2021版高考英语一轮复习第一编教材回眸Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour讲义新人

2021版高考英语一轮复习第一编教材回眸Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour讲义新人教版必修4
【题目优选】
假设你是李华，喜爱学习英语，在学习的过程中发觉自己看不明白一些英语见笑，请依照以下要点给某英文报刊编辑写一封信就这一问题进行咨询：
1.我是个英语爱好者，英语成绩还不错；
2.不能明白得英语杂志上小见笑的幽默之处；
3.向编辑咨询显现这种现象的缘故并寻求改进建议。

4．开头和结尾已给出。

Dear editor，
I am Li Hua, ____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua 【经典范文】
Dear_editor,_
I_am_Li_Hua,_ a senior high school student, who loves English very much, and I am writing to ask you for help.
I have been learning English hard for about six years and my English teacher often praises me for my excellent performance. However, I am very puzzled when I can't understand some jokes at all in some English magazines such as Reader's Digest, although I know all the words. Could you please tell me the reason why I can't take in the humour in the jokes? Maybe you can give me some suggestions on how to change the situation.
Best wishes to you! I am looking forward to receiving your letter.
Yours_sincerely,_
Li_Hua 【名师点拨】
本文思路清晰，要点齐全。

文中词汇丰富，如高级词汇puzzled, situation, such as 等；文章句式多变，成功地使用了定语从句、时刻状语从句及让步状语从句等。

另外，过渡性词语如however, maybe等的使用，使行文自然流畅。

1．核心单词
(1)content(adj.) 满足的；中意的 (n.) 满足 (vt.) 使满足
(2)entertain(vt.& vi.) 使欢乐；招待→entertainment(n.) 娱乐→entertaining(adj.) 有味的；使人愉快的
(3)overcome(vt.& vi.) 战胜；克服→overcame(过去式)→overcome(过去分词)
(4)convince(vt.)使信服→convincing(adj.) 令人信服的
(5)direct(vt.& vi.) 导演；指示；指挥(adj.) 直的；直截了当的；直率的→direction(n.) 指导；方向→director(n.) 导演→directly(adv.& conj.) 直截了当地；径直地；一……就……
(6)slide(vt.& vi.) (使)滑动；(使)滑行 (n.)滑；滑动；幻灯片→slid(过去式/过去分词)
(7)whisper(n.)耳语；低语 (v.) 低语；小声说
(8)react(vi.) 作出反应；回应→reaction(n.) 反应；回应
2．阅读单词
(1)astonish (vt.) 使惊诧
(2)astonishing (adj.) 令人感到惊奇的
(3)fortunate (adj.) 幸运的；吉利的
(4)unfortunately (adv.) 不幸地
(5)ordinary (adj.) 平常的；一般的
(6)bored (adj.) 厌烦的
(7)worn (adj.) 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的
(8)failure (n.) 失败(者)
(9)outstanding (adj.) 突出的；杰出的；显著的
(10)gesture (n.) 姿势；手势(vi.) 做手势
(11)particularly (adv.) 专门地；专门地
(12)occasion (n.) 时刻；场合
(13)amuse (vt.) 使发笑；使愉快
(14)explanation (n.) 说明；讲解；说明
(15)drunk (adj.) 醉的
【即景活用】
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1．What was Jeff's ________(react) when you told him about the job?
答案：reaction
2．My English teacher suggested that I should learn from my________(fail) and hoped I could do better next time.
答案：failure
3．The judge didn't believe his ________(explain) that he had stolen the money
in order to give it to charity.
答案：explanation
4．But I am not persuaded that he, or anybody else, offers ________(convince) answers.
答案：convincing
5．The boy is ________(particular) interested in making model planes.
答案：particularly
6．A boy shouted in my ________(direct) across the playground.
答案：direction
7．She ________(whisper) a few words weakly before she fell down.
答案：whispered
8．Children's TV nowadays is much more ________(entertain)．
答案：entertaining
9．They were dancing and singing on the square, much to the ________(amuse) of passers­by.
