2016年物理专业英语试卷A卷

合集下载

2016年专业英语历年考试真题

2016年专业英语历年考试真题The year 2016 marked a significant milestone in the history of specialized English exams, as it saw the introduction of several key changes that reshaped the testing landscape. As we delve into the past exam papers, it becomes evident that the focus shifted towards a more practical and context-based approach, emphasizing real-world applications of English rather than just rote learning.The reading comprehension sections of the 2016 exams were particularly noteworthy for their diverse range of topics, ranging from scientific research articles to business case studies. This shift towards a more diverse content mix reflects a growing trend towards assessing candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts across different domains. Candidates were required to not only understand the literal meaning of the text but also to infer implied meanings, understand the author's intentions, and evaluate the credibility of the information presented.The listening comprehension sections also saw a similar trend, with conversations and lectures being designed to test the candidates' ability to extract key information, understand context, and make logical deductions. This section tested the candidates' active listening skills, requiring them to actively engage with the audio material and interpret it quickly and accurately.The writing sections of the exams were also updated to reflect this new focus on practicality and real-world applications. Candidates were asked to write essays and reports that模拟真实工作场景中的写作任务， emphasizing clarity, coherence, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. The emphasis on these skills is crucial in today's globalized workforce, where effective communication is a prerequisite for success.In the light of these changes, it is important for candidates to adopt a strategic approach towards their preparation. Firstly, they should focus on developing a strong foundation in the basic language skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. This foundation willprovide them with the necessary tools to tackle the more complex tasks presented in the exams.Secondly, candidates should expose themselves to a wide range of materials, including newspapers, magazines, podcasts, and online resources, to familiarize themselves with different styles and registers of English. This will help them adapt to the diverse content mix found in the exams.Thirdly, candidates should practice regularly, focusing on improving their speed and accuracy. This can be achieved through timed practice tests and mock exams, which willhelp them familiarize themselves with the exam format and develop the necessary test-taking skills.Lastly, candidates should focus on developing their critical thinking skills. This involves analyzing and evaluating information, identifying arguments and counterarguments, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. These skills will be crucial in the writing and reading comprehension sections of the exams.In conclusion, the 2016 professional English exams marked a significant shift towards a more practical andcontext-based approach. Candidates need to prepare strategically, focusing on developing a strong foundationin basic language skills, exposing themselves to a wide range of materials, practicing regularly, and developing critical thinking skills. By doing so, they will be well-prepared to face the challenges of the exams and succeed in their professional careers.**2016年专业英语历年考试真题深度解析与备考策略**2016年对于专业英语考试来说，是一个具有里程碑意义的年份，因为这一年见证了一系列重大变革，重塑了考试格局。

物理学专业英语A5

A5 Magnets and currents
• The region around a magnet where magnetic forces act is sometimes called a magnetic field. However, see B17 for a more precise definition of a magnetic field. In diagrams, a magnetic field is represented by field lines. The stronger the field, the closer the lines. The direction of the field is the direction in which a 'free' N pole would move (though in reality, magnetic poles always exist in pairs).
A5 Magnets and currents
• Generating AC • In the generator above, a coil is rotated in a magnetic field. This induces an EMF in the coil, so a current flows. The current keeps changing direction as the coil faces first one way and then the other: it is alternating current (AC). A generator which produces AC is called an alternator. • 'One way' current from a battery is direct current (DC).

2016年职称英语考试理工A真题及答案完整版剖析

2016年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案（网友搜集整理，仅供交流学习）一、词汇1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.A.imaginationB. confirmationC.recallD. disclosure答案为D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露)2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.A.carelessB. cruelC.strongD. hard答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC. runD.prepare答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableB. stableC.suitableD.adaptable答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) –changeable (易变的)5. The new garment fits herperfectly.A.haircutB. purseC. clothesD.necklace答案为C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服)6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.A.fearB. joyC. hurtD.memory答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦)7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.A.decorateB. waterC.changeD. visit答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(给…浇水)8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.A.disabledB. pupilC.teenagerD. baby答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby(婴儿)9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warmB.severeC.hardD.dry答答案为A. mild(温暖的) – warm(温暖的)10. The details of the costume weretotally authentic.A. realB.outstandingC.creativeD. false答案为A. authentic(逼真的)– real (逼真的)11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. possibleC.ongoingD. central答案为B. potential(可能的)-possible(可能的)12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. cleverC.keyD. original答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的)– clever (聪明的)13. Stock market price tumbledafter rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. increasedC. fellD.maintained答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)14. The course gives you basic instructionsin car maintenance.A. coachingB. ideaC.termD. aspect答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching（教导）15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC.between equalsD. in particular答案为A in danger of （处于危险中）— at risk of （处于风险中）二、阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.RightB.Wrong【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】21.【题干】Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】22.【题干】The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.【选项】A.RightB.Wrong【答案】C【解析】三、概括大意Geothermal(地热)Energy1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.【题干】Paragraph1_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】C【解析】24【题干】Paragraph2_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】A【解析】25【题干】Paragraph3_____ 【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】E【解析】26【题干】Paragraph4_____ 【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】F【解析】27.【题干】A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____. 【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】B【解析】28.【题干】A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】E【解析】29.【题干】Flash plants produce hot water through _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】C【解析】30.【题干】In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】A【解析】四、阅读理解第一篇Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选抜)， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair."There is no reason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it's short on science."31.【题干】The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____【选项】rge.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.【答案】C【解析】32.【题干】Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____【选项】A.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.【答案】A【解析】33.【题干】Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_____【选项】A.his right foot had been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.【答案】B【解析】34.【题干】Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?【选项】A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.【答案】A【解析】35.【题干】In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is_____.【选项】A.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.doubtful.【答案】D【解析】第二篇Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化）TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原）ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱）lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries ofMail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一 keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一 tryingto grow too many crops on poor land一 resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover annd sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的）agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.36．The Sahel zone is an area which ___.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan答案：a37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted答案：b38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means ___.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened答案：d39. What is the root causeof desertification?A. poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species答案：a40. In order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b第三篇OlderVolcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculatedthe "killing efficiency" for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔岩) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivalsThe Permian (二叠纪)extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about10gigatonnes (十亿吨) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (种类)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. "The most recentones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龙) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geoophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousandsor millions of years. He also adds that itis difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and thatlava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones becauseA. older volcanoes were brighter.B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmerC. older volcanoes were hotterD. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily答案：d42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions byA. estimating how long they lastedB. counting the dinosaurs they killedC. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava producedD. studying the chemical composition oflava答案：c43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years agoC. 65 million years agoD. 60 million years ago答案：c44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______A. a political issue.B. self-evident.C. quite certainD. controversial答案：d45. What is the main thesis of thearticle?A. Volcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructiveD. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption答案：c五、补全短文：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. _____(46) The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape —one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees —to walk on two legs."These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs", said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource._____(47)Over time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's "outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. _____(48)The chimpanzees' behavior was monitored in three situations: when only oil palm nuts were available, when a small number of coula nuts were available，and when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzeestransported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. _____(49)In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available-even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. _____(50)46.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut —the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】B【解析】47.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut —the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】A【解析】48.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut —the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】E【解析】49.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut —the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】F【解析】50.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut —the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】C【解析】六、完形填空CellPhone Lets Your Secrets OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on thedevice according to a new studyDNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones（翻盖手机）of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user's earThe scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62) the phones and cleaned each phoneonce more.The scientists discovered DNA that _____belonged______(63) to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples werecollected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNAthat belonged to other people who had apparently also ____handed______ (64) thephone。

