2024年人教版八年级英语下册冲刺背诵秘笈

2024年人教版八年级英语下册冲刺背诵秘笈
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语
1. ①have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽have a cold 受凉;感冒
have a nosebleed 流鼻血have a heart problem 有心脏病
have a toothache 牙疼have a stomachache 胃疼
②have a sore back 背疼have a sore throat 喉咙痛
2.have problems breath ing呼吸困难
3. talk too much说得太多(too much修饰动词)
4. drink enough water 喝足够的水
5. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
6. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
7. see a dentist 看牙医go to a doctor 看医生
8. get an X-ray 拍X光片
9. take one’s temperature 量体温
10. go along 沿着……走
11. get off/on 下车/上车
12. get into/out of 进入/从……出来get into trouble 陷入麻烦
13. be in control (of) 掌管;管理
be out of control(of)失控
14. thanks to 多亏了
15. on the side of the road 在马路边
16. shout for help 大声呼救
17. put some medicine on sth. 在…上面敷药
18.put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
19. to one’s surprise 使....... 惊讶的
20. fall down 摔倒
21. without think ing twice 没有多想（without doing sth）
22. save a life 挽救生命save money 存钱、省钱
23. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
24. in the same way 以同样的方式
25. make a decision 做出决定
26. because of 由于
27. feel sick 感到恶心
28. in a difficult situation 在困境中
29. take risks 冒险=take a risk take a risk of...冒...的风险
30. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
31. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事
32. in time 及时on time准时
33. right away=at once 立刻
34. expect(sb) to do 期待做某事
35.the importance of...的重要性
36.cut off 切除
二、重难点、考点
1.“怎么了？”（询问麻烦事或身体状况）
▲What’s the matter（with sb）? =What’s the trouble (with sb)?=What’s wrong (with sb)? =What’s up?=What’s your trouble/problem?
2.表示“患某种病、...疼痛”
1.) have a+疾病名词/身体部位-ache，eg: have a cough咳嗽
2.）have a sore+身体部位eg: have a sore back/throat背疼/喉咙痛
3.see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调全过程）
see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事（强调正在发生）
类似用法的词：watch, notice, hear
4.agree with sb同意某人agree to do同意做某事agree+that从句
5.have trouble/problems/difficulty in doing sth 做某事有困难
6.trouble用法:
1).be in trouble处于困境
2).get (sb) into trouble (使某人) 陷入困境
7.词组辨析：used to do过去常常be used to doing习惯于做
8.so...that+从句如此...以至于
so that为了，目的是引导目的状语从句Eg: He works hard so that he can succeed
9.What’s the meaning of...?=What does...mean? ....的意思是什么？
10.反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
高频短语：by oneself 独自一人（=alone=on one’s own ）
enjoy oneself 玩得开心（=have fun=have a good time）
be oneself 做自己
dress oneself 自己穿衣服teach oneself自学
introduce oneself自我介绍help yourself/yourselves. 随便吃
11.说谎：lie-lied-lied-lying 躺：lie-lay-lain-lying (tell a lie 说谎lie作名词)
下蛋：lay-laid-laid-laying
(规则的撒谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，laid, laid.
12. run out 用完;用尽（主语是物）
run out of...用完;用尽（主语是人，of后接物）
Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
2. care for 关心;照顾=look after=take care of
3. at the age of 在......岁时
4. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
5. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋
6. give out 分发;散发=hand out
give away 赠送;捐赠give up放弃give in屈服give back归还
7. come up with 想出；提出=think of
8. make some notices 做些公告牌
9. try out 试用;试行
10. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力work as+职业做...工作work on...从事...
11. put up 搭建;举起;张贴put off （doing sth）推迟;延迟
put down 放下，写下put away把...收好put on穿上put out 熄灭
13. call up 打电话;召集
14.for example 比如；例如
15. raise money 筹钱;募捐
16. take after 与......相像(品质，外貌) =look like像(外貌)
17. fix up 修理;修补;解决fix =repair=mend
18. be similar to 与……相似
19. set up 建立;设立
20. disabled people 残疾人
21. make a difference (to) (对...)影响;有作用
22. be able to 能够=can
23.a feeling of satisfaction满足感
24.several hours若干小时
25.volunteer to do sth自愿做volunteer n.自愿者
26.homeless people无家可归的人disabled people残疾人
27.be busy with sth忙于be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
28.a trained dog一只受过训的狗
二、重点语法
1. notice sb do sth注意到某人做过某事，notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事
1.)satisfy v. 使...满意satisfy sb 使某人满意
2.)satisfied/satisfying adj. 感到满意的/令人满意的be satisf ied with对...满意
3.)satisfaction n. 满意，满足
4. ill 与sick辨析
sick adj. 定语，表语sickness n.
ill adj. 表语illness n.
Eg:He is ill.=He is sick. Here is a sick dog.
形容词+ness变名词：
kind-kindness，ill-illness, sick- sickness, sad-sadness, happy-happiness, busy-business,
fair-fairness
5.imagine+V-ing/名词/代词imagine doing sth
6.句型辨析：
It is clever/smart/kind/nice/friendly of sb to 做某事是...的(形容词描述人品质、性格用of) It is +adj+for sb to do 做某事对某人来说是...的(形容词描述事情用for)
7.change one’s mind改变主意change one’s life 改变某人的生活
change green into yellow由绿变黄
8.be interest ed in=have/show an interest in 对...感兴趣
9.raise v.①筹集raise money②抚养③举起raise one’s hand hand=put up one’s hand ④提高区别raise & rise
raise 及物动词,后面要接宾语
rise 不及物动词,后面不接宾语（表示河面、物价、太阳等的上升）The sun rises in the east.
9.stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth 停下正在做的事
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一、重点短语
1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 看电影
4. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
5.all day/evening 整曰/夜
6.do housework 做家务= do chores
7. get a ride 搭车
8. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
9. do the dishes 洗餐具
10. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
11. fold the clothes 叠衣服
12. sweep the floor 扫地
13. make the bed 整理床铺
14. as a result=so 因此as a result of... =because of因为
15. get good grades取得好成绩
16. throw down 扔下throw away扔掉throw.... into把..扔进...
throw sth to sb 朝某人扔throw sth at sb 朝某人扔（含恶意）
17. come over 过来
18.shout back 大声回应
19.walk away 走开
20.all the time 一直;总是
21.share the housework 分担家务
22.in surprise 惊讶地
23. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
24.hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
26. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
27. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
28. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
29.a waste of time浪费时间（waste v.浪费用法与spend相同）
30. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
31. depend on依赖;依靠
32. develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
33. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
二、重点语法、考点
1.Could you please (not) do sth ?用于提出请求，希望得到对方肯定回答，语气较委婉。

肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
否定回答：Sorry , I can’t. / I’m afraid I can’t.
2.(1)neither adv 也不
I don’t like this dress.我不喜欢这件连衣裙。

Neither/Nor do I.我也不喜欢。

【注意】肯定句：He likes beef..--So do I. 我也喜欢。

(2)neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则
Neither Tom nor I am a student
(3)neither 作代词表示“两个都不”，neither of...作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
Neither of my parents is at home.
3.borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出) (做题方法:看主语,借进borrow/借出lend)▲borrow、lend不与一段时间连用，与一段时间连用用keep
4.need v 需要作实义动词常用于肯定句
(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth need doing = sth need to be done
5.(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地点邀请某人去某地
6.spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth 在某事上花费......
sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sth
He spends too much time on the computer games.
(4)pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱eg: A new computer costs me a lot of money.
(5)take→took → taken v 花费
It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
记忆方法：人做主语有两花，pay和spend. 物作主语cost，形式主语用take.
7. develop v→development n发展→developing adj.发展中的→developed adj. 发达的
a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家
8.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人=pass sth to sb
pass by 路过，经过pass away 去世
9.as soon as=the minute 一...就... （遵循：主将从现，主过从过）
10. in order to （do sth）为了=in order that+句子=so that+句子（从句中常与can/could/may/might 等情态动词连用）
11. provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物
offer to do sth 主动提出做某事offer a seat 让座
12.mess n.混乱,杂乱make a mess弄得一团糟in a mess乱七八糟
13. It作形式宾语
形式宾语：主语+谓语(find,think,make,feel)+it+adj+to do sth
14.意味着干某事mean doing sth 打算干某事mean to do sth
15.干某事是足够的It’s enough to do sth
16.如何照顾他们自己how to look after themselves (疑问词后接动词不定式)
17.不需要某人干某事There is no need for sb to do sth
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time(to do)有空闲时间
2 after-school classes课外活动课
3. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架= have a fight with sb.=fight with sb
4. write to sb=write sb. a letter给某人写信
5. surprise sb. 使某人惊讶（surprise v.）
6. look through翻看
7. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
8. a big deal重要的事It’s not a big deal 没什么大不了。

