2022届高考英语一轮总复习专题二代词学案含解析新人教版

专题二代词
考点精讲
考点一人称代词
主格I you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them
汤姆是一名学生。

他学习非常努力。

Please send her the parcel．
请把包裹寄给她。

He has a dog to keep him pany．
他有一条狗陪伴他。

特别提示：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。

—Tom，go and clean the yard．
——汤姆，去打扫院子。

—Why me?
——为什么是我？
②在比较状语从句中，than，as后用主格或宾格都可以。

He is taller than I/me．
他比我高。

考点二物主代词
物主代词是一种表示所有关系的代词。

物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征，在句中作定语，后面接名词。

名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加名词，在句中起名词的功能。

学生们正在做作业。

Your room is big while mine is small．
你的房间大，而我的房间小。

特别提示：物主代词的使用一定要与它所修饰的名词在人称、数和性等方面一致。

当需要泛指或不清楚性别时，可用his或their来表示。

Everyone here has his own work to do．
这里的每个人都有自己的工作可做。

They tried their best to protect the environment around the town．
他们尽最大努力保护小镇周围的环境。

反身代词包括yourself，yourselves，myself，ourselves，可以在句中作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。

1．与动词构成词组：be oneself 处于正常状态，显得自然；enjoy oneself 玩得开心；
e to onesel
f 恢复知觉，苏醒过来；help oneself to sth．随便用某物；devote oneself to sth．致力于某事
2．与介词构成词组：by oneself 独自地；for oneself 亲自；by itself 自动地；to oneself 独占，独用
相互代词包括
宾语。

所有格是在其后加's，在句中作定语。

We have to help one another．
我们得互相帮助。

They looked into each other's eyes for a silent moment．
他们默默地对视了一会儿。

schools．
这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。

Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed．我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。

1．both，all，
我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。

—Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?
——星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？
—I'm sorry．Neither will suit me．I'll be away on business during that period．——对不起。

那两天都不行。

我那段时间将正在出差。

I don't like any of the flowers．
这些花我都不喜欢。

My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop．
我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。

—How many of you have been to the Great Wall?
——你们当中有多少人到过长城？
—None．
——没有一个。

2．another，the other，other，others，the others
他父母都在一家医院工作。

一个是医生，一个是护士。

When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them．
当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。

You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea．
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。

I have three daughters．One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker．
我有三个女儿。

一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。

We need another few chairs．
我们还需要几把椅子。

3．it，that，one，those
——你搞到票了吗？
—Yes，I managed to get one．
——是的，我设法搞到了一X。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou．
的天气比某某的冷。

Studying Wendy's menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's．
研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。

1．it
It's 112 miles from London to Birmingham．
从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。

2．指代前面提到过的同一事物
Your story is interesting，but I don't like it．
你的故事很有趣，但是我不喜欢。

—Have you found your pen?
——你找到你的钢笔了吗？
—No，I haven't found it．
——还没有。

3．it作形式主语的句型
(1)It＋be＋adj．＋(for sb．) to do sth．常用于此句型的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible等。

It is necessary for you to change your job．
你换一下工作是有必要的。

(2)It＋be＋adj．＋of sb．to do sth．此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。

能用于该句型的形容词有：kind，nice，wise，silly，polite，impolite，friendly，foolish，clever等。

How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!
你放弃这样一个好机会是多么傻啊！
(3)It＋be＋n．(＋for sb．/sth．)＋to do sth．用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity，shame，pleasure，fun，joy，good manners，bad manners等。

It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old．
年轻人占据老人的座位是不礼貌的。

(4)It＋be＋adj．/n．＋doing sth．用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use，no/much good，useless，no fun等。

It's no use crying over spilt milk．
覆水难收。

(5)It＋be＋adj．＋主语从句。

在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that 从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。

It's necessary and important that one (should) master the skills of operating puters．
掌握电脑操作技术是有必要的也是很重要的。

4．it作形式宾语的情况
(1)主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj．＋不定式/动词-ing形式/从句。

I feel it hard to climb the hill．
我感觉爬山很困难。

(2)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟宾语从句。

此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后接宾语
从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on，rely on，count on等。

I hate it when people talk with their mouths full．
我讨厌人说话时嘴里含着食物。

难点释疑
难点一it构成的几个易混淆的句型
1．It＋be＋时间段＋since引导的状语从句
这个句型表示“自……以来已多久了”。

表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。

It is three years since his father passed away．
自他父亲去世以来已经三年了。

It was 10 years since they had married．
自他们结婚以来已经十年了。

2．It＋be＋时间段＋before引导的状语从句
这个句型中的“时间段”一般为some time，long, ．．．years，．．．months，．．．weeks，．．．days，．．．hours，．．．minutes等。

主句可用一般过去时或一般将来时(will be)；若主句用一般过去时，before从句用一般过去时；若主句用一般将来时，before从句常用一般现在时。

It was some time before I knew the truth．
过了一段时间我才了解到真相。

It will be many years before the situation improves．
这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。

3．It＋be＋时间点＋when引导的状语从句
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间点的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。

