专题01 动词的时态和语态(解析版)
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高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略
专题01 动词的时态和语态
一.命题规律:
1. 谓语动词的时态和被动语态:结合语境重点考查了一般现在时(的被动语态)、一般过去时;
2.主谓全都:考查常见的主谓全都规章;
3. 对时态、被动语态和主谓全都的综合考查。
二.备考策略:
练习高考真题中关于谓语动词的题目,感悟高考命题规律和特点
1.谓语动词的时态:
1)重点把握一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时的基本用法;2)了解过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时的基本用法;
3)娴熟记忆上述各种时态常用的时间状语,不断提升力量
2.被动语态:
1)重点把握一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时的被动语态的用法;
2)了解现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和过去完成时的被动语态的基本形式;
3. 主谓全都:
娴熟把握语法全都、就近全都和意义全都的基本规章。
三.基本学问:
高中主要时态
一、重点时态梳理
1)一般现在时
构成:do/does
用法:1. 表示现在的状况、状态、客观事实或真理。
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作或状态,常与always , every day , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually,at …,in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,on Sunday(s), at seven 等连用。
3. 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
4. 表示按时间表、时刻表等将要发生的动作,常用动词为go, come, open, leave, arrive, begin, start, return, close,take off等。
I always drink coffee for breakfast.我总是喝咖啡当早餐。
The earth goes around the sun .地球围着太阳转。
Our flight leaves at 11:45.我们的飞机11点45分起飞
2)一般过去时
构成:did
用法:1. 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,常与in the past, the other day,...ago,just now,yesterday, last week, last year,in 2011等表示过去的时间状语连用。
2. 表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。
3. 表示过去时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
I went shopping yesterday. 昨天我去购物了。
I saw him in the street three days ago. 三天前我在街上见到他。
We had a good time last night. 昨晚我们玩得很快活。
3)现在完成时
构成:have/has +过去分词
用法:
2)1. 表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet (常位于否定句和疑问句句末),
already, before,ever(常用于疑问句), just, recently, lately, so far, up to now, in recent yeas, over the years, for+时间段
eg. ① We have known each other for twenty years.
① My father has lived here since 2000.
① I have been there for two days.
① We haven’t seen each other since he went abroad.
2. 表示一个从过去某个时间开头,连续到现在,并可能连续下去的动作。
3. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经受,经常带有twice, ever, never, before等状语。
4. 在“It/This is +the first/second/third/...time+that从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。
eg. ①This is the first (that) I have come here.
①This is the best tea (that)I have ever drunk
5. 在“It/This is +the +形容词最高级+名词+从句”句型中,从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。
6. 用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。
4)现在进行时
构成:am/is/are+现在分词
用法:1. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。
常与now, right now, at this moment等连用。
We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),始终在进行的活动。
说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。
3.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever,for over 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观颜色。
You are always changing your mind. 你老是转变办法。
4.在表示此时此刻的语境中,比如消灭了listen,look之类的词。
Look, the boy is taking a photo.
5.留意:表示按方案或支配要发生的动作。
表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, stay, start, land, meet, move, begin, return, stop, do等)用于
现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
5)一般将来时
before long 不久in the future 在将来in two weeks 在两周后the day after tomorrow 后天
next week / month / year /summer 下一周/月/ 年/夏天some day 将来的某一天
soon 很快this evening 今日晚上this afternoon 今日下午tomorrow 明天
She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。
The play is going to be produced next month。
这出戏下月开播。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
6)过去进行时
构成:was/were+现在分词
用法:
1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间状语连用。
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在整理东西去露营。
2、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光绚烂。
7)将来进行时
构成:will/shall+be doing
用法:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.
8)过去完成时
构成:had+过去分词
用法: 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past )”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
过去的过去过去现在
She had learned some English before she came to the institute.
2. 表示从过去某一时间开头,始终连续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语有:by/until/before/ by the end of +过去时间点(过去的某一时间), by + 过去时间点; by the time + 过去时间点; before + 过去时间点; by then
3.在宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。
常在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
4.intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, wish 等动词可以用过去完成时表示过去未能实现的方案、设想、意图或期望等.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
5.Hardly/ Scarcely/ Rarely/ Barely…when…; No sooner…than…句型位于句首时,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去式,且用倒装,译为:刚刚......就......; 一......就......
