2018年高考英语考点完全题文稿：专题一 语法基础 8 含

考点八并列句和状语从句
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。

1．He has plenty of money ________ he can spend it freely.
答案and考查并列句。

句意：他有许多钱并能够自由地支配。

根据句意可知，应填and，表示并列关系。

2．Jim said he was ill, ________ I saw him in the street just now.
答案yet考查并列句。

句意：吉姆说他生病了，然而我刚才在大街上看到了他。

yet“然而”，表转折关系。

3．—Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ________ he got home.
答案when考查时间状语从句。

答句句意：是的，当他到家时还不到八点钟。

when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。

4．The bike hit the tree ________ I could get off.
答案before考查时间状语从句。

句意：我还没来得及下自行车，就撞到树上了。

before“在……之前；还没来得及，就……”。

5．In time of serious accidents, ________ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
答案if考查条件状语从句。

句意：在出现严重的事故的时候，如果我们知道一些基本的急救知识的话，就能挽救很多生命。

if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。

6．The shops were closed ________ I didn't get any milk.
答案so考查并列句。

句意：商店关门了，因此我没有买到牛奶。

so“所以，因此”，表因果关系。

7．Leave it with me ________ I will see what I can do with it.
答案and考查并列句。

句意：把它留给我，我看看能怎么处理。

“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”是固定句式。

8．He was about to tell me the secret ________ someone patted him on the shoulder.
答案when考查并列句。

句意：他正要告诉我那个秘密，就在那时，有人拍他的肩膀。

when在此处是并列连词，相当于and at that time。

9．As we all know, some people waste food ________ others haven't enough.
答案while考查并列句。

while是并列连词，表示两种情况的对比，意为“而”。

10．It will be many years ________ the doctors and medical scientists can find cures for cancer.
答案before考查时间状语从句。

句意：要过很多年，医生和医学家们才能找到癌症的治疗方法。

“It will be＋一段时间＋before 从句”意为“要过多长时间才……”。

11．It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we've actually had that lesson.
答案until考查时间状语从句。

句意：对我们来说，从生活中吸取经验教训很难，直到我们真正有过那次教训。

until“直到……才”，符合句意。

12．Bad habits, ________ formed, are difficult, and sometimes impossible to shake off.
答案once考查时间状语从句。

句意：坏习惯一旦形成，就很难去掉，而且有时候不可能去掉。

once“一旦……”，符合句意。

13．We won't give up even ________ we should fail 100 times.
答案though/if考查让步状语从句。

句意：即使我们将失败100次也不会放弃。

even though/if“即使”。

14．________ the worker has limited technical knowledge, he has a lot of experience.
答案Though/Although考查让步状语从句。

句意：尽管技术知识有限，但是这位工人却有丰富的经验。

though/although“虽然；尽管”。

15．—How much did he charge you for repairing your iPhone?
—I don't remember, ________ it was quite a lot.
答案but'考查并列句。

句意：——他修你的苹果手机要了你多少钱？——我不记得了，但钱很多。

设空处前后两个分句是转折关系，故用并列连词but。

16．You may use the room as you like as long ________ you clean it up afterwards.
答案as考查条件状语从句。

句意：你可以随意使用这间屋子，只要你在用完之后把它打扫干净。

as long as“只要”。

17．All the dishes in this menu, ________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
答案unless考查条件状语从句。

句意：除非特别说明，否则这张菜单上的所有菜都够2至3人吃。

unless“除非，如果不”。

18．Don't drive so fast ________ you'll have an accident.
答案or考查并列句。

句意：不要开得那么快，否则会出车祸的。

“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”为固定句式。

19．Peter was so excited ________ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
答案when考查时间状语从句。

句意：当彼得收到朋友请他去重庆的邀请信时非常激动。

句中when引导时间状语从句。

20．Leave your key with a neighbor in ________ you lock yourself out one day.
答案case考查让步状语从句。

句意：留一把钥匙给邻居，以防有一天你把自己锁在外面。

in case“以防，万一”。

21．He got up early so ________ he could catch the first bus.
答案that考查目的状语从句。

句意：他起得很早，目的是赶上早班车。

so that引导目的状语从句。

22．He made a mistake, but he corrected the situation ________ it got worse.
答案before考查时间状语从句。

