2020届北京市崇文门中学高三英语期末试卷及答案

2020届北京市崇文门中学高三英语期末试卷及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Experts say that if food were a country, it would rank second behind theUSas one of the biggest greenhouse gas polluters. The reason is the rising demand for meat. Animal farming is responsible for 14.5 percent of global methane emissions. While cowsare the worst contributors, pigs, sheep, donkeys and other animals play a part as well.
Animal agriculture also causes land to become damaged, water to be polluted and forests to get destroyed. With the world population forecast to rise to 9.8 billion by 2050, things are only looking worse for our already decreasing natural resources. While going vegetarian would help, meat consumption is too deep-rooted in most Western diets to allow for such a sharp, permanent change. That is why experts are advocating substituting some of the beef, chicken, or pork with ordinary insects!
Insects, which grow into adults within a matter of months, if not weeks, are ready for consumption much faster than domestic animals. They also require much less room, use less water and food, and produce far less greenhouse gas than animals.
Of the 1.1 million insect species worldwide, scientists have identified 1,700 as eatable. Among them are ants, grasshoppers, grubs, and earthworms. Just like animals, each insect has a different taste. Tree worms taste just like pork, and grubs are similar to smoked meat.
While eating insects might be a new concept for Western people, over 2 billion people worldwide consume insects as a regular part of their diet. Besides being delicious, insects are high in protein, have very few calories, and are free of the saturated fat found in animal meat. Insects can be prepared in many ways. Creative cooks can use them to cook protein-rich soup, make baked treats, and even fry a few with vegetables. So eat insects--- both your body and Mother Earth will thank you for it!
1. Which of the following animals contribute the most to global methane emissions?
A. Sheep.
B. Donkeys.
C. Cows.
D. Pigs.
2. How is the third paragraph developed?
A. By making comparisons.
B. By providing examples.
C. By listing data.
D. By asking questions.
3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Few people eat insects regularly.
B. Ordinary insects are high in fat.
C. Insects contain various vitamins.
D. Saturated fat is harmful to health.
B
You've probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day, and as a general rule of thumb, that "more" is often defined as around 10,000 steps. With many Americans tracking their stepsvia new fitness-tracking wearables, or even just by carrying their phone, more and more people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living. Dr. Dreg Hager, professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at that 10,000-step rule, and he found that usingitas a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.
“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man, when he walked 10,000 steps a day burned something like 3,000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10,000 steps as a number” Hager said.
According to Hager, asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions, making it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise, even if it's walking. The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others. He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance. It seems that 10,000 steps may be suitable for the latter.
A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promote longevity (长寿).The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72. Researchers found that women who took 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years: Interestingly, women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.
4. What does the underlined word "it' in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The phone recording.
B. The 10,000-step rule.
C. The healthy living.
D. The fitness-tracking method.
5. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. How many steps a Japanese walks.
B. How we calculate the number of steps.
C. If burning 3,000 calories daily is scientific.
D. Where 10,000 steps a day came from.
6. Who will probably benefit from 10,000 steps each day according toHager?
A. Senior citizens.
B. Young short-legged people.
C. Healthy long-legged people
D. Weak individuals.
7. How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each day?
A. 4,400 steps.
B. 10,000 steps.
C. 2,700 steps.
D. 7,500 steps.
C
Is homeschooling good or bad? That is a question that many parents ask themselves. In my opinion, homeschooled kids can give reliable answers.
Kayla Murray, who lives inGreensboroNorth Carolina, started homeschooling almost eight years ago, after attending two local schools. “Homeschooling is school at home,” like the name says, but it’s not just that/ she says. “You're able to learn more and do more.”
Having experienced learning at both school and home, Kayla says that she prefers the latter. “With homeschooling, I can do schoolwork in my pajamas, and no one cares,” she says, “you also have more chances. Earlier this year, my family and I were able to take a short vacation and go to an air show. My siblings and I get to take the day off for our birthdays. This year, I spent that time reading and playing the piano and guitar.”
There are, however,drawbacksof being homeschooled, Kayla says, especially “the lack of people”. While she doesn't miss homework, al school, she did enjoy getting to see my friends every day.”
