工程教育认证标准解读
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工程教育认证
标准解读
内容提要
1 标准的要求该如何理解 – 追根溯源 2 标准体现认证的基本原则 2 怎样证明业要求达成 3 对于新修订标准毕业要求项的理解
产出导向 - 究竟有什么不同: 教育评价
投入+产出
经费投入、师资队伍、办学条件 教学实施过程、教学管理机制
教得怎么样？
基于产出
对学生的培养目标与毕业要求是否明确 设定的目标与要求是否达成
Graduate Attribute Profiles（续）
WA8: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of engineering practice. (WK7) (伦理：理解与运用的层次）
基于产出的理念鼓励特色发展
毕业要求指得是能力，而不是单纯的知识 要求必须符合标准 相应的知识载体与能力实现途径可以充分发挥特色
“产出”的“实质等效”
培养学生使之能够：
有能力在多样化,包括首次遇到的环 江和情景下使用知识
• 掌握深入的工程技术基本原理，并能用于工程实践；
• 在创建和处理新产品、新过程、新系统中发挥主导作用；
决定内容
• 逐项评估毕业要求是否达成
“基于产出”的教学与评价
深入研究社会需求以及学科发展内涵
建
确定合理的培养目标
评
设
估
与
确定支撑培养目标的毕业要求
改
与 反
进
馈
根据毕业要求设置课程并明确课程目标
建设并维持能支持目标达成 的师资队伍与支持环境
基于产出：标准与特色可兼得
标准是否影响特色?
质量的核心是标准 办学“办出特色”是学校的追求
华盛顿协议要求本科提供下列知识（续）
WK5: (工程设计)Knowledge that supports engineering design in a practice area
WK6: (实践技术知识)Knowledge of engineering practice (technology) in the practice areas in the engineering discipline
复杂一个关键词不可能某一门或几门课专门不针对复杂描述每个标准各层次的差异复杂如何体现在教学中1基本概4领导力5创新建立模型设计综合分析这只是一个没有针对性的例子第1层能承担设计任务针对给定的设计问题给出直观的解决方案第2层能够采用系统方法针对给定问题给出解决方案按照明确的特定需求承担系统设计周期中的基本任务第3层在一定的指导下完成整个设计周期任务第4层针对简略的需求表述能够有效的完成整个设计周期任务并满足功能与性能需求或满足相应技术规范第5层能够领导并完成整个设计周期任务满足用户的需求
WA9: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multi-disciplinary settings. （个人与团队工作：在多样化团队中的角色）
WA10: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions. （沟通：执行不同类型活动时沟通的层次）
华盛顿协议要求本科提供下列知识
WK1: （自然科学）A systematic, theory-based understanding of the natural sciences applicable to the discipline
WK2: （数学与计算机）Conceptually-based mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics and formal aspects of computer and information science to support analysis and modelling applicable to the discipline
WK3: （工程基础）A systematic, theory-based formulation of engineering fundamentals required in the engineering discipline
WK4: (专业知识与前沿) Engineering specialist knowledge that provides theoretical frameworks and bodies of knowledge for the accepted practice areas in the engineering discipline; much is at the forefront of the discipline.