答案：amusement
10．The boy was ________(slide) on the ice, but suddenly he lost his balance and fell down.
答案：sliding
联想积存
1．“­ous”后缀形容词一览
①humorous幽默的
②dangerous危险的
③mountainous多山的
④continuous连续的
⑤poisonous有毒的
⑥generous大方的
⑦famous闻名的
⑧numerous大量的
2．“满足；中意”家族
①content adj.满足的；中意的
②satisfy vt.使中意；满足
③satisfaction n．中意；满足
④pleased adj.快乐的；中意的
⑤meet vt. 满足
3．各种“惊奇”
①astonishing 令人惊奇的
②amazing 令人吃惊的
③surprising 出人意料的
④shocking 令人震动的
4．“说”法荟萃
①whisper小声说；耳语
②speak 说；演讲；发言
③chat 谈天
④inform 通知；告诉
⑤announce 宣告；宣布
⑥declare 宣布；声明
⑦comment 评论；议论
1．up_to_now 直到现在
2．feel/be_content_with对……感到满足
3．badly_off 穷的；缺少的
4．pick_out 挑出；辨别出
5．cut off切断；断绝
6．star in 在……担任主角；主演
7．pick up 偶然获得；收听；好转；捡起；
用车接某人
8．react to 对……作出反应；回应
【即景活用】
用所给短语的适当形式填空
star in， badly off， cut off， pick out， react to， be content with
1．The teacher ________what the students had done in the holiday.
答案：was content with
2．Everyone makes mistakes, but the real test is how you ________them.
答案：react to
3．It is usually easier to ________the meaning of a word in a given context.
答案：pick out
4．The water supply in that city________for several days because of pollution.
答案：was cut off
5．The school is rather ________for equipment.
答案：badly off
6．Everybody thought this young actor would have a bright future after he ________two films.
答案：starred in
联想积存
1．“v.＋out”常用短语荟萃
①pick out选择；辨认出
②give out分发；耗尽；用光；发出(光、热或信号)
③work out制定出；运算出；锤炼
④run out用光；耗尽
⑤make out明白得；辨认出
⑥carry out实行；实施
⑦figure out 明白得；弄清晰
2．“be＋adj.＋about”短语小结
①be particular about对……挑剔
②be anxious about为……感到担忧/焦虑
③be cautious about对……慎重
④be crazy about对……疯狂
⑤be curious about对……感到好奇
⑥be nervous about对……感到紧张
⑦be sceptical about对……感到怀疑
3．“v.＋into”短语大全
①break into闯入；破门而入
②burst into闯入；突然发作
③get into进入；陷入
④go into进入；从事(某类工作)；详细说明
⑤look into调查；观看
⑥put into往……投入(资金)；在……花费；为……增加(某种)特质
⑦run in to撞上；偶然碰见
⑧turn into变成
1．Unfortunately hisfather died,leaving the family even worse off.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰巨。

2．Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti. 然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。

【句式仿写】
1．The little girl was left alone in the room, __________________ .
那个小女孩被单独留在房间里，难过地哭了。

答案：crying bitterly
2．They completely ignore these facts ________they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就看起来它们不存在一样。

答案：as if/though
联想积存
现在分词、不定式作结果状语小结
①现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料，情理之中，自然而然”的结果。

这种分词的逻辑主语既能够是句子的主语，也能够是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

②不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。

[单词点津]
content adj. 满足的；中意的n. 满足；内容；含量vt. 使满足[教材原句]He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.
在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使人们开怀大笑，因此他们对自己的生活感到比较满足。

(1)be content to do sth.＝be willing/ready to do sth.乐于做某事；满足于做某事
feel/be content with sth.＝feel/be satisfied/pleased with sth.对某事感到中意/满足
(2)content sb./oneself with使某人/自己对……感到满足
(3)to one's content使某人中意的是
with content中意地；满足地
【专门提醒】
(1)content作形容词时，只用作表语；若用于名词前作定语，要用contented。