Matthew Dimmette, also fromGreensboro, used to be a homeschooler. He now attends public high school. He says being homeschooled is quite different from going to public school. The differences depend on how you arc homeschooled and the things you do. “For me, it wasn't really different in terms of the classes but the school environment was a big change atter hearting at home. says Matthew.
Talking about his homeschooling experience, Matthew says the best part of it was being able to learn what he wanted to. Yet the main disadvantage was that he couldn't do many experiments in homeschooling unless taking classes at different places. “My interest in science has been growing quickly in recent years, so I chose to go to public school,” he says.
8. What does Kayla like about learning at home?
A. She can spend her time more freely.
B. She can always stay with her siblings.
C. She can play the instruments she likes.
D. She can celebrate her birthday at home.
9. What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Concerns.
B. Reasons.
C. Changes.
D. Problem.
10. Why did Matthew choose to go to public school?
A. He wanted to make more friends.
B. He wanted to do experiments in labs.
C. He wanted to take all kinds of classes
D.He wanted to experience the school environment
11. What in the authors attitude cowards homeschooling?
A. Supportive.
B. Doubtful.
C. Uninterested.
D. Unclear.
D
Until quarantine (隔离期) ends, we are left picturing what sport we might do: working out at the gym, playing on a competitive sports team, swimming, biking, or rock climbing. However, we don’t often think of martial arts as possible activities; instead, we rule it out because we think it’s dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible. Martial arts aren’t considered a sport, right?
Well, here’s some good news: you’re wrong! Martial arts aren’t much more common than people think, and you can start learning at any age. Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape, both physically and mentally. They’re much less boring and much lessarduoussport than they’re usually described as in movies, so do not worry that they need a lot of effort.
Martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your legs and arms, sometimes even your breathing too. Think about it: when you leave the gym, your mental state has improved and you are much calmer. This is because you’ve only paid attention to one activity. It is a great way to clear your head. Andpracticing it can help you learn to stay more focused, which is the greatest advantage of martial arts training.
Martial arts also improve your coordination (协调性), and greatly improve your posture (姿势). I have personally seen students go from slouching (没精打采) to walking tall with their shoulders back in just a couple of months.
There are many styles and countless kinds of martial arts. Whichever one you like better, know that all of them are good choices.
12. What can we know about martial arts from the first two paragraphs?
A. They often have people hurt.
B. They are difficult to practice.
C. People have a wrong view on it.
D. People practice them more often.
13. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Interesting.
B. Difficult.
C. Friendly.
D. Exciting.
14. What is the biggest benefit of practicing martial arts?
A. Adjusting the breath.
B. Enjoying one’s free time.
C. Correcting the movement.
D. Keeping one’s attention.
15. What does the writer think of martial arts?
A. They are notsports.
B. They attracted many teenagers.
C. They are beneficial and helpful.
D. They were invented to protect others.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. Given that it's so easy to take up the sport, a lot of beginners jump right into running without actually knowing what it takes to establish a healthy routine.
___16___. If you are just starting out, avoid the following things to help you increase your chances of running success.
Doing too much too soon
One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is doing too much too soon. Picking up a new hobby like running is no doubt exciting. Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance.___17___.
___18___
Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth.___19___，especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven't yet been conditioned for such intense (剧烈的) exercise. So it's important to give your body ample rest between workouts. Follow atraining plan that includes rest days.
Comparing yourself to others
___20___, You're excited about running, so you are probably reading running blogs, magazines and message boards where you might start to feel inadequate about your own running pace. Instead of getting down on yourself，remember that every runner was once a beginner and use their success as motivation!
A. Not running every day
B. Not taking rest days
C. Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard on your body
D. As mentioned, a healthy routine is what theyattach importance to
E. When starting out with running, it's tough not to compare yourself to others
F. Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training or lead to injury
G. It will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue with your new running routine
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项One morning our new neighbor saw my grandfather planting two rare tree saplings(树苗）in our garden. And he also planted the same kind of tree saplings in his garden. My grandfather gave____21____enough amount of water to his plants and didn't always give them full___22___while our neighbor gave a lot of water to his plants and___23___them too well. My grandfather's plants were simple but looked good,___24___our neighbor's plants were much fuller and greener.