2016高考英语全国卷一-附答案-word版

2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语试卷类型A第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15B. £ 9. 18C. £ 9. 15答案是C。

1. What are the speakers talking about?A. Having a birthday party.B. Doing some exercise.C. Getting Lydia a gift.2. What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man.B. Take a bus.C. Get a camera.3. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Tell Kate to stop.B. Call Kate, s friends.C. Stay away from Kate.4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a wine shop.B. In a supermarket.C. In a restaurant.5. What does the woman mean?A. Keep the window closed.B. Go out for fresh air.C. Turn on the fan.听第6段材料，回答6、7题。

2016职称英语--理工A试题及部分答案

1.阅读（15分）Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall‟s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.2.阅读（15分）Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，once it gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star…s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nu clear explosion.“There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star，it saves some of the star…s matter from beingdevoured by the black hole.The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star‟s matter out of the black hole…s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats up as it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York，US2.“It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it…s something tha t needs to be more studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.3.阅读（12分）Researchers Discover Why Humans Began WalkingUpright研究人员发现为何人类开始直立行走Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape —one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees —to walk on two legs.我们大多数人每天行走并且用手携带东西。

2016年职称英语理工A试卷及复习资料

2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB. ConfirmationC.recallD. Disclosure2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.A.carelessB. CruelC.strongD. Hard3. You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC. RunD.prepare4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. ChangeableB. StableC.suitableD.adaptable5. The new garment fits her perfectly.A.haircutB. PurseC. ClothesD.necklace6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.A.fearB. JoyC. HurtD.memory7. They have to build canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB. WaterC.changeD. Visit8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.A.disabledB. PupilC.teenagerD. Baby9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. WarmB.severeC.hardD.dry10. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. RealB.outstandingC.creativeD. False11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. PossibleC.ongoingD. Central12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. CleverC.keyD. Original13. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. IncreasedC. FellD.maintained14. The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.A. CoachingB. IdeaC.termD. Aspect15. All houses within 100 metres of these as at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC.between equalsD. in particular第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

英语物理试题及答案

英语物理试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?A. NewtonB. JouleC. WattD. Coulomb2. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?A. 299,792 kilometers per secondB. 299,792 meters per secondC. 299,792 miles per hourD. 299,792 feet per second3. The formula for calculating work done in physics is:A. Work = Force × DistanceB. Work = Force × TimeC. Work = Mass × AccelerationD. Work = Force × Velocity4. Which of the following is not a fundamental force in nature?A. Gravitational forceB. Electromagnetic forceC. Nuclear forceD. Frictional force5. The principle of conservation of energy states that:A. Energy can be created or destroyed.B. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.C. Energy can only be transformed from one form to another.D. Energy can be transformed and destroyed.6. What is the formula for calculating the kinetic energy ofan object?A. KE = 1/2 mv^2B. KE = 1/2 mvC. KE = mv^2D. KE = mv7. The law of reflection states that:A. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.B. The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection.C. The angle of incidence is less than the angle ofreflection.D. The angle of reflection is always 90 degrees.8. What is the primary difference between a conductor and an insulator?A. Conductors have a higher resistance than insulators.B. Conductors allow the flow of electric current, while insulators do not.C. Insulators have a higher resistance than conductors.D. Conductors are made of metals, while insulators are not.9. The formula for calculating the electric power is:A. Power = Voltage × CurrentB. Power = Voltage / CurrentC. Power = Current^2 / VoltageD. Power = Voltage^2 / Current10. The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed of light is given by the equation:A. Speed = Wavelength × FrequencyB. Speed = Wavelength / FrequencyC. Speed = 1 / (Wavelength × Frequency)D. Speed = Frequency / Wavelength二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The SI unit for electric current is the ________.2. The process of an object moving from a higher potential energy to a lower potential energy is called ________.3. The formula for calculating the gravitational force between two objects is ________.4. The SI unit for electric charge is the ________.5. The formula for calculating the electric field strength is ________.6. The principle that states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction is known as ________.7. The formula for calculating the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire is ________.8. The SI unit for temperature is the ________.9. The process of converting electrical energy into other forms of energy is called ________.10. The formula for calculating the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is ________.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.2. Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants.3. Discuss the concept of the Doppler effect and its applications.四、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. A 5 kg object is moving at a velocity of 10 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.2. A 10 m long wire carries a current of 5 A. If the wire is placed in a magnetic field with a strength of 0.2 T,calculate the magnetic force acting on the wire.五、实验题（每题20分，共20分）1. Design an experiment to demonstrate the principle of the conservation of momentum. Include the materials needed, the procedure, and the expected results.答案：一、选择题1. A2. B3. A4. D5. B6. A7. A8. B9. A10. A二、填空题1. Ampere2. Energy conversion3. F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2 (where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between their centers)4. Coulomb5. E = F / q (where E is the。

2016年职称英语考试理工类(A)级试题及答案解析

2016年职称英语考试理工类（A）级试题及答案解析(1/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever下一题(2/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第2题The latest car model embodies the new research development.A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens上一题下一题(3/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第3题The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry上一题下一题(4/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第4题She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer上一题下一题(5/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

