大学 陈新仁 英语语法实用教程 课后答案
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(英语语言变体(I))【圣才出品】
第10章英语语言变体（I）I.Fill in the blanks.1. Any discourse can be seen as a configuration of field，mode and _____.（中山大学2003年研）【答案】tenor【解析】话语包括语场、语式、语旨三个方面。
2. More qualifiers and intensifiers are used by _____.【答案】women【解析】语言使用的性别差异。
3. Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, _____ language.【答案】vernacular【解析】凡属标准语之外的那些语言变体都被叫做非标准语或本地语。
4. A linguistic _____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from general use.【答案】taboo【解析】禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。
5. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the _____ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.【答案】social【解析】语言本身是不存在性别歧视的，但当语言被不同的人使用时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。
6. In terms of sociolinguistics, _____ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language.【答案】idiolect【解析】从社会语言学的角度讲，个人习语指个人语言风格。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》章节题库(含名校考研真题)-第8~11章【圣才出品】
第8章英语语言的应用（I）I. Fill in the blanks.1. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the _____ of, or the _____the utterance. （人大2004研）【答案】consequence, change brought about by【解析】言外行为指说话的效果。
2. When a teacher says “The exam this year is going to be really difficult”, the sentence would have an _____force. （清华2001研，清华2000研）【答案】illocutionary【解析】言外行为，表达说话人的意图。
3. _____ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.【答案】Performatives【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
II. Multiple Choices.1. The speech act theory was developed by _____.（对外经贸2006研)A. John SearleB. John AustinC. LevinsonD. G. Leech【答案】B【解析】言语行为理论是哲学家约翰·奥斯丁在他《如何以言行事》一文中提出的。
它从哲学意义上对语言交际的本质进行解释，其目的在于回答”用语言干什么”这个问题。
2. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest. (Focus on the type of illocutionary act) （南京大学2007研）A. threatenB. adviseC. beseechD. urge【答案】A【解析】A为命令性言语行为，而其他三项为指示性言语行为。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(章节题库 第2章 英语语音)【圣才出品】
第2章英语语音Ⅰ.Fill in the following blanks:1.The sound/p/can be described with“_____,bilabial,stop”.（北二外2007研）【答案】voiceless【解析】/p/是双唇音，爆破音，清音。
2.The sound/b/can be described with“_____,bilabial,stop”.（北二外2004研）【答案】voiced【解析】/b/是双唇音，爆破音，浊音。
3.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel.And as a result are most conveniently described in terms of_____and manner of articulation.（北二外2004研）【答案】place【解析】辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。
4._____are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（中山大学2006研）【答案】Consonants【解析】发音时，声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍后，使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。
5.The present system of the_____derives mainly from one developed in the1920s by the British phonetician,Daniel Jones(1881—1967),and his colleagues at University of London.（中山大学2008研）【答案】cardinal vowels【解析】基本元音是指一系列约定俗成、固定不变的元音特质，目的是为语言中实际存在的元音描述提供一个参照框架。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》【章节题库】9-14章【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》【章节题库】9-14章【圣才出品】第9章英语语言的应用（Ⅱ）Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.H.P.Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation.This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle.According to the maximum of_____,do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence.In other words,speak truthfully;do not lie.【答案】quality【解析】合作原则中质量准则内容：不要说自知是不真实的话；不要说缺乏足够证据的话。
2.In the light of the_____principle,four maxims are specified.They are the maxim of quantity,maxim of_____,maxim of_____and the maxim of_____.（人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年研）【答案】cooperative;quality;relation;manner【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
3.Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _____.X:Who was that you were with last night?Y:Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?【答案】relation【解析】很显然Y的回答与X的问题“你昨晚跟谁在一起？”无关。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（章节题库第6章英语语言意义（Ⅰ））【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（章节题库第6章英语语言意义（Ⅰ））【圣才出品】第6章英语语言意义（Ⅰ）Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.According to G.Leech,_____meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.（北二外2007研）【答案】affective【解析】利奇认为感情意义是指所传达的关于说话人/作者感情、态度方面的意义。
2._____=PARANT(x,y)&MALE(x)（北二外2005研）【答案】FATHER【解析】同时满足“父母亲”和“男性”的条件的只能是“父亲”。
3.According to G Leech,_____meaning refers to logic,cognitive,or denotative content.（北二外2005研）【答案】conceptual【解析】利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。
4.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands for,is known as the_____theory.（中山大学2008研）【答案】referential【解析】把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫做指称理论。
5._____is the technical name for the sameness relation.（北二外2007研）【答案】Synonymy【解析】同义关系是相同关系的专业术语，完全的同义关系是很少的。
所谓的同义词都是依赖语境的，它们总是在这方面或那方面有所不同。
6.Terms like“apple”,“banana”and“pear”are_____of the term“fruit”.（北二外2007研）【答案】hyponyms【解析】上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。
