2015新版仁爱九年级Unit2topic2知识点讲解课件附课堂练习

Unit2 Saving the Earth
Topic 2 All these problems are very serious
单元语法知识点：不定代词和副词用法
定义：不指代任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

大多数不定代词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

1. some，any
(1) some多用于肯定句，修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词，作“一些”解。

它还可修饰单数可数名词，作“某一”解。

如：
H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries.
H-5型禽流感首先在亚洲爆发。

Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。

(2) any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。

If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.
图书馆如果来了新杂志，替我借几本。

Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屉里有邮票吗？
Is there any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗？
(3) any还可以用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。

You can come here any time. 你什么时候来都行。

You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。

2. either，both，all
(1) either表示“两者中的任何一个”。

Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。

Either will do. 两个都行。

(2) both“两个都”，修饰可数名词，统指两者。

Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。

Both of them should make concessions. 他们双方都应做出让步。

(3) all“全部，所有的”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。

All the students contributed to the fund.
所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。

All of the money has been spent. 钱都花完了。

We are all for you. 我们都支持你。

Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言，言无不尽。

3. no，neither，none
(1) no“不”，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。

There are no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。

I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西。

(2) neither“两者中哪个都不”，其所指范围是两个人或物。

Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。

Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk.
两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。

(3) none“没有一个人或东西”，它既可指可数名词（其所指范围是两个以上的人或物），又可指不可数名词。

All of the trees were cut down, and none was were. left.
所有的树都被砍了，一棵也不剩。

None of the students failed the examination.
没有一个学生考试不及格。

None of this money is his. 这笔钱没有一点儿是他的。

4. few, a few，little, a little
(1) few的意思是“没有几个”；a few的意思是“少数”，“几个”；修饰可数名词；a few表示肯定意义，表示否定意义。

The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it.
这个问题太难了，几乎没人能做出来。

1 few
Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。

Few of them want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去。

A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去。

(2) little“没有多少”，a little“少量”，修饰不可数名词；a little表示肯定意义，little表示否定意义。

如：There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。

Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.
虽然整整一个月没下雨了，但池塘里还有一点水。

5. many，much，most
(1) many用于修饰可数名词。

Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分问题已经解决了。

Many think that the situation will change soon. 很多人认为局势会很快改变。

(2) much用于修饰不可数名词。

Much of the money has been spent. 这笔钱的大部分已经被花掉了。

They have finished much of the work. 他们已经完成了大部分的工作。

指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody everyone/everybody
指物：something anything nothing everything
注意：不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如：
No one knows this secret. 没有一人知道这个秘密。

Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。

（二）不定副词
指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
If people spit anywhere in public, they should be punished. 如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应该受罚。

如果有定语修饰,定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后；如：
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。

There is nobody strange here. 这儿没有一个陌生人。

※ no= not any → nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anything
She didn’t say anything. = She said nothing. 她什么也没说。

There is nobody strange here.= The re isn’t anybody strange here.这儿没有一个陌生人。

练习：
1.（）----There’s wrong with the camera. Look! It works well.
A.something
B.nothing c.everything.
----You look so happy today!
-----Mr.Wang says I am clever. has ever said that.
A.somebody
B.Anybody
C.Everybody
D.Nobody
2.（）-----Is there in today’s newspaper?
-----No,there’s
A.anything special; something unusual
B.anything special; nothing unusual
C.special anything;nothing unusual
D.special anything; unusual nothing
3.（）---It was quite a heavy snow last night. Is everyone here now?
---Yes, and of us was late for school this morning.
A.niether
B.either
C.all
D.none
4.（）Though we have been staying up trying to finish the thing , there's still work to do
A many
B a plenty of
C a large amount of
D a great number of
5.（）We can learn____ from the Internet.。

