2018_2019学年高中英语Unit14Careers单元质量检测(二)(含解析)北师大版必修5

单元质量检测(二)
(时间：100分钟满分：120分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
★Would you like volunteers to help with everyday chores? A retired couple wants to contribute in any way that can help. We worked with BlazeAid, a volunteer­based organization, in the last two years, but want to stay away from the coast this year. We have owned a small farm in Victoria for 20 years but now live in the town. He is a good handyman for most jobs while I am an accountant. We are available from 10th to 28th June. The perfect arrangement is to provide power & water connections for our caravan (可供居住的拖车). Please contact Noel & Sue Hutchens on 0427543001.
★We will be leaving Brisbane and are looking for work. We haven't set a destination and just prepare to go wherever the work takes us. Below is a little about us and what we have experience in, but we are happy to try anything, especially picking. My husband's name is John, 57 years old. He is fit and has experience in the fruit & vegetable industry. We have o ur own self­contained caravan. Please contact John on 0419670602.
★My name is Carol and my partner is Allan. We are travelling around Australia and looking for short­ or long­term work as Motel or Caravan Park Managers. We both take pride in our work and are very interested in the hotel industry. We are non­smokers and consider ourselves friendly, honest, reliable, flexible, enthusiastic, quick learners with a willingness to learn more and a desire to deliver outstanding customer service. Please contact Carol on 0438822295.
★We are a happy and healthy couple experienced in caretaking of caravan parks and are looking for short­term caretaker roles in Victoria or New South Wales. We have a fully self­contained caravan and a tiny pet Chihuahua. Please contact C lyde on 0407510690.
语篇解读：本文是应用文。

主要是某网站上发布的寻找工作的四条启事。

1．Which number should you call if you need help with daily chores?
A．0427543001. B．0419670602.
C．0438822295. D．0407510690.
解析：选 A 细节理解题。

由第一段的“Would you like volunteers to help with
everyday chores？”“Please contact Noel & Sue Hutchens on 0427543001”可知，第一对夫妻帮人们免费干家务活儿，联系他们可以拨打电话0427543001。

2.Where do John and his wife most want to work?
A．On fruit farms. B．Near Brisbane.
C．In caravan parks. D．Near their hometown.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

由第二段的“especially picking”和“has experience in the fruit & vegetable industry” 可推知，他们最想要工作的地方是果园。

3．What makes the last couple different from the other three?
A．They have little relevant experience.
B．They want to try something different.
C．They are specific about working places.
D．Th ey have a fully self­contained caravan.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

由最后一段的“are looking for short­term caretaker roles in Victoria or New South Wales”可知，相比其他三对夫妻，最后一对夫妻对于工作地点有明确想法。

B
For years, tech companies, banks and even traditional industrial companies have been hiring programmers, software developers and computer scientists as fast as they can find them. Since 2010, there has been a 59 percent leap in jobs for software application developers in the U．S. and a 15 percent jump in pay, to an average ＄102,300 in 2014. Reports about tech engineers earning more than professional athletes keep making headlines.
There were 59,581 graduates in computer and information sciences in U．S. colleges and universities in 2015. While that number grew 7.8 percent from the year earlier, it does not seem to be keeping up with demand from employers' reports. A new study indicates that both students and employers are finding a way around the problem: making use of less obvious career pathways that lead to software jobs anyway. The study tracked the career choices of 1.2 million college graduates from 2010 to 2013. Among its findings: many people working as computer scientists, software developers and programmers used their college years not to major (主修) in computer programming or software development, but to major in traditional sciences or other types of engineering.
At Indiana University Bloomington, dozens of math and science majors have been winning software­related jobs after graduation. Bioinformatics (生物信息学) companies such as Cerner and Epic Systems have been eager to hire biology majors who picked up coding (编程) skills without majoring in computer science. General Motors has been employing math majors as software testers and software developers. Math majors are in demand at Microsoft too.
Widening the range of majors also helps create a workforce with more diverse perspectives. Luke Kanies, who majored in chemistry, has been working at Puppet Labs. He and his colleagues test software the same way chemists test their theoretical models.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

为了应对计算机科学人才紧缺的情况，美国众多公司聘用非计算机专业的毕业生从事计算机相关工作。

4．What mainly affects employment trends according to the text?
A．Development of computer science.
B．Students' choices of majors in college.
C．Increasing profits of traditional industries.
D．Employers' needs for certain professionals.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