陈新仁英语语言学实用教程第2版练习题库及答案
第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1.Chomsky proposes that the course of language acquisition is determined by a(n)____language faculty.【中山大学2018研】【答案】innate【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。
2.____refers to the role language plays in communication(e.g. to express ideas,attitudes)or in particular social situations (e.g.religious,legal).【北二外2016研】【答案】Function【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。
功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。
3.Human language is arbitrary.This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the____it is associated with.【人大2007研】【答案】meaning【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
4.Some sentences do not describe things.They cannot be said to be true or false.The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action.They are called____.【大连外国语学院2008研】【答案】performative【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
英语词汇学实用教程 陈新仁 课后答案
A word of warning: Not all the keys provided here are correct. Use your brainsUnit 1 pp. 9-16P.9 Check Your Understanding: a-d: F e. TIn-Class Activities 1 … f. Word has it they’re divorcing.a. Something he would talk aboutb. things that are said, contrasted with things that are donec. the promise one has maded. spoken command or signale. informationf. piece of news; messageP10 2. (1) five criteria:Potential pause: The pause , which happens when you say a sentence, will tend to fall between words, and not within words.Indivisibility: The extra items will be added between the words and not within them.Minimal free forms: the smallest units of speech that can meaningfully stand on their own.Phonetic boundaries: It is sometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends.Semantic units: each word in a sentence has a clear meaning.(2) Do you think these criteria are questionable in any way? Can they be applied to the identification of zi, the roughChinese equivalent of the English “word”?No, as the above analysis explained. No, they cannot. For example, 流连and 蹒跚are danchuci (单纯词) which cannot be analyzed independently.P11 3. (1)Suppose we want to know what are the ten most frequently used English words. What are they, as far as you can tell? How about Chinese?The, of, to, and, a, in, is, it, you, that的、一、是、在、了、不、和、有、大、着3. (2)They are basically functional words.possessive words (of, 的)number words (a,一)copula words (is, 是)conjunctions (and, 和) andlocalizers (in, 在);English has the definite article the and several pronouns, you, that and it which are absent in Chinese.4.words are arbitrary (i.e. not motivated)onomatopoeic words “sl-” is highly suggestive of the meaning of the words that contain it, such as “slide”, “slip”, and “slush”.(1) Babble, bang, grunt, splash; 噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱No, these words are only a small part of English or Chinese vocabulary(2) Football and handball concern the body part which kick/pass the ball from one place to another, and basketball isnamed after a basket into which the ball is put.(3) People have bodily embedded knowledge to infer these motivations of such usage. The first example concerns themetaphor and second metonymy.(4) Some figurative usages are also highly motivated. For example: Necessity is the mother of invention.5.British English (BE for short) and American English (AE for short)P13(1) half, advance, advantage, after, answer, ask, glance, glass, grasp(2) grammatical differences: In American English we say “graduate from school”; while in British English, we say“leave school”. In American English, it has “put up price”, while in British English, it is “raise price”(3) distinctive spellings:For Chinese characters “博览会”, British English has “fair”while American English users trade show. “L ift and elevator” , and “autumn and fall” are more examples.(4) same words with different meanings:one billion/ first floor/ pantsone billion(Brit) the number 1000000000000 万亿之数(US) the number 1000000000十亿之数first floorIn British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above that is the first floor.In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floorpants(Brit) men's underpants; women's or children's knickers(US) trousers6. Barack Obama’s choice of words(1) Empathy means identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings.The ability to stand in somebody else’s sho esSympathy is defined as feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb.)