句意：他犯了个错误，但是在形势还没变得更糟糕之前就纠正了。

before“在……之前；趁着”。

23．Not only does the sun give us light ________ also it gives us heat.
答案but考查并列句。

句意：太阳不仅为我们提供光而且为我们提供热量。

not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，表并列关系。

24．It's been five years ________ he left.
答案since考查时间状语从句。

“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...”句式意为“自从……以来已经多长时间了”。

25．Hardly had I walked into the house ________ the phone rang.
答案when考查时间状语从句。

句意：我一走进房子电话就响起来了。

hardly...when...“一……就……”。

26．You must do the work ________ you are told.
答案as考查方式状语从句。

句意：你必须按照被告知的那样来完成这份工作。

as在句中引导方式状语从句。

27．Neither can I speak French ________ can I write it.
答案nor考查并列句。

句意：我既不会说法语也不会写。

neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，表并列关系。

28．Tom plays the violin better ________ Peter does.
答案than考查比较状语从句。

句意：汤姆拉小提琴比彼得好。

than在句中引导比较状语从句。

29．In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ________ there is human suffering.
答案wherever考查地点状语从句。

句意：在和平时期，人们也希望红十字会能把帮助送给有人受难的地方。

wherever“无论哪里”。

30．He tried his best to solve the problem, ________ difficult it was.
答案however考查让步状语从句。

句意：他竭尽全力去解决这个问题，无论问题有多难。

however“无论怎样”。

however 引导让步状语从句时，经常用“however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语”结构。

二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。

1．They wrote to the boss in order they could improve their working conditions.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案order 后加that in order that...“为了……”，固定用法，引导目的状语从句。

2．How long do you suppose it is when he arrived there?
_______________________________________________________ _
答案when→since句意：你估计他到那儿多长时间了？“It is ＋一段时间＋since从句(一般过去时)”意为“自从……到现在已经有……时间了”，是固定句式。

3．We were having a meeting while someone broke in.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案while→when“sb.was doing sth.when...”为固定句型，其中when用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。

4．It won't matter even he refuses.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案even后加if/though句意：即使他拒绝了也没关系。

even if/though“即使”。

5．He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he might have put it.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案whenever→wherever句意：他在他认为可能放过的任何地方去找字典。

wherever引导地点状语从句。

6．Next time that I plan to travel in London, I'm going to take a plane.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案去掉that或that改为when next time可视为连词，也可以视为时间状语。

7．Though the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案去掉but在although和though引导的让步状语从句中，主句里不可用but。

8．I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案when→since since“自从”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

9．She is American, and she knows little about American history.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案and→but逗号前后两个句子为转折关系。

10．She said to me, “I'll tell you the result of the test at the moment I know it.”
_______________________________________________________ _
答案去掉at the moment为连词，意思是“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。

类似用法的词还有：the minute/instant；instantly/immediately/directly等。

11．Read the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案第二个the前加and本句属于“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”固定句式。

12．Much since I like all the books, I can't afford to buy them.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案since→as/though当as表示“虽然，尽管”时，其引导的让步状语从句应用倒装句。

即将让步状语从句中作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词、作谓语的实义动词提前。

though也有此用法。

13．She has such little education that she is unfit for the job.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案such→so当修饰little(少), few, many, much时，只能用so，不能用such。

so...that结构中that引导结果状语从句。

14．It was quite a long time since I made it out what had happened.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案since→before在“It＋be＋一段时间＋before/since从句”句型中，连词before与since极易混淆。

用before引导时，句意是“过了多久才……”；用since引导时，其句意是“自从……以后已经多久了”。

根据句意判断，这里应用before。

15．Online shopping is very convenient that it has made our life colorful.
_______________________________________________________ _
答案very→so'so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句，应将very改为so。

并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成。

在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。

并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。

并列连词主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。

一、表示并列关系的连词
表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and..., not...but..., not only...but also, neither...nor..., either...or...等。

I came here in 2001, and I have lived here ever since.
Not only was the city polluted but also the streets were crowded.
二、表示选择关系的连词
表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。

Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
三、表示转折关系的连词
表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。

It's an old car, but it's very reliable.
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
四、表示因果关系的连词
表示因果关系的连词有for, so, therefore等。

It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
He got up late, so he didn't catch the early bus.
五、when也可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。

常用于下列句式：①Sb.was/were doing sth.when...②Sb.was/were about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...③Sb.had just done sth.when...。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
They were about to set off when it began to rain.
六、while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
七、“祈使句＋and/or/or else＋陈述句”固定句式
Study hard and you will succeed.
Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse.
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。

1．[2013·重庆高考]It's not easy to change habits, ________ with awareness and self control, it is possible.
答案but句意：改变习惯不容易，但是有了意识和自制力，它是可能的。

此处是转折关系，所以填but。

2．[2016·四川高考]It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
答案and句意：那是她要孕育一个新宝宝的时候，也是年轻的熊猫独立的时候。

前后句为顺承关系，故用and连接。

3．[2016·北京高考]I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
答案for句意：我不害怕明天，因为我见证了昨天，热爱今天。

语境表示因果关系，故用并列连词for，说明原因。

4．[2015·北京高考]He is a shy man，________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
答案but句意：他是一个害羞的人，但他不惧怕任何人和事。

空格处前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故用连词but。

5．[2014·全国卷Ⅰ]But the river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months.
答案or句意：但是河流不是几天甚至几个月就改变了的。

根据but及句意判断，此处要填一个表示递进含义的词，故用or。

or even“甚至”。

6．[2014·辽宁高考]It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well ________ strong.
答案as句意：它要求你表现得像水一样：坚强又柔韧。

as well as“除……之外，以及，和”，是固定短语，用来连接两个并列成分，但强调前者。

7．[2014·北京高考]Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places.
答案so句意：一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，所以植物可以传播到新的地方。

前后句之间存在因果关系，故填so“因此”。

8．[2014·天津高考]Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
答案and句意：如果你给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。

此处为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。

9．[2016·新疆师大月考]Should we choose a good major ________ a good university first?
答案or句意：我们应该先选好的专业还是好的大学？根据choose判断，a good major和a good university是选择关系，故填or。

10．[2016·安徽高中联考]Many colleges have club sports available ________ to meet a special interest or fill a gap where an inter-collegiate (校际的) team is not available.
答案either句意：许多大学有俱乐部体育运动不是为了满足特别的兴趣需要，就是为了填补校际联队不在的空缺。

根据对句子中or前后意思的分析可知，either...or...说明大学里进行俱乐部体育运动的两个作用。

11．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
答案as/when句意：经过一段时间，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样熟得更快。

as/when引导时间状语从句。

12．[2016·四川高考]________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
答案When/If句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭时，她来回摇晃它并且安慰地拍拍它。

此处可用when来引导时间状语从句，或用if 引导条件状语从句。

13．[2016·北京高考]I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
答案because句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮助我放松，让我不去想一天中别的烦心事。

根据句意可知，这里用because 引导原因状语从句。

14．[2015·北京高考]________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
答案Once/If句意：一旦/如果造成损害，农田恢复将需要很多年的时间。

once意为“一旦”。

15．[2015·江苏高考]It is so cold that you can't go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.
答案unless 句意：天太冷了，你不能出去，除非你被厚厚的衣服包裹得严严实实。

根据句意可知，应用unless。

此处unless fully covered＝unless you are fully covered。

16．[2015·天津高考]We need to get to the root of the problem ________ we can solve it.
答案before 句意：在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源所在。

根据句意可知，应用before。

17．[2015·浙江高考]Just ________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
答案as 句意：正如一个词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子可以改变一个段落的意思。

根据句意可知，应用as。

18．[2015·安徽高考]________ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
答案Although/Though/While 句意：虽然科学家已经了解了很多有关宇宙的东西，但是还有很多我们不知道的。

根据句意可知，应
填Although/Though/While，引导让步状语从句。

19．[2015·安徽高考]________ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
答案Where句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在决心再往前推进，持续不懈努力。

