辨别that引导的从句类型

辨别that引导的从句类型
怎样区分that引导的定语从句、同位语从句、主语从句和强调结构呢？可采用“成分法”“试加法”“试减法”“还原法”。

现分述如下：
（1）定语从句可用“成分法”即分析that引导的从句的句子成分，如果that在从句中充当主语或宾语，则此从句为定语从句。

①The matter that you were arguing about last night has been settled.
你们昨天晚上讨论的那个问题已经解决了。

②A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机就是可以飞的机器。

（2）同位语从句可用“试加法”，即在名词和从句之间加系动词be，使该名词和从句构成一个新的句子。

如果句子通顺、合乎逻辑，那么从句就是同位语从句。

③We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听说了我们队取胜的消息。

④The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
他什么也没有说，这使每个人都吃了一惊。

根据“试加法”，句③可改写为：The news was that our team had won.句④可改写为：The fact was that he had not said anything.改写后的句子③、④通顺，合乎逻辑，故that引导的从句为同位语从句。

（3）用it作形式主语的主语从句可用“还原法”，即把that引导的从句调到句首，去掉句首的it，再加句子剩余部分。

如新句子意思不变，合乎逻辑，则该从句为主语从句，否则为其它从句。

⑤It’s a rule that he gets up at six o’clock every morning.
他每天早上六点起床，这是一个规律。

⑥It’s clear that he has finished his homework. 很明显，他已经完成了作业。

按“还原法”，句⑤可构成新的句子：That he gets up at six o’clock every morning is a rule.句⑥可构成新的句子：That he has finished his homework is clear.句子⑤、⑥改写后意思通顺、合乎逻辑，故that从句为主语从句。

（4）强调结构采用“试减法”，即把句子中的“It be…that…”这一框架去掉，如果句子剩余部分（可以做位置上的调整）意思通顺，合乎逻辑，则that是强调结构的标志。

⑦It was five years ago that he joined the party. 他就是五年前参军的。

⑧It is you that are wrong. 错的就是你。

根据“试减法”句⑦可改成新句子：He joined the party five years ago.句⑧改为：You are wrong改写后的句子通顺，合乎逻辑，故句⑦、⑧为强调句型。

Exercises:
1．The news to Shanghai delighted all of them.
A.they would go
B. which they would go
C. that they would go
D. would go
2．I have read all the books you gave me.
A. one
B. that
C. what
D. it
3．is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There
B. This
C. That
D. It
4．Was it during the Second World War he died?
A.That
B. while
C. in which
D. when
5．Is it possible he misunderstood I said?
A.that, that
B. what, what
C. what, that
D. that, what
6．The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A.What
B. which
C. that
D. though
7．It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.
A.As
B. which
C. whether
D. that
8．It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money.
A.which, that
B. when, what C .as, that D. that, that 1．There is a saying which where there is a will, there is a way.
A B C D
2．My hometown is no longer the one what it used to be.
A B C D
3．The fact he was seriously ill made them worried.
A B C D
4．It’s well known which China is a developing country.
A B C D
5．It was yesterday when I saw Tom in the street.
A B C D
巩固练习：
1．We all know the truth the moon moves around the earth.
A.That
B. if
C. what
D. where
2．Was that I saw last night at the concert?
A.it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that yourself 3．We should consider the students’request the school library provide more books on English.
A.That
B. when
C. which
D. where
4．It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are.
A.One
B. that
C. what
D. it
5．It was simply for that reason I wouldn’t tell him the truth.
A.Why
B. that
C. which
D. so
6．It’s me who am the winner.
A B C D
7．It was at the school which was named after a hero where he spent his childhood.
A B C D
8．It was said that that was all what he said.
A B C D
9．It is the place that we had a camp a few days ago.
A B C D
10．Is it in that factory where “Red Flag” cars are produced?
A B C D
11．It’s a pity you won’t go with us.
A B C D
12．Was it in this library where you borrowed the book the other day
A B C D。