(2) Hope, according to Obama, is that something better is waiting for us if we’re willing to work for it and fight for it, if we are willing to believe. He differentiates hope from what is blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face(3) “As fathers and parents”, why not as fathers and mothers: Open to discussionPost-Class Tasks” in the sentence “The word is that he's left the country. (据说他已经离开这个国家了).” But actually, we will not write the sentence, esp., say the sentence in daily conversations. By this example, we show that receptive lexical knowledge concerns what you learned and productive lexical knowledge concerns what you would put into practice. Reading vocabulary may be the largest type of vocabulary, because you may recognize the meaning of a word without using it in daily exchanges or in academic writing.3. No, lexical competence covers a larger scope that that of productive lexical knowledge.4. underline word equivalentsLanguage is composedof not just individualwords, but also wordequivalents, such asword groups (orcompound words),chunks such as idioms,formulaic sequences,and so. The latter isattracting more and more scholarly attention these days. Thus, lexicology is more precisely defined as the scientific study of the words and word equivalents in a language.Unit 2 pp. 24 -29Check Your Understanding: a-e. FIn-Class Activities 1.(1) S is pronounced as [s] [z and [iz]] when it is respectively attached to a voiceless consonant, a voiced consonant or avowel, and any words ending with s, z or pronouncing as [s] or [z].(2) Yes, for example,the plural form of sheep remains unchanged, and man has its plural form realized as “men”.(3) The usual allomorphs of the morpheme of the past tense may be realized as [t], [d] and [id]2. prefixes of negation: a-, un-, in- (ir-, il-), dis-, mis-, non-, de-symmetry→asymmetry typical→atypical forgettable →unforgettable tie→untiearticulate →inarticulate, discreet →indiscreet mature →immature, partial →impartiallegal →illegallegible →illegiblerelevant →irrelevantreverent →irreverentlike→dislikeable→disableuse →misuselead →misleadsense →nonsensecommercial→noncommercialform→deformconstruction→deconstruction(2) Un- is usually prefixed before transitive verbs, such as tie →untie, nouns, such as and adjectives, such asemployment→unemployment. Non- is often put before adjectives, such as essential→non-essential, and nouns, such as existence→non-existence. Both of the usage are possible because the word followed the above two prefixes has no ready-made acronyms in English lexical system.3.(1) No. unwoman is not a word in English. Un- is usually put before an abstract uncountable noun.(2) morphological structure:inaccessibilityinaccessible -ityin- accessibleaccess -ible(3) These words may connate sex inequality at first sight. But, In fact, we go too far if we hold this notion in mind.4. (1) Stop, bin, wear, suit(2) complete conversions5. (1) Tue →Tuesday, Sun →Sunday, PM →post meridiem(2) 1月January Jan 2月February Feb 3月March Mar. 4月April Apr. 5月May May 6月June Jun. 7月July Jul. 8月August Aug. 9月September Sept. 10月October Oct. 11月November Nov. 12月December Dec.6.(1) Marathon--telethon/ talkathon, hamburger--shrimpburger-(2) 无微不至－无胃不治；其乐无穷－棋乐无穷7. (1)a. flu virus: A caused Bb. safety line: B ensures Ac. night bird: A is the usual time when B is actived. spoon-feeding: A is one of the ways to realize B.e. potato pancake: A is the ingredient of Bf. man-made: B is realize by Ag toilet seat: B is part A.(2) “safety line” vs. “safe line”:NO, the former means that line can keep one safe, whereas the latter means the line is safe.(You can touch it)Security guard and secure guardPost-Class Tasks1. Supply the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.a.D;b.B;c. A;d. C;e. A;f. D2. a. intangibility b. unevenlyin/tangible/ity un/even/lyc. friendlinessd. notwithstandingfriend/ly/ness not/with/stand/inge. overseasf. minimalistover/sea/s minim/al/istg. immigration h. Psychologistim/migrate/ion psych/ology/isti. occurrences j. assumptionoc/cur/rence as/sumpt/ion3. Safe: conversionCheck-out: CompositionDead: conversionValuable: conversion4. Adjectives like “poor”, “rich”, “fat”, “sick”, “wounded”, “deaf”, “mute”, “Chinese”, “Danish”, “best”, “most”, “least”, “latest”, “accused”, “condemned”, (for) “good”, “thick” (and) “thin”, etc. undergo partial conversion;stop, pause, halt, look, rest, check, try, taste, smell, etc, often undergo complete conversion.5. prince/princeling, under/underling, world/worlding, child/childish, self/selfish, fool/foolish6. Acronyms:NATO = North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationInitialisms:EU 欧盟= European Union;ABC = American Broadcasting Corporation 美国广播公司orAustralian Broadcasting Corporation 澳大利亚广播公司;U.S. =the United StatesKeys to Unit 3Check Your Understandinga. Fb. Fc. Td. Fe. FIn-class Activities1. (1) Yes. There is some difference between the words “clean” and “cleanly” in the sentences in Group A. In SentenceA-a, “clean” means “completely”, while in Sentence A-b, “cleanly” means “easily”.(2) Yes. There is some difference between the words “clean” and “cleanly” in the sentences in Group A. In Sentence A-a, “clean” means “completely”, while in Sentence A-b, “cleanly” means “easily”.(3) The words “high” and “highly” cannot be used interchangeably in the two sentences in Group C. In Sentence C-a,“high” is an adjective and functions as the complement, while in Sentence C-b, “highly” is an adverb and functions as the modifier.(4) a1. I felt pretty nervous going into the exam, but after I got started I loosened up some.a2. The woman chairing the meeting speaks prettily.b1. When he saw her, he stopped dead in his tracks.b2. I'm deadly serious. This isn't a game!c1. Someone left the back door wide open.c2. These laws were widely regarded as too strict.2. (1) a. The old man smiled his refusal to the young man request.b. He lived a long life and died a natural death.(2) a. 每听完一个笑话，那个老人都咯咯地笑出他的喜悦之情。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(章节题库 第5章 英语语言结构(Ⅱ))【圣才出品】