根据前后句的语境可知，此处应用where 引导地点状语从句。

20．[2016·陕西渭南模拟]Allow children space to voice their opinions even ________ they are different from yours.
答案if/though句意：即使孩子们的观点与你的不同，也要给孩子们表达他们观点的自由空间。

even if/though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。

21．[2016·洛阳统考]I used to love that film ________ I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more.
答案when句意：当我小的时候我经常爱看那部电影，但现在已经不爱看了。

此句中when引导时间状语从句。

22．[2015·重庆高考]If you miss this chance, it may be years ________you get another one.
答案before句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能过很多年才能再有一次机会。

该句为“it will/may be＋一段时间＋before...”句式，意为“将/可能过多久才……”。

23．[2017·辽宁质检]The medicine works more effectively ________ you drink some hot water after taking it.
答案if句意：如果吃药后再喝点热水，药物的效果会更好。

此处if引导条件状语从句。

24．[2016·山西期末调研]I was so nervous ________ I didn't catch the manager's name.
答案that句意：我太紧张了以致于没有听到经理的名字。

so...that...“如此……以致于……”，引导结果状语从句。

25．[2016·山东高三模拟]________ it is happiness or sorrow, it
would finally become memories of life.
答案Whether句意：无论是开心还是悲伤，最终都会成为生命中的回忆。

分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是一个让步状语从句，再根据后面的or可知，应用whether。

26．[2016·广西南宁测试]You have to move out of the way ________ the truck cannot get past you.
答案or句意：你得让让路，不然卡车过不去。

根据句子结构和句意可知，空格处应用or，意为“否则，不然”。

27．[2016·福建漳州质检]The government should attach great importance to the economic development ________ environmental protection.
答案and 句意：政府应该非常重视经济发展和环境保护。

the economic development和environmental protection为并列关系，故用and连接。

28．[2016·山东威海模拟]Thanks for your advice, ________ this is something I have to figure out myself.
答案but 句意：谢谢您的建议，但这是只有我自己才能解决的事情。

根据句意可知，此处表示转折，所以填but。

29．[2016·山东威海期中]My partner wants to keep the company small ________ I'd like to expand it.
答案while 句意：我的合伙人想把公司保持在一个小的规模，而我却想扩大它。

空格前后两个分句之间是对比关系，应该用while 连接，意为“而，然而”。

30．[2016·甘肃会宁联考]One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________ full one's schedule is in life.
答案how句意：无论一个人的生活日程有多么满，他总能设法做更多的事情。

“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，no matter how“无论多么……”。

二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。

1．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Though not very big, but the restaurant is
popular in our area.
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答案去掉but句意：餐馆虽然不大，却在我们这个区域很受欢迎。

though不和but连用，因though位于句首，故去掉but。

2．[2013·全国卷Ⅱ]I was glad to meet Jenny again, or I didn't want to spend all day with her.
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答案or→but句意：我很高兴再一次见到詹妮，但是我不想一整天时间都陪她。

从句意判断前后是转折关系，故把or改为but。

3．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.
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答案but→and句意：如果我们待在家里，会很舒服而且也没有必要花钱。

前后句之间是并列关系，而非转折关系。

4．[2016·四川高考]Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework.
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答案so→but句意：妈妈做全职工作，但是她得干大部分家务活。

前后句之间为转折关系，故应用but连接。

5．[2016·安徽合肥八中段考]Unfortunately I won't be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon.
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答案although→because/as句意：不幸的是，我不能去机场接你，因为我下午有课。

根据句意可知，前后两个句子是逻辑上的因果关系。

6．[2017·洛阳统考]She kept on turning back to see me unless we
couldn't see each other any longer.
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答案unless→until/till' until/till“直到”，引导时间状语从句。

7．[2017·沈阳模拟]The people's life here has become rich or colorful.
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答案or→and' rich与colorful为并列关系，故将or改为and。

8．[2015·陕西高考]I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.
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答案after→when/while 句意：我正在打包的时候掉了一些到地上。

根据句意可知，将after改为when/while。

9．[2015·浙江高考]If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
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答案If→Although/Though 句意：尽管当我在那个教室读书时还只是个孩子，但我永远不会忘记它。

根据句意可知，这是一个让步状语从句，故将If改为Although或Though。

10．[2016·南昌模拟]One day, I was cooking in the kitchen as the telephone rang.
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答案as→when' be doing sth.when...“正在做某事这时……”。