2016职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2016职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12016职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Only very distant relatives score enough “points” to become professional worsted tennis players. There is a nice blend of tomboy and prude in some of today’s good ones. Many of the precocious young titans of the courts have to fight jitters; and in the case of the junior that comes along only once a decade or so, the fight grows veritable when the captain sticks out an unbald head in a kind of harness some fifty-year-old lady put out of so-called clear scraps. (10)The fight against jitter moves in its small phases. At first, the junior finds it relatively easy to bulldoze his way through a local tournament. This gives a boost for bigger game, national and even international tournaments. The real fight is knowing how to hit on a ball on the court. This is the hard one for sexagenarian dotards to analyze—not only because the shot lingers but also because the precise moment for taking the hit comes only once every five seconds, so that knowing where the hit is going to be is batting .200; but knowing the moment is a beserk fight against time, tide and terror. Even some of the worsted pros have been known to chug at the juice to dull the squealing butterflies in their stomach. Other musclemen chug beer or radiators.If a Worst has a “good” b ad day when yards of tennis can go wham, bam, thank you ma’am, with hardly a misdeed loophole, the which what what mucks them up is more likely to come from lack of wind, since their little guts are oiled up like a used motorcycle chain. Caloric starvation due to worry may also be a cause, since as soon as that dirty laundry has gotten hung out to dry, the jitterer feels tired—such is the fight against jitter. When the national champion, a 25-year-old who can top the kiddies aaseily 6-4, 6-1 or make worse a French Korean, despite the wind breaking into three-fourths gales, gets up in themorning to meet some electron-charged fourteen-year-old, it is jitter time again.21. A fast horse may win a __________ easily.A. junior tennis matchB. small tennis gameC. game between prosD. national tennis match【答案】B22. The “moment” in the passage refers to ___________.A. the moment to take the hit on the ballB. the moment to remember the hit on the ballC. the moment to enjoy the hit on the ballD. the moment to watch the hit on the ball【答案】A23. Caloric starvation due to worry may cause a worsted pro to ___________.A. drink beerB. dul the squealing butterflies in stomachC. lug at the juiceD. feel tired【答案】D24. The national champion is likely to be topped by__________.A. another national championB. some electron-charged kidsC. some French KoreansD. some eighteen-year-old muscleman【答案】BPart II Vocabulary & Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.25.―Let’s send the form to the head office.―Why don’t we have Mr. Brown __________ it up?A. lookB. lookingC. lookedD. looks26. I wish they had informed me of __________ change in the schedule in advance.A. theB. aC. anD. /27. Not until all the guests __________ did the party start.A. will arriveB. would arriveC. arrivesD. arrived28. If Mary had worked harder, she __________ the examination.A. would passB. passedC. should have passedD. would have passedPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best fills the blank.The day-long queue in the hot sun was not exactly the best way to find out you’ve got ca ncer. But for many in this small Greek town, the early__29__ came right after a political protest on a similar issue. The clinic that was providing the free__30__ we had been waiting for quite a while __31__ over budget troubles. The fundings of all such projects seemed to be seriously __32__ in the near future.But this local win over the crisis was a wake-up call for __33__. And food was ___34___ the place they decided to start. The island’s supermarkets now not only give away__35__ food, but they pac k up all the unwanted fresh goods too so we don’t__36__ anything at all. Why wasn’t it on everyone’s lips __37__? After all, what child goes hungry at school in Greece these days?Hunger might not be new to the country, but the tight__38__ of buying even the most basic goods revealed itself in mostly notthe __39__ places. These days even the week’s__40__ 20 euros disappear quickly.29. A. warningB. signC. warning signD. indicator【答案】A30. A. check-upB. treatmentC. foodD. produce【答案】B31. A. agreedB. overC. upD. reached【答案】B32. A. lackingB. lacking outC. thinned outD. ran out【答案】A33. A. many peopleB. these peopleC. some peopleD. the people 【答案】B34. A. importantB. mostC. whereD. twenty【答案】B35. A. thrown-outB. thrownC. thrown foodD. wasted【答案】A36. A. useB. allowC. letD. lack【答案】C37. A. beforeB. thoughC. afterD. then【答案】D38. A. spendingB. budgetingC. budgetD. security-keeping【答案】C39. A. supposedB. supposingC. usualD. visible【答案】A40. A. necessaryB. essentialsC. neededD. requirement【答案】BPart IV Error Correction (10 points)Directions: In this part, there are 10 sentences. In each sentence, there is one part that has to be corrected. You should identify the part that should be corrected and then write the correction in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.41. All of a sudden, there goes the church bellsA.C.D. 、42. If I were you. I would wait until the rain stopsA.B.C.D.43. The teacher as well as the students are going to the science museumA.B.C.D.44. It is almost impossible for anyone repair the clock without special toolsA.B.D.45. I will go skiing with Tim's group or with Sara or with Ceri.A.B.C.D.Part V Writing (10 points)Directions: There is a composition of not less than 80 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Write on the topic: High Salary as Top Priority or Job Satisfaction.【答案解析：点击查看下一页】Part I Reading Comprehension21. 【答案】B。

2016物理专业英语

• Elastic collision a collision in which colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat • 弹性碰撞相互碰撞的两物体没有发生行变和热量 • Inelastic collision a collision in which the colliding objects become distorted and generated heat during the collision • 非弹性碰撞在碰撞过程中物体变形且产生热量
• • •
Power the time rare of work P=W/t 功率做功和时间的比值 p=w/t Energy the property of a system that enables it to do work • 能量可以让它工作的东西
• Sumamry of key Terms • Rotational inertia that property of an object to resist any change in its state of rotation:if at rest the body tends to remain atrest;if rotating,it tends to remain rotaing and will continue to do so unless acted upon by a net extemal torque. • 转动惯量一个对象的属性来抵抗在旋转状态下任何改变：其本身保持静止或一直转动状态，除非受到外力的干扰。
Friction （摩擦力） The force that opposes the relative motion of contacting media. • 反对接触介质的相对运动的力。 •

