专四新题型写作讲义
专四写作导学基础讲义
专四写作专四写作余子祥Thomas Yu新专四变化1、听写：1）字数由150词减为80-90词，15句群变10句群2）时间由15分钟减为10分钟2、听力理解：取消新闻听力1）讲座：新增，听前发卷，500词，填空2）会话：3篇减为2篇；每篇200词増为450词；每篇3-4题增为5题；问题从录音听取，卷面不出现。
3、语言知识：30题减为20题，原语法词汇4、完型填空：20题减为10题，15选10选词填空5、阅读理解：选择题：由20题改为10题简答题：新增，每篇1-2道，答案不多于10词6、写作：取消便条写作，改为材料作文根据题目、图表或阅读材料7、总结：1）听力难点在于讲座填空题，以及选择题卷面问题消失；2）阅读出现主观总结题，难度增加；3）完型改为选词填空，难度降低；4）以前真题中，听写、长对话、语法词汇、阅读可继续做；5）可关注专八mini演讲和六级真题长对话。
专四写作话题词汇一、教育文化：（一）教育：1、学习：1）1992：教育文化：教育（读书）2）1993：教育文化：教育（教师）3）1996：教育文化：教育（大学与中学）4）1997：教育文化：教育（学习压力）5）2014：教育文化：教育（英语与数学）1）1992：教育文化：教育（读书）Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:My View on Reading ExtensivelyWrite the composition in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your view is on “reading extensively”.In the second paragraph, give at least two reasons to support your view.And in the last paragraph, give a brief summary of what you have discussed in the preceding paragraphs.2）1993：教育文化：教育（教师）Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the FutureRequirements:Write the composition in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your view is on “becoming a teacher in the future”.In the second paragraph, give at least two reasons to support your view.Finally, in the last paragraph, give a brief summary of what you have discussed in the preceding paragraphs.3）1996：教育文化：教育（大学与中学）Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now you have been asked by the Students’ Union to write a passage entitledThe Main Difference between my College Life and Middle School Life as a part of an introduction program for new students coming in September.You are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what you think the main difference is between college and middle school life.In the second paragraph, state which life you prefer and why.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.4）1997：教育文化：教育（学习压力）Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students. You either agree or disagree with them.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (or Does not Do) Good to UsYou are to write three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is.In the second paragraph, support your view with details.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization andappropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.5）2014：教育文化：教育（英语与数学）An undergraduate of English at a university, in a recent letter to the university’s president, complained about the mandatory maths classes he had to take. He said that because a language major has little use for maths, he would forget all of his maths lessons soon after taking the required exams. What do you think of his opinion?Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should English Majors Study Maths ?You are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what you think the main difference is between college and middle school life.In the second paragraph, state which life you prefer and why.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.2、课外活动：1）1991：教育文化：教育（课外活动）2）1995：教育文化：教育（兼职打工）3）2000：教育文化：教育（课外活动）4）2005：教育文化：流行文化（艺术节）1）1991：教育文化：课外活动Some students like to take an active part in school activities, such as clubs and societies. Others prefer to spend their time on their studies. What do you usually do after class? Explain why.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:What I Usually Do After Class?Write the composition in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your view is on “What I usually do after class”.In the second paragraph, give at least two reasons to support your view.And in the last paragraph, give a brief summary of what you have discussed in the preceding paragraphs.2）1995：教育文化：教育（兼职打工）Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.You are to write three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly your viewpoint on both the advantages and disadvantages. In the second paragraph, support your viewpoint with details or examples. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.3）2000：教育文化：教育（课外活动）Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:College life should be varied and colorful. And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it. However, at present, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Write an article to the university radio entitled：The Importance of Extracurricular ActivitiesYou are to write three parts.In the first part of your article, you should clearly present your view,and in the second part you should support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.4）2005：教育文化：教育（艺术节）The students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:My Idea of a University Arts FestivalYou are to write three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your idea.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.（二）流行文化：1、1994：教育文化：流行文化（电视）2、1999：教育文化：流行文化（电视广告）3、2004：教育文化：流行文化（电话与书信）4、2007：教育文化：流行文化：网上交友1、1994：教育文化：流行文化（电视）Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:TV: a good thing or a bad thing?You are to write three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly your viewpoint.In the second paragraph, support your viewpoint with details or examples.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriate use of language.2、1999：教育文化：流行文化（电视广告）We see advertisements on TV every day. Some people think that TV advertising brings us benefits, but others don’t think so. What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:A Major Advantage or disadvantage of Advertising on TVYou are to write three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state just one major advantage or disadvantage of TV advertising. In the second paragraph, give one or two reasons to support your point of view. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.3、2004：教育文化：流行文化（电话与书信）Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?You are to write three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.4、2007：教育文化：流行文化：网上交友Nowadays, the Internet has become part of pe ople’s life, and million of young people have made friends online.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?You are to write three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.（三）传统文化：1、2012：教育文化：传统文化（端午节）The Dragon Boat Festival（端午节）is one of the important national festivals in China．Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic：The Dragon Boat FestivalFirst, you should tell what you know about the festival．Second, you should describe how you or other people usually observe the festival．Marks will be awarded for content, organization，language and appropriateness．Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks．二、社会热点：1、2001：社会热点：旅行2、2002：社会热点：健康3、2003：社会热点：健康（心态）4、2008：社会热点：爱心（志愿者活动）1、2001：社会热点：旅行Travel has become part of our life. And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience：Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:Travel Broadens the MindYou are to write three parts.In the first part, state what the topic actually means to you.In the second part, give one or two examples to illustrate your ideas.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.2、2002：社会热点：健康Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day；others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy？Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:The Best Way to Stay HealthyYou are to write three parts.In the first part, state what you think is the best way.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.3、2003：社会热点：健康（心态）People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:The Importance of Keeping a Good MoodYou are to write three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.4、2008：社会热点：爱心（志愿者活动）December 5th is International V olunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in needs.China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:The Benefits for V olunteeringYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.三、人生哲理：1、1990：人生哲理：金钱与成功2、2006：人生哲理：存钱与消费3、2010：人生哲理：自立4、2013：人生哲理：节俭5、2015：人生哲理：压力1、1990：人生哲理：金钱与成功Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:Is Money Everything?Write the composition in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your view is on “Is money everything”.In the second paragraph, give at least two reasons to support your view.And in the last paragraph, give a brief summary of what you have discussed in the preceding paragraphs.2、2006：人生哲理：存钱与消费Recently a BJ information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shenyang. The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow’s money today is better. What do you think?Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 200words.You are to write three parts.In the first part, state what your suggested way is.In the second part, state one or two advantages of your suggestion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.3、2010：人生哲理：自立It was recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week. And each of them paid her 60 yuan a month. This has led to a heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners.Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Should College Students Hire Cleaners?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state clearly what your view is.In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a naturalconclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.4、2013：人生哲理：节俭Most of us, as students, are careful with our money in daily life: we collect all kinds of coupons（优惠券）; we look for group-buy deals if we eat out or travel; we don't buy clothes unless in a sale. However, some people think that all this may not make us smart consumers. What is your opinion?The Advantages of Being Careful with Money in Daily Li5、2015：人生哲理：压力According to a recent survey on college students’ mental well-being, 20 percent of college students experience various kinds of stress. Interpersonal relationship, finding jobs and study are among the top factors that cause anxiety and stress among students. Have you ever had such problems? And how do tackle such problem(s)? Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the top topic:How I Deal with Stress?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state the kind of stress you have experienced.In the second part, explain how you deal with stress.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.四、环境保护：1、1998：环境保护：环境污染2、2009：环境保护：旅游与环境3、2011：环境保护：私车污染税1、1998：环境保护：环境污染Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:It is generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) are a major source of air pollution in cities. You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.One Way to Solve the ProblemYou are to write three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, support your view with details.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.2、2009：环境保护：旅游与环境Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry th at too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don ’t think so. What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.3、2011：环境保护：私车污染税Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should private car owners be taxed for pollution?You are to write in three parts:In the first part, state clearly what your view is.In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
专四写作冲刺讲义
专业英语四级写作冲刺讲义第一部分：专业英语四级写作题型1）旧题：Direction-Write2）新题：Read-Summarize-CommentRead carefully the following except on term-time holiday arguments in the U.K. and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:•summarize the main message of the except, and then•comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.第二部分：不变1）题材●环保、社会经济发展、诚信、文化●教育择业、人生哲理（价值观）、时尚●爱心和伦理、健康、网络电讯2）核心内容（开篇点题-关联词-核心例证）第三部分：变●第一段●做题流程第四部分：做题流程1）阅读：首尾、转折、否定2）归纳主旨、看出写作题材3）第一段：模板+主题词●不能没有模板（原创的危险性）●也不能只背模板句●模板和文章指向内容相融合4）第二段：提供相应例证对于主题进行支持5）第三段：呼应第一段第五部分：怎么套第一段1）第一句话：5-8秒2）第二句话：抓住议论文的特点，用模板句过渡3）总结文章的主题，形成填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words4）如何填空●定名词，不要乱换●换动词，换（消）形容词●换句型和语序第六部分：定住第一段，才能写好第二段1）如何进行头脑风暴物质金钱责任爱心作息娱乐健康方便快捷沟通安全时尚素质成功违法文化发展环保趋势管制2）背诵顺序●先宏观题材●再微观题材●注意人生哲理和教育择业（和八级考试类似）第七部分：先宏观、再微观1）先宏观参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (drawbacks) of tourism development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that tourism industry is of great importance (indispensable) for a nation under rapid economic growth. In this process, the importance of environmental protection cannot be ignored, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that (Evidently/Beyond doubt/Undeniably,) there exist some problems such as air quality degradation and water pollution. The most serious ones even include the loss of local ecological balance (a terrorist attack), while the minor ones are the commuting inconvenience to the local residents. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that the social and economic return of tourism is attractive. For one thing, in the process of developing this industry, a tourist city can not only pool its various resources, but also adjust its industrial structure. In this way, infrastructure construction can be greatly strengthened, hence providing a solid basis to the sustaining urban growth. For another thing, tourism growth will provide new incentive to the local economy, because its boom often becomes a source of government revenue as well as a provider of job opportunities. To conclude, the influence of encouraging tourism industry is far reaching, in terms of social development and economic reward （international image）.To sum up, it is essential that a country provide mechanism for the development of tourism industry. To bring its negative influence under control, the government department can make plans for the environmental conservation. In this way, a tourist city can impress the outside world with its new image: a place with beautiful scenes, meanwhile, with a high level of civilization.译文：上面的文章主要讨论的是，旅游业发展的优势（优点）和不利（不足）。
专业英语四级写作讲义
专业英语四级写作讲义-第一部分：专业英语四级写作题型1）旧题：Direction-Write2）新题：Read-Summarize-CommentRead carefully the following except on term-time holiday arguments in the U.K. and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: •summarize the main message of the except, and then•comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.第二部分：不变1）题材●环保、社会经济发展、诚信、文化）●教育择业、人生哲理（价值观）●爱心和伦理、健康、网络电讯2）核心内容（开篇点题-关联词-核心例证）第三部分：变●第一段●做题流程第四部分：做题流程1）阅读：首尾、转折、否定2）归纳主旨、看出写作题材3）第一段：模板+主题词●不能没有模板（原创的危险性）●也不能只背模板句●模板和文章指向内容相融合4）第二段：提供相应例证对于主题进行支持5）第三段：呼应第一段As one of your tenants, I am writing to kindly inform you that I feel awfully sorry for what had happened. Last night I had a bitter quarrel with my girlfriend Niki who co-lives with me in the Charles Street, Boston, MA. When I was playing the League of Legends with my team on your Alien computer,she came to the living room, urging me to work harder for the United States Medical Licensing Examination. Immediately, I felt extremely impatient and anxious. Unfortunately, I couldn’t help pushing her on the abdomen. This bitch suddenly ran wild, up my iphone 7 plus from the dinner table and threw it right on my nose, saying “Your mother fucker! Asshole! ” Abnormally, I dodged unconsciously and that mobile phone narrowly flew over the tip of my left eyebrow, smashing your computer screen spontaneously.例子：首尾It is a warm autumn morning, and I am walking through downtown Mountain View, Calif. A small vehicle that looks like a cross between a golf cart and a bubble-topped spaceship glides to a stop at an intersection. Someone is sitting in the passenger seat, but no one seems to be sitting in the driver seat. How odd, I think. And then I realize I am looking at a Google car. The technology giant is headquartered in Mountain View, and the company is road-testing its diminutive autonomous cars there. This is my first encounter with a fully autonomous vehicle on a public road.The Google car waits patiently as a pedestrian passes in front of it. Another car across the intersection signals a left-hand turn, but the Google car has the right of way. The automated vehicle takes the initiative and smoothly accelerates through the intersection. The passenger, I notice, appears preternaturally calm.I am both amazed and unsettled. I have heard from friends and colleagues that my reaction is not uncommon. A driverless car can challenge many assumptions about human superiority to machines.例子：转折词不见得是But, However, Nevertheless,It is frequently assumed that/the mechanization of work has a revolutionaryeffect/on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would transform women's lives.In fact, historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, seriously question this assumption of transforming power.注意以下词汇：1）但是：But, However, Nevertheless2）实际上：In fact, Actually, As a matter of fact, Indeed3）让步：though, even though, although4）惊奇、不幸、讽刺：astonishingly, surprisingly, stunningly, startlingly, unfortunately, ironically5）Instead of, rather than结论：1）读很重要，没有观点，无法写好第一段2）找到主旨，第一段填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words3）关键是第二段4）讲课顺序：●怎么套第一段●第二段应该怎么想●怎么背第五部分：怎么套第一段1）第一句话：5-8秒2）第二句话：抓住议论文的特点，用模板句过渡3）总结文章的主题，形成填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words4）如何填空●定名词，不要乱换●换动词，换（消）形容词●换句型和语序例子：The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsThe essay mainly discusses the effects of mechanization effects on the individuals and society. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that the power of machines cannot greatly change the women’s lives, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsquestion: …the transforming power of machines on the women’s lives is questionable.第六部分：定住第一段，才能写好第二段1）如何进行头脑风暴物质金钱责任爱心作息娱乐健康方便快捷沟通安全时尚素质成功违法文化发展环保趋势管制2）背诵顺序●先宏观题材●再微观题材●注意人生哲理和教育择业（和八级考试类似）第七部分：各种题材的写法题材1：社会经济发展写作思路第一段：表态第二段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：环保-交通堵塞-出行不便-恐怖袭击第三段：建议措施：建立机制-制定计划-听专家的-媒体-万能结尾句旧题目的考法：Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don't think so. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:新题目的考法：So many places in the world rely heavily on tourism as a key source of income and employment nowadays, as well as a way of showing off national and local heritage, plus perceived successes.Unfortunately, tourism can also be a source of problems too, especially if it is not managed correctly. A constant flow of foreign visitors can, for instance, undermine the beauty, uniqueness, character, and social coherence of a tourist destination over time.It is easy to underestimate the scale of world tourism without being aware of the figures. There were estimated to be around 983 million international tourist arrivals In 2011 —this is nearly a 5 percent increase on the numbers in the previous year.Travelers in those sorts of numbers can easily present huge challenges and problems for many destinations, including transport, places to stay, policing, and maintenance.参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (drawbacks) of tourism development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that tourism industry is of great importance (indispensable) for a nation under rapid economic growth. In this process, the importance of environmental protection cannot be ignored, as can beseen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that (Evidently/Beyond doubt/Undeniably,) there exist some problems such as air quality degradation and water pollution. The most serious ones even include the loss of local ecological balance (a terrorist attack), while the minor ones are the commuting inconvenience to the local residents. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that the social and economic return of tourism is attractive. For one thing, in the process of developing this industry, a tourist city can not only pool its various resources, but also adjust its industrial structure. In this way, infrastructure construction can be greatly strengthened, hence providing a solid basis to the sustaining urban growth. For another thing, tourism growth will provide new incentive to the local economy, because its boom often becomes a source of government revenue as well as a provider of job opportunities. To conclude, the influence of encouraging tourism industry is far reaching, in terms of social development and economic reward （international image）.To sum up, it is essential that a country provide mechanism for the development of tourism industry. To bring its negative influence under control, the government department can make plans for the environmental conservation. In this way, a tourist city can impress the outside world with its new image: a place with beautiful scenes, meanwhile, with a high level of civilization.补充好词好句：“万能”结尾段：模板和主题指向相结合1）建立机制：In the issue of 主题词 (misleading information and empty promises in the advertisements), it is essential that an effective feedback mechanism (should) be set up at the government level.2）制定计划：In this framework, the relevant government departments are supposed to make concrete plans to control … (promote …).3）听专家的话：Meanwhile, advice from researchers and experts cannot be ignored:After all, they are more professional and qualified, especially in the process of policy making (in the establishment of quality standard system).4）媒体的力量：The mainstream media, including TV stations and websites, is also an indispensable part. They can launch a campaign in (give a wide coverage to) the issue. In this way, the general public can form the awareness that … is the mainstream (the general trend), and then play their part in this matter. 5）结尾1: In a sense, it is not why the issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly.6）Having read this essay, some readers might think that my proposals are somewhat conservative, no less traditional, but they are at least rational and realistic. 7）My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材2：环保写作思路第一段：表态第二段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：为了利润-不自律-不负责-没责任感-政府不管-破坏-消失第三段：建立机制…写作练习题：大气雾霾防治（引文略）The essay above mainly discusses the issue of air pollution in a large city under rapid development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that the elimination of PM 2.5 is of great importance for a nation, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.Evidently, as a country with rapid economic development, China has to various resources, adjusting its industrial structure. In this background, economicactivities are the most important in the national strategy. In this process, air pollution is almost inevitable. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse, but it must be pointed out that some industries, such as mining sectors and steam plants and metallurgical factories, often lack self-discipline in their daily business operation, discharging various kinds of air pollutants into the atmosphere. For another thing, their responsibility of environmental protection is seldom truly performed. In this situation, under a slack supervision system, these activities are bringing a negative influence to the urban development. The environment is being ruined in many large cities. Clean air and blue sky are gradually vanishing from these regions.On the basis of the analysis, effective measures can be taken as following. First, the central authority of China is supposed to provide a control mechanism so that air pollution can be limited, but the incentive of economic growth is maintained. Second, the government department must make concrete plans to control pollutant emission. Third and last, it is essential that new technologies be developed, the most reliable method to change the whole situation. My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材3：诚信话题思路：1）便利-效率-安全2）金钱-自律操守-责任-管制-破坏-消失原文：After supper, most people would sit on the sofa and watch TV programs with families. And there is one thing always annoying people-TV commercial. TV commercial is such a thing which almost involved every TV grogram and every person's life. Some people claimed that TV commercials should be eliminated because TV programs misleadpeople to buy some useless products, it caused a lot of waste.In order to hook the potential consumers, some TV ads choose ambiguous introductory statements to highlight the so-called special performance of their products. In this case, many TV viewers often receive the information passively, thus very often paying for a product which doesn’t meet their potential demand.But sometimes TV commercial does bring us some conveniences. First is that TV station needs money to make more interesting programs. The business men give them money and they insert the TV commercials inside their programs-that's a fairly deal. The second is that TV commercials also provide people with some useful information. People could know what products are popular currently and what they should buy through the information. The last is that TV commercials give people a chance to have a break when they are watching an excellent TV program. You can have a rest, go fetch some foods or go to toilet without missing any interesting things.参考范文：题目转化为：Nowadays TV commercials are gaining increasing popularity in our lives. What are their advantages and drawbacks? Give your opinion.第一段：Some people think that, other people think that并不好写Recently, there emerged a social highlight, that is, various kinds of advertisements are gaining more popularity in our lives. Some people believe that their benefits outweigh the so-called problems, while others argue that the opposite might be true. By comparison, I agree with the latter point of view for the reason as following.Evidently, advertisements are indispensable in our lives，providing the consumers with convenience and efficiency (或者a wealth of information such as the size and function of a product. However, it must be pointed out that (those who disagree with such a point of view emphasize that) some drawbacks of TV commercials cannot be overlooked, particularly misleading information, false message or emptymessage they probably provide. Under a slack supervision system, the lack of occupational self-discipline among some advertisement companies will probably bring a negative influence to the market: the reputation of the whole industry is being ruined, and the faith to quality foods is gradually vanishing from the consumer groups.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view. I believe that consumers can benefit greatly from advertisements on TV. However, despite the fact that there might be some advantages, it is still necessary that some feedback mechanism should be set up at the government level. In this framework, a serried of plans can be make in order to control those misleading TV commercial into the market. Meanwhile, researchers and experts must play their part in this issue: they are more professional and qualified, particularly in the establishment of standard system. My proposals might be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic.题材4：文化和时尚思路：1）时尚：便利-效率-简洁-消费-时尚2）文化：历史-智慧-遗产-形象-价值-过时题目：Traditional Chinese characters r simplified Chinese characters?PART ⅥWRITINGShould we revive traditional Chinese characters orcontinue using simpli fied characters? This has been an intensely discussed question for ye ars. The following are the supporters' and opponents' opinions. Read carefully the opinions fromboth sides and writer your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should firstsummarize the opinion s from both sides and give your view on the issue.YESTraditional characters, which date back to more than 2000 years ago, have a more beautifulappearance and a more reasonable structure. As indicated by examples, traditional characters make more sense, convey traditional values and can thereforerepresent traditional culture.For two millennia, Chinese historical records and classic works were written in traditionalcharacters. To be able to read them and inherit traditional culture, we need to bringtraditional characters back. Politically, it is also necessary to restore traditional Chinese chara cters. Currently, traditionalcharacters are still in used in Hong Kong, Taiwan and many Chinese communities around theworld. Restoring them can contribute to cross-Str aits exchanges and national reunification andunite Chinese people aroun d the world.NOIn today's world, efficiency matters most. Traditional characters, whic h usually have morestrokes than simplified ones, are more difficult t o learn. By contrast simplified, characters aremuch easier to learn and use.Over the past 50 years, lots of classic texts have been turned into simplified-characterversions, which means simplified-character can also promote and preserve traditional culture.Constant simplification has been a trend in the evolution of Chinese characters. From theoracle bones script of 3000 years ago to tradit ional characters, the Chinese writing systemhas always been slimming d own for better communication.参考范文：As is shown in the essay above, simplified Chinese characters become increasingly important in the modern society. However, the influence of traditionalones cannot be ignored. People might vary in their views in this matter, but simplified characters are the trend in the future, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that those traditional Chinese characters have a long history in a country like China, and they are still being used in some other parts (regions) of China. These characters can either be regarded as a symbol of ancient civilization, but also represent an element of national heritage. Nevertheless, it must be pointed out that simplified language system is indispensable for a nation under rapid development. For one thing, efficiency is the key note in this transformation. For another thing, productiveness plays a key role in various kinds of economic and social activities. As a result, it is inevitable that language changes into an open and direct pattern in order to achieve face-to-face communication. In this situation, simplified Chinese characters are the primary choice (option) for many people, even though traditional ones also have a folk value in a country.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view in the first paragraph. Language will become increasingly simplified along with the social development. This statement might not be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic, at least in the current social setting in China.(230 words)题材5：爱心关注思路：物质金钱责任爱样文：如果不是对立观点怎么办？December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world havevolunteered to help those in needs. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?The above mentioned facts show that volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain "to benefit another person, group or organization". Volunteering is also renowned for the improvement of human quality of life. Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education and emergency. Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the issue of volunteering in the world. By providing concrete facts and reliable statistics, the author holds that a growing number of people are doing volunteering work in our society. And they are playing an increasingly important (indispensable) part in a civilized society, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.Undeniably, Those who disagree with volunteering might emphasize that people are hard pressed with test results or a tight job market, so it is hard to strike a balance between volunteering and one’s career. Such possibility does exist, but it must be pointed out that the influence of volunteering is still indispensable. The major reason is that such work enables many professional or warm-hearted people them to assist the elders, the young, and the homeless. It follows that the social responsibility and moral obligation can be better carried out. As a result, those disadvantaged groups can receive material support, mental back-up and spiritual comfort.In sum, I believe that people can benefit greatly from their volunteering work. Love is never vague and abstract, but always visible and concrete. Different socialgroups can be brought together, when each citizen extends his helping hand.题材6：身心健康：基本思路：金钱-占用时间-耗费精力-生活颠倒-亚健康选文：如果段落比较难，怎么办？抓名词-代词-连词It seems particularly apropos given our current social climate to pay lip service to stress. We have to deal with it often, despite our best attempts to avoid it. Fortunately some kinds of stress are minor and innocuous, yet others are incendiary and damaging.No matter the scale, the consequence, or the context, understanding how to deal with stress, or say physical and mental pressure, is a life skill. I know that some people are even crippled by the thought of stress. I think that any stress-related fears arise because we are never taught how to grapple with such moments. It’s a shame, and perhaps many a more grave situation could be avoided were we imparted with some resolution and avoidance strategies at an early age.参考范文：追求非模板？不如背（写）模板还没学会走，就不要想着跑。
陈正康老师新四级高分写作讲义
4、 It is essential that effective measures should be taken to control this situation.
用于阐释原因的句子：
1、 Some reasons are responsible for this.
2、 There are lots of reasons for the dramatic growth/decrease. First, … Second, … Finally, …
4.1 写作难点分析
4.1.1 难点一：主观判分，有所影响
不可否认，四级考试是目前国内各种英语测试中规模很大、公信度较高、科学性和客观性较强的一种，能够较客观地考察出一个人的实际英语能力。但写作仍然是四级考试中主观性较大的部分，存在主观判卷的弊端。虽然考官依据四级作文评分标准进行阅卷，但由于前文所述的考官在判卷中的弱点、盲点，人为因素不可避免。
1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）
2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evil）
3.我的看法
例2: 1996年1月四级作文真题
Directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic the two-day weekend. you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:
A number of factors are responsible for decisions in choosing teachers. For one thing, the character of a lecturer plays a significant role in this issue, which means the teacher should meet the learners’ taste. For another thing, opinions from other students are likely to bring effects on the decision. In other words, we are possibly influenced by negative or positive words from others.
专业英语四级写作讲义
专业英语四级写作讲义专业英语四级写作讲义-第⼀部分：专业英语四级写作题型1）旧题：Direction-Write2）新题：Read-Summarize-CommentRead carefully the following except on term-time holiday arguments in the U.K. and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: ?summarize the main message of the except, and thencomment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.第⼆部分：不变1）题材●环保、社会经济发展、诚信、⽂化）●教育择业、⼈⽣哲理（价值观）●爱⼼和伦理、健康、⽹络电讯2）核⼼内容（开篇点题-关联词-核⼼例证）第三部分：变●第⼀段●做题流程第四部分：做题流程1）阅读：⾸尾、转折、否定2）归纳主旨、看出写作题材3）第⼀段：模板+主题词●不能没有模板（原创的危险性）●也不能只背模板句●模板和⽂章指向内容相融合4）第⼆段：提供相应例证对于主题进⾏⽀持5）第三段：呼应第⼀段As one of your tenants, I am writing to kindly inform you that I feel awfully sorry for what had happened. Last night I had a bitter quarrel with my girlfriend Niki who co-lives with me in the Charles Street, Boston, MA. When I was playing the League of Legends with my team on your Alien computer,she came to the living room, urging me to work harder for the United States Medical Licensing Examination. Immediately, I felt extremely impatient and anxious. Unfortunately, I couldn’t help pushing her on the abdomen. This bitch suddenly ran wild, up my iphone 7 plus from the dinner table and threw it right on my nose, saying “Your mother fucker! Asshole! ” Abnormally, I dodged unconsciously and that mobile phone narrowly flew over the tip of my left eyebrow, smashing your computer screen spontaneously.