2019-2020年高中英语人教版必修三unit4 课文详解学案
高一英语必修三 UNIT 4课文详解
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
地球上生命的起源
课文讲解
Par 1
1.No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的，因为在很早很 早以前地球就形成了。 2.However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a "Big Bang" that threw matter in all directions. 然而， 一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大 爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。 3.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. 然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。
2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether 而不用 if 引导主语从句，
Whether she will come or not is st 代替主语从句： e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . It has not been decided yet when they will start .
Par 5
1.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animal s, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. 最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物 出现了，他们散布在地球的各个地方。 2.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他们接着成为这个行星上最重要 的动物。 3.But they are not looking after the earth very well. 然而，他们 对地球却不怎么在意，
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4语法导学案
live well, love lots, and laugh often.1自研课导学1. 背诵记忆情态动词的用法（早自习20分钟）2. 练习情态动词题（晚自习40分钟）【自学指导】In this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions, and then to discover and understand the noun clauses(The Subject Clause).【展示课导学】Learning aims ：Understand the Subject Clause and identify “it ” as Subject and the Stress Sentence.Important points and Difficult points :Learn to use the Subject Clause.Learning procedures:一、定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。
引导主语从句的连接词有： 连词that, whether ；连接代词who, what 和which ；连接副词when, where, how 和why.二、引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能1．连接词that 和whether/if(1)that 引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。
Eg. That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world. 大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。
(2)whether/if 引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4单元导学案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4单元导学案2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars(warming up and reading) Goals1.to enable the students to talk about Astronomy and origin of life on earth.2.to improve the students’ reading ablities of scanning and skimming-Lead-in questions to the topic of this unit1. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun What are their names?2.Do you know any questions that astronomers are interested in?Pre-reading1.The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about it?2.There are several ideas about the origin of life on earth and the idea in our passage is only one of them .ReadingI. Read the passage carefully and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 The formation(形成) of the earth.Para. 2 The importance of water for life.Para. 3 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe. Para. 4 The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5 The development of plants and animals on the earth.1.What are the three fundamental elements forus human beings to survive on the earth?Why was the earth different from other planets?3.Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?4.Why did green plants help life to develop?5.There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?6.What problem is caused by human beings?Post-readingWork in groups and discuss what impact human beings have on earth.,such as global warming.and get them to talk about the causes of global warming.Unit4 language pointsGoals1.to master the following words and expressions:in time;unlike;multiply;inturn;prevent…from;exist;puzzle;atmosphere; now that.2.to enable the students to analyse and understand complex sentences especiallynoun clauses观察in time的用法并总结They were in time to produce the water..( ).I’ll see him in time.( )She will be back in time to prepare dinner.( )与time相关的短语:in no time( ) at times( ) at a time ( ) once upon a time ( )on time ( ) at one time ( ) for the time being from time to time ( )at no time ( )阅读下面句子, 注意prevent ... from的意思和用法。
高中英语人教版必修三unit4WanrmingUpandReading教案
课 题： Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the starsPeriod 1 Wanrming Up and Reading教课目的： 1. Develop students ’reading ability and let them learn differentreading skills.2. Enable students to know about the development of the earth.教课难点： 1. Enable students to understand the passage and know aboutthe development of the earth.2. Let students learn how to use different reading skills fordifferent reading purposes.Skimming, discussion, individual work and group work.【自研课导学】1. Let students learn the useful words and expressions in this part: astronomy,system, religion,theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, atmosphere.2. Get students to learn about the development of the earth.【展现课导学】Step1: Leading-inHave a free talk with students.1. Let students discuss the following questions:Who are our ancestors?Do you know what it was like before life appeared on the earth?Do you know how life began on the earth?Do you want to get more information?2.Tell students:Today we will learn something about how life began on the earth. Turnto Page 25. Let ’s come to Warming Up first.Step2: Warming up二次备课 Let students think about the following questions and then discussthem with their partners.1 教课方法 : 教课过程：1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. What are they?Can you match the names with the planets?(P25)2.What interests you in astronomy? Do you know any questions that astronomersare interested in?Step3: Pre-reading1.Get students to discuss the questions with their partners.1)The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers.Whatdo you know about it?2)Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life beganon earth.What do you know about them?2.Ask them to read the title and look at the pictures. Predict what thereading will be about.Step4 : Reading1. Fast reading :ScanningGet the students to read the passage quickly . Give ten minutes tolook through the whole text and answer questions:1). What is the passage about?2). What’sthe main idea of the text?2.Detail readingChoose the best answer to each question according to the text.1). What is important for the beginning of life?A. The water on the earth.B. The earth’s atmosphere.C. The form of forests.D. Dissolving harmful gases.2)Which of the following appeared on the earth first?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.二次备课C.Amphibians.D.Shellfish and fish.23)Which of the following statements true?A.Water still exists on Mars.B.The earth’s atmosphere is made up of oxygen and nitrogen.C.The earth had dissolved the harmful atmosphere into the oceans and seas.D.Plants provide oxygen to the earth.4)What is the passage mainly about?A.The appearance and development of life on the earth.B.The birth of the earth.C.Why dinosaurs died out.D.The fact that human begings caused global warming.Suggested answers:(1) A (2) D (3) D(4) A【板书设计】_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________【教课反省】_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________3。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4课文阅读导学案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars课文阅读导学案编写人：审核人：审批人：使用时间：_________2 .Task II采用扫描式阅读（Scanning），培养获取整体信息概的能力。
3. Task III:仔细阅读（Careful Reading），训练细节阅读能力。
4 .Task IV整体回忆文章，迅速得出答案。
【分层目标】C层完成Task I，Task III。