主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但若主句用将来时，从句常用一般现
在时代替将来时。

It was already 8 o'clock when we got home．
我们到家时已经8点了。

It will be next morning when we finish our work．
我们完成工作时将是第二天早晨。

难点二部分否定与全部否定
1．no one，none，nobody，nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。

None of us was going to the party．
我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。

2．当not与不定代词all，both，everyone, everybody，everything等或“every ＋名词”连用时，不管not在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。

此外，not与总括性副词如everywhere，always，wholly，altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。

Not all of them smoke．＝All of them don't smoke．
他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。

Such a thing can't be found everywhere．
这种事并非随处可见。

解题策略
策略一明确指代
在解答代词类题目时，应首先分析题干，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。

具体来说应从以下几方面考虑：
1．代词所指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类，还要注意代词的人称和性别之分。

2．代词所指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果是可数名词，是单数还是复数。

3．代词所指代的对象表示特指意义还是泛指意义。

【典例】However，quite a few others，especially __those__in the countryside，
would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．解析：分析句子结构可知，本空应填代词作a few others的同位语，指代前文表示复数概念的a few others，空后的介词短语作后置定语对其进行修饰，故应填指示代词those。

策略二理清逻辑
要做出正确判断，还应分析句子之间的逻辑关系。

具体来说应从以下几方面考虑：
1．代词表示的是两者还是多于两者，即从代词表示的数量上入手。

2．代词表示的是肯定意义还是否定意义。

3．代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。

【典例】It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which __neither__of the parents spoke the language．
解析：由parents可知，空格处所填代词表示的是两者，又由语境可知空处表示否定含义，故用neither“两者都不”。

达标检测
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with puter simulations (模拟) and imagine __themselves__ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest．
解析：考查反身代词。

句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。

此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。

故填themselves。

2．(2020·新课标卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's position, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether __its__ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical．
解析：考查代词。

句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮
助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。

根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词it。

故填its。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __it/running__ a try．解析：考查代词或名词的用法。

句意：如果你时间不充裕，你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的好处，因此或许我们都应该试试跑步。

此处give it a try意为：试试。

此处it可以指running。

故填it或running。

4．(2018·某某卷)Many westerners who e to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __it__ can be to eat out．解析：考查it用法。

句子．．．how cheap．．．can be to eat out．是由感叹句转换的宾语从句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out．其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。

故填it。

5．(某某卷)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house．“She thought I had hurt __myself__(I)，”says Pahlsson．
解析：句意：她原本以为我伤到了自己。

根据句意可知用I的反身代词myself。

6．(全国Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by __its__(it) mother．
解析：根据空格后的名词及前面的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。

故填its。

7．(全国Ⅰ)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with __its__(it) choking smog．
解析：空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词its。

8．(某某)Now it occurred to __him__(he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck．
解析：It occurred to sb．that．．．“某人突然想到……”，固定句型，此句型中sb．为宾语，应用宾格形式。

故填him。

9．(新课标全国Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's __me/mine__(I)．”
解析：此题答案不唯一，要根据语境仔细揣摩。

此处的it如果指前面的suitcase的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine，表示“那个箱子是我的”；如果指前面的anyone 的话，那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。

故答案为me/mine。

10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __them__(they) alive．
解析：考查代词。

此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。

11．(全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using __it__ every day．解析：use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。

分析句意可知，此处用it 指代上文提到的the railway。

12．(某某)Keep holding your position for a while．It helps develop your strength and flexibility．Raise your leg and let __it__ stay in the air for seconds．解析：根据句意可知此处应填入指代leg的代词。

句意：抬起腿，让它(it)在空中停一会儿。

故填it。

13．(某某)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation．Some of my friends who had been there before said __it__ was a wonderful holiday destination．解析：从空后的a wonderful holiday destination可知，这个地方就是Miami，用it 指代前面提到的地点。

14．(某某)I sat next to the man and introduced myself．We had an amazing conversation．It made __both__ of us feel good．
解析：根据文意可知，空后的us指上文提到的“the man”和“I”，故此处指这使我们“两个人”都感到很好。

故填both。

15．(2019·卷)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to __myself__ (I)
the two simple words “Be yourself”．
解析：考查反身代词。

根据句意以及句子结构可知，空格处用反身代词作介词to的宾语。

短语whisper to myself表示“轻声告诉自己”。

故填myself。

Ⅱ．单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．(2020·新课标卷Ⅰ)“Not that way，”my mom tried to stop us but failed．She was right．It didn't turn out as I had wished．
__将us改为me__
解析：考查代词。

句意：“不是那样。

”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。

根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us 改为me。

2．(2020·新课标卷Ⅱ)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China．
__将yours改为your/you__
解析：考查代词。

句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。

句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。

故将yours改为your/you。

3．(2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things, we may bee ill．But he insists on us eating healthy food．
__he改成she__
解析：考查代词。

句意：我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。

但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。

文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。

4．(2019·全国高考Ⅰ卷)From then on, I started to play my football with classmates after school．
__去掉my__
解析：考查固定搭配。

“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。

故将my去掉。

5．(2019·全国高考Ⅲ卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical
environment what is created for them．
__what改为which/that__
解析：environment是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，用which或that。