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
6. 用在“It was the+序数词或最高级+that+…”;
7.用在It was high time that... 从句用过去完成时
但It is high time that ....从句用一般过去时或(should)+动词原形
9)现在完成进行时
构成:have/has been doing
用法:现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开头,始终连续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
现在完成进行时可表示1.持续性 2.重复性 3.感情颜色
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:
all day / month this month / week / year these days
recently / lately in the past few +时间段since +时间点for +时间段...
现在完成进行时vs 现在完成时
He has cleaned the window.他把窗户擦洁净了。
(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window.他始终在擦窗户。
(动作不肯定完成)
He has met the girl in the library again.
He has been meeting a girl in the library lately.
1. 现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的连续和反复
Tom _______________ (ride) horses the whole morning. .has been riding
Tom ___________ (ride) horses three times this morning. .has ridden
2. 现在完成进行时表示反复的,连续的动作,不与表示次数、频度的词连用
Who has been eating my apples?Who has eaten my apples?
3.现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情颜色,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果。
He _______________ (paint) for decades amd he says he sees no possibility of quitting his job. .has been painting
4. 在表示动作的连续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但在明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。
10)过去将来时
1. lock, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行的动作时(且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。
)例如:
The poem translates well. 这首诗翻译得很好。
The cloth washes easily. 这种布料简洁洗涤。
Bikes of that kind hardly sell. 那种自行车很难卖出。
2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen表示“称重”、“测量”、“花费”、“持续”、“发生”等状态动词或不及物动词。
例如:
The meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两小时。
What happened to him last night? 昨晚他发生了什么事?
3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词。
例如:
The bamboo chair feels cool. 这竹椅摸起来很凉快。
His theory sounded reasonable. 他的理论听起来有些道理。
4. 表示“需要”的need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth(值得),后面跟动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。
例如:
The old house wants repairing (or: to be repaired). 那座旧房子需要修了。
This dictionary is well worth buying. 这本字典很值得买。
5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等用于说明主语性质特征的表语形容词后面,所跟的不定式用主动形式表达被动意义,该不定式与句子的主语须具备规律上的动宾关系。
例如:
The schoolbag seemed heavy to carry. 这个书包背起来好像很重。
The water in the river is unfit to drink. 这条河里的水不宜饮用。
6. 不定式作定语,其规律主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时。
例如:
She has an old grandfather to look after. 她有一位年迈的爷爷需要照看。
Please give the child a picture-book to read. 请给那孩子一本图画书看。
四.真题再练
1.(2023年全国①卷·65) As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【解析】句意: 作为一个小女孩,我期望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员。
依据前面的时间状语As a little girl 可知,期望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员是过去的动作,故填wished。
(时间状语、主谓全都)
2.(2023年全国乙卷·67) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】句意:在过去的十年里,我参观了几次,我对新旧共存和一个城市如何在不断进展的同时能够保留着这么丰富的遗产感到惊异。
.be amazed by----对-------感到惊异,故填was amazed。
(主谓全都)
3.(2023年全国乙卷·70) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____70_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【解析】分析句子成分可知,设空处为主句的谓语,主语为The remarkable development of this city,是第三人称单数,因此设空处应用一般现在时的单数形式,故填means 。
(主谓全都)
4.(2022年新高考①卷·58) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas.【解析】分析句子成分可知,设空处为定语从句的谓语,先行词为areas,再依据“previously (以前,从前)”可知,动作发生在过去,因此设空处应用一般过去时或现在完成时的复数形式,故填were或have been。
(时间状语、主谓全都)
5. (2022年新高考①卷·60) The GPNP ________________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity(原真) and integrity of natural ecosystems…” The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity…【解析】因主语The GPNP与动词design之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态,be designed to do sth也可看作固定搭配(目的是做某事;被设计用于做某事);此处陈述客观事实,且由下一句中的is也可得知用一般现在时,主语为单数,故填is designed。
(被动语态、时态前后全都、主谓全都)
6. (2022年新高考①卷·62) Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【解析】此处为be doing sth when sb did sth句型,意为“正在做某事,这时某人(突然)做某事”,此处描述过去的事情,故填was fixing。
(时态前后全都、主谓全都)
7. (2022年新高考①卷·63) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【解析】与空后的started构成并列关系,故应用一般过去时,故填threw。
(并列全都)
8.(2022年全国甲卷·67) In the last five years, Cao ____________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro.