B层完成Task I，Task II，Task III A层完成Task I，Task II，Task IIITask1. Skim the text on Page 25-26 for the first time and then match the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1a．The formation(形成) of the earth.Para.2 b．The importance of water for life.Para.3 c．A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para.4 d．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para.5 e．The development of plants and animals on the earth.Task II. Scan the text on Page 25-26 and judge the statements True (T) or False (F).1. Human beings have known the origin of the earth clearly so far. ( ) 2．The appearance of water made it possible for plants and animals to live on the earth. () 3．Plants first appeared on land and then in the water. ()4．Dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 thousand years. ()5．It is human beings that are not looking after the earth very well and have caused global warming. ()Task III: Read the text on Page 25-26 carefully and choose the best answer1．Why was the earth different from other planets?A．Because it produced a lot of heat. B．Because the water remained.C．Because the water disappeared. D．Because it was the oldest planet.2．Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?A．Because the earth had a solid shape.B．Because the earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.C．Because the water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.D．Because the earth was neither too hot nor too cold.3．Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?A．Because animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.B．Because plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.C．Because animals could hide from hunters in the forest.D．Because it was easier for plants to grow.4.What problem is caused by human beings?A They exist everywhere on the earth.B They cause global warming.C They find new methods of growing crops.D They enjoy hunting and fishing.5.Why did the plants grow before animals came?A Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.B Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.C Animals could hide from hunters in forest.D It was easier for plants to grow.6．It can be inferred from the text that .A．after a “Big Bang”，what the dust was to become remained a mysteryB．plants appeared before the animals C．plants multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygenD．plants played an important part in the appearance of the animals7．What is the main idea of the text?A．The formation of the earth. B．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth. C．The development of plants and animals on the earth.D．The origin of life on the earth.TaskⅣ. Summary :Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.The earth was just a cloud of energetic dust after the “Big Bang”．Then the dust 1. into a solid globe moving around the sun. The earth 2. loudly with fire and rock，to be 3. to produce many things，which made the earth’s atmosphere. Water stayed on the earth and people think it is important for the beginning of life. It allowed the earth to dissolve 4. gases. Then life began to develop. Plants were the start of changes. They 5. and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the 6. of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs and so on appeared after the first green plants appeared. Small clever animals 7. all over the earth. But they are not 8. the earth very well. Too much carbon dioxide is put into the atmosphere，which 9. heat from escaping from the earth into space. Whether life will continue 10. whether this problem can be solved.Task Ⅴ: Find out these useful phrases from Warming up, Pre-reading and Reading and translate them into English. (从中找出下列的重点词组,并且翻译成英语).1．______________及时；终于2．______________ 下蛋3．______________ 产生；分娩4．______________ 轮到某人；接着5．______________ 阻止；制止6．______________ 挡住(光线);使不回忆7．____________ 太阳系八大行星8．____________ 四面八方9．____________. 冷却10．____________ 充满着…..11．____________ 也；还有……12．____________ 与…….不同Task4 Task VI.Reread the test, complete and analyze find the following sentences (在文中找出重点句子，完成句子并分析)1. _______________________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8billion years ago when the dust ___________ a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么样没人知道，直到38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固定的球状物____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. The earth became so violent that ____________________the shape would last or not地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去_____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________3. _______________________ is that as the earth cooled down,, water began to appear on its surface.更重要的是地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, ______________________________.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
2019-2020年人教版高中英语必修三教学案：Unit 4 Section 1(含答案)
If you watch the sky about an hour after the sun goes down, youmay see some “moving stars”. But they're not real stars. Theyare man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the InternationalSpace Station (ISS国际空间站)．From now until July is the best season to watch the ISS flying overthe earth, and people can see it just with their eyes. The ISS is thebiggest man-made satellite because scientists want to live on it. Theythink that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space.People will stay and study there with many of the things they haveat home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built.The ISS is the most ambitious and expensive space programever. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year. Scientistshope that the ISS will be a stepping-stone for future space exploration.“The ISS will help us better understand the human body, explore spaceand study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better，”said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.China is not an ISS country, but it has helped with some of the experiments. China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out whatspace would do to it.The ISS is not finished yet. More than 100 parts need to be put on.Scientists hope it will be finished as soon as possible. After it'sfinished, more than 90% of the world's population will be able to seethe Space Station. So keep looking up, and maybe you'll see it get bigger.2019-2020年人教版高中英语必修三教学案：Unit 4 Section 1(含答案)[原文呈现][读文清障]HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago①. However, according to②a widely accepted③theory④，the universe began with⑤ a “Big Bang⑥”that threw matter in all directions⑦. After that, atoms⑧began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion⑨years after the “Big Bang”，the earth was still just a cloud of dust⑩. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe⑪. The earth became so violent⑫that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not⑬. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to⑭produce carbondioxide⑮，nitrogen ⑯，water vapour⑰and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere⑱. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down⑲，water began to appear on its surface. ①as it happened so long ago是as引导的原因状语从句。
2019-2020 学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4 Using language导学案
L: We use small engines to move around. To go left we push ____________and to go right we push the right one. We have to go very slowly because we don’t weigh anything in space. We can fly around like feathers.
