动词不定式详解

Unit 7 动词不定式（一）

1、定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，无人称和数的变化在句中不能作谓语。构

成： to +动词原形

2、用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、

宾语、宾语补足语，定语和状语。

本单元我们初步学习不定式宾语、宾语补足语、状语。

□1做宾语。后面能接不定式做宾语的动词有：agree ,ask ,decide ,forget ,hope ,learn ,want ,wish ,would like ,try等。We hope to get there before 7.

They began to read and write.

练习 1。

○1I wish (be)a college student.

○2I learn (speak)Japanese .

○3They decide (begin) the experiment at once.

○4What do you want (be)when you grow up?

○5They began (speak) in English .

○6He wants (play)football this afternoon.

□2做宾语补足语。后面能接不定式做宾补的动词有ask ,order ,tell ,teach ,want ,wish ,like等。

She wants me to give her a help .

My teacher told me to work hard .

练习 2。

○1I asked Lucy (speak) more loudly.

○2He told us (not worry)about him.

○3I like you (do)it this way.

○4Please ask John (turn)on the light .

□3用作状语。此时修饰动词和形容词，表示行为、原因、结果和目的。

I’m sorry to hear that.（做原因状语）

The boy is not old enough to work in the fields .（做结果状语）

They went to get their TV back.（做目的状语）

练习 3。

○1He got up early (catch) the first bus.

○2I’m glad (meet) you.

○3He sat down (have) a rest.

○4They went there (visit) their teacher.

○5He woke up (find) everyone gone.

○6I am so sorry (hear) your mother is ill.

本单元介绍了动词不定式做宾语补足语的用法，但当不定式在感官动词或使役动词后坐宾语补足语时应省略to.这样的感官动词或使役动词在此归纳为“一感、二听、三让、四看、半帮助，最后‘一最’”

“一感”：feel 如：I felt someone open my door.

“二听”：listen to ,hear. 如：

Please listen to me sing the song again.

I heard someone come into my room.

“三让”：let ,make ,have 如：

You can’t let /make/have the boy stand in the sun.

“四看”：look at, see ,watch ,notice. 如：

He often looks at other people dance .

Did you see/notice a boy go into the school.

You must watch me carefully do everything .

“半帮助”： help , He often helps me (to)clean the room.

“最后一最好”:had better . Everyone had better know a little English .

但我们还要知道“feel ,hear ,see ,watch ,notice”还可以跟现在分词作宾语补足语。如：

I saw him dancing. 我看到他正在跳舞。（看到跳舞的一个片断）

I saw him dance. 我看到他跳舞了。（看到跳舞的全过程）

I heard her singing. 我听见他正在唱歌。（听到唱歌的一个片断）

I heard her sing. 我听到他唱歌了。（听到唱歌的全过程）

Unit 15 动词不定式（三）

一、动词不定式做主语（形式主语it）：

To study English well is easy. 学好英语时容易的。为使句子的主语不显得过长，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而不定式放在句尾，如上句可改写为：It is easy to study English well.此时it做了形式主语，而真正主语是to study English well.

再如：To play in the street is dangerous.=It is dangerous to play in the street.

练习 1 改写下列句子并翻译成汉语

○1To learn a foreign language is not easy.

○2To finish the book is impossible in two weeks.

○3It’s better to give than to receive.

○4It’s a great pleasure to talk with her.

○5To work hard brings success.

○6To do well is better than to say well.

○7To learn English well needs a great deal of practice.

二、动词不定式做宾语（形式宾语it）：后面可接it做形式宾语的动词有think, make,

find, feel.如：

主语谓语形式宾语宾语补足语真正宾语

（我发现学好英语非常重要）

此句中宾语补足语（very important）用来说明真正宾语（to learn English well）的性质是非常重要的。此时的宾语补足语只能由形容词来充当。在如：

主语谓语形式宾语宾语补足语真正宾语

（我认为学好英语非常容易）

练习 2 分析下列句子成分划分主谓宾

○1Scientists think it necessary to search for evidence.

○2The spaceship makes it possible for man to travel in space.

○3Satellite makes it easy for people to see what is happening in distant countries. ○4I think it impossible for me to read all the materials in English in a few days. ○5My children find it exciting to watch television.