专业英语试卷A【考试试卷答案】

《专业英语》课程考试试卷（A）一、短语翻译（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、醇类物质的命名；2. 诱导和反馈抑制3. 分支代谢途径调节4. 酶的固定化5、核苷酸和核酸6、微生物和病毒7、常规分批发酵法酒精生产工艺8、黑曲霉柠檬酸生产的生物化学9、L-谷氨酸的发酵10细菌的基因克隆;二、根据专业词汇的构词法翻译下列专业词汇（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、Dihydroxyacetone;2、Deoxyribonucleic acid；3、Monocarboxylic acid;4、Multilayered;5、Coenzyme；6、Immunoradioautography; 7、polysaccharide; 8、Tricarboxylic acid cycle；9、Macromolecule；10、Biodegradable surfactant;三、阅读理解（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(一) Regulation of Branched Metabolic PathwayBiosynthetic metabolic pathways often have a common enzyme sequence and then branch leading to more than one end-product. Microorganisms have evolved feedback mechanisms, whereby a build-up of one end-product cause a feedback effect on the first enzyme of the branch leading to that product. In addition, mechanisms exist whereby the end-product of a branched pathway causes partial feedback inhibition of the first enzymes of the common sequence so that the flux of substrate passing through this sequence is proportionately reduced. This effect is achieved by use of isoenzymes, concerted feedback regulation and cumulative feedback regulation. These regulatory effect can be of two types: inhibition of enzyme activity and repression of enzyme synthesis. Where isoenzymes (multiple enzyme forms capable of catalysing the same reaction) are involved, the synthesis or inhibition of each enzyme form may be regulated by a different end-product. With concerted feedback regulation, only one enzyme is involved, but more than one product must be present to inhibit activity or repress enzyme synthesis. With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes partial inhibition or repression and all end-products are required to completely block activity or synthesis.1.In the first sentence, ‘a common enzyme sequence’ means:(1)the reaction sequence catalysed by the enzymes(2)that the enzyme has the same amino acids sequence2.In concerted feedback regulation the enzyme is inhibited and repressed by(1)several kinds of end-products(2)only one kind of end-product3.The isoenzymes means:(1)the enzymes have different functions(2)the enzymes are capable of catalysing the same reaction4.With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes:(1)complete inhibition and repression(2)partial inhibition or repression(二）Immobilization of enzymesEnzymes are often used as nonrecoverable chemical reagents, in which case they are added to the substrate incubated at the required temperature and pH for a period and subsequently destroyed. Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are used in this way. Alternatively, enzymes may be attached to an inert support (immobilized). This offers the advantages of (1) recovery and re-use of the enzymes, in batch reactors; or (2) the development of continuously operated enzyme reactions similar to continuous fermentation systems used for microorganisms; (3) the possibility of multi-enzyme systems; and (4) the enzyme does not remain in the processed solution. However, there are some disadvantages, the enzyme may be stabilized by immobilization but it may also lose activity, and the process becomes technically more complex.There are many ways to immobilize enzymes, the common procedures involve (1)absorption to an insoluble support of either organic or inorganic origin. Cellulose, dextran, nylon and bentonite are some of the many carriers that have been used. Attachment may be by physical adsorption, ionic binding or covalent bonding. (2) Entrapment methods in which the enzyme is localized within a polymer matrix are popular and include gel or fiber entrapment and microencapsulation in which the enzyme is enclosed within sperical semipermeable polymer membranes. (3) A simple but effectiveprocedure is to immobilize the enzyme within the host cell by heat treatment or covalent cross-linking following by pelleting the cells.Are the following statements true or false?（1）Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are destroyed after the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is completed ( )（2）The advantages of immobilization of the enzymes include the stability of the enzymes and the increase of the enzyme activity ( )（3）By immobilization of the enzymes, it is possible to operate the enzyme reactions continuously ( )（4）In the last paragraph, the word “insoluble support” has the same meaning as the word “carrier”四、英译汉（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(1) Previously, enzymes were prepared mainly from animal organs and plant seeds. However, these sources of enzyme have their limits both in quantity and quality. Microbes, on the contrary, can be cultured at large scale by simple methods. Also, in this case, selective production of certain enzyme in large quantities is possible by adjusting the conditions of culture. Further, microbes have marked adaptability, and mutant species can be induced artificially. Thanks to these advantageous properties, enzymes which cannot be produced from animals and plants can be obtained from microbes.(2)The establishment of L-glutamic acid fermentation provided a significant impetus to the development of microbial production of primary metabolites. Encouraged by the establishment of the L-glutamic acid fermentation, various research projects have been carried out in the attempt to isolate wild strains or derive genetic mutants producing various kinds of amino acids. As a result, almost all of the amino acids are now commercially produced by fermentation.五、汉译英（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1. 化合物是一种可以分解成两种或两种以上元素的物质2. 这些微生物的相关特性是它们是非病原性的(nonpathogenic)，而且易于保存，培养时花费不多。

物理学专业英语A2

7
A2 Work, energy, and power
Calculating potential energy (PE) • The stone above has potential energy. This is equal to the work done in lifting it to a height h above the ground. • The stone, mass m, has a weight of mg. • So the force needed to overcome gravity and lift it is mg. • • • • • As the stone is Iifted through a height h: work done = force x distance moved = mg x h So potential energy = mgh For example, if a 2 kg stone is 5 m above the ground, and g is 10 N kg-1, then the stone's PE = 2 x 10 x 5 = 100 J.
10
A2 Work, energy, and power
vectors, scalars, and energy • Vectors have magnitude and direction. When adding vectors, you must allow for their direction. In A1, for example, there are diagrams showing two 6 N forces being added. In one, the resultant is 12 N. In the other, it is zero. • Scalars are quantities which have magnitude but no direction. Examples include mass, volume, energy, and work. Scalar addition is simple. If 6 kg of mass is added to 6 kg of mass, the result is always 12 kg. Similarly, if an object has 6 J of PE and 6 J of KE, the total energy is 12 J. • As energy is a scalar, PE and KE can be added without allowing for direction. The stone on the right has the same total PE + KE throughout its motion. As it starts with the same PE as the stone in the previous diagram, it has the same KE (and speed) when it is about to hit the ground.

2016年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）（含解析版）

2016年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）（含解析版）2016年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothavehe ardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyo uthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAdd amstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheenc ouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeo pleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowint heNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmi ghtnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawaren essofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalson humansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDa yO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfor dLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshe wasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Co nnorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yea rsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswoul dnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedPark sinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedfor morethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmoveme nt.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidPar ks.21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herteachingskills.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.22.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythel awfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RossParks.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplanned tomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSa nAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.Onlyafteray earoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryea rsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,giving themacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoare movingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereiseviden cesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smo ther-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintothe WhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastud ,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson ’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamil y.“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfrom homefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”s aysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents .“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobe nearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstob ewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsom etimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgra ndchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrug gling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdeci si on?A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C.83%believedithadabadinfluence.D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastp aragraph?A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown.B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.CIamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’v edone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlong theylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hour satmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica .IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeantt oflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthechec k-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorr y,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonth edeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyne ed edforapatient—please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”S hejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanet obeheldforme.re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanori ginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsc iouslyawarethatinthatboxyou ’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“cou rier”inParagraph1?A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon.B.T oNewark.C.ToProvidence.D.T oWashington.DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesm aybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtos ay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasines s,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremel yuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilencean dviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofco mmunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandTh aipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesissp eakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidb eforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhende alingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdif ferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthe topicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninst ructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatp ersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsiancu lturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorap ersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhenthey comeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing. Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructio nofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorall owedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpat ientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcar efulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

2016年职称英语考试真题理工类A级答案完整版-推荐下载

2016年职称英语考试真题理工类A级考试真题及答案一、下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A. honestB.qualifiedC. enabledD.clever2. The latest car model embodies thenew research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD.broadens3. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremeA. severeB.hardC.warmD. dry4. Sheis an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A. gradeB.attractC. bearD. suffer5. Hewore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A.oldB.bigC. newD.small6. The weather was so gorgeous thatmany people went outing.A. uncontrollableB. pleasantC. cloudyD. unbearable7. Competitors must abide by thejudge's decisionA. keepB. readC. understandD. obey8. The umbrella was ingeniously devisedto fold up into the pocket.A. seriouslyB. cleverlyC. attentivelyD. carefully9. Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.A.especiallyB.whollyC. totallyD. fairly10. His answers were obscure and confusing.A.unclearB.obviousC. clearD. direct11. The way she looked after her youngsister was really touchingA. disturbingB. connectingC.movingD.waving12. We are worried about this fluid situationfull with uncertainty.A. stableB. suitableC.changeableD.adaptable13. They have built canals to irrigatethe desert.A. decorateB.changeC. visitD.water14. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. outstandingB. realC. creativeD. false15. The new garment fits herperfectly. A．clothes B.haircut C. purse D.necklace二、下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

