrard Street, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue, is the most important street in the area. There is unique community with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shops.【答案】 a4.(2020届江西南昌开学摸底,70)So the key to using a happy smile to make you better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a race’s end, but in 30-second bursts, rather than constantly.【答案】 a5.(2020届云南昆明一中一次摸底,61)The Economist is English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd.【答案】an6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.【答案】 a7.(吉林省吉林市调研一,64)But naps can actually be double-edged sword because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.【答案】 a8.(湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and the Ministry of Educati on(MOE),“First Class for New Semester〞 has becomemandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.【答案】 a9.(江西红色七校一联,70)splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.【答案】 A10.(河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.〞【答案】 a。
2020高考英语深化复习+命题热点提分专题01名词和冠词
【最新】20xx年高考英语深化复习+命题热点提分专题01名词和冠词1．His ____ of life has changed a lot since the experience he had in Africa three years ago.A. sightB. attitudeC. viewD. altitude【答案】C2．Asking them to boycott meetings when others do not agree with their demands is a(n) ________ to a very unhappy life of fighting with other people, ________ them their future happiness.C. invitation, costingD. affection, having lost【答案】C3．Tu Youyou was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 20xx due to her ________ to discovering a new drug to treat parasitic diseases.7．We can't make ______ of what the teacher is saying.A. senseB. a senseC. sensesD. tense【答案】A【解析】句意：对老师说的我们没弄懂。
make sense of sth.“理解，弄懂”，根据句意选A.8．He and his wife have the same ________; they both want their son to go to college.A. soulB. spiritC. heartD. mind【答案】D9．At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】A【解析】本题四个名词都表示方法，但只有approach后面要接介词to，构成the approach to...，表示“……的方法”。
专题01 高考英语考点精讲-冠词(完整)
专题01 高考英语考点精讲-冠词（完整）一、冠词的定义冠词是虚词，没有词义，不可独立使用，放在名词前起限制作用，包括定冠词the，不定冠词a/an，和零冠词（即名词前什么也不加）。
二、冠词的作用1. 表特指the + 单数名词/复数名词/不可数名词2. 表泛指①a/an + 单数名词A horse is enough.（表示数量）A horse is a large four-legged animal.（强调该类别中任何一个的特点）②the + 单数名词I think the most useful animal is the horse.（强调整个类别）③零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词Horses are useful animals.（强调类别中的许多个体）三、冠词的用法1. 不定冠词（a/an）表示one, the same,或every one的意思。
They are of an age. (= the same) 他们年龄相同。
I will return in a day or two. (= one) 我一两天后就回来了。
He went home three times a week. (= every) 他每周回家三次。
2. 定冠词（the）①特指双方都知道或上文中提到的人或物。
The book on the desk is mine. 桌上那本书是我的。
②用在形容词前，表示一类人或物。
The old, the young, the rich, the poor.③在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。
I paid a visit to the Greens last week.④用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事情前。
The east东部play the piano 弹钢琴the moon 月亮⑤用在年代朝代及逢十的数次（表示年代）前。
The Tang Dynasty In the 1990s⑥用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”Take sb. By the arm 抓住某人的胳膊An apple fell down and hit him on the head.⑦用在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。
高考英语_名词和冠词
2.不可数名词常用(a) little,much,a great deal of等修饰,可数名词常用(a) few, many,a number of等修饰。a lot of,lots of,plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数 名词。 3.抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽 象名词可作为可数名词。 difficulty困难;a difficulty一件难事 failure失败;a failure一个失败者;一件失败的事 success成功;a success一位成功者;一件成功的事 surprise惊奇;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 honour荣誉; an honour一位带来荣誉的人,一件带来荣誉的事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
appear→appearance出现/外表 perform→performance履行
resist→resistance抵制
guide→guidance指导
enter→entrance进入
insure→insurance保险
assist→assistance帮助
endure→endurance/tolerate—tolerance忍受
