非谓语动词用法归纳语法.doc

非谓语动词用法归纳

主动被动

1.doing 用在要求动词后；进行；伴随；性质；特点；

2. being done 正在进行的被动

概括；抽象；一般 4. having been done 用于句首；要求动词后（有过去

3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)时间或过去动作）

5. to do用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体

6. to be done 将来的被动

7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用8. to have been done 用在要求动词后（有过去时间或

在句中 )过去动作）

9. done 被动；完成（一般或普遍时间）

一、表格的用法

1. doing 的用法

（ 1）在要求动词后（作宾语）： avoid 避免 appreciate 感激 /欣赏 acknowledge 承认 /自认 admit 承认 advocate 提倡 /主张 consider 考虑 can't help 不禁 can't stand 受不了 contemplate 细想 complete 完成 confess 坦白 dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得 delay 延迟 deny 否认 dread 可怕 defer 拖延 detest 嫌恶 enjoy 享有 /喜爱 envy 嫉妒 endure 忍受 excuse 借口 escape 逃跑 /逃避 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 fancy 幻想 /爱好 favor 造成 /偏爱 figure 描绘 / 计算 hate 讨厌 imagine 设想involve 卷入 /包含 keep 保持 miss 错过 mention 说到 /讲到 mind 介意 pardon 原谅 /饶

恕permit 允许 postpone 推迟 practice 实行 /实践 prevent 阻止 quit 放弃停止 risk 冒险 recall 回想 resist 抵抗 /阻止

resume 恢复 repent 悔悟 resent 怨恨 stand 坚持 / 忍受 suggest 建议 save 营救 /储蓄 tolerate 忍受worth 值得You should try to avoid making mistakes.

The book is worth reading.

The book deserves reading.

（ 2）表进行

Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.

The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.

（ 3）表主动

The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.

= The man who spoke English is Tom.

Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.

（ 4）表伴随

I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.

I lie in bed reading a novel.

（ 5）表性质；特点

The film is very moving.

She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.

（ 6）概括性 ,一般性

Climbing mountain is very interesting.

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。( 概括性 ,一般性 )

Our work is serving the people ．

（ 7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：

Tom insisted on my going with them ．他坚持要我和他们一起去。

He dislikes his wife's working late ．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

2.being done 表示正在进行的被动

The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.

Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.

The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.

= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.

3.having done 有先后动作表完成 (一般用在句首 )

Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.

Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.

Having done the work, I went back home.

Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.

4. having been done 用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作）

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. ( 要求动词后 )

=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.

= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.

I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.

Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.

5. to do 的用法 :

(1)用在要求动词后 : 接 to do 的动词（作宾语）

attempt 企图 afford 负担得起 arrange 安排 appear 似乎，显得 ask 问 agree 同意 believe 认为、相信 begin 开始 beg 请求 bother 扰乱 /烦恼 care 关心，喜欢 choose 选择 claim 要求 consent 同意，赞同 contrive 设法，图谋 demand 要求destine 注定 determine 决定 dread 害怕 desire 愿望 decide 决定 enable 能够 expect 期望 endeavor 努力 fail 不能 hate 憎恨 /厌恶 happen 碰巧 hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 intend 想要 incline 有⋯倾向 long 渴望 love 爱 learn 学习 mean 意欲，打算manage 设法 neglect 忽视 need 需要 omit 忽略，漏 offer 提供 pretend 假装 plan 计划 prefer 喜欢 /宁愿 prepare 准备profess 表明 promise 承诺 /允许 propose 提议 refuse 拒绝 swear 宣誓 start 开始 seek 找/寻觅 try 试图 undertake 承接volunteer 志愿 vow 起 wish 希望 want 想要

(2)表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作(做表语 )。

Our work is to serve the people ．

The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom.

To do two things at a time is to do neither ．一次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。如

果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。To see

is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living ．工作就是为了生活。

如果主语是以aim ， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan，problem ， purpose， thing ，wish 等为中心的