物理学专业英语A1

• • average speed = •
displacement time taken
• The SI unit of velocity is also the m s-1. But unlike speed, velocity is a vector.
5
A1 Motion,mass,and forces
ball returns to starting point
4
A1 Motion,mass,and forces
Speed and velocity
• Average speed is calculated like this:
• • average speed = •
distance travelled time taken
2
A1 Motion,mass,and forces
Displacement
• Displacement is distance moved in a particular direction. The SI unit of displacement is the metre (m) .
• Quantities, such as displacement, which have both magnitude (size) and direction, are called vectors.
• Movement of 12m to the right: displacement = +12 • Movement of 12m to the left: displacement = -12
3
A1 Motion,mass,and forces
Displacement • Displacement is not necessarily the same as distance travelled. For example,

2016年职称英语考试理工A真题及答案【完整版】

2016年职称英语理工A真题第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation.A. imaginationB. confirmationC. recallD. disclosure2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very (brutal).A. carelessB. cruelC. strongD. hard3. You’ll have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train.A. jumpB. escapeC. runD. prepare4. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableB. stableC. suitableD. adaptable5. The new (garment) fits her perfectly.A. haircutB. purseC. clothesD. necklace6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood (trauma).A. fearB. joyC. hurtD. memory7. They have to build canals to (irrigate) the desert.A. decorateB. waterC. changeD. visit8.Her overall language proficiency remains that of a (toddler).A. disabledB. pupilC. teenagerD. baby9. The coastal area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warmB. severeC. hardD.dry10. The details of the costume were totally (authentic).A. realB. outstandingC. creativeD. false11. We are aware of the (potential) problems.A. globalB. possibleC. ongoingD. central12. The idea was quite (brilliant).A. positiveB. cleverC. keyD. original13. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A. regulatedB. increasedC. fellD. maintained14. The course gives you basic (instructions) in car maintenance.A. coachingB. ideaC. termD. aspect15. All houses within 100 metres of the seas (at risk) of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC. between equalsD. in particular第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2016职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2016职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big Sister's Super Hard TestMy big sister Monica just took a really hard test called the 2016 Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering Class A. She had to study for it for like a whole year! It was all in English which is not even our first language. I'm only 8 years old but I tried to help her prepare as much as I could.First, she had to read all these long, boring articles and books about science and technology topics. There were chapters on mechanical design, information technology, environmental studies, and more. I didn't understand most of it but I let her quiz me on the vocabulary words. Words like "algorithm", "dimensional", "sustainable", and "mechanism." Those were hard!Then she had to practice different kinds of questions they could ask on the test. Like summarizing the main points of a passage, or answering open-ended questions analyzing the information. There were fill-in-the-blank grammar sections toowhich seemed really nitpicky. My favorite part was when she would transcribe a audio recording because I got to listen to the scientists and engineers talking in their funny accents.A few weeks before the test, Monica started doing full practice tests to get ready. They looked so long and exhausting! The listening section alone had around 25 questions and the reading had 40-50 questions, not to mention the writing section where she had to write a whole essay from scratch. I would get so sleepy and bored sitting next to her while she worked through them.Finally, the big day came and Monica went to take the Professional Title test. It lasted over 3 hours! When she came home, she looked beat. I asked how it went and she made a crooked smile and said "I'm not sure, but I gave it my best shot."I gave her a big hug because she worked so hard to get ready.A couple months later, the scores came out online. Monica passed We had a little celebration with cake and sparklers. I was so proud of my big sis. She said scoring highly on this test is really important for getting a higher professional title and pay level as an engineer in China. It was a lot of work but worth it in the end.Now I'll share some of the actual test questions and answers from Monica's test materials so you can see how hard it was:Listening ComprehensionQuestion 1: What is the main purpose of the speaker's experiment?A) To determine the optimal conditions for plant growthB) To study the effects of climate change on agricultureC) To analyze the impact of pesticides on crop yieldsD) To investigate new irrigation techniquesQuestion 2: According to the speaker, which of the following is a disadvantage of the proposed design?A) It is too expensive to implement.B) It requires a large amount of energy.C) It produces excessive noise pollution.D) It has a negative environmental impact.Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 was about the development of renewable energy sources. It described the potential benefits and challenges of solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.Question 1: According to the passage, which of the following is a major advantage of solar energy?A) It produces no greenhouse gas emissions.B) The technology is relatively inexpensive.C) Solar panels require little maintenance.D) It can be implemented in any geographic location.Question 2: The author mentions which of the following as a disadvantage of wind power?A) Wind turbines are unsightly.B) The wind is an intermittent energy source.C) Wind farms require large amounts of land.D) Both B and CTranslationDirections: Translate the following passage from English to Chinese."As the global population continues to rise, putting strain on the world's resources, there is an urgent need to transition to more sustainable practices across all sectors. In manufacturing, adopting a circular economy model can significantly reduce material waste and environmental impact. The basic principle is to design products for longevity, reuse, and recycling rather than disposability. This entails..."WritingPrompt: Advances in artificial intelligence and robotics will have a major impact on the future job market and economy. Discuss some of the potential effects, both positive and negative, that increased automation may have. What steps should societies take to prepare for these changes? Develop your position with relevant reasons and examples.Those are just a few examples, but as you can see the test covered all kinds of science, technology, and engineering topics at a pretty high level. My poor sister worked so hard to master all that advanced material in English! I'm just glad it's over and she passed. Maybe in 10 more years when I'm an adult, I'll have to take it too. But for now, I'll leave the Professional Title English Tests to my big sis!篇2The 2016 Professional Test was Really Hard!Hi everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. Last year, my dad had to take a really difficult English test for his job as an engineer. It was called the 2016 Professional English Test for Workers in Science and Engineering Fields (Level A). I watched him study a ton for it and he let me look at some of the questions afterward. They were super tricky! Let me tell you all about it.There was a listening section where they played conversations and talks in English and you had to answer multiple choice questions. One conversation was between two co-workers discussing a project timeline. The man said "We're already behind schedule on the Bennett project due to those supplier delays." The woman replied "Yes, and our client is getting antsy about the lack of progress." Then it asked what the "antsy" meant and I remembered my dad saying it means nervous or impatient. Tricky vocabulary words like that were all over the listening section!For the reading section, there were long technical passages about things like engineering processes, scientific research, andmanufacturing methods. You really had to concentrate and use all your brain power. I remember one passage was about a new type of renewable energy technology using biomass sources. It explained the chemical processes involved in great detail. The questions asked very specific things about the steps described in the passage. My dad spent a lot of time re-reading those dense passages very carefully.Then there was an awesome section all about technical writing and communication skills. It tested things like how to write clear instructions, describe a technical process, or synthesize information from multiple sources into one report. One question gave a bunch of details about a product design and you had to organize the details into a proper introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Another question made you identify the weakness in someone's proposal letter. My personal favorite part!But I think my dad struggled the most with the speaking section. He had to give all his spoken responses in a recording booth with a time limit. One question made him explain a complex scientific concept, like nuclear fusion or something. Another made him propose a solution to a hypothetical technical problem. And he really had to show off his English speaking skillsby using advanced vocabulary, proper grammar, good organization, and clear pronunciation.There was also a writing section where he had to type out things like design specifications, progress reports, proposals, and technical definitions. It was crazy how much writing they expected! One of the essays asked him to recommend whether a company should invest in a new eco-friendly manufacturing process based on weighing the pros and cons. I remember he kept revising and revising his essays to make them perfect.Overall, the whole test seemed incredibly challenging with all the different sections and skills it covered. My dad had to understand complex technical content, speak and write at a professional level, and demonstrate communication abilities - all in his second language of English! I was so proud of him for passing. He said it was one of the most mentally exhausting experiences of his life.I'm glad I'm just a kid and don't have to worry about taking huge tests like that for many more years. For now, I'll stick to my spelling and times tables tests at school! But it was really interesting to learn about the types of challenges that working adults in scientific and engineering fields face. Major props to anyone who can pass that Professional English beast of an exam.I have a whole new appreciation for what my dad does at his job. Let me know if you've ever had to take a crazy difficult test like that before!