由第一段可知，科技公司、银行和传统工业公司对程序员、软件开发员和计算机科学家的需求加大，导致这类职业紧俏，工资待遇相对提高，从而会有更多的学生选择相关专业进行学习；由此可知，大体上看，是雇主对某些专业人员的需求影响着就业趋势。

5．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Engineering students could adapt to software jobs well.
B．The graduates tracked didn't study computer in college.
C．The growth rate of majors in computer was unexpected.
D．Most graduates chose to work in computing­based fields.
解析：选A 细节理解题。

由第二段的“both students and employers are finding a way around the problem: making use of less obvious career pathways that lead to software jobs anyway”和最后一句可知，很多从事计算机相关工作的毕业生所学专业为传统科学或其他工程类专业；故选A。

6．What might be non­computer­science majors' advantage in the computer­related job market?
A．Rather higher salaries.
B．Their broad knowledge.
C．Less time spent on training.
D．Their being expert in theoretical basis.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

由第三段可知，一些公司也会特别雇用一些如生物或数学等特定专业的毕业生从事计算机相关的工作，同时结合最后一段的第一句及所举例子可推知，非主修计算机科学的人在计算机相关就业市场的优势是，相对于单一计算机专业背景的职员来说，他们有着更加广博的知识。

7．What does the author try to indicate in the text?
A．Computer­related companies pay well in general.
B．Big companies are open­minded on their workers' skills.
C．You don't have to study computer science to make it as a career.
D．People studying other subjects are much in demand as programmers.
解析：选C 推理判断题。

综合全文可知，作者通过研究数据和一些例子说明，许多不是主修计算机科学的人也能从事计算机相关的工作。

也就是说，即使你不是主修计算机科学的，你也可以把它当作自己的职业。

C
Too often, career choices are based on salaries or earning potential. But will choosing a career based on this standard determine your success? How can you ensure you'll like what you are doing?
Be true to your motivators (激励因素). Career Anchors:
Self­Assessment, developed by Edgar H. Schein, a professor
at MIT's Sloan School of Management, is one tool aimed to
help you assess your ability, motives and values related to
your work choices. There are eight motivators to help you better understand what is important in your career. By the way, money is not one of the motivators.
Passion (热爱). Passion cannot be ignored. When asked what contributes to their success, successful professionals will likely answer that they love what they do. Eric Stutzke, executive vice president of Finance & Operations at OneWire, a career site for finance professionals, says those who truly love the financial world will easily adapt and succeed.
Company culture and people. Once you have discovered a career, begin looking at the company culture and people who work in that area. While the job might fit, some company cultures may not line up with what is important to you. The best way to get this information is to speak with people who presently work for the company or recently worked there.
Learn by doing. All your research can help direct you in the correct direction, but sometimes experience is the best teacher. A temporary job ca n give you hands­on experience that can go a long way in helping you make the right choice. If you don't like the job, it's better to know this sooner rather than later. Don't_rule_it_out_altogether,_because your experience may not have been typical. Ask trusted advisors or friends to help you assess the situation before removing some of your options (选择)．
语篇解读：本文是议论文。

文章介绍了我们在选择职业道路时应考虑的几个因素。

8．Who is the book Career Anchors: Self­Assessment intended for?
A．People wanting to become more competitive.
B．People wanting to make more money.
C．People wanting a career assessment.
D．People wanting more motivators.
解析：选C 推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Career Anchors: Self­Assessment... is one tool aimed to help you assess your ability, motives and values related to your work choices”可知，这本书帮助读者进行与职业选择相关的自我测评，故可推知这本书是为想进行职业测评的人编写的。

9．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Eric Stutzke's statement?
A．Passion contributes to our career success.
B．Loving the financial world really matters.
C．Both money and passion cannot be ignored.
D．It's important to adapt to a new environment.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

第三段主要是说对工作的热爱有助于在职业上取得成功，作者引用Eric Stutzke所说的话是为了举例说明。

10．What does “Don't rule it out altogether” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Don't give up a job easily.
B．Don't remove all your options.
C．Ask advisors or friends for help.
D．Gather more valuable social experience.
解析：选A 句意理解题。

rule out意为“排除在外，不予考虑”，结合句子所在语境可知，如果你对一份工作不喜欢，早知道这点比晚知道的好，但是，不要完全就不考虑这份工作了，因为有可能是你的工作经历不具有代表性，还应该寻求他人的帮助，对情况进行评估，由此推知该句意为：不要轻易放弃一份工作。

11．What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To encourage us to love our job.
B．To tell us how to find a job easily.
C．To help us choose a right career path.
D．To show the value of the company culture.
解析：选C 写作意图题。

