助动词的ppt

b)与名词词组搭配 与名词词组搭配
Mary's coming tomorrow evening (=is) My friend's opened a new hotel (=has) The roads're good (=are) Anna'll be going to London (=will) The camera'd been stolen (=had) The book'd be useful (=would) The guests've all gone (=have)
d)与存在句引导词 与存在句引导词there搭配 与存在句引导词 搭配
There's a lot to do (=has) There've been many accidents at this corner There'll be a new film next week . (=will) She wondered if there'd been a mistake (had) He thought there'd be an answer by tomorrow (=would) 地点副词here/there也常与's(=is)搭配.例如: Here's your bicycle and there's mine.
2)肯定缩略形式 肯定缩略形式
上述24个限定动词只有以下10个能有肯 定缩略形式：
am is are have has had shall will should would
下面介绍一下肯定形式与其他词语常见 的搭配现象：
a)与人称代词搭配 与人称代词搭配
I'm a student. (=I am) It's raining. (=It is ) She's been away for months. (=She has) We'd stay in this hotel if it was cheaper (=would) We'd have come if you'd asked us (=should , had ) 注意区分it's 和its :The cat is licking its tail;it's not licking its paw. 's 既可以is 也可以表示has . 'd既可以表示should ,would ,也可以表示had ,需 从上下文进行判断。
NO.6(1994) He____ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25. A. couldn’t have caught B. ought to have caught C. shouldn’t have caught D. must not have caught
1)否定缩略形式 否定缩略形式(2) 否定缩略形式
有些否定句式能有两种缩略形式。例如： she isn't coming here alone. she's not coming here alone. 否定疑问句既能用否定缩略形式，也能用非缩 略形式。试比较： Haven't we seen this film before ? Have we not seen this film before ? 但含义有所不同：用否定缩略形式通常带有肯定 与否定双重意向；用非缩略否定形式通常带有 否定意向。（参见27.2.1)
18.2 助动词的缩略形式
英语有以下24个助动词能有缩略形式： am , is , are , was , were , have , has , had do , does , did , shall , should , will , would can , could , may , might , must , ought(to) need , dare , used(to)
18.1 半助动词
半助动词指在功能上介乎主动词和助动 词之间、本身带有词义的一类结构。下 面就半助动词的类型以及半助动词与 it...that结构的转换关系作一些介绍。
1）半助动词的类型(1) ）半助动词的类型
从形态上看，可以分成三类： 以be为其中心成分； 以have为中心成分； 以seem等为其中心成分。 从能否与it...that结构进行转换上看又 可以分为能与不能两类 (p210-211 表 格）
c)与指示代词、不定代词、物主代词 与指示代词、不定代词、 与指示代词 搭配
That's fine (=is) This'll do (=will) That'd be much better (=would) Someting's got to be done (=has) Mine's blue ;yours is red (=is)
3)非缩略形式的使用场合 非缩略形式的使用场合(1) 非缩略形式的使用场合
上述能用于肯定缩略形式的10个限定动词，在下 列场合不能采用缩略形式：
a)单独使用时 单独使用时
A: You've seen her,haven't you? B: Yes, I have . (≠ I've)
b)用于句子结尾时 用
A: You're not coming with me. B: I am coming whether you like it or not. (≠ I'm)
e)Have/have to作“有”/“必须”解释时通 作 “必须” 常也不用缩略形式
They have three children . (≠ They've) He has to leave early (≠ He's to)
e)与疑问词搭配 与疑问词搭配
How's your father? (=is) What're you doing? (=are) Where've they gone to? (=have) Who'd have believed it? (=would) What'll you have to drink? (=will)
若改用have got/have got to形式表示，则常 用缩略形式：They've got three children. He's got to leave early .
NO.1(TEM4 2004) You ____Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. A . needn’t have told B . needn’t tell C . mustn’t have told D. mustn’t tell
1)否定缩略形式 否定缩略形式(1) 否定缩略形式
上述24个限定动词除去am not 的疑问形式需要 用aren't替代外，其余23个都有各自的否定缩略 形式。例如： am not , don't , couldn't , aren't , usedn't , daren't 等 在句子中例如： I'm late , aren't I? They won't be here next week . You shouldn't smoke so much . They mayn't like it . 等等
John's not such a good student as Bill is (≠ Bill's)
c)用于发问或附加疑问时 用于发问或附加疑问时
Will he come You haven't seen her , have you ?
3)非缩略形式的使用场合 非缩略形式的使用场合(2) 非缩略形式的使用场合
NO.7(92) A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter,_____? A. need it B. needn’t it C. does it D. doesn’t it
NO.8(97) When you have finished with that video tape , don’t forget to put it in my drawer,_____? A. do you B. will you C. don’t you D. won’t you Do you help yourself to some fruit , _____ you? A. can’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. won’t
第18讲 助动词 (Auxiliary) 18讲
Forewrd
英语的助动词分为三类：基本助动词 (Primary Auxiliary)、情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliary)和半助动词(Semiauxiliary)。 本讲将介绍的是半助动词(Semiauxiliary)以及助动词(Auxiliary）的 缩略形式(Contracted Form)。
NO.2(TEM4 1999) He _____unwisely, but he was at least to do something helpful. A . may have acted B . must have acted C . should act D . would act
NO.3 ____he come late , give him the message. A . Had B. Should C . Would D . If
NO. 4(TEM 1996) Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _____Eastern Nebraska. A. in B. it receives in C. does D. it does in