(2)content作“名目”解时，总是用其复数形式。

【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①We should never be content ________book knowledge only.
②I am content ________(view) the mountains from below.
③I emptied the ________(content) of the fridge into carrier bag s.
答案：①with②to view③contents
(2)完成句子
As time went on, he __________________a simple life.
随着时刻的流逝，他满足于过朴素的生活。

答案：was content with/contented himself with
astonishing adj. 令人感到惊奇的
[教材原句]You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
你可能感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。

(1)be astonished at/by sth.对某事感到惊奇
be astonished to see/find/hear/learn ... 专门惊奇地看到/发觉/听到/得知……
It astonishes sb. that ... 令某人惊奇的是……
be astonished that ... 对……感到惊奇
(2)astonishment n．惊奇
to one's astonishment令某人惊奇的是
(3)astonishing adj.令人感到惊奇的
astonished adj.感到惊奇的
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①I am astonished ________the news of his escape.
②I'm astonished ________(learn) that her parents don't give her love and care but only give her money.
③Much to my ________(astonish), she remembered my name!
答案：①at/by ②to learn ③astonishment
(2)单句改错
People are surprised to see that the eel has been marked up to an astonished price.
_____________________________________________________
答案：astonished→astonishing
entertaining adj. 愉快的；有味的
[教材原句]No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。

(1)entertain sb. with ...用……使某人欢乐；用……使某人有爱好
entertain sb. 宴请某人；招待某人
entertain oneself自娱自乐
(2)entertain v. 招待；招待；使有爱好；使欢乐
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①The traveller entertained his friend ________stories, some of which were really more than could be believed.
②Humour will help your speech stand out and keep everyone________(entertain)．
③This law applies to theatres, cinemas and some other places of public ________ (entertain)．
答案：①with ②entertained ③entertainment
(2)单句改错
①I entertained the children to stories, songs and drama.
_____________________________________________________
②The poetry is entertained and poetic from beginning to end.
_____________________________________________________
答案：①to→with②entertained→entertaining
convincing adj. 令人信服的
[教材原句]The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!
查理的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐！
(1)convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
be convinced of sth. 确信某事
be convinced (that) ... 确信……
convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
(2)convinced adj.确信的；信服的
(3)convince vt. 使确信；使信服
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①You'll need to convince them ________your enthusiasm for the job.
②His mother has been trying to convince him ________(see) a doctor.
③This last argument is the most ________(convince) to me.
答案：①of ②to see ③convincing
(2)完成句子
Jack ______________someone knows they are there.
杰克确信有人明白他们来到了那儿。

答案：is convinced that
direct v. 导演；指示；指挥adj. 直的；直截了当的；直率的[教材原句]Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in.
查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。

(1)direct sb. to someplace 指引某人到某处
direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事
direct (that) sb./sth. (should) do/be done要求某人/事(被)做
(2)direction n．方向；指导；指挥；(常用复数)说明书
in every direction＝in all directions 朝四面八方
in the direction of 朝……方向
under the direction of sb./sb's direction 在某人的指导/治理下
(3)directly adv. 直截了当地；赶忙
conj.一……就(常用于引导时刻状语从句)
【专门提醒】
作为副词，direct常用于具体意义，意为“中途不停；径直”；directly常用于抽象意义，意为“直截了当；赶忙；赶忙”。

【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①The judge directed the defendant ________(remain) silent.
②I will telephone you ________(direct) I hear the news.
③The film Miss Granny________(direct) by Chen Zhengdao is popular with young people.
④________Thompson's direction, the college has developed an international reputation.
答案：①to remain ②directly ③directed ④Under
(2)单句改错
Standing at the crossing, I feel cars passing by from all directions.
_____________________________________________________
答案：from→in
[短语点拨]
badly off 穷的；缺少的
[教材原句]Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭更加艰巨。

(1)worse off更穷的；更艰巨的
well off富裕的；境况好的
better off更富裕的；境况更好的
badly off for sth.缺少某物
(2)worse and worse越来越坏；每况愈下
go from bad to worse越来越坏；每况愈下
to make matters worse＝what is worse 更糟糕的是
【即景活用】
(1)单句改错
As far as I know, the school is rather badly off equipment and books.
_____________________________________________________
答案：off后加for
(2)完成句子
①They __________________to ha ve a holiday.
他们太穷，不能去度假。