篇3The 2016 Professional English Test (Level A) for Science and EngineeringHello everyone! My name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. Our teacher Mr. Johnson told us we would be taking a very important test today called the Professional English Test for Science and Engineering. He said it's a test that real engineers and scientists have to take to show they can speak and understand English well.I was a little nervous at first, but then Mr. Johnson reminded us that even though it's a grown-up test, he made it just for us kids. Doesn't that sound fun? Let me tell you all about it!Reading ComprehensionThe first part was reading comprehension. We had to read a few passages and answer questions about them. The first passage was about how airplanes fly. It used some big words like "aerodynamics" and "lift" but Mr. Johnson helped us understand what they meant.One of the questions was: "What causes the wing of an airplane to generate lift?" I remembered from the passage that it's because the wing is tilted just a little bit, so the air flows faster over the top. The faster air moves, the lower the pressure, which pushes the wing up. I got that one right!Another passage was about solids, liquids and gases. It explained how molecules in solids are packed tightly together, while in liquids they can slide around more. And in gases, the molecules just zip around everywhere! The question asked which state has molecules that are most disorganized. I put gases because that's what the passage said.Listening ComprehensionNext was the listening part. Mr. Johnson played some audio clips and we had to answer questions after each one. The first clip was about the life cycle of butterflies. It described how they start as tiny eggs, then become caterpillars who eat a lot. After that, they weave a little cocoon and go through "metamorphosis" - that's a fancy word for the amazing changes they undergo to become beautiful butterflies!One question was: "What do caterpillars do before metamorphosis?" I marked down that they spin a cocoon, because that's what I heard in the audio. Another asked what thefour stages of the cycle are. I wrote: egg, caterpillar, cocoon, butterfly. Nailed it!The next audio clip was about the planet Mars. It covered fun facts like Mars being the fourth planet from the sun, and that it's often called the Red Planet because of its rusty color. A question asked why Mars looks red. The clip explained it's due to iron minerals in the soil - when they get exposed to oxygen, they oxidize or rust, just like an old nail here on Earth.Writing TestThen篇4The 2016 Big Important English Test for Science Smart PeopleHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about this really hard English test I had to take last year. It was called the 2016 Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering Subjects - Level A. That's a really long name! I'll just call it the Big Science English Test.The test was super difficult because it was made forgrown-ups who are scientists and engineers and know all aboutcomplicated science and math things. But my parents really wanted me to take it anyway because they said it would be good practice for when I'm older.So early one Saturday morning, I had to go to the testing center downtown. It was in this big building with lots of classrooms. There were so many other kids and grown-ups there too, all looking really nervous. I felt a little scared, but tried to stay brave.When it was time to start, a lady came in and handed out the test booklets. Mine was so thick! It had reading passages, listening sections, writing tasks, and all sorts of stuff. Way more than we normal get for tests at school. The lady explained all the rules really slowly and clearly so everyone understood. Then she set her timer and said "You may begin!"The first part was reading comprehension. I had to read these long, long passages that talked about science topics like physics, chemistry, biology, and computer stuff. The passages used such big fancy words that I'd never heard before. I had to keep looking them up in the dictionary. After reading each passage, there were questions about the main ideas, details, vocabulary, and making inferences. Those were so hard! I had to read the passages like three or four times.Next up was the listening section. This part was a little easier for me because I just had to listen篇5My 2016 Science and English Test AdventureHi friends! Today I want to tell you all about the big important test I took last year called the Professional English Test for Science and Engineering. It was a level A test, which means it was really hard! But I studied super duper hard and I think I did a pretty good job. Let me walk you through some of the questions I had to answer.Reading ComprehensionThe first part was all about reading. They gave me a long science-y passage and asked me bunches of questions about what I read. One question was like this:Passage: ...The hydraulic system transfers force from one point to another via an incompressible fluid...Question: Which of the following is true about the fluid in a hydraulic system?A) It cannot be compressedB) It is a gasC) It transfers energy through motionD) It is made of solidsWell I knew the answer had to be A because the passage said the fluid cannot be compressed, which means it's incompressible! Wasn't that a tricky one?Another question asked me to identify the main idea of the whole passage. That was pretty hard because the passage was super long and had all these big words I didn't know. But I read it very carefully and picked the answer that seemed to sum up what the main point was.WritingAfter the reading part, I had to do some writing. They asked me to pick one of two topics and write a short essay responding to the prompt. One of the prompts was:"Many scientific advancements over the past century have dramatically improved our quality of life. However, some have also caused negative impacts on the environment and human health. Describe one positive and one negative impact of a major scientific advancement and discuss whether you believe its benefits outweigh its costs."Woah, that's a really big question for a little kid like me! But I tried my best. I wrote about how the invention of plastic has helped us have cheap packaging and containers for food and toys. But I also said plastic pollution is really bad for the environment and animals like sea turtles.At the end, I said I think the benefits probably still outweigh the costs because plastic makes so many useful things affordable for everyone. But we need to work really hard on reducing the plastic waste too. I don't know if my essay was perfect, but I felt okay about my answer!ListeningAnother section tested my listening skills. They played an audio recording all about a science topic and asked me comprehension questions. One question went something like this:Recording: "...The xylem tissue transports water and nutrients upwards from the roots, while the phloem distributes food and sugars produced by photosynthesis down to the roots and rest of the plant..."Question: According to the recording, what role does the phloem tissue play in plant biology?A) It carries water upwardsB) It transports photosynthesis productsC) It absorbs nutrients from the soilD) It produces oxygenI chose B because the recording clearly said the phloem distributes the sugars made by photosynthesis throughout the plant. I was pretty confident I got that one correct!SpeakingProbably the hardest part was the speaking section. I had to look at a picture and describe what I saw using scientific vocabulary. Then I had to answer some questions the test grader asked me based on the picture.The picture showed some kids doing an experiment with a glass of water, food coloring, and a celery stalk. The questions were things like "What do you think is the purpose of this experiment?" and "What process is being demonstrated here?"I tried to explain that the colored water was traveling up through the celery stalk because of capillary action and the vascular tissue in the plant stem. I had just learned about that inscience class, so I worked really hard to remember all the right terms!The grader also asked me to pretend I was giving instructions to someone on how to actually do this celery experiment. I walked through adding the food coloring to the water, trimming the celery bottom, placing it in the cup, and waiting to observe how the colored water moves up the stem. Phew, that part was tricky!Overall ThoughtsWell, that's a taste of what the big level A science and English test was like for me! There were writing sections, reading sections, listening comprehension, speaking prompts - it covered all the English skills!Some parts were pretty hard and had questions that made me really think. But other parts let me show off what I already knew about science topics we had covered in school. I spent a lot of time preparing by studying science vocabulary, reading science articles, and practicing my English skills.In the end, I felt like I gave it my best effort. The test was definitely challenging, but also kind of fun to take on such a big challenge. If you're going to take the Professional English Testtoo, just make sure you study really hard beforehand. And don't be nervous - just do your best!Okay friends, that's my full report on my big science and English testing adventure. Let me know if you have any other questions! Time for me to go learn about another cool science topic...篇6My Big Sister's Hard TestMy big sister Anna is really smart. She's in university studying to be an engineer. This year she had to take a super hard test called the 2016 Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering. It's a big important test she needs to pass to get a special title and job one day. I watched her study really hard for weeks!The test had lots of different sections - reading, writing, listening, translation, and more. Anna showed me some of the questions after and they looked so tricky! I'll share some with you:Reading ComprehensionThere were some long readings about science and technology topics. One was about 3D printing. The questions asked stuff like:What are the main advantages of 3D printing?A) Cheaper production costsB) Faster manufacturing timeC) More design flexibilityD) All of the aboveThe answer is D) All of the above. 3D printing lets you make lots of different shapes quickly and for less money than traditional manufacturing. Pretty cool!Another passage was about self-driving cars. It asked:Which of the following is NOT a key sensor used inself-driving cars?A) RadarB) CamerasC) LidarD) SpeedometerI didn't know this one, but Anna said the answer is D) Speedometer. The other choices are all sensors that help the car "see" its surroundings.WritingFor the writing section, Anna had to write a long essay about some scientific topic. One prompt asked her to discuss the pros and cons of nuclear power and give her opinion. She had to organize her ideas, provide examples, and use good grammar and vocabulary. Writing a whole essay in another language sounds super hard!ListeningThe listening part had lectures and conversations about science and engineering topics. Then there were questions testing if you understood the main ideas and details.One conversation was between two students talking about their engineering lab assignment. It asked:What was a main challenge the students faced with their project?A) Managing their timeB) Gathering dataC) Communicating with teammatesD) Identifying the right materialsAnna said the right answer was C) Communicating with teammates. The students said it was hard to collaborate smoothly.TranslationOh boy, this section was crazy! Anna had to translate sentences from English to Chinese and vice versa. The sentences used really technical scientific vocabulary.Like this one from English to Chinese:"The reactor coolant pumps circulate pressurized water through the nuclear reactor core."And this one from Chinese to English:"透射电子显微镜使用加速的电子射线来形成高分辨率图像。

