高中英语定语从句讲义-高三英语二轮复习

定语从句
定语从句：修饰限定名词、代词或整个句子的从句。

（包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类）
先行词：被定语从句限定修饰的名词、代词或句子。

关系词：引导定语从句，衔接主从句起连接作用，同时代替先行词，且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

包括关系代词和关系副词两类。

Eg：He is a good student.
He is good at math.
He is a good student定语从句
先行词
1、定语从句的先行词
➢定语从句的先行词可以指人、物、时间、地点、原因等的名词或代词，也可以是整
个主句。

1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
正在踢足球的那些男孩是一班的。

（指人）
2)I still remember the day when (on which)I first came to this school.
我还记得第一次来这所学校的那一天。

（指时间）
3)Tom was late for work again this morning，which made his boss very
angry.
汤姆今天早晨上班再次迟到了，这让他的老板很生气。

（指整个句子）
练习：用横线圈出先行词。

1. All the books that you offered have been given out.
2. The boy whom we just saw in the library is the monitor of Class Seven.
3. Tom and his father are wearing sunglasses whose color is black.
4. People will never forget the war which/that made the children orphans(孤儿).
5. The man that loves me is not the one who I love.
6. The film they are talking about is very interesting.
2、定语从句的关系词
关系词包括关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as）和关系副词(when, where, why),是衔接定语从句和主句之间的连词。

◆关系代词
in is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是一座具有2000年历史的城市。

2.Mrs. Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
昨天你碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。

3.There are some films that I’d like to see.
◆关系副词
1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

2、Is this the room where we were living last winter?
这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间。

3、The reason why he said that is quite clear.
这是我们上个月买的房子。

（限制性定语从句）2)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
关系代词that与which的用法区别
1. 只用that的情况
(1) 当先行词既有人也有物时。

I can still remember the teacher and his lessons that give me a most
lasting impression.
(2) 当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。

Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
(3) 先行词的前面有序数词，the only，the last，the very (恰恰，正好)，any，
few，little，no，all或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the most interesting film that I have seen.
(4) 当主句是以which、who、what开头的疑问句，或有一个定语从句已经
由which引导时。

Which is the Tshirt that fits me most?
Who is the man that is standing there?
They secretly built a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.
2. 只用which的情况
(1) 当先行词本身就是that时。

What's that which flashed in the sky just now?
(2) 先行词有插入语时。

Here is the grammar book, as I’ve told you,which will help improve
your English.
(3) 引导非限定性定语从句时
The meeting was put off，which was actually what we wanted.
(4) 关系代词前有介词时
Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.
which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as。

由as和which 引导的非限制性定语从句，可代表整个主句，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。

1)which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主
句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。

例1：By serving others，a person focus on someone other than himself or herself，_____ can be very eyeopening and rewording.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
例2：Many animals sleep a lot when young，but sleep much less when they get older，just_____ is the case with human being.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. it
2)as引导的非限制性定语从句的内容与主句往往是相符的，一致的，常常是肯
定的，所以as常与以下关系词连用：as is often the case，as is said，as is reported，as is mentioned above，as is known等，而which引导的非限制性定语从句与主句内容常常是不相符的，不一致的，否定的。

例1：_____ is often the case，Tom didn’t do his homework in time again.（2020年江西九校联盟考）
例2：He came late，_____is unexpected.
3)which引导的此类定语从句，与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，
主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。

例1：Jim is addicted to puter games，_____ upsets his parents very much.
4)当非限制性定语从句句型为宾语补足语结构时，常常用which引导。

例1：He was late，_____ made his teacher surprised.
5)有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前面一般要有such，the
same，as，so等词修饰。

①They have found such materials as are used in their workshop.
②This isn’t the same novel as I want to remend to you.
③She is as brave a lady as I have ever seen.
④Susan is so easygoing a girl as I like chatting with.
⏹比较下面的一组句子：
The teacher gave us such a difficult problem as no one can solve.
The teacher gave us such a difficult problem that no one can solve it.
★the same as 与the same that 含义不同
This is the same magazine as I bought yesterday.
This is the same magazine that I bought yesterday.
定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。

使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：
1)介词的选择可依据以下原则：
①根据定语从句中的动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。

②根据介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。

③根据定语从句的句子意思来确定。

④表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。

有时会在of 前加上名
词、代词、数词，构成“名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词（which/whom）”結构。

例1：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？
(根据shake hands with...确定)
例2：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
(根据先行词的需要确定，即through the telescope)
2)关系代词的使用
介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词指人时只用whom，不能用who/that;指物
时用which，不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The factory in which he once worked is torn down.
The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher.
Last month，part of the province was struck by floods，from whose effects
the people are still suffering.
3)在非限制性定语从句中，当表示先行词的一部分时，也可用“名词/代词
/数词+ of + which （whom）”来表示。