文章介绍了我们在选择职业时应考虑的几个因素，旨在帮助我们做出正确的职业选择。

D
Researchers in Seattle said last year that captured (被捕获的) crows remember the face of their abductor (绑架者). Even though years had passed since they saw the threatening face, the crows in the experiment would divebomb him, suggesting the birds held tightly to a negative association.
Now the researchers' follow­up study shows that the birds' brains light up much like the human mind when they see a face they know. “The regions of the crow brain that work together are not unlike those that work together in mammals, including humans，” said lead researcher John Marzluff of the University of Washington.“These regions were suspected to work in birds.”
In the study, 12 male adult crows were captured by researchers who were all wearing one type of mask, referred to in the study as the threatening face. Then during four weeks, the birds were fed by people wearing a different mask. Though both disguises had neutral (中性的) expressions, this mask was referred to as the caring face.
The researchers injected a fluid into the bodies of the crows. The crows were then put in the presence of someone wearing either the threatening or caring mask for about 15 minutes before the birds were given a brain scan (扫描). The fluid showed which parts of their brains were most active around a certain mask­wearer.
Marzluff said it appears the smart birds have a region of their brain that is similar to the amygdale of mammals. “The amygdale is the region of the mammal brain where negative associations are stored as memories，” he said. “Previous work primarily concerned its function in mammals, while our work shows that a similar system is at work in birds.”
“Their brain activity suggests that the birds view their keepers who fed and cared for them as valued social partners, rather than animals that must be feared，”Marzl uff said.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

美国西雅图的研究者们的一项实验表明，对欺负过自己的人类，
乌鸦在多年后仍然“念念不忘，怀恨在心”。

12．How would a crow react upon seeing its abductor?
A．It would fly away at once.
B．It would try to attack him.
C．It would follow him quietly.
D．It would give a loud warning.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由第一段“... would dive­bomb him, suggesting the birds held tightly to a negative association”可知，多年之后那些乌鸦仍旧会攻击那些曾绑架过自己的人。

13．What do we know about the crows' brains?
A．They function as well as humans'.
B．They keep only negative information.
C．They work like humans' in some areas.
D．They are totally different from mammals'.
解析：选 C 细节理解题。

由第二段“The regions of the crow brain that work together are not unlike those that work together in mammals, including humans”可知，乌鸦大脑中的某些区域同人类大脑的某些区域工作模式是一样的。

14．What does the under lined word “disguises” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Masks. B．Researchers.
C．Crows. D．Faces.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。

由该词语境可知，disguises是指研究人员佩戴的两种不同的面具。

15．Why did the researchers put a fluid into the crows'bodies?
A．To make the birds excited.
B．To help locate the amygdale.
C．To make a brain scan possible.
D．To see what was going on in the crows' brains.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

由第四段“The fluid showed which parts of their brains were most active around a certain mask­wearer”可知，研究人员在乌鸦的体内注入某种液体，通过追踪这些液体发现乌鸦头脑中的活动。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you were a basketball coach and you ignored your goal to win a championship
and focused only on what your team did each day, would you still get results? I think you would.__16__
When you're working toward a goal, in fact you are saying, “Although I'm not good enough, I will work hard to reach my goal. Once I achieve my goal, then I'll be successful and happy.” That means that you're always teaching yourself to put happiness and success off until the next important goal is achieved. __17__ Can you imagine what it would be like to make it my goal to write two books this year? Just writing some sentences can make me feel worried.
You may think your goal will keep you motivated (有动机的) over the long term, but that's not always true. __18__ Many people will work hard for months, but as soon as they finish the race, they stop training. Their goal is to finish the half­marathon. And now that they have completed it, that goal is no longer there to motivate them. When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal, what is left to push you forward after you achieve it? This can create a type of “yo­yo effect”．__19__ This type of cycle makes it difficult to build upon your progress for the long term.
Goals can provide direction and even push you forward in the short term, but eventually a well­designed course of action will always win. __20__ Committing to the process is what makes the difference.
A．Having a course of action is what matters.
B．Consider someone tra ining for a half­marathon.
C．We all have things that we want to achieve in our life.
D．Choosing a goal puts a huge burden on your shoulders.
E．What's the difference between goals and courses of action?
F．People go back and forth from working on a goal to not working on one.
G．Let's talk about why you should focus on the courses of action instead of goals.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