2016年专业英语历年考试真题

2016年专业英语历年考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12016年专业英语历年考试真题Section A Reading Comprehension (共40分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:American film received its first serious analysis in the 1920s and 1930s. Most of the important early writing on film went unnoticed by the general public, partly because there was little awareness that film could be more than entertainment and partly because the stuff of the theory was difficult.The theorist from the Soviet Union brought an acute scholarly approach to the study of film to America. SergeiEisenstein, who emigrated to Hollywood in the early 1930s, was the first to write about the unique characteristics of the motion picture medium in an informed, readable way. He was also the first to tie cinema to broader cultural and social context.Julia Hirsh sees film as "a manufactured dream," an environment which has its own style, conventions, and symbolic language. Cinema is not simply a medium through which one learns history, or through which one can live fantasy, propels us imaginatively into other worlds and deepens our understanding of ourselves. The study of film therefore leads to media literacy, which is a central concern of many educators today.1. When was American film formally analyzed?A. 1920s and 1930s.B. 1950s and 1960s.C. 1930s and 1940s.D. 1940s and 1950s.2. Which of the following was not a reason why the theorist from the Soviet Unionr writings on film were not recognized?A. The writing was too theoretical.B. The public lacked awareness of film's potential.C. There were not many readable works.D. There were not many films to analyze.3. Which does Julia Hirsh mean by "cinema"?A. A new world.B. Our past.C. A manufactured dream.D. A social context.4. What did Sergei Eisenstein tie cinema to?A. Broader cultural and social context.B. Hollywood movies.C. Other books.D. New York.5. According to the passage, what does the study of film lead to?A. Media literacy.B. Scientific knowledge.C. Linguistic ability.D. Physical education.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The term "software engineering" was first introduced in the late 1960s as a response to the software crisis. The crisis was characterized by the fact that software projects were universally late, were expensive, and did not provide the promised functionality. A better way to develop software systems was, it was thought, needed.Today's generally permissible definition of software engineering is that it is the establishment of sound engineering principles to develop software. This may sound perfectly reasonable, and as an ideal it is sensible. But in practice, it is not so easy to implement. Software engineering encompasses a process, the management of technical understanding, and the development of quality software-based systems on time and on a budget.One difficulty in defining software engineering is the lack of consensus among software engineers. This may seem surprising, but it is a reflection of the immature state of the discipline. Most of the disagreement centers on the relation between thediscipline and computer science, but there are other disagreements as well.6. In which decade was the term "software engineering" first introduced?A. Late 1960s.B. Early 1960s.C. Late 1970s.D. Early 1970s.7. What was the software crisis characterized by?A. Late filmmaking.B. Early software development.C. Late software projects.D. Expensive software projects.8. What was software engineering a response to?A. The software crisis.B. The automobile crisis.C. The housing market crisis.D. The food shortage crisis.9. What is software engineering, according to the passage?A. The establishment of sound engineering principles.B. The development of quality software-based systems on time and on a budget.C. Both A and B.D. None of the above.10. What is one difficulty in defining software engineering?A. Lack of consensus among software engineers.B. Lack of interest in the field.C. Lack of research.D. Lack of funding for projects.Section B Vocabulary and Structure (共25分)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on Answer Sheet.11. We are looking ______ward to being able to handling the wiring project ourselves.A. ByB. ForC. ThroughD. To12. ______ all of its forward-thinking initiatives, the company has yet to realize any significant growth.A. DespiteB. AboveC. BesidesD. Over13. Each customer is entitled ______ singe use of the facilities.A. AtB. AsC. ToD. Along14. There are many factors that influence a person's decision on ______ his or her own business.A. StartB. StartingC. To startD. Being start15. Vacancies are available for those ______ have previous experience with network security.A. WouldB. HadC. LookingD. WhichSection C Reading Comprehension (共35分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:The coin not only has economic value; it is also a masterpiece of miniature art. For 2,500 years, the greatestsculptors of all time have tried their hands designing coins. Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Augustus were among the many rulers who demanded outstanding numismatic art.The early coin craftsmen were the Hebrews and the Greeks. The Hebrews gave the world its first artificial concept of "Right of the Individual." The Greeks displayed the human form, nature, and animals on their coins. The Romans stamped their coins with the mark of the issuing authority along with the pictures of the emperor.Collectors are enthralled by the rich variety of themes on modern coins. Among discoveries, they marvel at rare examples that sell for more than one million dollars. People are drawn to classic, incomparable art and to meaningful historic connections.Coins tell the stories of long-dead kings, heroes and battles. They recreated gives concrete evidence of a civilization that lasted a thousand years, a testament to the history of mankind.16. Who were among the rulers who demanded outstanding numismatic art design on coins according to the passage?A. The Hebrews.B. The Greeks.C. The Romans.D. Julius Caesar and Augustus.17. Which themes are collectors enthralled by?A. Modern coins.B. The human form.C. Nature and animals.D. All of the above.18. What can collectors marvel at?A. Rare examples.B. One million dollar coins.C. Both A and B.D. None of the above.19. What do coins tell the stories of?A. Kings, heroes and battles.B. Ancient civilizations.C. Rare gems.D. Long-dead animals.20. What do coins recreate?A. Concrete evidence of civilization.B. Testaments to the history of mankind.C. Both A and B.D. None of the above.Passage TwoQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Gambling is illegal. It is a felony offense. If the state does nothing about its presence, it is fostering the crime. This can be traced to several root causes. To begin with, media, including television and print, glorifies the high-stakes