例⼦：⾸尾It is a warm autumn morning, and I am walking through downtown Mountain View, Calif. A small vehicle that looks like a cross between a golf cart and a bubble-topped spaceship glides to a stop at an intersection. Someone is sitting in the passenger seat, but no one seems to be sitting in the driver seat. How odd, I think. And then I realize I am looking at a Google car. The technology giant is headquartered in Mountain View, and the company is road-testing its diminutive autonomous cars there. This is my first encounter with a fully autonomous vehicle on a public road.The Google car waits patiently as a pedestrian passes in front of it. Another car across the intersection signals a left-handturn, but the Google car has the right of way. The automated vehicle takes the initiative and smoothly accelerates through the intersection. The passenger, I notice, appears preternaturally calm.I am both amazed and unsettled. I have heard from friends and colleagues that my reaction is not uncommon. A driverless car can challenge many assumptions about human superiority to machines.例⼦：转折词不见得是But, However, Nevertheless,It is frequently assumed that/the mechanization of work has a revolutionaryeffect/on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would transform women's lives.In fact, historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, seriously question this assumption of transforming power.注意以下词汇：1）但是：But, However, Nevertheless2）实际上：In fact, Actually, As a matter of fact, Indeed3）让步：though, even though, although4）惊奇、不幸、讽刺：astonishingly, surprisingly, stunningly, startlingly, unfortunately, ironically5）Instead of, rather than结论：1）读很重要，没有观点，⽆法写好第⼀段2）找到主旨，第⼀段填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words3）关键是第⼆段4）讲课顺序：●怎么套第⼀段●第⼆段应该怎么想●怎么背第五部分：怎么套第⼀段1）第⼀句话：5-8秒2）第⼆句话：抓住议论⽂的特点，⽤模板句过渡3）总结⽂章的主题，形成填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words4）如何填空●定名词，不要乱换●换动词，换（消）形容词●换句型和语序例⼦：The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsThe essay mainly discusses the effects of mechanization effects on the individuals and society. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that the power of machines cannot greatly change the women’s lives, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsquestion: …the transforming power of machines on the women’s lives is questionable.第六部分：定住第⼀段，才能写好第⼆段1）如何进⾏头脑风暴物质⾦钱责任爱⼼作息娱乐健康⽅便快捷沟通安全时尚素质成功违法⽂化发展环保趋势管制2）背诵顺序●先宏观题材●再微观题材●注意⼈⽣哲理和教育择业（和⼋级考试类似）第七部分：各种题材的写法题材1：社会经济发展写作思路第⼀段：表态第⼆段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：环保-交通堵塞-出⾏不便-恐怖袭击第三段：建议措施：建⽴机制-制定计划-听专家的-媒体-万能结尾句旧题⽬的考法：Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don't think so. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:新题⽬的考法：So many places in the world rely heavily on tourism as a key source of income and employment nowadays, as well as a way of showing off national and local heritage, plus perceived successes.Unfortunately, tourism can also be a source of problems too, especially if it is not managed correctly. A constant flow of foreign visitors can, for instance, undermine the beauty, uniqueness, character, and social coherence of a tourist destination over time.It is easy to underestimate the scale of world tourism without being aware of the figures. There were estimated to be around 983 million international tourist arrivals In 2011 —this is nearly a 5 percent increase on the numbers in the previous year.Travelers in those sorts of numbers can easily present huge challenges and problems for many destinations, including transport, places to stay, policing, and maintenance.参考范⽂The essay above mainly discusses the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (drawbacks) of tourism development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that tourism industry is of great importance (indispensable) for a nation under rapid economic growth. In this process, the importance of environmental protection cannot be ignored, as can beseen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that (Evidently/Beyond doubt/Undeniably,) there exist some problems such as air quality degradation and water pollution. The most serious ones even include the loss of local ecological balance (a terrorist attack), while the minor ones are the commuting inconvenience to the local residents. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that the social and economic return of tourism is attractive. For one thing, in the process of developing this industry, a tourist city can not only pool its various resources, but also adjust its industrial structure. In this way, infrastructure construction can be greatly strengthened, hence providing a solid basis to the sustaining urban growth. For another thing, tourism growth will provide new incentive to the local economy, because its boom often becomes a source of government revenue as well as a provider of job opportunities. To conclude, the influence of encouraging tourism industry is far reaching, in terms of social development and economic reward （international image）.To sum up, it is essential that a country provide mechanism for the development of tourism industry. To bring its negative influence under control, the government department can make plans for the environmental conservation. In this way, a tourist city can impress the outside world with its new image: a place with beautiful scenes, meanwhile, with a high level of civilization.补充好词好句：“万能”结尾段：模板和主题指向相结合1）建⽴机制：In the issue of 主题词 (misleading information and empty promises in the advertisements), it is essential that an effective feedback mechanism (should) be set up at the government level.2）制定计划：In this framework, the relevant government departments are supposed to make concrete plans to control …(promote …).3）听专家的话：Meanwhile, advice from researchers and experts cannot be ignored:After all, they are more professional and qualified, especially in the process of policy making (in the establishment of quality standard system).4）媒体的⼒量：The mainstream media, including TV stations and websites, is also an indispensable part. They can launch a campaign in (give a wide coverage to) the issue. In this way, the general public can form the awareness that … is the mainstream (the general trend), and then play their part in this matter. 5）结尾1: In a sense, it is not why the issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly.6）Having read this essay, some readers might think that my proposals are somewhat conservative, no less traditional, but they are at least rational and realistic. 7）My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材2：环保写作思路第⼀段：表态第⼆段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：为了利润-不⾃律-不负责-没责任感-政府不管-破坏-消失第三段：建⽴机制…写作练习题：⼤⽓雾霾防治（引⽂略）The essay above mainly discusses the issue of air pollution in a large city under rapid development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that the elimination of PM 2.5 is of great importance for a nation, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.Evidently, as a country with rapid economic development, China has to various resources, adjusting its industrial structure. In this background, economicactivities are the most important in the national strategy. In this process, air pollution is almost inevitable. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse, but it must be pointed out that some industries, such as mining sectors and steam plants and metallurgical factories, often lack self-discipline in their daily business operation, discharging various kinds of air pollutants into the atmosphere. For another thing, their responsibility of environmental protection is seldom truly performed. In this situation, under a slack supervision system, these activities are bringing a negative influence to the urban development. The environment is being ruined in many large cities. Clean air and blue sky are gradually vanishing from these regions.On the basis of the analysis, effective measures can be taken as following. First, the central authority of China is supposed to provide a control mechanism so that air pollution can be limited, but the incentive of economic growth is maintained. Second, the government department must make concrete plans to control pollutant emission. Third and last, it is essential that new technologies be developed, the most reliable method to change the whole situation. My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材3：诚信话题思路：1）便利-效率-安全2）⾦钱-⾃律操守-责任-管制-破坏-消失原⽂：After supper, most people would sit on the sofa and watch TV programs with families. And there is one thing always annoying people-TV commercial. TV commercial is such a thing which almost involved every TV grogram and every person's life. Some people claimed that TV commercials should be eliminated because TV programs misleadpeople to buy some useless products, it caused a lot of waste.In order to hook the potential consumers, some TV ads choose ambiguous introductory statements to highlight the so-called special performance of their products. In this case, many TV viewers often receive the information passively, thus very often paying for a product which doesn’t meet their potential demand.But sometimes TV commercial does bring us some conveniences. First is that TV station needs money to make more interesting programs. The business men give them money and they insert the TV commercials inside their programs-that's a fairly deal. The second is that TV commercials also provide people with some useful information. People could know what products are popular currently and what they should buy through the information. The last is that TV commercials give people a chance to have a break when they are watching an excellent TV program. You can have a rest, go fetch some foods or go to toilet without missing any interesting things.