L: First we had to get into__________. They’re verythickand carry all the _______we need to breathe. The suit also has _____________________so it can warm us if it’s too cold or cool us if it’s too hot. So it’s very heavy.
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三
Unit4Astronomy: of the stars
Using language
1.Skim the passage andanswer the following questions.
1）What’s the main idea of the passage?
time
gravity
weight
when the rocket began to rise into the air
___________(strong/weak)
__________ (light/heavy)
in space
2019-2020年新人教版高中英语必修三unit4《astronomythescienceofthestars》全单元教案.doc
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Ｉ．单元教学目标s as the subject.III．教材分析与教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以astronomy the science of the stars, the development of life, space travel and gravity为话题，通过本单元的几篇阅读材料使学生对以上问题有所了解，并通过文章中的一些探讨性的问题，比如，The earth may bee too hot for the lives on it. Then what will our future be? 使学生更好地了解我们的地球和我们的生活环境，并引发对“地球的将来如何”的热烈讨论，通过这些讨论激发学生对天文学了解和探究的强烈兴趣。
通过讨论登月球需要的物品和可能遇到的困难学会提出问题和解决问题的表达方法，并能就此写出一篇表达合理思路清晰的短文。
1.1 WARMING UP以讨论的形式通过三组问题引导学生讨论边缘科学，讨论科学的方法以及要成为真正的科学家所必须掌握的技能。
1.2 PRE-READING 主要让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。
在探讨生命起源的科学道理之前，让学生以听故事或讲故事的方式，交流有关宇宙的起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。
1.3 READING 讲述了地球上生命的起源。
水的形成使得地球有别于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。
科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，上百万年后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。
最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。
文章最后讲了令人深省的问题：The earth may bee too hot fo r the lives on it.1.4 PREHENDING通过四个选择填空题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解：地球上生命的起源和延续需要哪些条件？随后通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程。
2019-2020年高中英语人教版必修三unit4单元导学案 部分答案
English· Module 3（Unit 4）—【Using language】学习目标及要求：了解地球引力和失重的相关知识；熟记文章中的重点单词和短语。
探究主题展示一：Basic and new words and expressions in Using language1. 足够幸运做... lucky enough2. 有机会做... Have a change to do sth3. 进行一次太空之旅Make a trip into space 4. 向我解释explain to sb5. 出发be off6. 摆脱地球的重力escape the pull of theearth7. 减轻，减少v. lessen 8. 掉回到地球上fall back to the earth9. 现在离地球太远以至于感受不到它的拉力Be too far from the earthnow to feel its pull10. 感觉它的重力在拉我们feel its gravity pulling us11. 和地球上的拉力一样强As strong as the earth 12. 感到高兴，感到振奋cheer up13. 失重的漂浮者float weightlessly 14. 更轻松的移动move more freely15. 从太空舱的梯子上爬下来climb down the steps fromthe spaceship16. 往前走step forward17. 走了在地球上两倍的距离carry twice as far as on theearth18. 摔倒fall over19. 一些练习 a bit of practice 20. 既然，由于Now that21. 过了一会after a while 22. 找到了窍门get the hang of23. 和...一样难过as painful as 24. 返回地球return to the earth25. 突发，爆发break out 26. 被狠狠地推回到我们的座位上Push hard into our seats探究主题展示二：书面表达（满分25分）假如你是林涛，是名中学生，你对部分同学沉迷于电子游戏（video games）的现象很着急，便给一家报社写封信。
高中英语Unit4 解决问题型说明文学案含解析新人教版必修3
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsSection ⅣWriting——解决问题型说明文解决问题型说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。
一、基本结构此类作文的篇章结构如下：第一部分：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；第二部分：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；第三部分：针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。
二、增分佳句1．If I did...，I would do...2．...so＋adj....that...3．...prevent...from doing...4．Only in this way...后面用倒装5．I might do...[题目要求]随着科学技术的发展，人类去太空旅游将不再是遥远的梦想。
假设你是李华，对太空探索极感兴趣，现在请你写一篇100词左右的英语短文，设想在今年暑假去太空旅游，如何克服失重条件下的吃饭和喝水的问题。
第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一人称；3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思1．开篇：提出失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。
2．主体：分析和解决失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。
3．总结：简要评论。
第二步：核心词汇想周全1．gravity 重力2．float 飘浮3．prevent...from... 阻止……4．solve 解决5．try/have_a_try 尝试6．in_time 迟早；终于第三步：由词扩句雏形现1．如果我去太空旅游，会有一个问题。
If I went to travel in space, there_would_be_a_problem.2．我可能要面对一个问题。
I might be_faced_with a problem.3．在外太空，重力很弱。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4 Reading学案及答案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars—Reading学案主编：审核：编号：3401班级：______ 姓名：________ 使用日期：_________【学习目标】：1. To learn some useful words and expressions in the text.2. To learn the development of life.3. To improve some reading skills, and learn the organization of the text.4. Train Ss’ interests in science and stimulate their love for astronomy.【教学重点】：1. Get the Ss to know the development of life.2. To improve the student s’ reading ability.【Teaching procedures】课前预习【Pre-Class】：Vocabulary learning. 【Write and Read】I.单词检测1．__________ n．天文学2．__________ n．系统；体系；制度3．__________ n．宗教；宗教信仰__________ adj.宗教的；信仰宗教的4．__________ n．学说；理论5．__________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的__________ n．暴力6．__________ n．大气层；气氛7．__________ prep.与……不同；不像8．__________ adj.基本的；基础的9．__________ adj.有害的__________ n. &vt.伤害；损害10．__________ n．链子；连锁；锁链11．__________ vi.&vt.乘；增加12．__________ vi.生存；存在__________ n．存在13．__________ adv.因此；于是14．__________ n．迷；难题；vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难II. 重点短语1．____________依靠；依赖；取决于2．___________ 及时；终于3．____________ 各种各样的4．_____________ 下蛋5. ________________ 产生；分娩6．_____________ 轮到某人7．________________ 阻止；制止【课堂探究】Step1 lead in-warming up1. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. What are they?(Note：According to the present day scientific study, there are only eight planets, with the Pluto excluded.) Keys: The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.2. Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know?Step2 Pre-reading1.The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about the scientific theory on the earth?2. Read the title and predict what the reading will be about, then check if you are right.Step3 Reading ComprehendingI. Skimming-Skim the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.Para. 1 _____ A．The formation(形成) of the earth.Para. 2 _____ B．The importance of water for life.Para. 3 ______ C．A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para. 4 ______ D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5 _______ E．The development of plants and animals on the earth.Ⅱ. True(T) or False(F)．1．It was not until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago that people knew what the earth was to become. ( ) 2．Water began to appear on the surface of the earth before gases were produced. ( )3．The global warming will have a great effect on human beings. ( )Ⅲ. Choose the best answer according to the text.1．What began to appear on the earth's surface when it cooled down?A．Water. B．Gases. C．Acids.2．From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is ________.A．confident B．sad C．concerned3．What does the word “they” in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and. . .” refer to?A．Planets. B．Fire and rock. C．Gases.4．Which is the right order of the development of life?A．Small clever animals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→small clever animals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→small c lever animals.5．Why were mammals different from other life forms?A．Because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.B．Because they produced young generally by laying eggs.C．Because they were able to live on land as well as in the water.IV. Fill in the blanks according to the text.【课堂巩固练习】Fill in the blanks according to the reading passage.For several billion years after the “Big Bang” ，the earth was just 1._____ cloud of dust. Between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago，the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent and it exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 2. __________(produce) many things，which were to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on 3.______ surface. The continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve 4.__________ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction，which made 5._________ possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later，the first extremely small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 6. _________ oxygen. This encouraged the later 7.____________(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Finally，some small clever animals，now with hands and feet ，appeared and spread all over the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 8. _________ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 9. _______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10. ____ ( solve ).Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars—Reading学案参考答案Step1 Vocabulary learningⅠ. 单词检测1．astronomy n．天文学2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教的；信仰宗教的4．theory n．学说；理论5．violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n．暴力6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像8．fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的9．harmful adj. 有害的harm n. &vt. 伤害；损害10．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链11．multiply vi. &vt. 乘；增加12．exist vi. 生存；存在existence n．存在13．thus adv. 因此；于是14．puzzle n．迷；难题；vt. &vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难Ⅱ. 短语默写1．depend on依靠；依赖；取决于2．in time及时；终于3．all sorts of各种各样的4．lay eggs下蛋5．give birth to 产生；分娩6．in one's turn 轮到某人7．prevent. . . from 阻止；制止Step3 Reading ComprehendingⅠ. Match the main idea with each paragraph.Para. 1(C) A．The formation(形成) of the earth.Para. 2(A) B．The importance of water for life.Para. 3(B) C．A widely accepted theory about theformation of the universe.Para. 4(E) D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5(D) E．The development of plants and animals on the earth.Ⅱ. True(T) or False(F)．1．It was not until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago that people knew what the earth was to become. (T) 2．Water began to appear on the surface of the earth before gases were produced. (F)3．The global warming will have a great effect on human beings. (T)Ⅲ. Choose the best answer according to the text.1．What began to appear on the earth's surface when it cooled down?A．Water. B．Gases. C．Acids.答案 A2．From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is ________.A．confident B．sad C．concerned答案 C3．What does the word “they” in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and. . .” refer to?A．Planets. B．Fire and rock. C．Gases.答案 B4．Which is the right order of the development of life?A．Small clever animals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→small clever animals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→small clever animals.答案 C5．Why were mammals different from other life forms?A．Because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.B．Because they produced young generally by laying eggs.C．Because they were able to live on land as well as in the water.答案 AIV．Fill in the blanks according to the text.