人们常说：要成功，首先要树立目标，而本文告诉我们比起树立目标，拥有精心设计的行动方案可能更重要。

16．解析：选G 本空引出下文的内容：为什么我们更应该关注行动方案而不是目标。

17．解析：选D 根据本空后举例可知，此处谈及设立目标会让我们承担很大的负担。

18．解析：选B 根据本空后内容可知，此处是指假设有一个人正在为参加半程马拉松比赛而训练。

而空后内容也对后续可能出现的状况进行了进一步说明。

19．解析：选F 本空是对上句中的“a type of‘yo­yo effect’”进行说明。

这种
悠悠球效应是指人们在某个目标上要不要努力摇摆不定。

20．解析：选A 本空与上句构成顺接关系，即：真正重要的还是要有一项行动方案。

Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Wallace Johnson, builder of many Holiday Inn motels, has an interesting story to tell.
“When I was forty years old, I __21__ in a factory，”
he said.“One morning the boss told me, ‘You're __22__！’”
Depressed and discouraged, I felt like the world had caved
in on me.It was __23__ the Depression, and my wife and I
__24__ needed the small wages I had been __25__.”
When I arrived home, I told my wife what had __26__. She said, “What are you going to do now？”
I replied, “I'm going to mortgage (抵押) our little home, and go into the __27__ business.” My first __28__ was the building of two small buildings.Within five years, I was a multi­millionaire!
“Today, if I could __29__ the man who fired me, I would sincerely thank him for what he did.At the time it happened, I didn't understand __30__ I was fired. Later, I saw that it was a __31__ plan to get me into the way of his choosing！”
Not all who __32__ and overcome unfavorable (不利的) conditions become multi­millionaires.Most of course don't.There are, however, much greater riche s in life than __33__， and all who accept their conditions, no matter how __34__ they are, will without question profit greatly from their experiences.
It takes suffering to __35__ us patience; suffering to teach us sympathy; sorrow to teach us understanding; despair to teach us __36__； defeat to teach us courage; hardship to teach us strength; and so on.
Any __37__ can be turned into gain when we are willing to be __38__ always; pray continually; give thanks in all conditions.
Acceptance, trust, thanksgiving, plus determination, are all __39__ to turn problems into profit.Do this with __40__ and you will turn every pain into gain, and through it all make something beautiful out of your life.
语篇解读：本文通过一个人被解雇后，奋发努力成为百万富翁的故事，告诉我们只要有毅力，就可以度过艰难的时期，并且可以把痛苦转化成对我们有益的事情。

21．A.played B．worked
C．snapped D．retired
解析：选B 根据后面的“in a factory”并结合下文内容可知，他在一家工厂工作。

22．A.scared B．tired
C．fired D．puzzled
解析：选C 根据后面的“Depressed and discouraged”可知，老板告诉他他被解雇了。

23．A.during B．with
C．since D．over
解析：选A 这一切发生在经济大萧条期间。

“在……期间”用介词during。

24．A.hardly B．gradually
C．slightly D．desperately
解析：选 D 当时是经济大萧条期，因此他和妻子非常需要他那点微薄的工资。

desperately“急需地；迫切地”，符合题意。

25．A.winning B．earning
C．calculating D．saving
解析：选B 结合前面的“the small wages”可知，此处表示他挣的那点工资。

26．A.disappeared B．needed
C．happened D．paid
解析：选C 他回到家里告诉妻子发生了什么事情，即把自己被解雇的事情告诉妻子。

27．A.building B．clothing
C．recycling D．farming
解析：选A 从下文的“the building”可知，他要进入建筑行业。

28．A.failure B．loss
C．danger D．attempt
解析：选D 他第一次在建筑行业的尝试是盖两个比较小的建筑。

29．A.remember B．find
C．reward D．thank
解析：选B 由于他很快地就成了百万富翁，因此现在他表示如果他能够找到当时的那个老板的话，会感谢老板解雇了他。

30．A.when B．how
C．why D．whether
解析：选C 当时他并不明白自己为什么被解雇。

31．A.wonderful B．new
C．firm D．terrible
解析：选A 虽然当时自己不明白为什么被解雇，但是现在他却把那次的经历看成是一个美妙的计划，让他能够重新进行选择。

32．A.improve B．change
C．control D．suffer
解析：选D 根据后面的“unfavorable conditions”可知，作者表示并不是每一个经受这种不利条件的人都可以克服困难成为百万富翁。

33．A.money B．fame
C．love D．success
解析：选A 与前面的riches呼应，指在生活中有比钱更加富有的东西。

34．A.perfect B．difficult
C．good D．favorable
解析：选B 无论他们的情况有多么地艰难，如果能够接受这个情况的话，这些人将毫无疑问地会从他们的经历中受益很多。