参考范⽂：题⽬转化为：Nowadays TV commercials are gaining increasing popularity in our lives. What are their advantages and drawbacks? Give your opinion.第⼀段：Some people think that, other people think that并不好写Recently, there emerged a social highlight, that is, various kinds of advertisements are gaining more popularity in our lives. Some people believe that their benefits outweigh the so-called problems, while others argue that the opposite might be true. By comparison, I agree with the latter point of view for the reason as following.Evidently, advertisements are indispensable in our lives，providing the consumers with convenience and efficiency (或者a wealth of information such as the size and function of a product. However, it must be pointed out that (those who disagree with such a point of view emphasize that) some drawbacks of TV commercials cannot be overlooked, particularly misleading information, false message or emptymessage they probably provide. Under a slack supervision system, the lack of occupational self-discipline among some advertisement companies will probably bring a negative influence to the market: the reputation of the whole industry is being ruined, and the faith to quality foods is gradually vanishing from the consumer groups.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view. I believe that consumers can benefit greatly from advertisements on TV. However, despite the fact that there might be some advantages, it is still necessary that some feedback mechanism should be set up at the government level. In this framework, a serried of plans can be make in order to control those misleading TV commercial into the market. Meanwhile, researchers and experts must play their part in this issue: they are more professional and qualified, particularly in the establishment of standard system. My proposals might be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic.题材4：⽂化和时尚思路：1）时尚：便利-效率-简洁-消费-时尚2）⽂化：历史-智慧-遗产-形象-价值-过时题⽬：Traditional Chinese characters r simplified Chinese characters?PART ⅥWRITINGShould we revive traditional Chinese characters orcontinue using simpli fied characters? This has been an intensely discussed question for ye ars. The following are the supporters' and opponents' opinions. Read carefully the opinions fromboth sides and writer your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should firstsummarize the opinion s from both sides and give your view on the issue.YESTraditional characters, which date back to more than 2000 years ago, have a more beautifulappearance and a more reasonable structure. As indicated by examples, traditional characters make more sense, convey traditional values and can thereforerepresent traditional culture.For two millennia, Chinese historical records and classic works were written in traditionalcharacters. To be able to read them and inherit traditional culture, we need to bringtraditional characters back. Politically, it is also necessary to restore traditional Chinese chara cters. Currently, traditionalcharacters are still in used in Hong Kong, Taiwan and many Chinese communities around theworld. Restoring them can contribute to cross-Str aits exchanges and national reunification andunite Chinese people aroun d the world.NOIn today's world, efficiency matters most. Traditional characters, whic h usually have morestrokes than simplified ones, are more difficult t o learn. By contrast simplified, characters aremuch easier to learn and use.Over the past 50 years, lots of classic texts have been turned into simplified-characterversions, which means simplified-character can also promote and preserve traditional culture.Constant simplification has been a trend in the evolution of Chinese characters. From theoracle bones script of 3000 years ago to tradit ional characters, the Chinese writing systemhas always been slimming d own for better communication.参考范⽂：As is shown in the essay above, simplified Chinese characters become increasingly important in the modern society. However, the influence of traditionalones cannot be ignored. People might vary in their views in this matter, but simplified characters are the trend in the future, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that those traditional Chinese characters have a long history in a country like China, and they are still being used in some other parts (regions) of China. These characters can either be regarded as a symbol of ancient civilization, but also represent an element of national heritage. Nevertheless, it must be pointed out that simplified language system is indispensable for a nation under rapid development. For one thing, efficiency is the key note in this transformation. For another thing, productiveness plays a key role in various kinds of economic and social activities. As a result, it is inevitable that language changes into an open and direct pattern in order to achieve face-to-face communication. In this situation, simplified Chinese characters are the primary choice (option) for many people, even though traditional ones also have a folk value in a country.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view in the first paragraph. Language will become increasingly simplified along with the social development. This statement might not be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic, at least in the current social setting in China.(230 words)题材5：爱⼼关注思路：物质⾦钱责任爱样⽂：如果不是对⽴观点怎么办？December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world havevolunteered to help those in needs. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?The above mentioned facts show that volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain "to benefit another person, group or organization". Volunteering is also renowned for the improvement of human quality of life. Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education and emergency. Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.参考范⽂The essay above mainly discusses the issue of volunteering in the world. By providing concrete facts and reliable statistics, the author holds that a growing number of people are doing volunteering work in our society. And they are playing an increasingly important (indispensable) part in a civilized society, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. Undeniably, Those who disagree with volunteering might emphasize that people are hard pressed with test results or a tight job market, so it is hard to strike a balance between volunteering and one’s career. Such possibility does exist, but it must be pointed out that the influence of volunteering is still indispensable. The major reason is that such work enables many professional or warm-hearted people them to assist the elders, the young, and the homeless. It follows that the social responsibility and moral obligation can be better carried out. As a result, those disadvantaged groups can receive material support, mental back-up and spiritual comfort.In sum, I believe that people can benefit greatly from their volunteering work. Love is never vague and abstract, but always visible and concrete. Different socialgroups can be brought together, when each citizen extends his helping hand.题材6：⾝⼼健康：基本思路：⾦钱-占⽤时间-耗费精⼒-⽣活颠倒-亚健康选⽂：如果段落⽐较难，怎么办？抓名词-代词-连词It seems particularly apropos given our current social climate to pay lip service to stress. We have to deal with it often, despite our best attempts to avoid it. Fortunately some kinds of stress are minor and innocuous, yet others are incendiary and damaging.No matter the scale, the consequence, or the context, understanding how to deal with stress, or say physical and mental pressure, is a life skill. I know that some people are even crippled by the thought of stress. I think that any stress-related fearsarise because we are never taught how to grapple with such moments. It’s a shame, and perhaps many a more grave situation could be avoided were we imparted with some resolution and avoidance strategies at an early age.参考范⽂：追求⾮模板？不如背（写）模板还没学会⾛，就不要想着跑。
英语专四作文写作辅导课件
2.主体：论证自己观点的模板 1）引出理由 There are many reasons explaining/accounting for/contributing to my view. There are many reasons which may account for.. There are many factors deciding/influencing.. The following reasons can account for/support/prove…. The reasons for.. mainly lie in the following .. aspects. This argument can be proved by the following facts.
常见作文内容类型 立场选择型 既定观点型 建议方法型 利弊分析型
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建议方法型模板
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It is high time for us to take some effective measures to..
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It is high time that we took some effective measures to..
