初中英语主谓一致详解

主谓一致性

集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题

一、必须用复数的情形

police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口), clothes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时，谓语总是用复数。如：

My clothes were soaked. 我的衣服都湿透了。

The police are looking into the complaint. 警察在了解这项投诉。

Too few people are interested in such music nowadays. 如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。

二、必须用单数的情形

clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。如：

Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制造。

Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. 中国的诗歌在唐代十分盛行。

3. 可用单数或复数的情形

family(家庭)，team(队员)，class(班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语既可用单数，也可用复数：当它们被视为整体时，谓语用单数；当它们强调个体时，谓语用复数。如：

My family is very large. 我家人很多。(视为整体)

His family are waiting for him. 他家里人在等他。(强调个体成员)

注：有时没有特定的上下文，用单数或复数谓语区别不大。如：

The public are [is] requested not to leave litter in the park.要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。

the rest (of)等作主语，谓语的数取决于什么

请看下面两道题：

a. The rest of the boys __________ watching TV.

b. The rest of the money __________ stolen.

A. were，were

B. was，were

C. were，was

D. was，was

此题应选C。all，most，some，half，percent，the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时，若该名词为可数名词的复数形式，则其谓语要用复数形式; 若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，则其谓语要用单数形式：

1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。

b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部分。

c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了大部分时间。

2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。

b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。

c. Half of the money was spent on foo

d. 有一半的钱用来买食物。

3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这里的工人有30%是女性。

b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有30% 的工作已完成。

c. 30 percent of the wall has been painte

d. 墙壁有30%已被刷漆。

并列主语受every, each修饰时谓语用单数还是复数

请看两个句子：

Every boy and girl __________ the film.

Each boy and girl __________ the film.

A. likes，likes

B. like，like

C. likes，like

D. like，likes

此题应选A。该题容易误选B，认为主语部分含有boy 和girl 两部分，应该用复数。其实当两个并列主语受到each，every，no等词修饰时，其谓语通常要用单数：

Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每个男孩和女孩都穿着白衣服。

Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一个男人和女人都对此感兴趣。

Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。

Every man and (every) woman in the village knows this. 这个村子里的男男女女都知道这事。

Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被发给一个苹果。

No teacher and (no) student was present. 没有一个老师和学生出席。

He listened carefully，but no sound and no voice was heard. 他仔细地听，但是没听到一点声音。

we each等作主语谓语用单数还是复数

we each等作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，因为当we each作主语时，真正的主语是we，其后的each是修