6．(某某)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand．
__her→his__
解析：由前面的When he came back可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。

7．(全国Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment．If we fail to do so, we'll live to regret it．
__your→our/the__
解析：依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知，your与上下文相悖，结合句意应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。

8．(某某)As I told you last time, I made three new friends here．but I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship．What do you think I should do? If you were me, would you talk to him?
__him→them__
解析：根据上文可知，此处指作者交的三个新朋友，故用them。

句意：你会和他们谈吗？
9．(全国Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside the shop．Five minutes later, T ony saw parents．
__第二个saw后加his__
解析：根据句意及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语Tony相一致的形容词性物主代词his。

10．(新课标全国Ⅰ)He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful．
__himself→him__
解析：set的主语which指代a deep voice，而不是he，故应用宾格him。

11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework but I was shy．
__myself→my/the__
解析：考查代词错误。

句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。

表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。

12．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain．
__us→me__
解析：考查代词。

句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。

偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。

故把us改为me。

13．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals．
__another→other__
解析：考查形容词的用法。

句意：我第一次去那里时，他们住在一个小房子里，(院子里)有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。

another表示“总数为三个以上中任意的另一个”，other表示“别的”，“另外的”，只能与复数名词连用。

根据后面的animals可知，将another改成other。

14．(全国Ⅱ卷)Mr．and Mrs．Zhang all work in our school．
__all→both或去掉all__
解析：Mr．and Mrs．Zhang是两个人，故用both“两者都”。

因both在此作同位语，也可以去掉。

all指的是“三者或三者以上都”。

15．(某某卷)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them．
__them→it__
解析：由句意可知，此处代替前面的单数名词a beautiful park，故用it。

16．(某某)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party．
__anything→something__
解析：考查不定代词something一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”；anything一般用在疑问句和否定句中，表示“任何事”。

17．(某某)It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many．
__many→much__
解析：根据句意可知，此处指的是花费很多钱，代指不可数名词，故用much而非many。

18．(某某)Neither of the arrows hit the target．Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky—they were like rain!
__Neither→None__
解析：从后面的“they were like rain”可知，射出去的箭不止两支，因此应把Neither 改为None。

Ⅲ．语法填空
Getting your children to study can be a little like getting __1．them__ to eat their vegetables．
One of __2．the__ best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to．Make a study time and have __3．it__ at the same time every day．This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day．
Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half __4．an__ hour with a five-minute break in the middle．Hold them to the schedule they create for __5．themselves__．
Never allow your children __6．to study__ (study) in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity．Instead，use TV as a treat __7．or__ a reward when the homework is pleted．After you've set up a good study time for little __8．learners__ (learn), set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing．Pick a place where your children can study __9．properly__ (proper)．
Finally, spend time with your kids when they're studying．This includes __10．helping__ (help) them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions．
文章大意：本文介绍如何帮助孩子学习，包括学会制定学习的计划，控制好自己的学习
时间，养成良好的学习习惯，为孩子寻找一个良好的学习场所，在孩子学习的时候要多陪着孩子等。

解析：
1．getting的宾语指的是前面提到的children。

故本空填them。

2．表示形容词最高级前用定冠词。

故填the。

3．have的宾语指的是前面提到的study time。

故填it。

4．half an hour“半小时”，是固定短语。

故填an。

5．for oneself“为自己”是固定短语。

此处反身代词与they互指，填themselves。

6．allow sb．to do sth．“允许某人做某事”为固定结构。

故填to study。

7．a treat与a reward是供选择的奖励，所以二者之间用表示选择的连词or。

8．位于介词后用名词或动名词，此处指的是“学习的人”，而且是泛指意义。

故填learners。

9．修饰动词study，用副词形式。

故填properly。

10．helping作include的宾语，include后跟动名词作宾语。

故此空填helping。

Ⅳ．短文改错
Dear Mr Green，
I'm very exciting to learn that you will start a magazine together．That sounds great and I definitely agree with me on that．
Some of the columns that you mention in the letter are really my a cup of tea．“Cultural Express”give us a better understanding of the world．Since people from different parts of the world have different values，he is necessary to learn from each another．Apart that, “Blurt Out”is pretty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and improve oral English．“Entertainment”is also cool! The popular singers, actors and celebrities are so attractively that you absolutely can't miss this part．Teenagers are fond of popular things, too．
Well，I can't list more．You really can't wait to read this magazine．
Yours，
Li Ming
答案：
Dear Mr Green ，
I'm very exciting excited
to learn that you will start a magazine together ． That sounds great and I definitely agree with me you
on that ． Some of the columns that you mention mentioned
in the letter are really my a cup of tea ． “Cultural Express ”give gives
us a better understanding of the world ． Since people from different parts of the world have different values ，he it
is necessary to learn from each another other ． Apart ∧from
that, “Blurt Out ” is pretty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and improve oral English ． “Entertainment ” is also cool! The popular singers, actors and celebrities are so attractively attractive
that you absolutely can't miss this part ． Teenagers are fond of popular things, too ．
Well ，I can't list more ． You I
really can't wait to read this magazine ． Yours ，
Li Ming。