Crowd Simulation人群仿真.ppt
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minimization, and adopt a continuum perspective on the system. • This formulation yields a set of dynamic potential and velocity fields over the domain that guide all individual motion simultaneously.
• This system is much more realistic than particle motion, but is very expensive to program and implement.
Continuum Methods
• Simulate a large amount of crowd. • Treat motion as a per particle energy
Paper Reading
• Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics, 1998, [Dirk Helbing and P´eter Moln´ar]
• Real-time Navigation of Independent Agents Using Adaptive Roadmaps, VRST, 2007 [Avneesh Sud et al.]
Continuum Methods
Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien ods
Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien Treuille et al.]
• Crowd behavior can be observed during panic and non-panic conditions.
• Cost effective technology as well as how effective the learning can be transferred to the real world.
• In this case, the focus is just the behavior of the crowd, and not the visual realism of the simulation. Crowds have been studied as a scientific interest since the end of the 19th Century.
/wiki/Crowd_simulation
Sociology
• Crowd simulation can also refer to simulations based on group dynamics and crowd psychology, often in public safety planning.
• Motion is computed separately for each individual member.
• Examples:
– Particle motion – Social force model – Crowd AI
Agent-Based Methods: Advantages
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
Crowd Simulation
Sai-Keung Wong
Crowd Simulation
• A process of simulating the movement of a large number of entities or characters.
• Agent-based methods • Continuum methods
Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien Treuille et al.]
Agent-Based Methods
• Each individual character makes independent decisions.
• Capture each character’s unique situation: visibility, proximity of other pedestrians, and local factors.
Crowd AI
• The entities - also called agents - are given artificial intelligence, which guides the entities based on one or more functions, such as sight, hearing, basic emotion, energy level, aggressiveness level, etc.
• Simulation parameters may be defined for each character -> yield complex heterogeneous motion.
Agent-Based Methods: Drawbacks
• Not easy to develop behavioral rules that consistently produce realistic motion.
• Real-Time Multi-Agent Path Planning on Arbitrary Surfaces, Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 2010 [Rafael P. Torchelsen et al.]
Modeling Techniques
• Modeling techniques of crowds vary from holistic or network approaches to understanding individualistic or behavioral aspects of each agent.
• While simulating these crowds, observed human behavior interaction is taken into account, to replicate the collective behavior.
• Modeling of multiple agents and swarm-like behaviors.
• Using researched principles of human behavior in crowds can give disaster training designers more elements to incorporate to create realistic simulated disasters.
• A lot of research has focused on the collective social behavior of people at social gatherings, assemblies, protests, rebellions, concerts, sporting events and religious ceremonies.
Particle Methods
• The characters are attached to point particles, which are then animated by simulating wind, gravity, attractions, and collisions.
• The particle method is usually inexpensive to implement, and can be done in most 3D software packages.
• The method is not very realistic because it is difficult to direct individual entities when necessary, and because motion is generally limited to a flat surface.
• A social force model is a microscopic, continuous time,continuous space, phenomenological computer simulation model of the movement of pedestrians.
Methods
• Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien Treuille et al.]
• Space-time Group Motion Planning, Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics Volume 86, 2013, [Ioannis Karamouzas et al.]
• For example the Social Force Model describes a need for individuals to find a balance between social interaction and physical interaction.
Social Force Model
• Local path planning often results in myopic, less realistic crowd behavior.
• The problems tend to be exacerbated in areas of high congestion or rapidly changing environments.
• The entities are given goals and then interact with each other as members of a real crowd would.
• They are often programmed to respond to changes in environment, enabling them to climb hills, jump over holes, scale ladders, etc.
• Global path planning for each agent is computationally expensive, particularly in simulating a large amount of agents.
• Most agent models separate local collision avoidance from global path planning, and conflicts inevitably arise between these two competing goals.
Emergency response teams
• For examples, policemen, the National Guard, military and even volunteers must undergo some type of crowd control training.
• This system is much more realistic than particle motion, but is very expensive to program and implement.
Continuum Methods
• Simulate a large amount of crowd. • Treat motion as a per particle energy
Paper Reading
• Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics, 1998, [Dirk Helbing and P´eter Moln´ar]
• Real-time Navigation of Independent Agents Using Adaptive Roadmaps, VRST, 2007 [Avneesh Sud et al.]
Continuum Methods
Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien ods
Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien Treuille et al.]
• Crowd behavior can be observed during panic and non-panic conditions.
• Cost effective technology as well as how effective the learning can be transferred to the real world.
• In this case, the focus is just the behavior of the crowd, and not the visual realism of the simulation. Crowds have been studied as a scientific interest since the end of the 19th Century.
/wiki/Crowd_simulation
Sociology
• Crowd simulation can also refer to simulations based on group dynamics and crowd psychology, often in public safety planning.
• Motion is computed separately for each individual member.
• Examples:
– Particle motion – Social force model – Crowd AI
Agent-Based Methods: Advantages
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
Crowd Simulation
Sai-Keung Wong
Crowd Simulation
• A process of simulating the movement of a large number of entities or characters.
• Agent-based methods • Continuum methods
Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien Treuille et al.]
Agent-Based Methods
• Each individual character makes independent decisions.
• Capture each character’s unique situation: visibility, proximity of other pedestrians, and local factors.
Crowd AI
• The entities - also called agents - are given artificial intelligence, which guides the entities based on one or more functions, such as sight, hearing, basic emotion, energy level, aggressiveness level, etc.
• Simulation parameters may be defined for each character -> yield complex heterogeneous motion.
Agent-Based Methods: Drawbacks
• Not easy to develop behavioral rules that consistently produce realistic motion.
• Real-Time Multi-Agent Path Planning on Arbitrary Surfaces, Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 2010 [Rafael P. Torchelsen et al.]
Modeling Techniques
• Modeling techniques of crowds vary from holistic or network approaches to understanding individualistic or behavioral aspects of each agent.
• While simulating these crowds, observed human behavior interaction is taken into account, to replicate the collective behavior.
• Modeling of multiple agents and swarm-like behaviors.
• Using researched principles of human behavior in crowds can give disaster training designers more elements to incorporate to create realistic simulated disasters.
• A lot of research has focused on the collective social behavior of people at social gatherings, assemblies, protests, rebellions, concerts, sporting events and religious ceremonies.
Particle Methods
• The characters are attached to point particles, which are then animated by simulating wind, gravity, attractions, and collisions.
• The particle method is usually inexpensive to implement, and can be done in most 3D software packages.
• The method is not very realistic because it is difficult to direct individual entities when necessary, and because motion is generally limited to a flat surface.
• A social force model is a microscopic, continuous time,continuous space, phenomenological computer simulation model of the movement of pedestrians.
Methods
• Continuum Crowds, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 25 Issue 3, July 2006, [Adrien Treuille et al.]
• Space-time Group Motion Planning, Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics Volume 86, 2013, [Ioannis Karamouzas et al.]
• For example the Social Force Model describes a need for individuals to find a balance between social interaction and physical interaction.
Social Force Model
• Local path planning often results in myopic, less realistic crowd behavior.
• The problems tend to be exacerbated in areas of high congestion or rapidly changing environments.
• The entities are given goals and then interact with each other as members of a real crowd would.
• They are often programmed to respond to changes in environment, enabling them to climb hills, jump over holes, scale ladders, etc.
• Global path planning for each agent is computationally expensive, particularly in simulating a large amount of agents.
• Most agent models separate local collision avoidance from global path planning, and conflicts inevitably arise between these two competing goals.
Emergency response teams
• For examples, policemen, the National Guard, military and even volunteers must undergo some type of crowd control training.