China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.
There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.
★“名词＋of which”结构常代替“whose＋名词”在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

I saw some trees，the leaves of which (＝_____ ______ ) were black with disease.
He mentioned a book，the title of which (＝_____ ______) I've forgotten.
4)介词+ which /whom +不定式结构
The wealthy man has a large house in which to live.
●定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别
引导定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时that可省略，指物时大多可与which互换；引导同位语从句的that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导作用，且that不可省略。

The news (that) they told me made me excited. (定语从句)
The news that our team won made me excited. (同位语从句)
2)when，where，why引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别
when，where，why引导定语从句时，引导词在从句中充当状语，被修饰词必须是指时间、地点、原因的名词；而引导同位语从句时，引导词虽然也在从句中作状语，但是被修饰词通常是表示抽象意义的名词，如idea，question，problem等。

对比：I have no idea where his birthday party will be held. (同位语从句)
He showed me the place where his birthday party will be held. (定语从句) ●定语从句与强调句型的区别
强调句型It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who…可用来强调主语、宾语、状语等，被强调部分如果是人用that/who，如果是物要用that。

强调句型最大的特点就是当把其结构it is/was…that/who去掉之后，剩余部分仍旧结构完整、意义完整。

一般疑问句：Is／Was it+被强调成分+that/who…？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is／was it that/who…？
对比：1）It was this March that I first met him. (强调句)
It was March when /(in which) I first met him. (定语从句)
2）It was in the place that I was born. (强调句)
It was the place where/(in which) I was born. (定语从句)
3）It was for the reason that I left there half an hour earlier. (强调句)
It was the reason why/(for which) I left there half an hour earlier. (定语从句)
◆解题技巧总结
✓语法填空
解答定语从句类问题，关键是找准先行词，分析句子结构确定从句所缺的成分。

①如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，引导词需要用关系代词；如果缺少状语，引导词则用关系副词。

②确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词等，从而最后确定答案。

✩练习：
1.He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ________ were published in the
1990s.
2.Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is
fog.
3.The next day，my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people
play volleyball.
◆习题练习
一、选择填空
1. I’ll give you my friend’s home address，I can be reached most evenings
A. which
B. when
C. whom
D. where
2. All the neighbors admire this family，the parents are treating their child like
a friend.
A. why
B. where
C. which
D. that
3. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer plaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where
B. when
C. who
D. which
4. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，are beyond our control.
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that
5. The man pulled out a gold watch，were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
6. For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further， New York is an example.
A. for which
B.in which
C. of which
D. from which
7. They will fly to Washington，they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. when
8. Yesterday she sold her car，______ she bought a month ago.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
9. By nine o’clock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which
B. on which
C. from which
D. above which
10. The Science Museum，we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
11. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who
B. which
C. why
D. when
12. Whenever I met her, _______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. that
13. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
A. them
B. who
C. whom
D. these
14. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if
B. when
C. which
D. since
15. A person ______ email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. whoever
16. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
17. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he posed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.
A. where
B. when
C. there
D. which
18. The house I grew up ___ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it
B. in
C. in that
D. in which
19. She’ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
20. They’ve won their last three matches. ________I find a bit surprising.
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. which
21. I t’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
22. I have reached a point in my life ___ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why
23. Life is like a long race _____we pete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why
B. what
C. that
D. where
24. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which
B. of which
C. that
D. whose
25. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
26.—What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
二、语法填空：
1. Nearly 800 new pupils of that school are reported to have received a unique gift: an admission letter their names are written by teachers using Chinese writing brush.
2. Fortunately, this doesn’t change the fact that bicycle riding is a fun, healthy, and outdoor activity can be enjoyed within the whole family.
3. An expert in Chinese character culture has been invited to the campus, major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology.
4. The main source of energy in most energy products is caffeine, increases urine(尿) production.
5. In 1887, Pemberton sold part of the stock of his pany to Asa Candler, later created the CocaCola pany.
三、单句改错
1. Then we walked to the square, when we were divided into several groups.
2. Encouraged and moved by his kindness, I shared my trouble with him, that relieved me soon.
3. Works by many nationwide famous painters will be included, among who Qi Baishi is the most famous in China.
4. I took a trip there on my own, what got me thinking about the advantages of travelling alone.
5. Suddenly there appeared a field that small wild flowers grew up through the snow.
6. In order to develop our interest in English, our school has set up several English clubs, among that the Radio Club is the most popular one.
7. When he returned to England, he gave a performance, for what he won much admiration from his classmates.
8. I used to delay things until deadlines, that caused me much trouble.
9. She thanked me several times sincerely, that made me feel extremely proud.
10. My parents took me to see our doctor, that told me it was not a good idea to eat only a little.。