④有些名词的单数形式和复数形式表示不同的意思。如:arm手臂/arms武器; cloth布/clothes衣服;content内容/contents目录;custom风俗;习惯/ customs海关;force力量/forces武装部队;good好事、好处/goods货物; green绿色/greens蔬菜;interest兴趣/interests利益、爱好;look看/ looks外貌;manner态度、方式/manners礼貌;pain痛苦/pains辛苦;paper 纸/papers论文、报纸、文件;people人们/peoples民族;sand沙/sands沙滩; time时间/times次数、时代;thing东西、事情/things形势;word单词,消息/ words话语;work工作/works工厂、著作;wood木头/woods树林。
2018年高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词和冠词(含解析)
专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。
因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。
建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro，hero，tomato 和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
高考英语第二轮热点专题复习—名词和冠词
高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——名词和冠词一、高考考查内容定位名词在高考中占有重要地位，从2007年和2008年高考中可以看出，各省市试卷几乎都涉及到对名词的考查。
涉及的内容主要有：抽象名词具体化、名词的可数与不可数问题、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词词义辨析以及常见名词的固定搭配等。
冠词也是高考英语的常考点，主要考查考生对冠词的基本用法的理解和掌握情况，冠词包括定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。
此外，还涉及很多冠词与名词共同考查的问题。
冠词与名词有三种表现形式：即定冠词与单数可数名词可表示类指；不定冠词与单数可数名词也可表示类指；零冠词与可数名词的复数表示类指。
二、高考考查内容揭密（一）抽象名词的具体化与冠词1.抽象名词具体或特定时，前面应有不定冠词。
（1）表示某种特性、状态、行为的具体表现，常用a/an+抽象名词；a/an+adj.+抽象名词的形式表示具体行为、一个方面。
如：A pity/pleasure/surprise/success/failure/shame/an honor等；A bright future, a strong character, a great help, a length of one metre ,a waste of time, a height of fifty feet ,a knowledge of English等。
（2）状态、思维行为的一次、一种、一类、一顿，常与have/take/get等词搭配。
如：take a look/have a sleep/have a …life/die a death/get a high opinion/make an apology/take a great interest等。
[经典考题]It is often said that ______teachers have _______very easy life. (2005·北京卷)A. 不填；不填B. 不填；aC. the；不填D. the ；a[解析] B 根据句意：（人们）常说老师过着简朴的生活。
新高考英语真题分项汇编专题：冠词、名词(解析版)
专题01 冠词与名词1.（2023年新高考I卷）The meat should be fresh with ______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.【答案】a【详解】考查冠词。
a touch of sweetness 一点点甜；一丝甜。
句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味，汤汁热、清澈且美味。
2.（2023年新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the ________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.【答案】arrival【详解】考查名词。
句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。
分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。
故填arrival。
3.（2023年新高考II卷）Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.【答案】the【详解】考查冠词。
句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。
分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。
故填the。
4.（2023年新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give ________ (interview) in English with international journalists.【答案】interviews【详解】考查名词的数。
高三英语二轮专题复习考点一 名词和冠词
2.But his main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific (1) discoveries (discover).Instead，he was always searching for a(2) meaning (mean) for life.(2018·山东师大附中模拟) 解析 (1)形容词scientific修饰可数名词discovery，空前没有不定冠词说 明是复数。故填discoveries。 (2)根据前面有冠词a，故判断这里用名词。故填meaning。
过关检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in tears (tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the bravest man in the room.(2018·广东东莞三调) 解析 in tears 表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配，故填tears。
栏目 索引
名词 冠词 跟踪训练
名词
名词考查不算难，
技
法
复数规则记周全；
口 诀
冠、代、介词首先看，
词性转换一了然。
技法点击
(一)名词复数变化规则
变化规则
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
以-s、-x、-ch、 -sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
以辅音字母加 -y结尾的名词
将-y变为-i再加-es
例词 table→tables park→parks
roof→roofs belief→beliefs
高考复习英语学案专题一名词和冠词.doc
高考复习英语教案专题一名词和冠词【典例精析】1. （福建） What’ s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’ t eat, drink or even simply hang oa while?A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion【分析】 A sense 意为“感觉”在这样一个公共场所，不能够吃喝甚至不能够走动有什么感觉。
2.（天津卷） Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuelsB. articlesC. goodsD. products【分析】A fuel 燃料，题干中coal, gas, oil 均为燃料，由此选出A3. （山东）A. exchange I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______.B. bargainC. tradeD. business【分析】Ｂbargain 低价货切合句意，exchange 互换； trade 贸易，买卖；business 事业，业务均不合句意4. （江西卷）— Shall we go out for a walk?— Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance【分析】Ａ句意为：此刻邀请我不适合，moment此时，此刻切合句意；situation形式；place地方；chance 时机均不合题意5.（湖北卷） The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution【分析】B年青人对父亲母亲做出承诺。