aspect of gambling. Players are shown to be wealthy and successful as they gamble. Observers begin to believe that this is the norm.When a player loses a bet, he or she can become desperate. Consequently, many crimes are committed when gamblers find themselves in this position. Gamblers resort to theft, embezzlement, and even violent crime in order to secure more money to pay their gambling debts.Gaming commissions make decisions affecting gambling well-being in each state. The commissions must pay attention to the cost to society when steps are taken to bring more gamblingto an area. Abuse, neglect, broken homes, theft, fraud, corruption, and suicide are just a few of the problems associated with gambling. Each has an impact on the individual as well as on the businesses and society where gambling is taking place.21. What is a felony offense?A. TV.B. Print.C. Gambling.D. Crime.22. What is one of the reasons why gambling is illegal?A. Media glorification of gambling.B. Gambling addiction.C. Crimes associated with gambling.D. None of the above.23. What do gamblers resort to when they lose a bet?A. More gambling.B. Theft, embezzlement, and violent crimes.C. Seeking help.D. Quit gambling altogether.24. What problems are associated with gambling according to the passage?A. Abuse, neglect and suicide.B. Theft, fraud and corruption.C. Both A and B.D. None of the above.25. What are the impacts of the problems associated with gambling?A. Individual, business, and society.B. Society.C. Businesses.D. None of the above.Section D Writing (共20分)Directions: You are to write in the space provided on Answer Sheet 2, one or two complete paragraphs. Write about 120-150 words. The specifics are as follows: Prose your test for qualification into advanced courses. In your writing, make sureyou deal with the sections A, B, C and D. No specific language skills are required in this section.篇2Title: 2016 Professional English Past Exam PapersProfessional English is an essential part of many exams for students studying in areas such as business, law, engineering, and more. In 2016, the professional English exam featured a variety of topics and questions to test the students' understanding and proficiency in the language. Let's take a look at some of the past exam questions from the 2016 professional English exam.1. Reading Comprehension:Read the following passage and answer the questions below.As technology continues to advance, many industries are adopting new tools and systems to streamline their operations. One example is the use of artificial intelligence in customer service, where chatbots are being used to interact with customers and provide them with assistance. While this technology has led to increased efficiency and cost savings for companies, some are concerned about the potential impact on jobs and human interaction.Questions:1. What is one example of technology being used in customer service?2. What are some of the benefits of using artificial intelligence in customer service?3. What are some concerns related to the use of chatbots in customer service?2. Writing:Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic: "The Importance of Communication Skills in the Workplace." In your essay, discuss why effective communication skills are crucial for success in the professional world and provide examples to support your argument.3. Listening:Listen to the following audio clip and answer the questions below.(Audio clip: A conversation between a customer and a sales representative)Questions:1. What is the customer interested in purchasing?2. What are the features of the product being discussed?3. How does the sales representative convince the customer to make a purchase?4. Vocabulary and Grammar:Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases.1. The company is ________ a new marketing campaign to promote their latest product.2. Effective time management is ________ for meeting project deadlines.3. He ________ his presentation with compelling data and statistics.Overall, the 2016 professional English exam covered a range of topics and skills, including reading comprehension, writing, listening, and vocabulary/grammar. These questions tested students' ability to understand and communicate in English within a professional context. Practicing past exam papers is an effective way for students to prepare for their professional English exams and improve their language skills. Good luck!篇3Title: Past Papers of Professional English Exams in 2016IntroductionProfessional English exams play an important role in evaluating one's language proficiency in the workplace. In 2016, various professional English exams were conducted, testing the candidates' reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. This document will provide a detailed analysis of the past papers of Professional English exams in 2016.Reading SectionThe reading section of the Professional English exams in 2016 included passages related to business communication, finance, marketing, and general workplace scenarios. Candidates were required to comprehend the information, identify key points, and answer questions based on the content. The passages were designed to test the candidates' ability to understand complex business texts and make inferences.Writing SectionIn the writing section, candidates were asked to write formal emails, reports, proposals, and memos. The topics included resolving workplace conflict, making business recommendations, and presenting market analysis. Candidates were evaluatedbased on their ability to organize ideas coherently, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and address the specific requirements of each task.Listening SectionThe listening section of the exams comprised audio recordings related to business meetings, presentations, telephone conversations, and interviews. Candidates were required to listen carefully, take notes, and answer questions based on the information provided. The recordings tested the candidates' ability to comprehend spoken English in a professional context and respond accurately.Speaking SectionThe speaking section of the exams involved role plays, discussions, and presentations. Candidates were evaluated on their ability to communicate effectively, express opinions, negotiate, and respond to questions. The tasks were designed to simulate real-life workplace situations and assess the candidates' fluency, pronunciation, and vocabulary.ConclusionThe Professional English exams in 2016 tested candidates' language proficiency in various aspects of communicationrelevant to the workplace. By analyzing the past papers, candidates can prepare effectively for future exams and enhance their professional English skills. It is essential for individuals working in business, finance, marketing, and other professional fields to demonstrate proficiency in English to succeed in their careers.。