【解析】由时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,故填has walked。
(时间状语、主谓全都)
9.(2021年新高考①卷·61) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【解析】由then可知,此处应用一般过去时,表示过去的人搬石头做台阶很困难, 故填was。
(时间状语、主谓全都)
10.(2021年新高考①卷·63) Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
【解析】由前文的heard及从句的谓语wrote可知,此处描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;又因在“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中,谓语动词用单数,故填was。
(时态前后全都、主谓全都)
11. (2021年全国甲卷·41) It (The Xi’an City Wall) __________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【解析】因主语it (The Xi’an City Wall)与build是被动关系,故用被动语态;又由后文的时间状语in the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,故填was built。
(被动语态、时间状语、主谓全都)
12. (2021年全国甲卷·46) We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
【解析】结合上下文的时态可知,此处用一般过去时,故填hired。
(时态前后全都)
13.(2021·浙江, 语篇填空)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _____________(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
【解析】依据后面的时间状语since it opened to the public可推断, 用现在完成时。
has proved/has proven 14.(2021·全国甲, 语篇填空)It _____________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
【解析】句意: 它最初是在唐代为爱护这座城市而建的, 现在已经完全修复。
依据in the Tang dynasty推断, 用一般过去时, 又因该处表示被动含义, 主语为it, 所以填was built。
15.(2021·天津3月, 单项填空)We _____________(do) quite enough work for the morning; now let’s take a break.
【解析】句意: 今日上午我们做的工作够多的了, 现在让我们休息一下吧。
依据后半句“now let’s take a break” 可知, 做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开头始终到现在, 应用现在完成时。
.have done
16.(2020·全国①, 语篇填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _____________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【解析】分析句子成分可知, 主语为The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe, 设空处为谓语动词, 依据空后的last week可知, 此处应用一般过去时,故填touched。
17. (2020年新高考①卷·38) In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home…The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum…
【解析】formed由时间状语In the 18th and 19th centuries可知,此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填formed。
(时间状语))
18. (2020年新高考①卷) The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often,
only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. 【解析】因主语The parts of a museum与call之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且此处陈述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填are called。
(被动语态、时态前后全都)因“a part of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后名词的数,依据collection为单数可知,谓语动词应用单数形式,本句陈述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填is。
(主谓全都、时态前后全都)
19. (2020年新高考①卷) Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers __________________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【解析】因“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,结合下文的focus和explain可知,本句应用一般现在时,故填is。
(主谓全都、时态前后全都)因readers与encourage之间是被动关系,且结合上文时态可知用一般现在时,主语readers为复数,故填are encouraged。
(被动语态、时态前后全都、主谓全都)
20. (2020年全国①卷·67&68) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________________ (construct).”
【解析】结合上文的excites及空后的have可知,此处表述的是客观状况,应用一般现在时,且主语it为第三人称单数,故填means(时态前后全都、主谓全都);从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系,且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,故用一般现在时的被动语态,the moon为单数概念,故填is constructed (被动语态、时态前后全都、主谓全都)。
21.(2020年全国①卷·62) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth…
【解析】分析句子成分可知,本句包含why引导的表语从句,设空处为从句的谓语动词;且此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;从句的主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers, 谓语应用第三人称单数形式。
故填carries。
(时态前后全都、主谓全都)
22.(2020年全国①卷·63) The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
【解析】从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系, 且位于情态动词would后, 故填be chosen。
(被动语态) 23.(2020年全国①卷·66) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.