【课堂巩固练习】Fill in the blanks according to the reading passage.For several billion years after the “Big Bang” ，the earth was just 1._____ cloud of dust. Between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago，the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent and it exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 2. __________(produce) many things，which were to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooleddown，water began to appear on 3.______ surface. The continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve 4.__________ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction，which made 5._________ possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later，the first extremely small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 6._________ oxygen. This encouraged the later 7.____________(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Finally，some small clever animals，now with hands and feet ，appeared and spread all over the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 8. _________ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 9. _______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can10.____________( solve ).参考答案：1. a 2. to produce 3. its 4. harmful 5. it 6. with7. development 8. which 9. Whether 10. be solved。
人教新课标高中英语必修三Unit4Astronomy全单元详细教案
Unit 4 Astronomy: thescience of the starsContents 目录一、单元教学目标和要求(Teaching aims and demands)二、教材内容分析(Analysis of the teaching materials)三、单元预习任务(Pre-unit task）四、教学安排(Teaching arrangements)五、教学步骤(Teaching procedures)六、背景参考资料(Background knowledge)七、评价与反思(Assessment and reflection)一、教学目标和要求(Teaching aims and demands)根据《英语新课程标准》（实验稿）关于总目标的具体描述，结合高一学生实际和教材内容，我们将教学目标分为语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识五个方面。
1．语言知识（Knowledge）词汇（Vocabulary）：能理解、内化、运用以下生词--atmosphere, violent--violence, solid, explode, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful—harm, development—develop, spread, method, presence, telescope, disappointed, force, gradually, float, mass,短语(Phrases and expressions)：the solar system, in time, carbon dioxide, prevent… from, depend on, cheer up, now that, break out,功能(Functions)：学习掌握一些用于陈述问题及给予意见的结构，如：My problem/ trouble is……? The difficulty / question is…My advice/ suggestion is…What I think about it is…Please pay attention to…Make sure you …Watch out for…语法(Grammar)：掌握和运用主语从句。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第三册学案：Unit 4 Space Expl
姓名，年级：时间：Section C Reading for Writing 学习目标1、学会本节单词、短语2、学会写正反观点的议论文.词汇运用1.argue词性：____________ 意思：_____________argue with sb。
about sth。
就某事和某人争辩argue for... 为……而辩论argue that… 主张……练习：Listen! I am not going to _____________you.2.attach词性:____________ 意思：_____________attach…to…把……系到/贴到/附在某物上b e attached to… 喜欢，依恋，附属于a ttach importance to … 认为……重要练习：This hospital _________________the nearby medical college。
这家医院属于附近的那所医学院。
3.limited词性：____________ 意思：_____________limit v。
限定,限制 n。
限制,限度l imit… to… 把……限制在……内 be limite d to…局限于……t here is a/no limit to … ……有/没有限度 over a limit 超出限度练习：(1)________________the amount of pain one can bear。
一个人能忍受的限度是有限的。
（2)With ________（limit）time and attention, we have to be carefulabout what we look for and what we pay attention to。
4.result in意思：_____________result from 产生于……，由……引起as a result 结果 as a result of 作为……的结果，由于练习：(1）Success ______________hard work。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三unit4全单元导学案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Guided Learning Plan Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsPeriods 1 &2 Warming-up, Pre-reading and Reading学习重点：1.理解课文，掌握课文中的基础知识。
2.了解太空的背景知识，培养学生的科学探索精神。
学习难点：把握文章的写作顺序，培养快速阅读与整体理解能力。
学法指导：1.快速阅读，掌握课文大意 2. 细读，掌握课文情节和细节，用红笔画出难点 3.通过合作探究主动质疑，学会总结文章段落大意，深入理解课文内容。
A.自主探究Task 1 fast readingSkimming: Go through the passage quickly to get the main idea of each paragraphPara. 1 The formation(形成) of the earth.Para. 2 The importance of water for life.Para. 3 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para. 4 The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5 The development of plants and animals on the earth.Task2:True (T) or False (F).1. The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.( )2. The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen. ( )3. The main difference between the earth and other planets is that there is water on the earth. ( )4. Life began in water and then on land.( )5. Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.( )6. Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.( )7. Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming on the earth.( )8. According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end. ( )B.合作探究Careful reading:Task1.Scan for the detailed information and find the part talking about the development of life：a cloud of ______→ a solid ______→presence of ______→ small _____ in water → _______ and all sorts of fish → Green ____ on land → ______ and ______ appear → Plants grew into _______ → _____ (on land) →__________( on land) → __________ (on land) →____________ (small clever animals on land)Task2.Read the passage again and try to finish the answers below.1).Why was the earth different from other planets?2).Why did the plants grow before the animals came?3).Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?4).Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?5).There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?6).What problem is caused by human beings?C.反馈测试根据课文完成短文并复述课文The _________of the earth produced water vapour, which turned into water when the earth ________down. Water allowed the earth to ________harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. The arrival of small________ encouraged the development of early shellfish and all ________of fish. Many millions of years later the first________ plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared. Some were insects. At last________ rule the world, but they are not taking _________of the earth very well.D.延伸拓展根据所给首字母或中文意思填写单词。