WK8: (研究基础)Engagement with selected knowledge in the research literature of the discipline
华盛顿协议：实质等效的参考框架之一： Graduate Attribute Profiles
WA1: Apply knowledge of mathematics, natural science, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization as specified in WK1 to WK4 respectively to the solution of complex engineering problems.（工程知识）
WA2: Identify, formulate, research literature and analyse complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences. (WK1 to WK4) （问 题分析：分析的复杂程度）
WK7: (工程与社会)Comprehension of the role of engineering in society and identified issues in engineering practice in the discipline: ethics and the professional responsibility of an engineer to public safety; the impacts of engineering activity: economic, social, cultural, environmental and sustainability
• 理解研究和技术发展对社会的重要的战略性的影响
技术发展必须与社会责任相匹配， 必须有利于社会的可持续发展
个人的能力、态度加上 人际沟通能力
如何将能力表述至“可衡量”
能力的知识基础 与能力相联系，而不是“为知识而知识”
能够干什么？ 解决问题
可区分的“层次”
问题或活动的“复杂”程度是区分的关键 相互可比
从“知其然”到“知其所以然”
我们为什么要这样做 其实有时“知其然”也只是“毛估估”
如何体现“以能力培养”为核心
从“知道做了”到“知道做的怎么样”
以什么为参照系来评价“做的怎么样” 规范的自我评估与评价机制 基于良性循环的自我改进机制
基于产出: 如何证明达成？
工程教育认证的基本方式
WA11: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering management principles and economic decision-making and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments. （项目管理 和财务：不同类型活动中所需管理层次）
WA6: Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and solutions to complex engineering problems. (WK7) （工程与社会：知识与责任的层次）
WA3: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design systems, components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. (WK5) （设计与开发解决方案：广度与独 特性）
WA12: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change. （终 身学习：所作的准备以及学习深度）
学得怎么
样？
究竟有什么不同：教学计划和实施
基于课程
• 教学计划的核心是确定要上哪些课程，而确定哪些课程的根据 是对于该学科的“理解”
• 教学实施过程是安排上“好”每门课 • 教学评估是评价每门课上得怎么样
“内容” 决定内容
基于产出
• 教学的目的是使得毕业生达到一定的能力要求 • 教学计划要明确反映对毕业要求的支撑 • 上“好”课就是有效的完成相应的“支撑”任务“需求”
WA5: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modelling, to complex engineering problems, with an understanding of the limitations. (WK6) （现代工 具的使用：对适用性理解的深度）
Graduate Attribute Profiles（续）
WA4: Conduct investigations of complex problems using research-based knowledge (WK8) and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions. （调研：广度与深度）
WA7: Understand and evaluate the sustainability and impact of professional engineering work in the solution of complex engineering problems in societal and environmental contexts. (WK7) （环境和可持续发展：问题性质）
标准解读
内容提要
1 标准的要求该如何理解 – 追根溯源 2 标准体现认证的基本原则 2 怎样证明业要求达成 3 对于新修订标准毕业要求项的理解
产出导向 - 究竟有什么不同: 教育评价
投入+产出
经费投入、师资队伍、办学条件 教学实施过程、教学管理机制
教得怎么样？
基于产出
对学生的培养目标与毕业要求是否明确 设定的目标与要求是否达成
Graduate Attribute Profiles（续）
WA8: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of engineering practice. (WK7) (伦理：理解与运用的层次）
基于产出的理念鼓励特色发展
毕业要求指得是能力，而不是单纯的知识 要求必须符合标准 相应的知识载体与能力实现途径可以充分发挥特色
“产出”的“实质等效”
培养学生使之能够：
有能力在多样化,包括首次遇到的环 江和情景下使用知识
• 掌握深入的工程技术基本原理，并能用于工程实践；
• 在创建和处理新产品、新过程、新系统中发挥主导作用；
决定内容
• 逐项评估毕业要求是否达成
“基于产出”的教学与评价
深入研究社会需求以及学科发展内涵
建
确定合理的培养目标
评
设
估
与
确定支撑培养目标的毕业要求
改
与 反
进
馈
根据毕业要求设置课程并明确课程目标
建设并维持能支持目标达成 的师资队伍与支持环境
基于产出：标准与特色可兼得
标准是否影响特色?