Normally, in summer, we have strong thunderstorms called "Kalboishakhi" which can bring great damage to life and___25___. After a "Kalboishakhi", my grandparents and I came out to____26____the damage to our garden and saw the neighbor was in his garden, too, but look___27___as his plants were uprooted. Our plants weren't damaged and were standing___28___on the ground, our neighbor was___29___to see this, and he came up to my grandfather and said with___30___, I actually looked after my plants better than you did for yours.___31___, my trees came off from the roots, but yours didn't. How is this___32___?"
My grandfather smiled and said, "You gave your plants more attention and water, so they didn’t have the___33___to work themselves for anything. I gave them just the ample amount of and manure (肥料），letting their___34___search for more;thus they went deeper and made their position stronger, That is why my plants____35____With an expression of deep___36___our neighbour nodded___37___It made me realize then that though my grandfather was___38___with me on many occasions even during our vacations with his do's and don'ts, I became aware that anything___39___got or can go off that much more easily and we will not___40___the hard work it takes earn those things. "
21. A. mainly B. nearly C. barely D. exactly
22. A. hope B. support C. time D. attention
23. A. dealt with B. looked after C. brought up D. waited on
24. A. and B. while C. so D. or
25. A. animals B. land C.environment D. possessions
26. A. predict B. analyze C. check D. confirm
27. A. tired B. upset C. bored D. ashamed
28. A. firm B. still C. bent D. abnormal
29. A. disappointed B. relieved C. frightened D. surprised
30. A. anger B. sorrow C. embarrassment D. anxiety
31. A. Anyway B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore
32. A. possible B. exciting C. alike D. suitable
33. A. reason B. need C. chance D. power
34. A. branches B. trunks C. leaves D. roots
35. A. survived B. twisted C. spread D. delayed
36. A. admiration B. doubt C. regret D. sadness
37. A. public B. peace C. approval D. turn
38. A. strict B. annoyed C. patient D. content
39. A. occasionally B. mistakenly C. secretly D. easily
40. A. understand B. accelerate C. oppose D. undertake
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Lots of cats love having cat companions, but if yours doesn't, it might act out by showing fear or aggression.
This doesn’t____41.____(necessary) mean you have to give one up! "Cats show great flexibility in____42.____(they) social behavior,” says Kristyn Vitale, a researcher at the Human-Animal Interaction Lab at Oregon State University, US.
She suggests____43.____(separate) the cats into different areas of the house and slowly reintroducing them to one another using a method____44.____(call) "Scent, Sight (遗臭)，Touch”：Take a toy or blanket from each cat and exchange them. Give each cat the other cat's scent item along____45.____lots of praise and rewards so they connect the smell with good things. After doing this a few times, set up a space____46.____the cats will be able to see one another through a physical barrier, like a screen door or gate. Then feed them, so they start to connect positive____47.____(feeling) with the sight of the other cat. After a few____48.____(success) feeding periods, you can try to introduce the cats without a barrier (障碍)——distract each cat with toys during their first meeting in the same room, so they have less time____49.____(worry).
“If owners go slow and give lots of rewards, many cats can learn to accept_____50._____companion cat," Vitale says.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的同。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Five years ago, my mom got sick and my dad had to gave up his bread business. After my mom became better, my dad chose to get back into the bread business again. He worked hardly to set up his shop and get everything ready, so no one came to buy bread. I decide to encourage people stop by the shop to buy some bread and cheer my dad up. So I created a post on the Internet say, “My dad is sad because no one is coming to his new bread shop.” Where I stopped by my dad's shop the following day, the line was very long that people were standing outside. My post got shared many time and my dad's business soon got much more bigger than I expected.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假设你和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期两个月的活动。

现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一篇英语发言稿，主要内容如下：
1.简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动：
2.谈谈你们开展该活动的收获。

注意：1.词数不少于120个；
2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Boys and girls，
Today I’ll talk about our English club .
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __
That’s all . Thank you .
参考答案
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. A 9. D 10. B 11. D
12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
16. F 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32.
A 33.
B 34. D 35. A 36.
C 37. C 38. A 39.
D 40. A
41. necessarily
42. their 43. separating
44. called 45. with
46. where 47. feelings
48. successful
49. to worry
50. a
51.(1).gave→give
(2).hardly→hard
(3).so→but
(4).decide→decided
(5).people后添加to
(6).say→saying
(7).Where→When
(8).very→so
(9).time→times
(10).去掉more
52.略。