9. work out成功地发展;解决=solve
10. get on well with和...友好相处
11. hang over笼罩
12. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
13. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
14. make sb. angry使某人生气
15. worry about sth. 担心某事=be worried about sth
16. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业
17. give sb. pressure给某人施压
18. compete with sb. 与某人竞争(competition n.比赛competitor n.竞争者)
19. cause stress造成压力
20. cut out删除cut down 砍到，削减（数量）cut off切除
21.give sth back to sb归还某人=return to sb
municate with sb和某人交谈=have a communication with sb
23.explain sth to sb向某人解释某事
24.argue with sb =have an argument with sb 与某人争吵
25.处理do with =deal with
do with“处理，对付” 常与疑问词what搭配What do you do with ....? （强调处理的对象）deal with “处理，对付”常与疑问词how搭配How do you deal with.....?（强调处理的方式）
26.一个典型的美国家庭 a typical American family
27.在我看来in my opinion
28.把…和…作比较compare... with...=compare ...to...（把...比作...）
二、重点语法
1. 提建议的句型
(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.? ….怎么样？
(2) Why don’t you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不呢？
(3) Let’s do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。

(4) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做…好吗？
(5) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗？
(6) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？
(7) Shall we do sth.? 我们做…好吗？
(8) You’d better do/not do sth. 你最好做/不做某事
(9)主语+should/shouldn’t+V原. “...应该/不应该...”
2.(1)too many + 复数名词许多too many people
(2)too much +不可数名词许多too much homework
(3)much too +形容词(或者修饰V) 太… much too cold talk too much
3. (1) allow doing sth 允许做某事We don’t allow smoking in our house.
(2)allow sb.（not）to do sth. (不)允许某人做某事My parents don’t allow me to stay up late.
(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
4.系动词：后跟adj.作表语
一是：（be）am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静
二似乎seem appear
三保持：stay/keep/remain （表示持续状态）stay healthy=keep healthy
四变得：become/get/turn/go （表示状态变化）
五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）
5.忘记做某事：forget to dosth/
落下某物leave sth +地点落下
6.V-ing动名词或句子作主语谓语动词用三单：
Reading books is helpful. What he said is true.
7.find的用法：
(1) find + sb / sth + adj / n. 发现某人/某物是…(后面可以接形容词或名词作宾语补足语)
(2) find + sb + doing sth 发现某人正在干某事
(3) find doing sth + adj. = find it + adj. + to do sth 发现干某事是…的。

(4) look for, find &find out辨析
look for : 寻找(表示过程)
find : 找到(丢失的人或物，表示寻找的结果)
find out : 弄清楚(事实的真相等)；通常接宾语从句。

8.instead & instead of
instead: adv. “代替，相反”，单独使用，可放句首或句末，前后句之间有相反的含义。

instead of : “而不是，代替”，+n/代词/V-ing, 表示前面的事情做了，而后面的事情没做。

9.until、although & so that 引导的状语从句
until 意为“直到...为止”=till, until的常用搭配：not ... until ..“直到...才...”(主将从现) although / though意为“虽然，尽管”在同一个句子中，although / though和but不能同时出现,但可以和still/yet连用。

so that意为“以便于，为了”,引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词can/could/may/might等连用。