第5章英语语言结构（Ⅱ）Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Syntactic relations include_____,_____and_____.【答案】positional relation;relation of substitutability;relation of occurrence【解析】有三种句法关系，即（1）位置关系；（2）替代关系；（3）同现关系。
2.A_____sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word,such as“and”,“but”,“or”.【答案】coordinate【解析】并列从句是指一个句子由两个分句组成，这两个分句通常是由如but,and,or这些并列连词来连接的。
3._____refers to ties and connections which exist within texts.They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大2007研）【答案】Cohesion【解析】衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。
4.A_____is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement,question or command.【答案】sentence【解析】句子在结构上是一个独立的单位，通常包括许多词用以构成一个完整的陈述，提问或者命令。
5._____is the information that the addresser believes is known to the addressee, while_____is the information that the addresser believes is not known to the addressee.【答案】Given information;new information【解析】已知信息是指说话者认为听话者已经知道的信息，而新信息是指说话者认为听话者不知道的信息。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（章节题库第12章英语习得）【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》（章节题库第12章英语习得）【圣才出品】第12章英语习得Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as_____.（中⼭⼤学2008研）【答案】interlanguage【解析】中介语是在外语或第⼆语⾔学习中形成的。
2.An influential claim regarding the input issue is the hypothesis that there must be sufficient,comprehensible input available to L2learners,as captured by the_____ formula.【答案】“i+1”【解析】关于输⼊问题，⼀个有影响⼒的说法是假设对于第⼆语⾔学习者必须有可获得的⾜够的以及能够被理解的输⼊，⽤公式可表⽰为“i+1”。
3.Error is the grammatically incorrect form;_____appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.（中⼭⼤学2008研）【答案】mistake【解析】mistake是指在语法上正确但在交流语境中不恰当。
4._____are“the special thoughts or behaviors that individuals use to help them comprehend,learn,or retain new information”.【答案】Learning strategies【解析】学习策略是指特殊的想法或⾏为，这种想法或⾏为能够帮助学习者理解，学习或者获得新的信息。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】⼆、选择题1.The maxim of_____requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.（对外经贸⼤学2015研）A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relation【答案】D【解析】在语⾔学中，The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括：Quantity Maxim(数量准则)；Quality Maxim(质量准则)；Relation Maxim(关系准则)；MannerMaxim(⽅式准则)。
其中关系准则要求说话要贴切，要有关联(be relevant)，不答⾮所问。
因此答案选D。
2.Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the_____while the latter does not.（北⼆外2017研）A.meaningB.word classC.formD.speech sound【答案】B【解析】morpheme语素，分为⾃由语素和粘着语素，其中粘着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派⽣词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。
派⽣词缀粘附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。
屈折词缀只能改变⼀个词的形式，不能构成新词。
也即屈折词缀增加的是表⽰句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。
即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。
3.“Wife”,which used to refer to any woman,stands for“a married woman”in modern English.This phenomenon is knownas_____.（西安交⼤2008研）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing【答案】D【解析】词义缩⼩是指原来的词义缩⼩或被限制到某个明确的意义上。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解-第5~8章【圣才出品】
第5章英语语言结构（Ⅱ）5.1 复习笔记【本章要点】1. English paragraphs 英语段落2. English texts 英语语篇3. Cohesion in English texts 英语语篇的衔接4. Thematic progression in English texts 英语语篇主位推进【本章考点】英语段落，语篇的衔接等。
【本章内容索引】Ⅰ. English paragraphsⅡ. English textsⅢ.Cohesion in English texts1. Different means to develop cohesion in texts2. Classification of referenceⅣ. Thematic progression in English textsⅠ. English paragraphs（英语段落）A typical English paragraph employs a topic sentence stating the controlling idea of the paragraph.一个典型的英语段落中会用一个主题句来陈述整个段落的主旨大意。
To develop a paragraph, one may employ such means as exemplification, instantiation, comparison or contrast, cause effect reasoning, definition, analogy, and enumeration.为丰富段落，人们可能会用举例，例示，对比，因果推理，定义，类推和列举等。
Ⅱ. English texts（英语语篇）A well-written text is not a simple amalgam of paragraphs. It must be properly organized around a central purpose or coherent topic.一篇好的文章不是简单的段落叠加。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(考研真题精选 判断正误)【圣才出品】
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
双唇、清音等特征。voicing 是能够区别意义的语音特征之一，但 aspiration 不是。
5. The “Theory of Conversational Implicature” was first proposed by John L. Austin.（北二外 2015 研） 【答案】F 【解析】本题考查会话含义理论。会话含义理论是美国哲学家格莱斯首先提出的，它是语用
2. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language.（清华 2000 研） 【答案】F 【解析】It is the exception of the arbitrariness of language.