人教版高中英语必修第三册Unit 4 阅读课教学设计和导学案
阅读课：太空-最后的边境（新人教必修三第四单元）教学设计&导学案文本解读该板块以“了解太空探索的发展历程”为活动主题，文章按照时间顺序简要介绍了人类探索太空的历史，共有五个段落，分别叙述了以下内容：（1）人类一直对未知的太空充满好奇心；（2）从20世纪中期开始，美国和苏联在太空探索领域取得了举世瞩目的成就；（3）尽管遭遇了一些挫折和灾难，通往太空之路也充满艰险，但人类探索太空的决心不曾改变；（4）中国的太空探索计划虽然起步较晚，但是发展迅速，成就显著；（5）人类探索太空的脚步会越迈越远，前途也将是一片光明。
除了列举一些著名的历史性事件以外，文章还对科学家和宇航员们不畏困难、刻苦钻研、勇担重任、无私奉献的精神表达出赞美之情。
文本特点该板块的阅读语篇是一篇科普文。
科普文章的读者是大众化人群，而非专业领域的学习者或研究者，因此，这一篇体裁的核心目标在于既要抓住科学方法和科学事实，又要保持语言通俗易懂。
设计理念基于文章主线”the development of space exploration”展开文本阅读，从中穿插深度思考Why was space exploration mainly carried out by the USSR and the US in the 20th century? Why has China made great progress in space exploration in the 21st century? What does the title “Space: The Final Frontier” mean?教学步骤（1）教师首先以一段人类探索太空的视频为导入，让学生大致了解人类太空的发展史，为接下来阅读的展开做好铺垫；（2）学生阅读活动2的四个句子然后阅读课文完成活动2及活动3，此环节教师先引导学生学会找topic sentence，如果没有，学生阅读第40页Summarize the main idea的策略提示，然后再总结段落大意；（3）学生再次阅读文本: I. 通过表格的形式展示出Para 2&4中的人类探索太空的历史，并且思考Why was space exploration mainly carried out by the USSR and the US in the 20th century? 以及21世纪中国航天发生了哪些变化？为什么？该环节主要让学生了解人类太空探索的发展历程及重大历史事件，另一方面帮助学生了解我国在太空探索领域所取得的辉煌成就以及对人类太空探索事业的贡献，从而坚定文化自信，增强爱国情怀和民族自豪感；II. 根据Para3中信息学生可以了解人类为探索浩瀚的宇宙付出了生命的代价，引导学生思考What is the importance of carrying on space exploration? III. 总结Para 5中未来太空探索的目标；（4）讨论文章标题。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4 reading 导学案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsReading: 导学案Step1: Review of the astronomyPart1: Read the following statements, judge them true or false.1. The earth moves around the sun. ( )2. It takes the moon one day to move around the earth. ( )3. Earth is the only planet moving around the sun. ( )4. There is atmosphere on the moon. ( )5. Venus is the hottest planet in solar system. ( )Part 2: Multiple choice: please choose the right answers.1. _____ is the nearest planet from the sun ?A. Venus B Mars C. Mercury D. Uranus2. _____ is the biggest planet in the solar system?A. MarsB. Pluto(冥王星)C. EarthD. Jupiter3._____ was the first person landing on the moon?A. ArmstrongB. Yang liweiC. Tom CruiseD. Issac Newton4. When did Armstrong land on the moon? ______A. 1921B. 1969C. 1954D. 19495. When did Yang Liwei go to the space?A. Oct,2003B. Jan,2003C. Oct,2004D. Jan,2002 Step2: Fast readingPart1: Read the passage quickly, and then Judge the statements true or false.1. The force of gravity would change four times on their journey . ( )2. When they were on the moon, they would not feel the gravity because therewas no gravity on the moon. ( )3. Since the gravity has changed, their walk didn’t need a lot of practice. ( )Step3: Detail readingPart1: Read Para 2 carefully and underline 3 sentences that are about the changes of the force of the gravity and his weight. (as he left, in space, on the moon)Part2: Read Para 3 and fill in the blanks.When we got there, I wanted to ________immediately.“Come on,”I said.“if you are right, my ______will be_________ on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will________move more_______. I might even grow______if I stay here______”Part3: Read Para. 4 and answer the following questions:Was their returning painful?What happened to the spaceship?Step4 Summary:Last month I visited the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of g_____ would change three times on our journey. Then we took off. As we left the earth, I became very h_______gradually the weight l_______. When I was in space, it d__________. We f_______ weightlessly in the cabin and I c_____ ___. When I was on the moon, I was surprised to find out even walking needs lots of practice n__ ____ gravity changed. The returning of the earth was very f_________. We were amazed to watch fire b____ ____ on the outside of the ship.Step5: Language points1. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our space cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.cheer up: ______________________________Translation:(1). 当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4全单元教案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Ｉ．单元教学目标II．目标语言III．教材分析与教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以astronomy: the science of the stars, the development of life, space travel and gravity为话题，通过本单元的几篇阅读材料使学生对以上问题有所了解，并通过文章中的一些探讨性的问题，比如，The earth may become too hot for the lives on it. Then what will our future be? 使学生更好地了解我们的地球和我们的生活环境，并引发对“地球的将来如何”的热烈讨论，通过这些讨论激发学生对天文学了解和探究的强烈兴趣。
通过讨论登月球需要的物品和可能遇到的困难学会提出问题和解决问题的表达方法，并能就此写出一篇表达合理思路清晰的短文。
1.1 WARMING UP以讨论的形式通过三组问题引导学生讨论边缘科学，讨论科学的方法以及要成为真正的科学家所必须掌握的技能。
1.2 PRE-READING 主要让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。
在探讨生命起源的科学道理之前，让学生以听故事或讲故事的方式，交流有关宇宙的起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。
1.3 READING 讲述了地球上生命的起源。
水的形成使得地球有别于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。
科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，上百万年后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。