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
一、重点短语
1. make sure 确信;确认
2. beat against... 拍打… …
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着
4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来
6. break.. . apart 使……分离
7. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
8. at the time of 当.......时候=When+句子
9. go off (闹钟)发出响声、食物变质、离开
10. take a hot shower 洗热水澡
11. miss the bus 错过公交车
12. pick up 接电话、捡起、接某人、偶然学会（某种语言）
13. by the side of the road 在路边
14. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
15. walk by 走路经过
16. make one’s way to. .. 在某人去……的路上=on one’s way to...
17. be killed 被杀害
18. take down 拆除;摧毁
19. on the radio 通过广播
20. in silence 沉默;无声=silently keep silent 保持安静（silent adj.沉默的---silence n.沉默）
21.fallen trees歪倒的树
22.broken windows损坏的窗户
23.start/begin to do=start/begin doing开始做某事at the beginning of 在...在在在
24.在在在在在在在在 rain /snow heavily=rain /snow hard
25.suddenly =all of a sudden 突然地
26.由于外面没有灯with no light outside (with 表原因)
27.the rest of...剩下的，其余的...
28.说出真相tell the truth
29.have meaning to....对...有意义
30.point sth out to sb向某人指出
31.too=as well也
32.call out喊出
33.如此多次so many times
二、重点语法---过去进行时
1. 在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在
2. 在在在在在在在在was / were + doing
在在在在在: was / were + not + doing (was not --- wasn’t ; were not --- weren’t)
在在在在在在在在Was / Were + 在在 + doing + 在在在在?
特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+was / were + 在在 + doing + 在在在在?
3. 用法以及时间标志性词语
注意when与while的用法区别：
I was sleeping when my mother knocked at the door.
When I was sleeping, my mother knocked at the door.
While he was studying, his sister began to sing a song.
when的用法：when “当...的时候”,引导时间状语从句, 后接短暂性动词或者延续性动词。

while的用法：while “当...的时候”,引导时间状语从句,后只能接延续性动词，而且常与进行时连用。

记忆口诀：when后可长亦可短，while后只可长;
若是两个都为长,while 来把纽带当。

三、考点
1.beat含义: ①敲打；②打败；③心脏，脉搏跳动
beat+人/团队“打败” win+比赛/奖项“赢得”
2.against ①倚靠，背靠②反对be against反对，be for支持
③对抗... fight against 与...作斗争play against 与..对打（比赛）
④beat against the window 敲打窗户
3.the rest of +n/代词，作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致.
4.realize ①意识到(+句子) ②实现（目标，梦想等）realize one’s dream
5.词性转换
strange-stranger heavy-heavily wind-windy sleep-asleep report-reporter ice-icy complete-completely silence-silent recent-recently true-truth
die-dying fall-fallen break-broken
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains
一、重点短语
1. once upon a time = long long ago 从前
2. continue to do sth. 继续做某事(另一件事) continue doing sth. 继续做某事(同一件事)
3. make sth. happen 使某事发生
4.try to do sth. 试图、尽力做某事
5. the journey to sp. ......之旅(近义词“trip, travel, tour”)
6.find one’s way home 找到某人回家的路
7.a good way to solve the problem = a solution to the problem
8. a little bit silly有点蠢
a bit=a little bit=a little=kind of+形容词
a bit of=a little+不可数名词
9. 一部名叫《美猴王》的电视节目a TV program called /named the Monkey King
10.in the moonlight 在月光下
11.fall in love with爱上...
12.the main character 主要人物；主人公
13. at other times 在另外一些时候
14. a fairy tale 一个神话故事
15. come out (书、电影等)出版，出来，开花
16. turn .. . into 变成=change ...into...
17. become interested in (doing) sth. 对(做)……感兴趣
18. get lost 迷路=be lost
19. the next day 第二天
20. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
21. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地
22. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
23. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
24.hear sb doing听到某人正在做某事
25.把每件东西占为己有keep everything for oneself
26.面包屑pieces of bread
二、考点
1.remind 的用法
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起... e.g. This book reminds me of my childhood.
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 e.g. My mother always reminds me to come back early. remind+that从句 e.g: The story reminds me that we should be honest.
2.seem意为“似乎；好像”用法：
1)主语+ seem +（to be ）+ 名词或形容词
Eg: Tom seems （to be ）a very clever boy.
2)“主语+ seem to do sth
eg:Mrs Green doesn’t seem(或seems not )to like the idea.
3)It seems + that+从句(其中it 是形式主语，that引导主语从句)。

eg:It seems that Mr Brown will not come again.
.3状语从句：时间状语从句（as soon as）、条件状语从句（unless）、结果状语从句(so...that) as soon as 用法见unit3
unless “如果不，除非”=if not ,引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则
so...that.... 如此...以至于...(so +adj/adv.+that+句子) 可与too...to..., enough...to do结构互换注意so ...that...与such...that...区别：（so 强调adj./adv. such强调名词）
so +adj +a/an +名词+that+句子
= such +a/an +adj +名词+that+句子
such +adj +名词复数/不可数名词+that+句子
▲当adj为many/much/few/little时，用so 即so many/much/little/few+名词“如此多/少的...”
4.区别：all &whole
all : (adj.) (1) “所有的，全部的”。

强调“一个不少，全部”。

(2) 放在定冠词和形容词性的物主代词之前。

(3) 后面可以接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。

whole : (adj.) (1) “整个的，全部的”。

强调“一点不缺，整个”。

(2) 通常用在可数名词的单数前，定冠词和形容词性的物主代词之后。

(3) 名词前有数词时，用whole，不用all。

表示时间和季节时，可以互换。

如：all day = the whole day
5.感叹句的考点：(1) 分清what和how。

(名词修饰用“what”；形副修饰要用“how”)
(2) 切忌部分不可数，不加“a / an”在名前。

(weather, news, information, advice, bread) How +adj./adv（+主+谓）！How +adj.+a/an+n单（+主+谓）！
What +a/an+adj.+n单（+主+谓）！What +adj.+n复/不可数n.（+主+谓）！
6.be made of+原材料（看得出）be made from+原材料（看不出）由....制成
be made in+产地产于... be made by+人由...制造be made into+成品制成....
7.“用...声音/语气”in a.... voice
voice, sound & noise之辩
(1)voice多指人说话、唱歌、鸟的叫声。

(2)noise n.噪音“”→noisy adj.“吵闹的”指不悦耳的吵闹声如嘈杂声、噪音等make noise制造噪音
(3)sound ①n泛指人听到的任何声音。

②v听起来
8.marry v.嫁，娶---married adj.已婚的---unmarried adj.未婚的--marriage n.婚姻
marry sb 嫁，娶某人=get/be married to sb
marry sb to sb 把某人嫁给...
Unit 7 W hat’s the highest mountain in the world?
一、重点短语
1. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
2.risk their lives拿生命冒险
3. as far as I know 据我所知
4.as you can see正如你所看到的
5. be in danger处于危险中
6.live up to活到
7. part of... ...... 的组成部分
8.challenge oneself挑战自己
9.stand on two legs两条腿站立
10. any other mountain 其他任何一座山
11. run along 跨越… …
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
15.or so大约
16. in the face of difficulties面临危险
17. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想= realize one’ s dre am = make one’ s dream come true
18. even though 虽然;尽管
19. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
20. reach the top 到达顶峰
21. at birth 在出生的时候
22. be awake 醒着
23. fall over 摔倒fall down跌倒fall off从...上摔下来=fall down from..
fall into掉进fall in love with爱上fall asleep 入睡
24. run over with excitement兴奋地跑过去
25. walk into sb. 撞到某人
26. every two years 每两年
27. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
28. endangered animals 濒危动物
29. fewer and fewer pandas大熊猫越来越少
30. the importance of sav ing animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
31.die of (用于害病，疲劳，寒冷，饥饿，失望，悲伤等内因)
die from死于(用于外部创伤或间接原因致死)
32.in the remaining forests在剩余的森林中“剩下的” remaining adj.放n前; left adj.放n后
33.protect … from…保护...免遭...
34.in good/bad condition.状况良好
二、重点语法
1.表达事物的长，宽，高，深……
▲主语+be+基数词+单位+形容词（long/ wide/ high/ deep等）=主语+be+in+名词
long adj. --- length n. 长度wide adj. ---width n. 宽度
deep adj. --- depth n. 深度high adj. --- height n. 高度
如：Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.
在尺寸上，在面积上in size ; 在高度上in height 在重量上in weight
2.问事物的高，深，宽，长，重…? How high/tall/ deep/ wide/ long/heavy is ... ?
3.succeed. v. 成功succeed (in) doing sth. Eg: He succeeded in finishing the work. success n. “成功”不可数，make success 取得成功
successful adj. 成功的--successfully adv.成功地
4.prepare 用法
1)prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
2)prepare sth. for sth/sb... 为……准备某物
3)make preparation(s) for 为…做准备
5. 任何其他的山any other mountain
▲ any other “任何其他的”，后面接名词单数, 常用于比较级句式中。

Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.(同义句转换)
=Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
=Qomolangma is higher than the other mountains in the world.
6.在世界上人口数量最多have the biggest/largest population in the world
▲population n.人口
在集体名词，没有复数形式。

常与定冠词the连用。

在指人口多或少，用large或small来表示。

在“某地有多少人口”：The population of+地方+ is+数量.=地方+has a population of+数量在提问“有多少人口”？What’s the population of+某地？
⑤population 前有分数、百分数修饰时，谓语动词通常用复数.
7.include v.包括→ including prep. 包含
8、形容词和副词的“三级”:
1. 原级: (1) 无比较。

(2) 修饰语: very, pretty, so, too, rather, quite等表示程度的副词。

(3) 同级之间的比较:
A + 谓语动词+ as + 原级+ as +
B A和B一样…(怎么样)
A + 谓语动词+ 倍数+ as + 原级+ as +
B A正好是B的多少倍
(4) 同级间比较的否定句:
A + 谓语动词否定+ as / so + 原级+ as +
B A不如B…
(5) 用法: as + 原级+ as possible = as + 原级+ as + 某人can / could尽可能…(怎么样) 2. 比较级:
(1) 两者或两部分之间的比较。

通常有连词“than”。

(2)the +比较级+of the two…(the twins.) “两个中较....”
(3) 表示“越来越…”的用法： A. 比较级+ and + 比较级
B. more and more + 多音节词
(4) 表示“越…，就越…” the + 比较级+ 主+谓，the + 比较级+ + 主+谓
（5）表示“比...多几倍” 倍数+ 比较级+than ....
（倍数的表达：once ; twice ; three times; four times..）
His garden is 9 times larger than that one.
(6) 比较级中的替代。

代词that，those代替前面提到的名词。

(7) 比较级的修饰词：a lot, much, far ; a little ; a bit; even; still等修饰词。

3. 最高级: (1) 三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。

(2) 形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词“the”。

副词最高级前可加可不加。

句型1：the+最高级+ of /in+范围My mother is the busiest in my family
Jim works hardest of us all.
句型2 ：One of+the+最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”
One of the most important languages is English.
句型3 the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语“第几最…”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.（三）、形容词的比较等级和最高等级：
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则变化：
如：interesting-more interesting-most interesting
3．有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化：
好：good/well-better-best
坏：bad/badly-worse-worst
多：many/much-more-most
少：little-less-least
远：far-farther-farthest（距离遥远）far-further-furthest （程度深）
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
一、重点短语
1. the marks of another man’s feet 另一个人的脚印
2.more than超出=over
3. belong to 属于（+代词宾格/人名）
4.grow up长大
5.at least至少
6.can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
7.think about考虑
8.do some research on sth. 对……做研究
9.put...down放下, 记下≈write down
10. 听说hear of/about 收到某人的来信hear from sb
11.赶快in a hurry 匆忙赶到... hurry to+地点hurry to do sth匆忙做某事
12.数百万的millions of
13. at the end of the day在一天结束的时候
14.现场唱歌sing live
15.be kind to each other 善待彼此each other=one another彼此；相互
16.run towards sp. 跑向某地
17. science fiction 科幻小说
e... to do sth. 用……来做某事
19.the number of people 人数(作主语，谓用单数)
20. trust one another 互相信任
21. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
22. come to realize 开始意识到
23. study abroad 在国外学习
24. ever since then 自从那时起.ever since自从
25.have nothing什么也没有
26.leave behind遗忘；留下
27.another+单数名词“另一个...”
another+数词+复数名词=数词+more复数名词“另外的几个...”
29.介绍给某人introduce....to sb self-introduction自我介绍
30.保持/打破/创造记录keep/break/set the record
二、重点语法
1.现在完成时
1)定义：过去发生的动作对现在有影响。

例：—Have you had breakfast yet? 你吃过早饭了吗？
—Yes, I have. I’ve had it.是的，我吃过了(现在我不饿了)
I’ve already read the book. 我已经读过这本书了(了解了书的内容)
2)结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
3)句型：
在肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他. 例：I have found my pen.
在否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。

I haven’t found my pen.
在一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？—Have you found your pen?
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
4)动词过去分词的变化规则
一般动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成相同。

不规则动词的过去分词136页特殊记忆。

5)常用标志词语：
①already , yet ；ever, never, just, before, once, twice, 基数词+times, so far ,...
②for+时间段；since+时间点，since +时间段+ago，since+句子（一般过去时）
①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后He has just come .
在never表示否定,放在have / has后He has never visited the Great Wall.
在ever用于疑问句中，用于询问某人过去的经历。

Have you ever been to the farm？
在before用于句末The woman has never heard of that before.
⑤so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.
already与yet的用法：
already&yet “已经” ，但already常用于肯定句中；yet常用于疑问句中，并用于句末。

用于否定句，意为“还(没)；尚(未)”
例：I’ve already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影。

Have you seen the film yet?你已经看过这部电影了吗？
since与for (How long提问)
6）延续性动词和非延续性动词转换：
⏹borrow/lend have(has) kept
⏹buy have(has) had/owned
⏹die have(has) been dead
⏹begin/start have(has) been on
⏹finish/end have(has) been over
⏹open have(has) been open
⏹close have(has) been closed
⏹fall asleep have(has) been asleep
⏹go to sleep have(has) been asleep
⏹become have(has) been
⏹leave have(has) been away (from)
⏹get married/marry have(has) been married
⏹join have(has) been a member of
have(has) been in
⏹catch a cold have(has) had a cold
⏹move/come/go to /reach//get to/arrive have(has) been in/at
⏹return/go back/come back have(has) been back
▲注意：how long, since,for与现在完成时连用时动词要用延续性动词
7)have been to/gone to/been in的区别
have been to强调“曾经去过…”现已不在那里，已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。

have been in“在某地待了多久”（和一段时间连用）
三、考点
1、Tom Sawyer is about a boy who lives in the United Kingdom.
①定语从句修饰名词(先行词)，通常用who/that/which代替名词做定语从句的主语或宾语成分。

先行词是人，用who/that代替；先行词是物，用which/that代替
②当被修饰的名词做定语从句的主语时，通常以名词来确定谓语动词的单复数。

2.an island full of treasures 在此句中作后置定语。

▲充满...., 装满..... be full of=be filled with.（在句中作谓语）
3. 你认为…怎么样？
What do you think of/about …= How do you like…= How do you feel feel like …?
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
词性变化
nation（n）国家→ national(adj.)国家的
amusement(n.)娱乐，游戏→ amuse(v.)娱乐，消遣
invention (n.)发明→ inventor(n.)发明家→invent(v.)发明
believable (adj.) 可相信的→ unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的
social(adj.)社会的→ society(n.) 社会
perform（v.）→ performance(n.)表演→performer(n.)表演者
collect（v.）收集→collection收藏→ collector(n.)收藏家
enjoyable(adj.)愉快的，快乐的→ enjoy(v.)享受，欣赏，喜欢
国家人变复数口诀：中日不变，英法变a为e,其他加s
国籍单数复数
中国人 a Chinese two Chinese
澳大利亚人an Australian two Australians
俄国人 a Russian two Russians
意大利人an Italian two Italians
法国人 a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 a Japanese two Japanese
美国人an American two Americans
印度人an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 a German two Germans
英国人an Englishman two Englishmen。