A. lots of B. a lot of C. many D. a lot
6.（）---My sister likes English.
A.a lot of
B.lot
C.lots of
D.a lot
7.（）----the park is beautiful.we can see___flowers there
A.lot of
B.much
C.a lots of
D.many
8.--- It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone in our class here today?
---- Yes, and______ of us was late for school this morning.
9.---Which of the two subjects do you like, art or music?
----_______. They are really interesting.
10.---- How did you get the MP4, from a shop or by phone?
-----________. I always like shopping online.
A.None
B.Neither
C.Both
D.All
11.---How many students are there in the classroom?
---_______. I don’t know where they have gone.
A.No one
B. None
C.Nobody
D.Nothing
Section A
一．重要词汇：
1.brow strongly 风刮得很厉害
2. Walk down 沿着...走
3. Cut down 砍倒
4.As a result 结果...
5. Change into..把..变成....
6.stop..from doing sth 阻止..做某事
7.blow... away...把...吹走
8. Wash...away..把..冲走/洗去
9.be harmful to..对..有害
10.Human beings 人类11. The Green Great Wall 绿色长城
12.Protect the environment 保护环境13. Different types of....不同类型的
14.A number of...大量的... 15. Destroy the environment 破坏环境
16.Disappear rapidly 迅速消失17. On the earth 在地球上18.die out 灭绝，消失
19.live a happy life过幸福的生活20. Come into being 开始存在，产生，诞生。

21. Destroy the environment 破坏环境
二．重点词汇
1.As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.
2.Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
3.They can also stop the water from washing the earth away.
4.Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.
三．课本知识点同步讲解
1.Change into...变成.... 相当于turn into...
E.g Water has changed into steam. 水变成了蒸汽。

2.stop sb/sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事= prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth.
E.g The heavy snow stoppped/ prevented the visitors (from) leaving the top of the mountain.
大雪使得游人不得不停留在山顶上。

考题链接：
The workers can ____ the waste things ____ something useful.
A．make, into B．change, into C．make, in D．change, to
3.As a result 结果
He defeated all competitors and won the scholarship as a result.
他击败了所有的竞争者,最终赢得了奖学金
as a result of 由于的意思He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他迟到了.
4.Although “虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though,although 较为正式。

E.g Although/Though he is very tired, he goes on with his work. 他虽然很累，但是他还继续工作。

注意：在句中使用although 或though 时，不能同时使用but，但although/though后可用yet或still等。

考题链接：
Although Joan is very fat, she runs very fast.
[ ]
A. /
B. but
C. so
D. and
______ the work is difficult, all the workers are keeping on working.
[ ]
A. But
B. Although
C. And
D. So
5.A number of...许多，大量，修饰可数名词复数。

修饰主语时，谓语用复数形式。

The number of ....的数量，修饰可数名词的复数。

作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

考题链接：
— A number of students _____ in the dinning hall.
—Let me count. The number of the students _____ about 400.
A.are, is
B. is, are
C. are, are
A number of students ______ playing on the ground but I don't know what the exact number______. A．are; is B．are; are C．is; is D．is; are
6.die out 灭绝，消失
E.g We must try our best to protect the wild animals, or they will die out.
我们必须尽力保护野生动物，否则他们会灭绝。

Section B
一．重要词汇
1.leave rubbish here and there 到处扔垃圾
2. 在公共场合in public
3.Walk on grass 践踏草坪
4. Pick flowers 摘花
5. Care for 关心、照顾
6.wild animals 野生动物
7. Should(shouldn’t) do sth 应（不应）该做某事
二．重要句子
1.It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal.
2.But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.
3.None of us likes pollution.
4.We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there.
5.We should do everything we can to protect the environment.
三．课本知识点同步讲解
1.none 指三者或三者以上的“没有，都不”，即可指“人”也可指“物”，常与of连用，即可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。

构成“none of+名词/代词”结构，当名词是不可数名词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。

当名词是复数时，谓语动词用单复数均可。

None of those bused go(es) there. 没有一辆公共汽车去那里。

考题链接：
（）—Don't be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you?
—No. I won't. I know that ______of us are perfect after all.
A．none B．neither C．nobody D．all
（）---How many students are there in the classroom?
---_________. I don’t know where they have gone.
A.No one
B. None
C. Nobody
D.Nothing.
（）----It rained heavily yesterday, but _____ of the students was late for school.
A.both
B. all
C. none
D. Neither
none既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此通常与表范围的of短语连用；而no one(=nobody)只能指人,不能与of短语连用.如：
None of that money on the table is mine.桌上没有一分钱是我的.
None of us enjoy getting up early.我们中间没人喜欢早起.
No one (=Nobody) knows about it.没有人了解此事.
none与数量有关,可回答how many,表示“一个也没有”；而no one表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who.如：
—How many people are there in that room?—None.那个房间里有几个人?一个人也没有.
—Who was late today?—No one.今天谁迟到了?谁也没有迟到.
考题链接：
"How many elephants did you see?" ------- "_____".
A．None B．No one C．Not many ones D．No many
2.everyone 表示“每个人”，只指人，不指物，不接of短语，它强调整体，如果后接表范围的of短语，则要改为every one.
E.g .He knows everyone in our class.
考题链接：
_____ in our class likes music.
A.Every of us
B. All of us
C. Everyone of us
D. Every one of us
3.We should do everything we can to protect the environment.
此句中we can作everything的定语，省略了引导词that及从句中的谓语do,意为“一切能做的事情。