最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。
文章最后讲了令人深省的问题：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.1.4 COMPREHENDING通过四个选择填空题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解：地球上生命的起源和延续需要哪些条件？随后通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程。
2019新人教高中英语选择性必修三Unit 4--Reading and Thinking公开课教案
2019新人教高中英语选择性必修三Unit 4 Adversity and courageReading and Thinking公开课教案Teaching aims:1.Enable students to find out the five elements of the article and summarize the main idea of each diary.2.Guide students to figure out the important events that happened during the expedition and understand their adversity that they faced.3.Help students to grasp the change of the author’s feelings and infer the characters’ traits based on their words or actions.Teaching key points:1.Help students summarize the main idea of each diary according to the genre.2.Lead students to understand the adversity that the expedition faced.3.Enlighten students to infer the characters’ traits and emotions by analyzing their words and actions.Teaching difficult points:1.Lead students to grasp the change of the author’s feelings.2.Lead students to express their opinions on the characters’ traits.Teaching procedures:StepⅠLead-inActivity 1Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer and fill in the blanks.Conditions What kind of person do you think is qualifiedsmall wagesbitter coldlong months of completedarknessconstant dangersafe return uncertainSuggested answers:Conditions What kind of person do you think is qualifiedsmall wages not care much about moneybitter cold adapt to the extreme weather conditionslong months ofshow perseverance,not afraid of loneliness complete darknessconstant danger have courage,cooperate with others,be experiencedsafe returnbe optimistic,be positiveuncertainActivity 2Would you like to join an expedition like this?Why or why not?Suggested answers:I would like to join an expedition like this.Although it would be extremely tough,the sense of achievement I would get from doing it would be worth it.I don’t think I could get the same feeling from anything else.StepⅠ Overall UnderstandingAsk students to go through the passage,find out the following elements and the main idea of each diary.Five key elements:Who:____________________________________When:_____________________________________Where:______________________________________How(transportation):___________________________What:Suggested answers:Who:Sir Ernest Shackleton,Perce Blackborow and other sailorsWhen:From 1914-1916Where:In AntarcticaHow (transportation):By the Endurance and small boatsDairy 1:Blackborow joined the expedition.Dairy 2:We stuck in the ice and abandoned the Endurance.Dairy 3:Ernest Shackleton left for South Georgia Island to ask for help and other sailors stayed together to wait for help to come.StepⅠ Textual AnalysisDairy 1:Find the information about how Blackborow joined the expedition and fill in the blanks in your own words.Suggested answers:At the very beginning,Perce Blackborow bought a newspaper and was excited when reading the advertisement about the expedition.Then he applied to join the expedition.However,he was turned down by Shackleton because he was too young and not qualified.Later he secretly went aboard the Endurance,but he was discovered after threedays.Finally he was assigned to be a steward and serve meal for the crew.Dairy 2:Answer the following questions1.After the ship got crushed and sank,what did the crew members have to do?2.Why did Shackleton throw away all his gold?3.Why did he allow Hussey to keep his banjo?Suggested answers:1.The crew had to abandon it,collect essential supplies and camp on the ice.2.First,now that he didn’t allow other sailors to keep their personal belongings,as the leader of the expedition,he must set an example for them.Second,when their survival was uncertain,gold was just a burden.3.To keep their spirits up.Dairy 3:Act out a drama according to the diary(N=Narrator B=Blackborow S=Shackleton W=Wild)N:They have been struggling for days,but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.They are now crowded together under one of their boats on the rocky shore.S:Now I must leave for.........StepⅠ Figure out how Blackborow’s feelings change as the days passed.Suggested answers：①excited,full of expectation②enthusiastic,determined③satisfied,hopeful,excited④worried,uncertain⑤angry,impatient⑥grateful,hopefulStepⅠCreative ThinkingWhat personal qualities did Shackleton and Blackborow exhibit?Find examples from the text to support your answers.(Ernest Shackleton)(Perce Blackborow)Suggested answers:第一篇日记中关于Shackleton的描写:“Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.” From the sentence we can infer that Shackleton was a responsible leader.Obviously he really needed people to work for him,but the expedition was very dangerous for new hands.同时第一篇日记关于Blackborow的描写:“But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went...” From the sentence we can infer Blackborow is so determined to join the expedition.StepⅥGroup WorkRetell the text by role play:one student acts as an interviewer,three other students act as Shackleton,Blackborow and Wild respectively.Step Ⅰ SummaryMy name is Perce Blackborow and I have been dreaming of 1.________ expedition to Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton.One day,I read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition in the newspaper,but when 2.