②We are hoping for an improvement but things ________________ .
我们期望有所改善，然而情况却每况愈下。

③And __________________ , the new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
更糟糕的是，新主人不打算投入它所需要的资金。

答案：①are too badly off②have gone fro m bad to worse ③to make matters worse
pick out挑出；辨别出
[教材原句]Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.
然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。

pick out sb./sth. from ...从……中挑出/辨别出某人/物
pick up捡起；捡起；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；接收(节目)；躯体好转
pick yourself up(跌倒后)站起来；振作起来
pick one's pocket扒窃
pick one's way择路而行；小心看着路行走
【即景活用】
完成句子
①She ________________from thousands of applicants for the job.
她从数千申请这份工作的人中被选择出来。

②________________ . Courage is doing what you're afraid to do.
振作起来，勇气确实是做你不敢做的事。

③They had to ____________through the mud.
他们不得不小心地沿着泥泞的路前行。

答案：①was picked out②Pick yourself up③pick their way
cut off 割掉；切断；使隔绝
[教材原句]Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.
查理切掉皮鞋上面的部分，和同伴分享这只鞋。

(1)cut across (问题或情绪)阻碍到不同群体；从某地穿过
(2)cut down 砍倒；(疾病等)夺去生命；削减；缩短
(3)cut in 插嘴；强行超车(后常接on)
(4)cut ... into halves/pieces把……切成两半/碎片
(5)cut out 剪出某种形状；割掉；删掉；停止做
(6)cut up 切碎
【即景活用】
完成句子
①The town ______________from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
由于暴雪小镇与外界隔绝了。

②By getting the de sign right, you can ________on accidents.
改进设计能够减少意外事故。

③________the carrots before you put them into the pot.
把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅里。

④Accidents are often caused by drivers who try to ________ .
司机超车常常造成意外事故。

答案：①was cut off②cut down③Cut up④cut in
[句型与语法]
[教材原句]As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter
from the human face”， and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.
正如维克多·雨果曾经所说：“笑容如阳光，能驱逐人脸上的寒意”，到目前为止，没有人能比查理·卓别林更好地做到这一点。

(1)as此处引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，意为“正如，正像”。

(2)as引导非限制性定语从句的常见搭配：
as we all know众所周知
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
as we expect正如我们预料的那样
as you can see如你所见
as has been said above如上所述
as is often the case情形常常是如此
【专门提醒】
which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能位于主句后面，指代主句整句或部分内容。

【即景活用】
完成句子
①______________________ , “Every coin has two sides.”
正如古语所说，“每个硬币都有两面”。

②G20 Summit, __________________ , attracted the attention of the whole world.
正如我们所料，G20峰会引起了全世界的关注。

③Success comes from hard work, __________________________.
众所周知，成功来自于努力。

答案：①As the old saying goe s ②as we expected③as we all know/as is known to all
[教材原句]The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.
他的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐。

(1)句中convincing是动词­ing形式作表语。

(2)①动词­ing形式作表语
表示主语具有的特点、性质和状态(动词­ing形式相当于一个形容词)。

常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。

②动词­ing形式作定语
动词的­ing形式能够单独作定语，也能够构成合成词作定语，然而在更多情形下是分词短语作定语，包括限制性和非限制性(用逗号和其他部分分开)，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。

③动词­ing形式作宾语补足语
动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与分词动作之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。