质量的核心是标准 办学“办出特色”是学校的追求
华盛顿协议要求本科提供下列知识（续）
WK5: (工程设计)Knowledge that supports engineering design in a practice area
WK6: (实践技术知识)Knowledge of engineering practice (technology) in the practice areas in the engineering discipline
复杂一个关键词不可能某一门或几门课专门不针对复杂描述每个标准各层次的差异复杂如何体现在教学中1基本概4领导力5创新建立模型设计综合分析这只是一个没有针对性的例子第1层能承担设计任务针对给定的设计问题给出直观的解决方案第2层能够采用系统方法针对给定问题给出解决方案按照明确的特定需求承担系统设计周期中的基本任务第3层在一定的指导下完成整个设计周期任务第4层针对简略的需求表述能够有效的完成整个设计周期任务并满足功能与性能需求或满足相应技术规范第5层能够领导并完成整个设计周期任务满足用户的需求
WA9: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multi-disciplinary settings. （个人与团队工作：在多样化团队中的角色）
WA10: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions. （沟通：执行不同类型活动时沟通的层次）
华盛顿协议要求本科提供下列知识
WK1: （自然科学）A systematic, theory-based understanding of the natural sciences applicable to the discipline
WK2: （数学与计算机）Conceptually-based mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics and formal aspects of computer and information science to support analysis and modelling applicable to the discipline
WK3: （工程基础）A systematic, theory-based formulation of engineering fundamentals required in the engineering discipline
WK4: (专业知识与前沿) Engineering specialist knowledge that provides theoretical frameworks and bodies of knowledge for the accepted practice areas in the engineering discipline; much is at the forefront of the discipline.
WK8: (研究基础)Engagement with selected knowledge in the research literature of the discipline
华盛顿协议：实质等效的参考框架之一： Graduate Attribute Profiles
WA1: Apply knowledge of mathematics, natural science, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization as specified in WK1 to WK4 respectively to the solution of complex engineering problems.（工程知识）
WA2: Identify, formulate, research literature and analyse complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences. (WK1 to WK4) （问 题分析：分析的复杂程度）
WK7: (工程与社会)Comprehension of the role of engineering in society and identified issues in engineering practice in the discipline: ethics and the professional responsibility of an engineer to public safety; the impacts of engineering activity: economic, social, cultural, environmental and sustainability
• 理解研究和技术发展对社会的重要的战略性的影响
技术发展必须与社会责任相匹配， 必须有利于社会的可持续发展
个人的能力、态度加上 人际沟通能力
如何将能力表述至“可衡量”
能力的知识基础 与能力相联系，而不是“为知识而知识”
能够干什么？ 解决问题
可区分的“层次”
问题或活动的“复杂”程度是区分的关键 相互可比
从“知其然”到“知其所以然”
我们为什么要这样做 其实有时“知其然”也只是“毛估估”
如何体现“以能力培养”为核心
从“知道做了”到“知道做的怎么样”
以什么为参照系来评价“做的怎么样” 规范的自我评估与评价机制 基于良性循环的自我改进机制
基于产出: 如何证明达成？
工程教育认证的基本方式
WA11: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering management principles and economic decision-making and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments. （项目管理 和财务：不同类型活动中所需管理层次）
WA6: Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and solutions to complex engineering problems. (WK7) （工程与社会：知识与责任的层次）
WA3: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design systems, components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. (WK5) （设计与开发解决方案：广度与独 特性）
WA12: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change. （终 身学习：所作的准备以及学习深度）
学得怎么
样？
究竟有什么不同：教学计划和实施
基于课程
• 教学计划的核心是确定要上哪些课程，而确定哪些课程的根据 是对于该学科的“理解”
• 教学实施过程是安排上“好”每门课 • 教学评估是评价每门课上得怎么样
“内容” 决定内容
基于产出
• 教学的目的是使得毕业生达到一定的能力要求 • 教学计划要明确反映对毕业要求的支撑 • 上“好”课就是有效的完成相应的“支撑”任务“需求”
WA5: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modelling, to complex engineering problems, with an understanding of the limitations. (WK6) （现代工 具的使用：对适用性理解的深度）
Graduate Attribute Profiles（续）
WA4: Conduct investigations of complex problems using research-based knowledge (WK8) and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions. （调研：广度与深度）
WA7: Understand and evaluate the sustainability and impact of professional engineering work in the solution of complex engineering problems in societal and environmental contexts. (WK7) （环境和可持续发展：问题性质）