(4单元)宏观经济学(曼昆经济学)第6版PPT课件

世界各国的经济增长
看起来很小的增长率在许多年的复 利计算之后变得很大。 复利计算 是指在一个时期内的增 长率的累积。
Compounding and the Rule of 70 复利计算与70规则的魔力
According to the rule of 70, if some variable grows at a rate of x percent per year, then that variable doubles in approximately 70/x years. 根据70规则，如果某个变量每年按x%增长， 那么在将近70/x年以后该变量翻一番。
生产与增长
生产率 是指一个工人一小时生产 的物品与劳务量。 一国的生活水平决定于它的工人 的生产率。
Table 1 The Variety of Growth Experiences
Copyright©2004 South-Western
表1. 不同的增长经历
国别
时期
期初人均GDP 期末人均GDP 增长率（每年）
1 256美元 650 968
1 984 1 825
598 1 915 3 347
564 743 4 107 616 520
26 460美元 7 320 8 810 27 330 25 010 3 940 12 090 34 260 2 390 2 840 23 550
1 960 1 652
2.81％ 2.45 2.23 2.04 2.03 1.90 1.86 1.81 1.45 1.35 1.35 1.16 1.16
Economic Growth Around the World
Annual growth rates that seem small become large when compounded for many years. Compounding refers to the accumulation of a growth rate over a period of time.
Production and Growth
Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced for each hour of a worker’s time. A nation’s standard of living is determined by the productivity of its workers.
Copyright©2004 South-Western
Economic Growth Around the World 世界各国的经济增长
Living standards, as measured by real GDP per person, vary significantly among nations. 人均实际GDP数据表明各国生活水 平差别很大。
Production and Growth 生产与增长
Chapter 4
Analysis AppVES
By the end of this chapter, we should understand:
☆ how much economic growth differs around the world.世界各国经济增长有多大不同 ☆ why productivity is the key determinant of a country’s standard of living.为什么生产率是一国生活 水平的关键决定因素 ☆ the factors that determine a country’s productivity. 决定一国生产率的因素 ☆ how a country’s policies influence its productivity growth.一国的政策如何影响其生产率增长
Production and Growth 生产与增长
Within a country there are large changes in the standard of living over time. 即使在一个国家内，生活水平也随 着时间推移而发生了巨大变化。
Production and Growth 生产与增长
Production and Growth
Video US PRODUCTIVITY DECLINES IN Q2.mp4
Production and Growth 生产与增长
A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. 一国的生活水平决定于它生产物品 与劳务的能力。
日本
1890～2000
巴西
1900～2000
墨西哥 1900～2000
加拿大 1870～2000
德国
1870～2000
中国
1900～2000
阿根廷 1900～2000
美国
1870～2000
印度
1900～2000
印度尼西亚 1900～2000
英国
1870～2000
巴基斯坦 1900～2000
孟加拉国 1900~2000
Economic Growth Around the World 世界各国的经济增长
The poorest countries have average levels of income that have not been seen in the United States for many decades. 最穷的国家的平均收入水平是美国几 十年来所没有看到的。
In the United States over the past century, average income as measured by real GDP per person has grown by about 2 percent per year. 在美国过去一个世纪里，按人均实际 GDP衡量的平均收入每年增长2％左右。