【解析】设空处与and前的smiled并列, 叙述过去的事情, 应用一般过去时,故填pointed。
(并列全都)
24. (2019年全国①卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
【解析】由时间状语in recent years可知, 此处用现在完成时态, 故填have reported。
(时间状语、主谓全都) 25. (2019年全国①卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【解析】依据空格前的are及空格后的is可知, 本句是一般现在时; 又由six可知要用复数, 故填are。
(时态前后全都,主谓全都)
26. (2019年全国①卷·64) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. Irene said…
【解析】由后文的had和said 可知,本句应用一般过去时,故填declared。
(时态前后全都)
27. (2019年全国①卷·66) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years.
【解析】由时间状语“over the years”可知,此处应用现在完成时态,故填have made。
(时间状语、主谓全都) 28. (2019年全国①卷·65) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
【解析】因and并列两个谓语动词,时态应保持全都,故填recommended。
(并列全都)
29. (2019年全国①卷·69) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm…
【解析】此处在陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填is。
(时态前后全都、主谓全都) 30. (2018年全国①卷·64) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
【解析】此处在陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填is。
(时态前后全都、主谓全都) 31. (2018年全国①卷·61) Since 2011, the country ___________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years.
【解析】由Since 2011可知用现在完成时,且主语country是单数名词,故用has grown。
(时间状语、主谓全都)
五.思路点拨
当句中缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。
此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓全都等四个方面。
1.时态确定时态的四条依据:
(1) 依据上下文时态全都。
看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去、现在、将来),空格处要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态全都。
这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据之一。
但需留意:客观事实或真理可能时态不全都;直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不全都。
(2) 依据并列谓语动词的时态全都。
(3) 依据时间状语。
如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, over/in the past/last few years常与现在完成时连用;by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。
又如in 2005, the other day(不久前某一天), a moment ago, last Friday, yesterday等通常与一般过去时连用。
(4) 依据固定句式。
请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好玩的一部电影。
This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.这是我其次次同外国人讲话。
It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 那是我其次次同外国人讲话。
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车,车就开动了。
I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下,电话铃就响了。
I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作业,突然她走了进来。
I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我刚要做作业,突然她走了进来。
I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我刚要出去,电话响了。
2.语态主语是谓语动词的执行者,即主语与谓语动词在规律上是主谓关系,用主动语态;主语是谓语动词的承受者,即谓语动词与主语在规律上是动宾关系,用被动语态。
解题中,在推断用被动语态后,还要考虑时态和主谓全都等。
假如是在情态动词后,be就用原形。
3. 语气是否用虚拟语气,主要由一些特殊的词或句式来打算,详见“考点归纳”。
(到目前为止,全国卷中暂未考查)
4. 主谓全都一般来说,主语是单数, 谓语动词用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。
六.考点归纳
谓语动词涉准时态、语态、语气、主谓全都等四个考点。
以下重点提示其中两个。
1.时态尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态, 但近四年全国卷高考真题只考查了一般现在时、现在完成时和一般过去时三种时态。
尽管如此,以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应当把握的:
用,因此,有必要在此列出来复习一遍。
需把握以下两类八点:
七.考点练透
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1.Though the main building (destroy), the library still survives as a museum.
【解析】考查动词时态语态。
句意:尽管主楼遭到破坏,但是图书馆作为博物馆幸存下来。
本句陈述过去的事实,另外,主语the main building与谓语destroy构成被动关系,因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。
故填was destroyed。
2.The first part of the Space Exploration Project (improve) by our group so far.
【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意:到目前为止,太空探究工程的第一部分已经被我们团队改进了。
依据so far(到目前)可知,本句是现在完成时;主语The first part 与improve是被动关系,因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。
故填has been improved。
3.English now (speak) as a foreign or second language in South Asia.
【解析】考查时态及语态。
句意:在南亚,如今英语被当作一门外语或其次语言来使用。
依据时间状语now 可知,句子应使用一般现在时。
由于动词speak与所修饰词English(第三人称单数)之间是被动关系,应使用一般现在时的被动语态,be动词用is。
故填is spoken。
4.Listen! The project (discuss) at the meeting now.