3. The English sentence “If only I could fly!” is in imperative mood.（北二外 2012 研） 【答案】F 【解析】It is in subjunctive mood.
学的核心内容。而奥斯汀提出的是言语行为理论，因此该表述有误。
6. Auditory phonetics studies how sounds are perceived by the speaker.（清华 2001 研） 【答案】F 【解析】It studies how sounds are perceived by the hearer.
7. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.（上海外国语大学 2000 研）
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套...
陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》配套...第10章英语语⾔变体（I）I.Fill in the blanks.1. Any discourse can be seen as a configuration of field，mode and _____.（中⼭⼤学2003年研）【答案】tenor【解析】话语包括语场、语式、语旨三个⽅⾯。
2. More qualifiers and intensifiers are used by _____.【答案】women【解析】语⾔使⽤的性别差异。
3. Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, _____ language.【答案】vernacular【解析】凡属标准语之外的那些语⾔变体都被叫做⾮标准语或本地语。
4. A linguistic _____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from general use.【答案】taboo【解析】禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因⽽避免使⽤的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。
5. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the _____ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.【答案】social【解析】语⾔本⾝是不存在性别歧视的，但当语⾔被不同的⼈使⽤时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。
6. In terms of sociolinguistics, _____ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language.【答案】idiolect【解析】从社会语⾔学的⾓度讲，个⼈习语指个⼈语⾔风格。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【课后练习】(英语语言单位)【圣才出品】
(2) Formulate a morphological rule regarding how to form the plural verb form from the singular verb form in Samoan.
Key: Positive terms can have negative morphemes added to them, as in “happy-unhappy”, but semantically negative ones rarely do, because unis deprecatory as well as negative.
Key: Duplicate the penultimate syllable.
2 / 24
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
3. English has a couple of affixes that serve to express the opposition of meaning, of which un- figures prominently. Observe the following sets of English words (words marked with are not allowed in English):
Ask (1) Which other affixes are there in English that function as markers of negation?
陈新仁-英语词汇学教程课后答案-第八单元
Unit 8Check Your UnderstandingState whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.a. English words are either appreciative or derogatory. (F)b. The affective meaning of a word may change over time. (T)c. Affective meaning has nothing to do with culture. (F)d. The semantic prosody of a word determines the affective meaning of its collocates. (T)e. A variety of lexical devices are employed in English to express affective meanings. (T)In-Class Activities1. The following two pairs of sentences contain four words in bold face.A. a. His (her) eyes sparkled with amusement (merriment, good humour, high spirits, happiness).b. His (her) eyes glittered with anger (rage, hatred, malice).B. a. Look at that lovely little girl.b. Look at that tiny girl.ASK:(1) Can the two words in bold face in each pair of sentences be used interchangeably? If not,why?(2) Can you suggest more pairs like the above ones?KEY:Answer:(1) No. The verbs sparkle and glitter are close synonyms. They are different in terms of affective connotations. In the above two sentences, both adjectives (little and tiny) describe the smallness of the girl. However, little suggests ‘attractiveness’ and ‘pleasantness’ while tiny implies the abnormal growth of the child. Therefore, little is appreciative while tiny is derogatory.(2) Slim and skinnyFamous and notoriousProud and arrogantConfident and conceited2. The following are the concordance lines of the verbs cause and provide obtained with thecorpus tool from a very small part of BNC (spoken and part of written news report). Observe the collocates of the two words and answer the questions that follow.ASK:(1) What are the features of the two words in terms of semantic prosody?(2) Can you use each of the two words in a sentence of your own?Answer:(1) Cause is often used with words with a negative feature, that is, something unpleasant, such as problem, damage, danger, chaos. Provide is often used with words with a positive feature, or something useful, for example, food accommodation, necessities, comfortable conditions.(2) The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.3. One interesting finding about semantic prosody is that it often demonstrates some relationship with transitivity. Louw (1993) points out that where human beings are in control of their own destiny and are shaping it transitively for themselves, the semantic prosody is positive, but where people are at the mercy of forces beyond their control, the things which build up intransitively are negative and uniformly threatening. For example, the verb phrase “break out”can be both transitive and intransitive (Sinclair, 1990). Observe the following concordance lines in which break out appears:(1) Which of the lines above involve the transitive use of break out? Which involve theintransitive use of break out?