2018年高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词和冠词(含解析)
专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。
因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。
建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro，hero，tomato 和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
高中语法复习专题一--名词和冠词
专题一名词和冠词（一）名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。
friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s，x，ch，sh时一般加es。
bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(3)词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i再加es。
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。
guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es。
bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。
记法：规则变化名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s，x，z，ch，sh来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve；辅母＋y在词尾，把y变i再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚；英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数，是在中心名词后加-s。
高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词和冠词(含解析)
专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。
因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。
建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro，hero，tomato 和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
高考英语深化复习+命题热点提分专题01名词和冠词
高考英语深化复习+命题热点提分专题01名词和冠词1．His ____ of life has changed a lot since the experience he had in Africa three years ago.A. sightB. attitudeC. viewD. altitude【答案】C2．Asking them to boycott meetings when others do not agree with their demands is a(n) ________ to a very unhappy life of fighting with other people, ________ them their future happiness.C. invitation, costingD. affection, having lost【答案】C3．Tu Youyou was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2015 due to her ________ to discovering a new drug to treat parasitic diseases.【答案】C4．The article in The Times gives us a real ______ into the causes of the present economic crisis.A. enquiryB. admissionC. insightD. division【答案】C【解析】A. enquiry询问；B. admission承认； C. insight洞悉；D. division分配。
英国泰晤士报上的这篇文章让我们真正洞察当前经济危机的原因。
故选C。
5．Pandas are rare animals close to ___________. They have now been listed among the world’s most endangered wildlife animals.A. extinction,B. emergenceC. intensionD. disappearance【答案】A【解析】A. extinction灭绝；B. emergence出现；C. intension强度；D. disappearance消失。
高考英语考点解读+命题热点突破专题01名词和冠词
高考英语考点解读+命题热点突破专题01名词和冠词【考向解读】单项填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义以及名词与冠词搭配使用的情况等。
冠词多考查冠词的基本用法。
掌握名词和冠词的用法显得尤为重要。
【命题热点突破一】名词词义辨析1．【2016·江苏】—Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD.receipt【答案】A名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。
常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。
在做题时，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
常考的几组名词辨析有：1．cause，reason，excuse2．award，reward，prize3．sight，view，scene，scenery4．anger，rudeness，regret，panic5．condition，situation，state，position6．reputation，influence，impression，attention7．expectation，reputation，contribution，civilization【易错提醒】在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。
这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。
【变式探究】【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.【答案】C【考点】考查名词辨析。
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专题01 名词和冠词1．His ____ of life has changed a lot since the experience he had in Africa three years ago.A. sightB. attitudeC. viewD. altitude【答案】C2．Asking them to boycott meetings when others do not agree with their demands is a(n) ________ to a very unhappy life of fighting with other people, ________ them their future happiness.A. guarantee, having costB. accomplishment, losingC. invitation, costingD. affection, having lost【答案】C【解析】guarantee保证；accomplishment成就，完成；invitation邀请；affection感染，影响。