它要紧用
于以下两
类动词后作宾语补足语：
a．表示感受和心理状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。

b．使役动词，如keep, have, get, leave, catch等。

【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①The situation is very much ________(encourage) now.
②Last night the shopkeeper caught a child ________(steal) some food in the shop.
③She tried to concentrate, but found her mind ________(drift) back to Alex.
答案：①encouraging②stealing③drifting
(2)单句改错
①Sorry to keep you wait—I got stuck in a meeting.
_____________________________________________________
②I want to tell you that what I am about to say will be confused.
_____________________________________________________
答案：①wait→waiting②confused→confusing
Charlie Chaplin was a __1__(humour) actor. He entertained us with nonverbal humour. Born in poverty, he became famous __2__using a particular form of acting in entertaining silent movies. He was __3__charming character, well­known throughout the world. He played a poor and homeless person, __4__(wear) large trousers, worn­out shoes and a small round black hat and carrying a walking stick. The character was a social __5__(fail) in the movies, but he __6__(love) by all the people. By overcoming __7__(difficult), being kind to people who were unkind to him, making a sad situation entertaining and eating a __8__(boil) shoe, Charlie Chaplin made us happy and excited. Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced movies in __9__he starred. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work of bringing humour to __10__(we) all through films.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.humorous 2.for 3.a 4.wearing 5.failure
6．was loved 7.difficulties 8.boiled 9.which
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife，________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
答案：ranging a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用动
词­ing形式作后置定语。

2．Shopping is no longer just a necessity; it has become a form of ________(entertain)．
答案：entertainment 介词of后接名词，故填entertainment “娱乐；娱乐活动”。

3．The news said that the schools in that southwestern area are ________(bad) off for teaching equipment, and even teachers.
答案：badly be badly off for sth.“缺乏某物”。

4．To everyone's ________(astonish), he has won the game.
答案：astonishment to one's astonishment “使某人吃惊的是”。

5．The villager doesn't want more money—he is content ________what he has.
答案：with be content with ...“对……感到满足”。

6．Sam ________(convince) that his girlfriend loves him.
答案：is convinced be convinced that ... “确信；相信”。

7．They were ________(wear) out after working in the fields the whole day long.
答案：worn be worn out “力倦神疲的”。

8．Up to now, I ________(read) as far as the fifth chapter, the second volume of The War and Peace.
答案：have read up to now “直到现在”，常与现在完成时连用。

9．The number of senior high school students is increasing, ________is mentioned above.
答案：as 本句中，as引导非限制性定语从句。

as is mentioned above “正如上边所提到的”。

10．The season runs June through August, with additional ________(perform) in March and September.
答案：performances 形容词additional后应接名词，performance在本句中意为“表演”，是可数名词，由空后的介词短语可知表示多场表演，故填performances。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Perhaps you can help me pick up a pair of jeans now, since you are an expert.
_____________________________________________________
答案：up→out pick out “选择”。

2．She stood outside the station, looking at all directions, but apparently no one had come to meet her.
_____________________________________________________
答案：at→in in all directions “朝/向四面八方”。

3．With the electricity being cut off, all the machines had to stop working.
_____________________________________________________
答案：去掉being cut off与electricity存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表示动作已完成。

4．Occasions are quite rare that I have time to spend a day with my kids.
_____________________________________________________
答案：that→when此处occasions意为“时机；时候”，在本句中为先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语，表时刻。

故用when引导该定语从句。

5．Being too particular with what you wear is not a good habit.
_____________________________________________________
答案：w ith→about/over be particular about/over “对……挑剔/讲究”。

Ⅲ.语法填空
Tyler Thompson is __1__ unlikely star in the world of Peking opera. The 15­year­old from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the US and China with his ability __2__ (sing) pitch­perfect Mandarin (一般话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form. The teen,__3__ is black and only speaks some basic Chinese, has been praised by teachers since he __4__ (pick) up the music as a kindergartener. “As soon as he opens __5__ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel very proud of him，” said his music teacher. “When he puts on the costume and all the acting, you can see that he is pretty good.”
Tyler has learned to sing several well­known pieces of Peking opera, a centuries­old form of musical theater __6__ (know) for its highly structured costumes, changing gongs (锣) and cymbals (钹), wide­ranging voices and highly stylized __7__ (move). Tyler got __8__ (stand) cheers when he performed __9__ Justice Bao, a famous Song Dynasty judge who fought corruption, from the Chinese classic BaoQing Tian. “The music is very beautiful, and it's very passionate，” said Tyler. “It's made me __10__ (want) to know more about the world outside of America or California or Oakland.”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章要紧介绍了一个擅长表演京剧的外国青青年的故事。