(2) What are the semantic features of break out in these sentences?Answer:(1) Break out in Line 1-8 is intransitive whereas it is transitive in Line 9-15.(2) Break out in Line 1-8 is used with the subject being something negative, such as war, fight, trouble, violence. However, break out in Line 9-15 is used with words expressing something that pleasant, such as beer, barbecue, apple cider.4. The following is an excerpt from Henrik Ibsen’s drama A Doll’s House. Read this excerpt and then answer questions.Mrs. Linde: But how dare a man of his education be so forward?Nora: What on earth are you talking about?Mrs. Linde: Oh, stop pretending, Nora. Do you think I haven’t guessed who it was who lent you that two hundred pounds?Nora: Are you out of your mind? How could you imagine such a thing? A friend, someone who comes here every day! Why, that’d be an impossible situation!Mrs. Linde: Then it really wasn’t him?Nora: No, of course not. I’ve never for a moment dreamed of -- anyway, he hadn’t any money tolend then. He didn’t come into that till later.Mrs. Linde: Well, I think that was a lucky thing for you, Nora dear.Nora: No, I could never have dreamed of asking Dr. Rank – Though I’m sure that if I ever did ask him—Mrs. Linde: But of course you won’t.Nora: Of course not. I can’t imagine that it should ever become necessary. But I’m perfectly sure that if I did speak to Dr. Rank—Mrs. Linde: Behind you husband’s back?Nora: I’ve got to get out this other business; and that’s been going on behind his back. I’ve got to get out of it.Mrs. Linde: Yes, well, that’s what I told you yesterday. But—Nora (walking up and down): It’s much easier for a man to arrange these things than a woman—Mrs. Linde: one’s own husband, yes.Nora: Oh, bosh, (Stops walking.) When you’ve completely repaid a debt you get your I. O. U.back, don’t you?Mrs. Linde: Yes, of course.Nora: And you can tear it into a thousand pieces and burn the filthy, beastly thing!Mrs. Linde(looks hard at her, puts down her sewing and gets up slowly): Nora, you’re hiding something from me.Nora: Can you see that?Mrs. Linde: Something has happened since yesterday morning. Nora, what is it?Nora (goes towards her): Christine! (listens.) Ssh! There’s Torvald. Would you mind going into the nursery for a few minutes? Torvald can’t bear to see sewing around. Anne-Marie’ll help you.Mrs. Linde (gathers some of her things together): Very well. But I shan’t leave this house until we’ve talked this matter out.She goes into the nursery, left. As she does so, Helmer enters from the hall.Nora (runs to meet him): Oh, Torvald dear, I’ve been so longing for you to come back! Helmer: Was that the dressmaker?Nora: No, it was Christine. She’s helping me mend my costume. I’m going to look rather splendid in that.Helmer: Yes, that was quite a bright idea of mine, wasn’t it?Nora: Wonderful! But wasn’t it nice of me to give in to you?Helmer(takes her chin in his hand): Nice—to give in to your husband? All right, little silly, I know you didn’t mean it like that. But I won’t disturb you. I expect you’ll be wanting to try it on.Nora: Are you going to work now?Helmer: Yes. (Shows her a bundle of papers.) Look at these. I’ve been down to the bank—(Turns to go into his study.)Nora: Torvald.Helmer: (stops): Yes.Nora: If a little squirrel asked you really prettily to grant her a wish—Helmer: First I should naturally have to know what it was.Nora: Squirrel would do lots of pretty tricks for you if you granted her a wish.Helmer: Out with it, then.ASK:(1) How many types of lexical devices are used to convey each of the speaker’s affect? What arethey?(2) What do you think are the effects of these lexical devices?Answer:(1) Interjections: oh, wonderful, out with itExclamatory what and how: how dareExaggerative expressions: a thousand piecesIntensifiers: so, quite, rather, much, of course, never, on earth, really, naturally, completely, perfectly(2) These lexical devices clearly shows the speaker’s affect and attitude5. In English, there are numerous expressions deployable for intensifying an attitude or emotion. Look at the following utterances.a. I did not regret a drop [a rush/a tittle].b. My father did not care a straw [a bean/a fig/a jot/a button].c. Mary did not worry a pin [a scrap].d. The man did not flinch a hair.ASK:(1) How are these expressions similar to each other?(2) Can you provide more expressions of the same kind?Answer:(1) They mean “a small amount” and they are all used with “not”, forming emphasizing negatives.(2) a bit, a touch, a hint, a trace, a grain, a speck, an ounce, an itom6. It is often necessary that public notices be written with emphatic tones. Look at the following notices.ASK:(1) Which word can be omitted without affecting the basic meaning of the notice in each case?