【解析】考查时态语态。
句意:听!现在会议上正在争辩这个项目。
分析句子并依据时间状语now可知,句子应使用现在进行时,空处作谓语。
由于动词discuss与所修饰词The project(可数名词单数)之间是被动关系,应使用现在进行时的被动语态,be动词用is。
故填is being discussed。
5.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, (develop) and perfected now.
【解析】考查时态及语态。
句意:拥有人工智能的第五代计算机,目前正在开发和完善当中。
分析句子并依据时间状语now可知,句子应使用现在进行时,空处作谓语动词。
由于develop与主语The fifth generation computers (可数名词复数)之间是被动关系,应使用现在进行时的被动语态,be动词用are。
故填are being developed。
6.We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it (decorate)
【解析】考查时态及语态。
句意:我们去超市买东西,结果被告知正在装修。
分析句子并依据went可知,空处应使用过去进行时,表示“过去正在做某事”。
由于decorate与所修饰词it之间是被动关系,应使用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done。
it之后应使用was。
故填was being decorated。
7.By the end of 2021, several other metro lines . (complete)
【解析】考查时态及语态。
句意:到2021年底,其他几条地铁线路也将完工。
分析句子并依据时间状语By the end of 2021可知,句子应使用将来完成时。
由于complete与所修饰词several other metro lines之间是被动关系,应使用将来完成时的被动语态will have been completed。
故填will have been completed。
8.Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【解析】考查固定句型,主谓全都和时态。
句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。
他抬头一看,观察埃里
克吊在阳台上。
他快速把工具扔到一边,张开双臂跑了起来。
be doing...when...是固定句型,意为“正在做……这时……”,由“when he heard”可知,第一空是过去进行时,主语Henry是单数,因此第一空是was fixing;and前后时态全都,由started可知,其次空所在句子时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式threw,故填was fixing,threw。
9.He (watch) TV when someone knocked at the door.
【解析】考查时态。
句意:他正在看电视,这时有人敲门。
依据be doing sth when ......(当从句动作发生时,主句动作正在进行)可知空格处是过去进行时。
故填was watching。
10.It’s said that Samuel the first permanent (settle) in present Canada.
【解析】考查一般过去时和名词。
句意:据说Samuel在现在加拿大境内的第一块永久定居点定居。
分析句子可知,第一空作谓语,陈述过去事情,故用一般过去时settled;其次空,形容词permanent修饰名词,故填settlement。
11.They (settle) in Shanghai last year.
【解析】考查时态。
句意:他们去年定居上海。
依据时间状语last year 可知,本句描述过去发生的事情,
用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。
故填settled。
12.The competition was so close that no one was sure that who (win) the Best Actor award.
【解析】考查时态。
句意:这次竞赛是如此的接近以致于没有人能确定谁将赢得最佳男演员奖。
空格处是
宾语从句,依据主句was sure that可知空格处要用过去将来时。
故填would win。
13.He(behave) as if/though nothing had happened.
【解析】考查时态。
句意:他表现得好像没发生什么。
依据句意可知,空格处应当填写谓语动词,而后面
的方式状语从句为过去完成时,即主句使用一般过去时即可。
故填behaved。
14.My sister, as well as her classmates who (be)late for class, (punish)by Mr. Hunt this morning.
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态及语态。
句意:我姐姐和她上课迟到的同学,今日上午被亨特先生惩处了。
第一个空是定语从句,其中her classmates是先行词,在定语从句中作主语。
her classmates 是复数,发生在过去,故填were。
其次个空是主句的谓语动词,其主语My sister,是单数,叙述过去发生的事,要用一般过去时。
而My sister与动词punish二者是被动关系,姐姐是被惩处,故要用一般过去时的被动,要填was punished。
故小题填(1). were(2). was punished。
15.She (face) difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team.
【解析】考查动词时态。
句意:她以前也遇到过困难,她知道,假如她的年轻球员们像一个团队一样合作,她们就能获胜。
依据后文句意和时间状语before可知,此处face这一动作发生在knew之前,也就是过去的过去,用过去完成时。
故填had faced。
16.In the past 10 years, frequent natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes (destroy) countless homes.
【解析】考查时态。
句意:在过去的十年里,洪水和地震等自然灾难的频繁发生,已经摧毁了很多的房屋。