1．an 考查冠词。

star是可数名词，且第一次在文章中显现，故用不定冠词修饰，表泛指；形容词unlikely的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。

2．to sing 考查非谓语动词。

ability to do sth. “做某事的能力”，为固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。

3．who 考查定语从句的引导词。

所填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The teen，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。

4．picked 考查动词的时态。

since意为“自从”，引导状语从句，从句常用一样过去时，主句用现在完成时。

5．his 考查代词。

依照语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his 修饰名词mouth，在句子中作定语。

6．known 考查非谓语动词。

know和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且know 和其逻辑主语Peking opera是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

7．movements 考查词性转换。

依照and可知，此处与名词voices呼应，应用所给词
的名词的复数形式，即movements 。

8．standing 考查形容词。

由空后的名词cheers 可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，standing 意为“站着进行的”，表示Tyler 得到了(观众的)起立欢呼。

9．as 考查介词。

此处as 意为“作为”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，与performed 呼应，表示扮演的角色，符合语境。

10．want 考查非谓语动词。

make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”，应用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语，故填want 。

Ⅳ.短文改错
As the saying goes, chance favored the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my experience.
I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up play volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me but pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball on every day. When another chance of trying out arrived, I was full prepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player on our school team.
From this, I am firmly convincing that we are able to seize a chance as long as I get well prepared.
答案：
As the saying goes, chance favored ①favors
the prepared mind. I learned this from one
of my experience ②experiences
.
I was not chosen as ∧③a
member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of
this, I decided to give up play ④playing
volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me
but ⑤and pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which ⑥that
led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball on ＼⑦
every day. When another chance of
trying out arrived, I was full ⑧fully
prepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected
and became an important player on our school team.
From this, I am firmly convincing ⑨convinced
that we are able to seize a chance as long
as I ⑩we
get well prepared.
难项分析：
第五处：but→and 考查连词。

本句中，“stopped”和“pointed out”共同作句子的谓语，为并列关系，故改but 为and 。

第六处：which→that考查强调句型。

本句中宾语从句为强调句，被强调的部分是my laziness and poor preparation；强调句型的结构为It is/was ... that/who ...，故改which为that。

第九处：convincing→convinced考查形容词。

convinced表示人“信服的”；convincing表示事物“令人信服的”。

此处构成“Sb. be firmly convinced that从句”句型，意为“某人坚信……”，故改convincing为convinced。

单元加餐练
Ⅰ.阅读明白得
A
A culture's values can be mirrored by its humor. Humor has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes, who disliked humor, “Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from some sudden thought of feeling far better than others.” He thought humor to be a negative quali ty of human narrowmindedness.
However, Mordechai Gordon, PhD of Education, insists, “Humor allows us to view the world from an angle that is amusing rather than serious.” I agree with Gordon. Learning to look at the world through humor is important.
In the United States, every four years an election occurs. Without humor as a way to express their feelings, how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming? Television shows like “The Daily Show” have become important parts of American culture. They are mothering the masses by metaphorically (隐喻地) airplane­ing politics into our mouths. They make politics fun.
Of course, politics is only one type of humor. Social humor helps people through the twists and turns of the human condition. American pop culture promotes an unhealthy self­image. On the topic of self­image, Hari Kondabolu stands out. He has a joke about the popular musical group “The Pussycat Dolls”， describing their hit song “Don't Cha” as a negative representation of women. He points out an obvious offence in American culture.
A study from Loyola University of Maryland has shown that humor is one determining factor for selecting a mating partner. Amongst other things, mates look for an outstanding funny bone in a potential partner.
Of course, humor is not always used for good purposes. Humor can be linked to vulgarity (庸俗) and racism, but, like everything else, it has potential to unite human beings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves, our failures and our connection with one another.
Though life may seem tough and depressing at times, all I have to do is look in the mirror at my increased wrinkles (皱纹) to know that there is a comedy out there that even Chaplin wasn't aware of.
With that in mind, remember to laugh with humanity and sometimes at humanity.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。