(2) Do you know of other ways that may serve to intensify the tone of public notices?Answer:(1)anytime, strictly, absolutely(2)never, anyone, anywhere, anyway, completely, definitely, entirelyPost-Class Tasks1. In the following table, words in the first column are appreciative words. Match them with words in the right column that are derogatory.Appreciative Derogatoryself-assured over-the-topgenerous fancifulthrifty arrogantdetermined nosyshrewd self-importantconfident meanfrank cunningenthusiastic abruptinquisitive stubbornimaginative extravagantAnswer:Appreciative Derogatoryself-assured self-importantgenerous extravagantthrifty meandetermined stubbornshrewd cunningconfident arrogantfrank abruptenthusiastic over-the-topinquisitive nosyimaginative fanciful2. Poets tend to be highly affectionate people. Read the following well-known poem by Robert Burns. Discuss the lexical devices that the poet uses to convey his strong emotion. What other methods does he employ for the same purpose?A Red, Red RoseMy love is like a red, red roseThat’s newly sprung in June:My love is like the melodyThat’s sweetly played in tune.As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in love am I:And I will love thee still, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry.Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun:And I will love thee still, my dear,While the sands o’ life shall ru n.And fare thee weel, my only love,And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my love,Thou’ it were ten thousand mile.Answer:(1) Exclamation: weel; amplifier: so; exaggerative expression: ten thousand mile(2) Other devices: Repetitions, exaggerations, similes3. The following words or phrases have been claimed to have a negative (‘unpleasant’, or ‘unfavourable’) semantic prosody. For each case, investigate whether this is true.For those cases that do have a negative prosody, identify near-synonyms with a neutral or positive semantic prosody.a. be bent onb. commitc. dealingsd. happene. make off withAnswer:bent on: True. For example: bent on violence, bent on destroying, bent on self-destruction, etc.) happen: True. This word is often used with words such as “accident”, “strange things”. commit: True. This word often collocates with crime, offence, rape, assault, unlawful act.Neutral synonyms: do, perform, carry outmake off with: True.dealings: Not true. This word does not necessarily collocate with negative words. Instead, neutral collocates are often found, such as dealings with customers, exchange dealings, dealings in commodities, dealings between parties, dealings in contract, dealings with business investors, dealings with corporate investors.4．Find out the emphasizing negatives in the following sentences.a. Don’t worry. I am not at all hungry.b. Sorry, but I am not the slightest bit interested in this project.c. There are none at all in this box, as far as I can see.d. I did n’t enjoy it in the least.e. There is no money whatsoever available for school trips at the moment.f. You have no excuse whatever.g. I’ll never, never go to there again.5. Read the following sentences and group them according to the type of lexical devices used to express the speaker’s affect.a. I just don’t like it.b. I kind of like him.c. You are absolutely correct.d. They literally tore his arguments to pieces.e. I so wanted to see her.f. They honestly admire her courage.g. I can well understand your feelings.h. I quite enjoyed the party, but I’ve been to better ones.i. The incident somewhat influenced his later life.Answer:Emphasiers:I just don’t like it.They literally tore his arguments to pieces.They honestly admire her courage.Amplifiers:You are absolutely correct.I so wanted to see her.I can well understand your feelings.Downtoners:I kind of like him.I quite enjoyed the party, but I’ve been to better ones.The incident somewhat influenced his later life.6. Read the following sentences and decide whether the italicized words are emphasiers, amplifiers or downtoners.a. My brother can actually speak six foreign languages. (emphasizer)b. It was a sacrifice indeed. (emphasizer)c. I can perfectly see why you are anxious about it. (amplifiers)d. I simply don’t believe it. (emphasizer)e. I know these animals slightly. (downtoners)f. I entirely agree with you. (amplifiers)g. I am sort of fond of the new teacher. (downtoners)h. That’s a somewhat thicker book. (downtoners)。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(第2版)章节题库-英语语言单位【圣才出品】
第3章英语语言单位Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.In traditional grammar,_____is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item.（中山大学2006研）【答案】pronoun【解析】在传统语法中，代词是唯一一种可用来代替其他语言项目的词性。
2.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an_____affix from a longer form already in the language.（中山大学2006研）【答案】imagined【解析】逆构词法是一种不规则的构词类型，即把一个语言中已经存在的较长单词删去想象中的词缀，由此造出一个较短的单词。
3._____is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers,whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.It is the minimum free form.（中山大学2005研）【答案】Word【解析】词是个语言表达单位，无论是在口语还是在书面语中，说母语的人都能够凭直觉识别这个语言单位。
它是最小的自由形式词，是能够独立构成一个完整语句的最小单位。