11．[2016·河北七校联考]Work hard, you will make much progress and realize your dream.
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答案you前加and'这是一个“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。

and表顺承关系。

12．[2016·衡水模拟]The short play was not funny but also instructive.
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答案not后加only' not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，其中only不可省略，also可以省略。

13．[2016·拉萨模拟]It isn't very cold, but you needn't bring many clothes with you.
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答案but→so' 由语境可知，前后两句为前因后果的关系，故用so连接。

14．[2016·衡阳八中二模]Some people think one should live to make money, and others, make money to live.
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答案and→but/while句意：有些人认为人生活就得赚钱；而另一些人认为赚钱就是为了生活。

分析前后两个句子的意思可知，后面句子与前面句子的意思相反。

15．[2015·陕西高考]I believe you will have a wonderful time here and you get to know everyone else.
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答案and→once句意：我相信，一旦你慢慢认识了其他人，你就会在这儿玩得很开心。

once引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”，符合语境。

状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1．when, while和as
when引导的从句的谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词；while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比；as引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，有“随着”之意，多用于主从句动作同时发生。

When/While my mother was cleaning the room, I was reading a novel.
The students took notes as they listened.
2．as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when等引导时间状语从句时，常译为“一……就……”。

3．before和since
before常译为“在……之前；还未来得及……就……；多久之后……才……；趁着”，句式为“It was/will be＋时间段＋before...”；since意为“自从……”，句式为“It is/has been＋时间段＋since...”。

You'd better write the phrases down before you forget them.
It's been ten years since we came here.
4．until和till
主句为肯定句时，主句谓语用延续性动词，指动作一直持续到从句谓语动作发生，意为“直到……”；主句为否定句时，主句谓语用短暂性动词，指动作一直到从句谓语动作发生时才开始，意为“直到……才……”。

I waited for him until school is over.
The boy didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
注意：名词(短语)each time, every time, next time, the first time等也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。

二、原因状语从句
原因状语从句一般用because, as, since等来引导。

because语气最强，表示必然的因果关系，用来回答why的提问。

since语气稍弱，表示对方已经知晓的原因或事实，意为“既然；因为；由于”。

as语气最弱，从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。

它表示的原因是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因。

He didn't go to school because he was ill.
Since it was late, I shall go home now.
As he wasn't there, we left a message.
三、结果状语从句
结果状语从句用so...that...，such...that, so that引导。

It was such delicious food that they ate it up.
The teacher spoke loud so that everybody heard him.
四、目的状语从句
目的状语从句用so that, in order that, in case引导，从句谓语常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。

当主从句主语一致时，可以把从句转化成不定式。

We turned on the light so that we could see clearly what it was.
→We turned on the light so as to see clearly what it was.
I don't think Susan will be sad but I'll go and comfort her in case she is.
五、让步状语从句
1．让步状语从句一般用(al)though, as, while, even though/if, no matter＋疑问词，疑问词-ever引导。

Though he had a cold, he still worked in his office.
He will come on time even if it rains.
2．as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语、状语、谓语部分的实义动词应置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，其前不能有冠词。

Try as he might, he still couldn't lift the big case.
Child as he is, he learns many things from the books.
3．疑问词-ever与“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句时可以互换。

Keep calm, whatever/no matter what happens.
Wherever/No matter where you go, I'll go with you.
注意：疑问词-ever既可以引导让步状语从句也可以引导名词性从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。

六、地点状语从句
地点状语从句用where，wherever引导。

Where there is smoke, there is fire.
You can put the book wherever you like.
七、条件状语从句
条件状语从句用if, unless, as/so long as等引导，unless相当于if...not。

I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.
I'm happy as long as you are happy.
八、方式状语从句
方式状语从句用as, as if/though引导。

as if/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气(但是当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气)。

The worker finished his work as the boss told him.
She treats her husband as if he were a stranger.
九、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as, than引导，从句中通常省略与主句相同的部分，或用助动词do, does, did代替与主句部分相同的谓语。

There are as many people in our town as (there are) in your town.
She's a better player than (she was) last year.。