本文作者通过论证认为，一种文化的价值观能够通过其幽默反映出来，并决定用幽默的态度来面对生活。

1．Hobbes believed that humor ________ .
A．was only a way to laugh at others to make oneself feel better
B．resulted in narrow­mindedness of human beings
C．had the power to mirror personal glory and national values
D．was for people to view the world from another angle
答案：A 细节明白得题。

依照文章第一段可知，Thomas Hobbes不喜爱幽默，并从他的话“Laughter is nothing else but ... thought of feeling far better than others.”可知，他认为幽默仅仅是嘲笑别人并让自己感受更好的一种方法而已。

应选A。

2．What is the author's attitude towards political humor?
A．Worried. B．Disappointed.
C．Curious. D．Appreciative.
答案：D 观点态度题。

依照文章第三段中的“Without humor as a way to express their feelings, how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming？”及“They make politics fun.”可知，作者关于政治幽默持赞扬的态度。

appreciative “观赏的，赏识的”。

3．The fourth paragraph is developed mainly ________ .
A．by example B．by process
C．by comparison D．by classification
答案：A 细节明白得题。

依照第四段中的第四句及下文中的说明可知，作者是通过举例子来支撑自己的观点的。

故选A。

4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．Chaplin wasn't aware of being laughed at.
B．The author feels helpless and sad about getting older.
C．Never be the one who laughs at other people.
D．The author is determined to face life with a sense of humor.
答案：D 推理判定题。

依照倒数第二段中的“to know that there is a comedy out there”和最后一段中的“remember to laugh with humanity”可知，作者积极确信幽默的价值，决定以幽默的态度来面对生活。

故选D。

B
Whether you're eating at a fancy restaurant or dining in someone's home, proper table manners are likely to help you make a good impression. According to a US expert, Emily Post, “All rules of table manners are made to avoid ugliness.”
While Henry Hitchings of the Los Angeles Times admits that good manners can reduce social conflicts, he points out that mostly their purpose is protective—they turn our natural warrior­like selves into more elegant ones.
So where did table manners come from?
In medieval England, a writer named Petrus Alfonsi took the lead to urge people
not to speak with their mouths f ull. And King David Ⅰ of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (扣除)．
Disappointingly, that idea never caught_on. It was during the Renaissance, when there were real technical developments, that opinions of correct behavior changed for good. “None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork，” wrote Hitchings. “Gradually, as forks became popular, they brought the new way of eating, making it possible, for instance, to consume berries without making one's fingers dirty.”
Forks were introduced to Britain in 1608 and 25 years later, the first table fork reached America. Yet while most of the essentials are the same on both sides of the Atlantic, there are a few clear differences between what's normal in the US and what holds true in the UK. For example, in the US, when food needs cutting with a knife, people generally cut a bite, then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand. Then they pick up one bite at a time. By contrast, Britons keep the fork in the left hand and don't lay the knife down.
Though globalization has developed a new and simple international standard of table manners, some people still stick with the American cut­and­switch method. The Los Angeles Times noted, “They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

全文介绍了餐桌礼仪在西方国家的进展与形成过程。

5．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The importance of proper table manners.
B．The development of table manners in Western countries.
C．Some unwritten rules of table manners in the US and UK.
D．Differences between American and British table manners.
答案：B 主旨大意题。

从中世纪英国(In medieval England)谈到文艺复兴时期(during the Renaissance)，再到1608年以及25年后(in 1608 and 25 years later)，作者讲述了餐桌礼仪在西方国家的进展与形成过程。

故选B。

6．The underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means “________ ”．
A．worked in practice B．became popular
C．drew attention D．had a positive effect
答案：B 词义推测题。

上一段最后一句谈到了利用减税的政策来鼓舞人们注意餐桌礼仪，再结合画线词所在句子中的“Disappointingly”一词可知，这一政策并没有产生理想的成效，也确实是说这一政策并没有流行起来。

故选B。

7．Which of the following events influenced people's table manners most according to the passage?
A．The introduction of the table fork.。