(apply) to join it,I was turned down because I was too young and inexperienced.Then I got aboard the ship without 3.(permit) and hid in a small cupboard,but 4.(discover) three days later.Shackleton assigned me to be a steward,and I cooked for twenty-eight men.How 5.(excite) I was! However,the voyage didn’t go 6.(smooth) and our ship became stuck 7.the ice and got crushed.Before abandoning the ship,we were only allowed to take some of our necessities and the crew had to camp on ice.However,with spring 8.________ (come),the ice began to melt.Having struggled for days,the conditions on Elephant Island were going from bad to worse.Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island,9._______ is 1,330 kilometres away.There was no food on the island except seals or penguins we sometimes caught.I was in low spirits.However,with the genuine concern of Frank and Ernest,I was filled with hope and thought there was a chance we 10.________ (return) home,after all.Suggested answers:1.an2.applying3.permission4.was discovered5.excited6.smoothly7.ining9.which10.would return。
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2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science Of The Stars天文学：恒星的科学II．Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH 地球上的生命是怎样开始的No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 由于地球的产生是那么的久远，所以没有人确切知道地球是怎样产生的。
【注释：as it happened 碰巧eg. They were all out, as it happened.真巧, 他们全出去了。
】However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions.然而，根据一个广泛接受的理论，宇宙开始于一次“创世大爆炸”，该爆炸将物质抛向各个方向。
【注释：in all directions四面八方；各个方向eg. The birds flew away in all directions when he fired a salute with a“bang”.当他“砰”的一声鸣礼炮时，鸟飞向各个方向。
】After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.之后，原子开始形成，并结合形成恒星和其他物体。
For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.就在“宇宙大爆炸”之后的几十亿年间，地球依然是一团尘埃。
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.这一团尘埃会变成什么还不能确定，直到45亿至38亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固定的球体。
【注释：settle into有头绪, 上正轨eg. Things soon settled into shape.事情很快有了头绪。
】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此剧烈，以致于它能否持续下来还不清楚。
【注释：①so… that…如此…以致于…：eg. The words tumbled out so fast that I could barely hear them.话说得那么快，我几乎都听不清。
②it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether the shape would last or not.】It exploded loudly with fire and rock. “大爆炸”发生时伴有(艳丽的)火焰和岩石。
【注释：explode vt. & vi.使爆炸；爆发explode with anger勃然大怒；explode with laughter哄然大笑；explode into laughte r突然大笑起来；explode into pieces炸得粉碎。
如：Many people were injured when the boiler exploded.锅炉爆炸时，许多人受了伤。
】They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.他们最终形成了碳、氮、水蒸气和其它气体，而这些就构成了地球的大气。
【注释：in time (1)迟早, 最后eg. In time you'llforget him.你迟早会忘了他的。
(2)及时, 不迟eg. He is believed to arrive in time.相信他会及时到达。
against time争分夺秒地，尽快地eg. he was working against time.他正争分夺秒地工作。
ahead of time 提前，提早eg. We completed the work five days ahead of time.我们提前五天完成工作。
all the time一直，始终eg. I have been busy all the time.我一直很忙。
at no time绝不，在任何情况下都不eg. At no time will we give up.我们绝不屈服。
in no time立刻，马上eg. I'll be back in no time.我马上就回来。
at one time曾经；at a time一次；at the same time同时，然而，可是；from time to time有时，偶尔考题：1. ______，I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on studying hard, and you’ll succeed _______.”A．At a time；in time B．At a time；on time C．At one time；in time D．At one time；on time2. —Does he often ask you for help? —Oh，no，only________.A．all the time B．at one time C．at a time D．at times3．—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday. —________.A．Don’t be afraid B．Be careful C．Not at all D．Take your time】What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.更为重要的是：当地球冷却下来后，水开始在地球表面出现了。
【注释：①what is even more important 是由what引导的名词从句作主语；that…on its surface是由that引导的名词从句作表语，系表语从句，在这个表语从句中又含有由as引导的时间状语从句。
②what is more而且, 此外; 更有甚者eg. They are going to get married, and what's more they are setting up in business together.他们就要结婚了, 而且还要一起做生意呢。
】Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.水在其它行星上如火星也出现过，不过，不像地球上，它消失了。
It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.（但），这并没有立刻就表明：水是生命发展的必要部分。
【注释：①fundamental adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的eg. Fresh air is fundamental to good health.新鲜空气对健康是不可缺少的。
②It was not immediately obvious that…句中的“it”是形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语从句。
】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.许多科学家认为水的持续存在让地球将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋中去。
【注释：①What many scientists believe是由what引导的主语从句，作整个句子的主语。
②dissolve vt. & vi.(使)溶解eg. The sun dissolves snow.太阳使雪融化。
③harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的be harmful to…对…有害处eg. Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟有害健康。
do sb. harm/ do harm to sb.对某人有害；do more harm than good弊大于利；There is no harm in (sb’s) doing sth.(= It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.)做某事无害处；come to harm身体上、精神上或道义上受到损害；do sb. good/ do good to sb.对某人有好处。
如：1) The court case will do serious harm to my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
2) My brother's ship was caught in a storm but he came to no harm.我兄弟的船遇上了暴风雨, 但他没出事。
3) You should do good to others.你应该对人行善。
4) If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话, 可能弊多利少。
】This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一系列的反应，这种反应使得生命的产生成为可能。