”
Section C-D
重要词汇：
1.change...a lot. 改变.....很多
2. In many way 在很多方面，用很多方法
3.Be good f or...对.....有益
4..disappear 消失
5.pass through 穿过
6.form 形成
7.escape 逃脱; 逃离,散发
8.the greenhouse effect 温室效应
9.plenty of 大量，许多10. Take...away from.....从...中拿走/除去
11.Day by day 一天又一天12.be short of.... 缺乏13. Fresh water 淡水
14.Avoid (doing) sth 避免做某事15. Use sth for doing sth 用...来做某事
16. Be covered with... 被...所覆盖
课本知识点：
1.Rise 和raise 区别
Raise和rise都有“上升”的意思，记住下面2句话：
Raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语，就是“某人把某物举起来”。

Rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语，也就是说“某人、某物自己升起来”。

He raised his right hand. 他举起了右手。

（是他把手举起来的，所以用raise）
I raised the box above my head. 我把盒子举过了头顶。

（盒子是我举起的，所以用raise）
The waves rose and fell. 波浪起起伏伏。

（波浪是自己动的，所以用rise）
Smoke rose into the sky. 空中升起了烟。

（烟也是自己飘的，所以用rise）
2. Raise和rise都有“增长”的意思，同样地：
Raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语。

Rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。

We ___ our heads to watch the sun ___ over the bridge
3.seem （v）. 似乎是
Seem (to be)+表语。

E.g He seems (to be) quiet happy. 他似乎很快乐。

It seems that+ 从句。

E.g It seems that he is quite happy.
Seem + to do sth. He seemed to enjoy himself. 他好像很愉快。

4.be short of...缺乏....
练习题
Ⅰ.单项选择。

（10分）
( )1.—Would you like to have _____?—No, thank you. I’ve had enough.
A.anything more
B.something more
C.more anything
D.more something
( )2.The driver was badly hurt _____ of the traffic accident.
A.at a result
B.in the result
C.with the result
D.as a result
( )3.This washing machine is very easy to use. _____ can learn to use it in a very short time.
A.Somebody
B.Anybody
C.Nobody
D.Few people
( )4.—Hi, Bob! I can’t find my story book. Have you seen it?
—Sorry, I haven’t. Why not ask Jim? Perhaps he’s seen it _____.
A.anywhere
B.everywhere
C.nowhere
D.somewhere
( )5._____ everybody likes watching TV in my family.
My parents like doing outdoor activities.
A.No
B.Not
C.None
D.Nobody
( )6.We must plant more trees after we _____ every year.
A.cut off them
B.cut them off
C.cut down them
D.cut them down
( )7.The cleaners must keep the street _____.
A.from getting dirty
B.to dirty
C.to get dirty
D.getting dirty ( )
8.—Is _____ ready for the trip?—No, we haven’t got a camera.
A.nothing
B.everything
C.something
D.anything
( )9.None of us _____ running, but we all like swimming.
A.likes
B.like
C.liking
D.would like to
( )10.Liang Li always helps others _____ she is very busy.
A.but
B.and
C.although
D.because
(A) 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。

1.During this p_____ we have changed our planet a lot in many ways.
2.First you must dig a h_____ before planting a tree.
3.The flood nearly reached roof l_____.
4.I hope the boy won’t have bad b_____ as before.
5.When the sun r_____, everything is bright.
Ⅱ.英汉互译。

11.不要到处扔垃圾。

Don’t throw the rubbish _____ and _____.
12.森林有利于防止水的流失。

Forests help to keep water _____ _____ the earth away.
13.我们应该尽一切努力保护环境。

We should do _____ _____ to protect the environment.
14.水污染导致我们城市切断供水两天。

The water pollution caused our city to _____ _____ its water supply for two days.。