材料作文三段式
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开头：
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缩写/总结材料→提出个人观点
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主体：论证自己的观点
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结尾：总结&重申自己观点
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命题作文三段式开头：引出主题→提出个人观点
主体：论证自己的观点
结尾：总结&重申自己观点
图表图画作文三段式
开头：
描述图表图画内容→提出个人观点
主体：论证自己的观点
结尾：总结&重申自己观点
模板
英语专业四级写作讲解 (共5讲)第二讲 问题解决型作文专项训练
英语专业四级写作讲解(共5讲)第二讲问题解决型作文专项训练英语专业四级写作讲解(共5讲)第二讲问题解决型作文专项训练.txt时尚，就是让年薪八千的人看上去像年薪十万。
我们总是要求男人有孩子一样的眼神，父亲一样的能力。
一分钟就可以遇见一个人，一小时喜欢上一个人，一天爱上一个人，但需要花尽一生的时间去忘记一个人。
本文由shadow081010贡献doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。
建议您优先选择TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。
作业范文解析Is Failure a Bad Thing Different people hold different attitudes toward failure. Someone regards failure as a heavy strike, after which he or she may lose heart and give up all efforts. Others could never take failure seriously. They just ignore it as if nothing had happened. In my opinion, both attitudes are wrong.( 引出论点) First of all, people who regard failure as a heavy blow can hardly become successful.(提出第一分论点，指出那些视失败为大敌的人很难成功)Those people are more likely to give up all efforts once encountering difficulties. In other words, they will give up all hopes and endeavors to pursue success and will in turn be abandoned by it. Success means a continuous effort and a growing confidence in one’s belief. Just as the old saying goes, “God will help those who help thems elves”. So if a person treats failure in a positive attitude, he will conquer these difficulties. Secondly, those who are light-hearted with failure can hardly become successful either, because they don’t know how to accumulate experiences from their failure. (提出第二分论点，指出那些忽视失败的人也很难成功，因为他们不懂得从失败中吸取经验教训)If they choose to ignore a failure instead of thinking about it carefully, they would not be able to find out what is really wrong. Under such circumstances, failure will ultimately result in another failure. A right attitude to failure is to face it positively, draw a lesson from it and then find out reasonable solutions to solve the problem in order to avoid the same mistake again. (提出第三分论点，指出对待失败的正确态度是积极面对失败，并从中吸取教训，以避免重蹈覆辙) In this way, one could always be energetic and be nearer to success. From the above analysis, we can conclude that failure is a test to human. It’s a stumbling block for the timid, but a steppingstone for the brave. We should, therefore, take a right attitude towards failure.(总体概括并强调论点)第二章问题解决型作文专项训练第一节写作要领问题解决型要求考生就某种社会现象或某种问题提出自己的解决方案，立意在“方法” 、“途径” 、“怎么办”等，主要遵循提出问题分析原因提出解决办法的模式这类的作文用于专四考题中，往往以How to?的形式出现，或者One Way to?或者The Best Wayto?的形式出现。
专四作文讲解--by Vera
By Vera
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英语专业四级考试写作介绍
大作文 形式: 议论文 分值: 15分 字数要求:
200词左右 时间要求: 35分钟
小作文 形式: 便条 分值: 10分 字数要求:
50-60词 时间要求: 10分钟
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应试写作的三个层次
写得出 写得对 写得炫
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TM STREEC $
Detailed reports of crimes may
leave citizens apprehensive about their own safety. ----Soul Detailed coverage of crimes may help potential criminals avoid mistakes in their criminal plan and further drive up the already high crime rate. ----Crime
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Introduction 总起段
背景争议法 Background 背景 Controversy
(2 different / opposite ideas) 争议 Statement 观点
事例法 Examples 事例 Statement 观点
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背景争议法 - Background 背景
---- $ and employment Advantages
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应试写作难点
表达漏洞百出 可读性相当差 In China, because its tradition, the
old is most raised by their children. In China, because of its tradition, the old are mostly supported by their children.
专四写作讲义
专四写作讲义一、首段1、禁忌1）no bombs2）no apologies2、中心主线段：主题词+ 同位语+ 从句+ 态度/ 观点••Making friends on line, a prevailing fashion in this 21st century which booms as never before especially for the younger generations, is wise from my point of view. (07) ••The arts festival, a general discussion these days on campus which concerns all the university students, has to be filled with more diversity and creativity. (05) ••Telephone, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technology which dominates and promises to reshape our lives and our world, is destined to take the place of traditional letters. (04)3、插入语①单个单词：Anyone, then, who knows the good he ought to do but does not do it, sins.②词组的插入：The Gentleman, by his culture, collects friends about him and through these friends promotes his Goodness.③句子的插入：A craftsman, if he means to do good work, must first sharpen his tools.4、连续发问••Does technology create more problems than it solves? And may it threaten or damagethe quality of life? Is it more of a blessing or of a curse? People are sharply divided over this issue. To me, this answer may be negative.••What is there that confers the noblest delight? What is that which swells a man’s breast with pride above that which any other experience can bring to him? Discovery! ••Reduce waste on campus：Have you ever left your dorm forgetting to turn off the lights?Have you ever bothered to turn off the tap after washing your clothes? Have you ever seen tables covered with the remains of a meal when you go to the school cafeteria at dinner time? I bet your answers to some of these questions are “yes”.••Making friends on line is wise：Do you still search for pen pals everywhere withbewilderment? Do you still spend a large sum of money only to mail a written letter to a friend afar or even thousands of miles away in another continent? If yes, try to attempt to get a new acquaintance via Internet, a rather wiser choice.二、中间段1、段落结构：2、段落层次：还原逻辑词parents felt disappointed and I was greatly worried about my future. (Consequently,) Our life became very terrible. (so …that …) I even decided to commit suicide. (Later,) Our neighbor learnt about my family’s condition, and they began to help us. (Meanwhile,) They lent a few money to my parents and my parents use these money to open a shop. (Moreover,) They help me to study. (In the end,) My parents finally got through hard life. So I say that love is great.3、观点对比+利弊说明1）“一些人认为”——Some无数的numerous / myriad (a number / myriad of)大量的A considerable / significant / noticeable amount / quantity / portion of对半的almost / nearly / approximately half of大多的the (vast / overwhelming) majority of2）“一些人认为”——people公众the public各行各业people from all walks of life / community / education / background支持/反对者followers – objectors；consenters –dissenters参与者participants / candidates / interviewees3）“一些人认为”——think认为assume / claim / declare / assert / state / insist/ maintain tha t…支持express / show / demonstrate one’s support for赞成/ 反对cast one’s ballot for / against；stand on the side of意见是one’s viewpoint is that / be with the view that4）导致利弊Advantage / disadvantage; merit / drawback; blessing / curse; benefit / harm; outweighlead to, contribute to, result in, bring about, give rise to …owing to, due to, thanks to, result from, in that, attribute to …5）句式••Many people consider it appropriate that more emphasis should be put on the development of students’ capacity for reaso ning and logical thinking, whilst others think that more benefits would be gained from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.••Those who … argue that… while others who… claim that…6）框架①启••Answers shall find it is of difficulty to please all, as the old say goes. Therefore, it is quiteunderstandable that people from diverse backgrounds put different interpretations on the same issue of ….answer will far from an easy proposition, but is nonetheless one that deserves careful and deliberate consideration.②承：••On the one hand, the majority is in favor of the idea that….••Thunderous applause could be heard to maintain the idea that…③转••One the other side of the coin, adverse voices cast their ballots for the belief that….••Discommenders and antis, however, could not concur with the former by insisting that….④合：••All things considered, an unshakable conclusion could be safely drawn that …••Balancing the advantages and drawbacks of this issue, I am bound to accept the former / latter viewpoint, intending to stand on the side that …A question begging an answer centers on whether or not one ought to expect a reward when doing a good deed. Determining the answer will far from an easy proposition, but is nonetheless one that deserves careful and deliberate consideration.On the one hand, the majority is in favor of the idea that to receive a reward after doing good deeds is beyond any doubt due to the reason that “A good turn deserves another”, as the old saying goes, which indicates that a good deed, surely, o ught to bring about a reward, the motivation or the stimulus for the favor.One the other side of the coin, adverse voices cast their ballots for the belief that good deeds belong to voluntary work, purely out of willingness, which has nothing to do with expectation for rewards, following the outstanding example of the great communist soldier Lei Feng –who “devoted his limited life to the limitless cause of serving the people”.In short, balancing the advantages and drawbacks of this issue, I am bound to accept the latter viewpoint, intending to stand on the side that good deeds are supposed to result from spontaneous reaction confronted with certain circumstances.4、原因列举：••There are two reasons accounting for my view. For one thing, fast forward a fewyears, making friends may no longer be a problem owing to the fact that the Internet affords us the opportunity to communicate not only with people who are conveniently close by but also with those who might be thousands of miles away in another continent. For another, more importantly, we can make friends of different races and cultures and this can expose us to a new language, culture and belief.