4.Take is the_____of taking,taken and took.【答案】lexeme【解析】词位是语言词汇的基本单位，taking，taken和took都是take这个词位的词位变体。
5.The_____is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar,a unit which cannot be divided a unit which cannot be dividedwithout destroying or drastically altering the meaning,whether lexical or grammatical.（北二外2008研）【答案】morpheme【解析】语素是最小的语言单位，不能再进一步分成更小的单位而不破坏或彻底改变词汇意义或语法意义。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【课后练习】(英语语言的应用(II))【圣才出品】
第9章英语语言的应用（II）课后习题详解Check your understanding.State whether each of the following statements is True or False.(1) Maxim of quantity requires one to provide as much information as possible. 【答案】F(2) In order to be polite, one needs to cooperate in all possible ways.【答案】F(3) Every normal speaker needs to mind his own and others’ face.【答案】T(4) Politeness is a matter of degree.【答案】T(5) Cultures vary as far as politeness issues are concerned.【答案】TIn-Class Activities1. The meaning of “and” in English seems to be rather diversified in different contexts. Compare:a. The film is long and boring.b. Jane found John was handsome and fell in love with him.c. Jane called John and told him the news.Ask(1) How would you interpret “and” in each of the cases?Key: In a, “and” is a pure conjunction that coordinates two parts. In b, “and”signals cause-effect relation. In c, “and” indicates the sequence of events, meaning “and then”.(2) Do you vote for the argument that “and” is polysemous, or the argument that“and” has just one basic meaning and the other “meanings” areimplicatures derived from the context?Now, focus on the use of “or” in English:d. His birthday is in June or July.e. For the new post, a diploma in mathematics or computer science is a must.Key: “and” has one basic meaning. Other interpretations are derived from this basic meaning plus contextual information by way of implicature.(3) It seems that “or” has two conflicting meanings. What are they? Do you thinkone meaning is basic and the other is derivable in context by virtue ofimplicature?Key: They are exclusive “or” and inclusive “or”. The inclusive “or” is more basic. The exclusive “or” is realized by way of implicature.2. Being underinformative or overinformative in daily conversation is not rare. When either happens, some implicature is intended. Look at the followingfragment of talk:Jane: What’s your stepmother like?John: She’s a woman and she married my father.Ask(1) What does John want to say in actuality?Key: The stepmother is no good.(2) Why does John answer that way, you suppose?Now consider the following:Jane: When did you come back last night?John: Two o’clock in the morning. The meeting was just too long.Key: He does not want to say directly that his stepmother is bad.(3) What does John imply in the second part of his reply?Key: He did not mean to be late.(4) Why does John give that additional information?Public signs and ads also employ additional information sometimes. Look at the following pictures:Key: He wants to explain why he was late so that Jane would pardon him, if she minded.(5) What is the extra information in each of the cases?Key: In the first picture, the additional information is that “there is ice falling”.In the second picture, the additional information is “Heart disease is the#1 killer of African Americans”. In the third picture, the additionalinformation is “水是生命的源泉。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》章节题库(含名校考研真题)-第1~3章【圣才出品】
第1章导言I. Fill in the following blanks:1. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and _____ of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】conventionality【解析】语言学习过程中学习者必须识记一些固定搭配或约定俗成的习语谚语等，因此使得语言学习比较费力。
2. In Sau ssure’s view, the relationship between signifier(sound image) and signified (concept) is _____.（北二外2005研）【答案】arbitrary【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
3. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _____it is associated with.（人大2007研）【答案】meaning【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
4. The features that define our human languages can be called _____ features.（北二外2006研）【答案】design【解析】人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(第2版)配套题库-章节题库-第1~3章【圣才出品】
第二部分章节题库第1章导言Ⅰ. Fill in the following blanks:1. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and _____ of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】conventionality【解析】语言学习过程中学习者必须识记一些固定搭配或约定俗成的习语谚语等，因此使得语言学习比较费力。
2. In Saussure’s view, the relationship between signifier(sound image) and signified (concept) is _____.（北二外2005研）【答案】arbitrary【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
3. The term _____ originates from Malinowski’s study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders. It refers to the social interaction of language.（中山大学2006研）【答案】phatic communion【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski提出。
4. The features that define our human languages can be called _____ features.（北二外2006研）【答案】design【解析】人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。