当其他人不同意他们的要求时，要求他们抵制会议就是一个与其他人斗争的非常不愉快的生活邀请，结果以付出他们未来的幸福为代价。
此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语。
故选C。
3．Tu Youyou was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2015 due to her ________ to discovering a new drug to treat parasitic diseases.A. conservationB. expectationC. commitmentD. appreciation【答案】C【解析】A. conservation谈话；B. expectation期盼；C. commitment献身；D. appreciation鉴赏，感激。
句意：由于屠呦呦致力于寻找一种治疗寄生虫病的新药，而被授予2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
根据句意，故选C。
4．The article in The Times gives us a real ______ into the causes of the present economic crisis.A. enquiryB. admissionC. insightD. division【答案】C【解析】A. enquiry询问；B. admission承认； C. insight洞悉； D. division分配。
英国泰晤士报上的这篇文章让我们真正洞察当前经济危机的原因。
故选C。
5．Pandas are rare animals close to ___________. They have now been listed among the world’s most endangered wildlife animals.A. extinction,B. emergenceC. intensionD. disappearance【答案】A【解析】A. extinction灭绝；B. emergence出现；C. intension强度；D. disappearance消失。
熊猫是濒临灭绝的稀有动物。
故选A。
6．Unlike most of the students, Susan divided her apple into ______.A. halvesB. halfsC. halfD. a half【答案】A【解析】句意：不像多数学生，Susan把她的苹果分成两半。
half的复数形式是halves，故选A.7．We can't make ______ of what the teacher is saying.A. senseB. a senseC. sensesD. tense【答案】A【解析】句意：对老师说的我们没弄懂。
make sense of sth.“理解，弄懂”，根据句意选A.8．He and his wife have the same ________; they both want their son to go to college.A. soulB. spiritC. heartD. mind【答案】D9．At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】A【解析】本题四个名词都表示方法，但只有approach后面要接介词to，构成the approach to...，表示“……的方法”。
句意：在会议上，他们讨论了三种不同的研究数学的方法。
故A项正确。
10．Take it easy. As your best friend, I will help you in my ________.A. powerB. forceC. energyD. strength【答案】A【解析】名词power权力，电力，能力；force武力，暴力；energy精力，能量；strength力气；优点；句意：别担心，作为你的好朋友，我会在能力范围之内帮助你的。
A项表示“能力”符合上下文串联。
11．A large number of people would like to do some shopping during sales periods since they expect to get wonderful ________in the market.A. basketsB. bargainsC. goodsD. objects【答案】B【解析】句意：许多人愿意在促销时期去购物，因为他们希望在市场买到便宜货。
A. baskets篮子；B. bargains便宜货；C. goods商品；D. objects物品。
根据句意，选B。
12．Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the economy.A. commitmentB. appointmentC. instrumentD. requirement【答案】A13．It was ________ that we went camping on the mountain.A. such nice weatherB. so nice a weatherC. such a nice weatherD. too nice weather【答案】A【解析】考查固定句式。
句式such...that...“如此……以至于……”；such修饰名词或名词短语，本句中weather是一个不可数名词，不能用a修饰，排除B、C项，D项不能引导结果状语从句。
故A正确。
14．The ________ teacher has much ________ in teaching English.A. experience; experiencesB. experiences; experiencesC. experienced; experiencesD. experienced; experience【答案】D【解析】形容词experienced意为“有经验的”，通常修饰人。
experience作为“经验”是不可数名词，作为“经历”是可数名词。
第二空前有much修饰，说明横线上应该是不可数名词。
句意：这位有经验的老师在教英语方面很有经验。
故D正确。
15．In our mind, Professor Wang is a learned and kind man, so we showed our ________ to him whenwe met him.A. attentionB. respectC. struggleD. request【答案】B【解析】A. attention关注；B. respect尊重；C. struggle斗争，挣扎；D. request请求。
句意：就我们所知，Professor Wang是一位有学问的、善良的人，所以当我们遇见他时我们表示出我们对他的尊敬。
故选B。
16．It is a golden rule in international trade that if you export nothing but raw materials, you're at the ________ of world prices.A. riskB. expenseC. mercyD. cost【答案】C【解析】句意：这是国际贸易中的一个黄金法则，如果你只出口原材料，你就受到世界价格的摆布了。
at the mercy of“任……摆布，在……前毫无办法”，故选C项。
17．After the usual greetings and some ________ about the weather, the men got down to their own business.A. statementsB. declarationsC. remarksD. expressions【答案】C18．I don't think you realize the ________ of the situation, or else you wouldn’t feel so relaxed.A. gravityB. assessmentC. frameworkD. similarity【答案】A【解析】句意：我不认为你意识到情况的严重性，否则你不会感到很放松。
gravity“严重性”，故选A项。
19．Two ___________ died in the fire.A. scores of peopleB. score of peopleC. scores of peoplesD. score of peoples【答案】B【解析】two score of 和two score的区别：two score of四十个。
这里的score意思是set or group of twenty 二十，如a score of people 二十人，three score and ten 七十(单复数同形）；two score四十，只表示“四十”这个数字。