35．A.bring B．teach
C．award D．present
解析：选B 从后面的“teach us”中可知，这里是平行的结构，故用teach。

36．A.pity B．death
C．hope D．love
解析：选C 与前面的despair对比，指绝望教给我们希望。

这里几个都是平行的结构，都是互相对比的。

37．A.idea B．apology
C．regret D．pain
解析：选D 任何的痛苦都可以转变成收获。

根据后文的“...you will turn every pain into gain.”也可得出正确答案。

38．A.joyful B．grateful
C．creative D．energetic
解析：选A 当我们想要总是高兴，要一直祈祷，任何痛苦都可以转化成受益的东西。

39．A.required B．preferred
C．admitted D．selected
解析：选A 接纳、信任和感恩以及意志坚定，都是把问题转化成受益东西所需要的。

40．A.happiness B．determination
C．attitude D．peace
解析：选B 坚定意志，你就可以把痛苦转化成受益的东西。

Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When you eat out in a restaurant, it is not unusual to see people fighting for the privilege of paying the bill. These fights __41__ (be) often very loud and active. Each person __42__ (include) shows an honest desire to pick up the bill.
In fact, figuring out who will get the bill is always __43__ headache for the Chinese at formal meals. Going Dutch (AA制) __44__ (greet) enthusiastically by many young people since it was introduced a few years ago. However, older generations who fear “losing face”still find __45__ shameful and mean to calculate each person's share of the bill.
Thanks __46__ digital payment apps, splitting (分摊) the bill electronically is becoming __47__ (wide) accepted nowadays. By paying their share via WeChat or Alipay on their phones in one easy click, the Chinese feel they relieve the __48__ (embarrass) of figuring out each person's payment when they order a meal. “Many of us never go out without our phones because they are __49__ (convenience). And person­to­person mobile payment services are incredibly easy __50__ (use) and save the trouble of dealing with change，” said 18­year­old Han Chen, a student from a senior high school.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

手机客户端改变中国人对AA制付钱的态度。

只要轻松点击，就能通过智能手机扫描二维码并支付分摊的账单。

更重要的，不会令人感到尴尬。

41．are 时间状语often常与一般现在时连用；主语是fights, 谓语动词需用复数形式。

42．included 过去分词included用作后置定语，意思是“包含在内的”。

43．a 此处意思是：谁付款总是“一件头疼的事(a headache)”。

44．has been greeted 主语Going Dutch是谓语动词动作greet的承受者，需用被动语态；since引导的时间状语常与现在完成时连用。

45．it it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to calculate each person's share of the bill”。

46．to thanks to是习惯搭配，意思是“多亏；幸亏”。

47．widely 空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用wide的副词形式。

48．embarrassment 空格中所填单词在句中作relieve的宾语，需用embarrass的名词形式。

49．convenient 空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用convenience的形容词形式。

50．to use easy后常接不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Some people learn new skills more quickly than others, so you needn't feel discouraging if some of your classmate seem to be learning English more quickly than you. If you keep on practicing, you will be master English in the end.
In the meantime, try to make English learning as fun as possibly. I suggest that you watched English language movies on your free time. I also suggest reading some English language magazines on topics that interested you and joining games at your school's English Corner. If your school doesn't already have a English Corner, you might want think about starting one.
答案：第一句：discouraging→discouraged;
classmate→classmates
第二句：去掉be
第三句：possibly→possible
第四句：watched→watch; on→in
第五句：interested→interest; joining后加in
第六句：a→an; want后加to
Ⅵ.书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华，想成为英国某培训机构的一名教汉语的志愿者。

请你根据以下内容用英语写一封申请信。

1．成为志愿者能介绍中国的文化；
2．自己的优势。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir or Madam，
As we know, a growing number of countries hope to know more about China.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua 参考范文：
Dear Sir or Madam，
As we know, a growing number of countries hope to know more about China. As a Chinese student, I sincerely wish that I would have an opportunity to be a volunteer to introduce the excellent and traditional culture of China to British people.
I'm diligent. That is, I can deal with what I meet in my daily life independently.
I have a good knowledge of Chinese culture and have a gift for communicating with others. Apart from that, I am expert at oral English so that I can share my ideas with British people fluently. Finally, I'm always ready to help others in need.
In a word, I wish to have a chance to talk more about China and make lots of contributions to Chinese teaching in Britain.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua。