2022届高三英语译林版(江苏专用)一轮复习教师用书：第2部分 专题4 名词性从句

专题四名词性从句
◆名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词
what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where /when /why/ how/ wherever/whenever。

1．that的用法。

(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。

That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don't have enough money.
The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.
(2)一般状况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种状况中that一般不省略：
(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不行省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。

He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(3)that和what的区分。

that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，都要充当肯定的句子成分，常表示“(某人/物)……的”。

It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.
I will do what I can (do) to help him.
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区分。

同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。

假如句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。

同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)。

The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)
2．whether和if的用法。

(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是在介词后一般用whether。

It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not时用whether。

I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。

Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。

We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if 不能。

The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。

Thank you，but whether I'll be free I'm not sure at the moment.
(7)whether可引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。

Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.
3．疑问词＋-ever和no matter＋疑问词的区分。

(1)疑问词＋-ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当肯定的成分。

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
(2)疑问词＋-ever还可引导让步状语从句。

Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.
Whatever you do，you must do it well.
(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.
No matter who comes late，he must be punished.
4．when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区分。

when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从
句，否则则为同位语从句。

They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)
This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)
◆主语从句的考查要点
1．主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。

2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不行省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。

That she will succeed is certain.
→It is certain that she will succeed.
What he needs is more experience.
常见的it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置的句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句
It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder 等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well­known，announced等)＋that从句
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.
(4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
留意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。

(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。

【即时训练1】
用适当的连接词填空
1．What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
2．It is obvious that you've made a big mistake.
3．It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.
4．Why he did that wasn't quite clear.
5．It is still under discussion whether or not the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
◆宾语从句的考查要点
1．动词的宾语从句
(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。

We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.
I don't think you are right.
I don't suppose he cares，does he?
(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。

这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。

I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.
2．一般状况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
留意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。

We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.
(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后间或可能用到。

Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.
(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。

I'm sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.
【即时训练2】
用适当的连接词填空
1．The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
2．We've offered her the job，but I don't know whether/if she'll accept it.
3．The villagers have already known what we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.
4．His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out what he is trying to express.
5．Twenty students want to attend the class that is aimed at teaching how they should read first.
◆表语从句的考查要点
1．主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。

His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.
2．主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。

The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.
3．because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。

He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.
【即时训练3】
用适当的连接词填空
1．I am afraid he's more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.
2．I'd like to start my own business－that's what I'd do if I had the money.
3．The reason why he didn't go to school was that he fell ill.
4．He came late.That was because he got up late.
5．The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.
◆同位语从句的考查要点
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。

1．能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。

2．同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。

I have no idea what has happened to him.
3．有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词语隔开。

The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.
【即时训练4】
用适当的连接词填空
1．There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
2．When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.
3．I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.
4．The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.
5．The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.
◆语法与写作
依据提示翻译下面的句子
1．(2021·湖南高考·书面表达)父亲建议我们进行爬山竞赛。

(使用宾语从句)
My father suggested we climb the hill and have a match.
2．(2021·福建高考·书面表达)它显示了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心。

(使用同位语从句)
【导学号：36742161】
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families.
3．(2021·湖南高考·书面表达)我最在乎的是和你在一起的奇特记忆。

(使用主语从句)
What I care most is the wonderful memory of being together with you.
4．(2021·重庆高考·写作二)我的建议是你们应当资助一些项目让人们意识到长江江豚(finless porpoise)的严峻形势并去爱护它们。

(使用表语从句)
My suggestion is that you should finance some programmes to make people aware of the serious situation of the finless porpoise and protect them.
5．(2021·山东高考·写作)没有人否认这样一个事实：在这个过程中我们能够开阔视野。

(使用同位语从句)
No one can deny the fact that we can have our vision broadened in the process.
◆感悟高考
1．(2022·江苏高考)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A．why B．what
C．as D．that
【解析】考查主语从句。

句意：通常状况下，对于那些心存期望的人，一切皆有可能。

分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。

It is often the case
that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常状况下……”。

【答案】 D
2．(2022·天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that
C．which D．what
【解析】考查同位语从句。

句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。

要做的工作太多了。

分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项that。

【答案】 B
3．(2021·四川高考)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
A．where B．why
C．what D．which
【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。

句意：这次展览告知我们为什么我们该做些事情来阻挡大气污染。

此处的从句用来作动词tells的宾语，因此该从句是宾语从句；这个展览告知我们阻挡大气污染的“缘由”，所以此处要用why。

【答案】 B
4．(2021·安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ships are built for.
A．what B．whom
C．why D．when
【解析】本题考查表语从句的引导词。

句意：船停在港口是平安的，但那不是造船的本意。

从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。

why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。

【答案】 A
5．(2022·北京高考)The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
A．where B．when
C．how D．why
【解析】本题考查表语从句引导词的选择。

句意：对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。

设空处位于系动词was之后引导从句，故推断此处引导表语从句。

依据the best moment表示时间可知when正确。

where表示地点；how表示方式；why表示缘由。

【答案】 B
6．(2022·福建高考)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing you're afraid to do.
A．that B．what
C．how D．whether
【解析】本题考查名词性从句引导词的选择。

句意：振作起来。

英勇就是做你(明知自己)可怕做的事情。

分析句子结构可知，动词doing后接的是宾语从句，从句中do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。

【答案】 B
7．(2022·浙江高考)“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is
my mother used to tell me.
A．what B．how
C．that D．whether
【解析】本题考查名词性从句的引导词。

句意：“每次你吃甜点的时候，就喝点绿茶。

”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。

分析句子结构可知，空格后是表语从句，此处需要填写的是表语从句的引导词。

表语从句中，tell后接双宾语，故直接宾语用what替代。

【答案】 A
8．(2022·陕西高考) the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A．Why B．When
C．That D．What
【解析】本题考查名词性从句连接词的选择。

句意：那架延误的班机会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。

分析题意和句子结构可知，这是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句；再分析句子成分可知，主语从句the delayed flight will take off缺少状语，不缺少主语或宾
语，所以排解C、D两项。

that引导主语从句时，不充当句子成分。

依据分析可知，此处要表达的是延误的飞机什么时候起飞，由此排解A项，所以选择B项。

【答案】 B
【导学号：36742162】
9．(2022·重庆高考)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
A．when B．why
C．that D．how
【解析】本题考查同位语从句引导词的选择。

句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁高校的录用，这是真的吗？”“是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最宠爱的高校之一。

”idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。

依据that's one of his favorite universities(那是他最宠爱的高校之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁高校的缘由(why)所在，故B项正确。

when指时间，依据yesterday可排解；that引导同位语从句时无意义且不行省略；how指方式。

【答案】 B
10．(2022·四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's
I was born.”
A．when B．how
C．why D．where
【解析】本题考查表语从句的引导词。

when指时间；how指方式；why指缘由；where 指地点；由题干中的关键信息the hospital可知，此处是指“我诞生的地方”，故用where引导表语从句。

本题句意是：奶奶指着那家医院说，“那就是我诞生的地方。

”
【答案】 D
11．(2022·山东高考)It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A．where B．what
C．which D．why
【解析】本题考查宾语从句引导词的选择。

句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代世界奴隶的生活是什么样的。

本题中，imagine是及物动词，其后接的从句是宾语从句，而在宾语从句中，介词like后缺宾语，故用what引导宾语从句。

留意：A项where要在宾语从句中作地点状语，C项which引导宾语从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语等，但在语意上表示“哪一个”，D 项why在宾语从句中作缘由状语。

【答案】 B
12．(2021·陕西高考)It remains to be seen the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
【解析】题干的意思是：“新组建的委员会的政策是否会付诸实施还有待观看。

”该句包含一个由whether引导的主语从句“whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”，该主语从句不缺成分，所以排解B和C；由语境中的remains to be seen可知，“是否实施新政策”还有待观看，所以此处要用whether。

故选D。

【答案】 D。