••衍生句型：What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? For one thing, people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. For another,the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhaps centers on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides.••仿写： Why are an increasing number of elderly Chinese parents living apart fromtheir children? One reason is the increasing upward mobility of the younger generation. Another is expanding social opportunities for the elderly. Perhaps the main reason, however, centers on dramatic changes in traditional concepts.5、举例论证1）个人实例●●An example shoule be added to highlight the issue discussed above. Todemonstrate, Thomas Edison–diligent, world-famous and doing very well in his early life –continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. “Genius consists of 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.” Such is the remark made by him.It is true indeed. Thomas Edison’s case is a typical example that keeping making progress and daring to stride forward always has to be considered as the right attitude towards life and work for everyone who longs for success.●●To specify this statement, I would like to take an example. Helen Keller – blindand deaf –is always admired and remembered as a heroine striving for the dream in her life’s journey.（可用于论述：成功；信心；毅力；奋斗；理想；决心……）With language, she proved she could communicate in the world of sight and sound –an was able to speak to it and live in it. “Literature is my utopia. Here I am not disenfranchised.” Helen’s case is a typical example that how knowledge could liberate and cultivate one’s mind.●●For instance, Mr. Bill Gates –when making his decision to drop out fromHarvard – did not care too much of the result. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.●●A very good case in point is that a person of great reputation, Columbus, whodiscovered America, owed his success to his singleness of purpose and determination. On the ocean he suffered the affliction of storms and tempests hundreds of times. However, instead of admitting defeats, he went forward.There is no denying that success is more often the definite result of a person’s self-discipline, had work and, most of all, perseverance.2）历史实例••The year was 1978. stepped, for the first time, upon amysterious land, China. Jackson who paid his visit to the Great Wall and the Summer Palace and got himself deeply impressed by Chinese culture. When he returned to the US, he devoted his rest life to the intercommunion of bilateral cultures and won the Presidential Award in 1982.••The year was 1943. Millions upon millions of Jews were being marched into gaschambers. During the following two years, more Jews perished in the holocaust. Among them, there was a five-year-old boy named Abraham whose eyes were filled with fears and tears. From his vacant and spiritless eyesight, we may easily read out his yearning towards peace.3）细节论证①数据论证：●●A survey issued by the department of Sociology at Wuhan Universitysuggests that 21.7%college students suffer from pressure of academic studies. It is an 11.2% increase, compared with last year.●●A recent survey showed that … percent of respondents ranked … as their toppriority, compared to … percent only a few years ago.②名言论证：●●One of the great early writers worte that …. If this is true, then the present situationshould make us wonder whether … is reasonable. To this issue, my answer is CERTAINLY YES / DEFINITELY NO.●●“….” Such is the remark made by …, a great …. This view has been shared /challenged now by more and more people.●●Adler is correct in this assertion that ….三、结论段Some strategies for closing paragraphs••1. Summarize the essay••2. Echo the introduction••3. Restate the thesis (thesis is the main idea of your essay)••4. Create an image••5. Striking a note of hope or desair••6. Use a quotation••7. Give a symbolic or powerful fact or other detail••8. Recommend a course of action1、禁忌：中文表决心方式2、常用句型1）形式主语2）被动语态3）虚拟语气4）无灵主语3、结尾方法1）归纳结论（主题同义改写＋观点概括）••Why, then, do I teach? (1) I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. …(2) I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. … (3) I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students. … So teaching gives me pace, variety, freedom, and challenge.2）反诘提问••What makes pollution so severe nowadays? Firstly, people throw life wastes carelessly, with them littering streets, rivers and fields. Secondly, the development of economy deteriorates our environment to a great extent. The major pollutant is the industrial wastes. The waste gas diets the air and the waste liquid from factories poisons the water. Thirdly, some pollutions spread out fast without effective solution to them. Green house effect, for instance, has caused the iceberg at the two poles to melt, which means that lots of countries will be flood-stricken.••A. If our environment is going on to be polluted in these ways, what a world shall we leave our later generations?••B. How can we live a happy and healthy life, if our environment is too polluted to have fresh air to breathe or clean water to drink?3）提出建议，呼吁行动••95年“课外兼职的利弊”••Since taking a part-time job is both a blessing and a curse, college students have to be wise enough to strike a balance between academic studies and part-time jobs.（折中）••96年“大学生活和中学生活的不同”••In short, different from middle school, college life develops me into an independent adult. Dear friends, when you enter the college, you are on the way to be an independent individual. So, rely on yourselves in daily life and manage your academic studies on your own.（倾向性）••00年：“课外活动重要性”••Extracurricular activities are very important to college students in their healthy de velopment, so I want to suggest that Students’ Union organize more meaningful activities and every student actively take part in carious activities.••02年：“保持健康的最佳方式”••Since sports is so important to keep us healthy, let’s do physical exercise everyday.••05年：“给艺术节提建议”••In my viewpoint, a university arts festival is a world for us students to be closer friends. The stage is ours. Fellow students, come on and wrap your arms around next semester’s university arts festival.4）展望未来05年：为艺术节提建议••Of course, there should be other shows to attract more students and show their own talents. I really hope that my suggestions are of help to the festival. I wish this festival could be held successfully and it would be a real show of our talents.98年：“解决污染的一个建议”••I believe by using electricity to replace petrol as an important source of power, the world will be cleaner, where we can breathe more freely, and trees will turn green again.5）模板句型No topic has received more attention than the one presented now.Quite obviously, p eople seem to fail to take into account the fact that ….And I believe that anyone who is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.Thus, we have to spare no effort to face the challenges and better the situation, which is a matter of achivement and failure – a matter no one and no nation can afford to ignore.As the famous saying goes: when the going gets tough, the tough get going.A much better and brighter future will surely await us.My view is that, first of all, it is of great necessity for the government and authorities concerned to ….Furthermore, emphasis has to be paid to ….Finally, it is high time that drastic and immediate measures were taken to ….The methodology suggested may not guarantee ultimate success, but the eventualpay-off could well be worth the effort.By means of adopting such ways, a much better and brighter future will surely await us.We have to seek immediate solutions for….Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a method.It is essential to heed warnings of potentially catastrophic consequences associatedwith … and, in turn, to attach top priority to finding effective solutions to ensure …. Immediate solutions for solving problems surrounding … remain elusive.However, public recognition of t he importance and necessity to … will represent the first step in finding effective solutions.We do, in fact, have a long way to go to reach our final goal.The time is right for us to take full advantage of ample existing opportunities.Whatever the outcome, we have to resolutely proceed with our objective.To address this issue and to …, goverments and authorities concerned should unite to work out effective measures against ….For instance, there should be ….Moreover, the public attachment to th e importance of … would play a decisive role in….In addition, w e should enhance the awareness of people that … is extraordinarily vital to us.Only in this way can we ….复习一、内容：1、你想说的最重要的事是什么？如果已经说出来了，在草稿中找出这段话，并在句子下面划线。
专四写作(课件整理版)
在展开段落时，需要提供具体的细节和例子来支持主题句的观点。这些细节和例子可以是事实、数据 、个人经历等，能够有力地证明观点的正确性和可信度。同时，展开部分应注意逻辑性和条理性，按 照一定的顺序或结构进行阐述，使读者能够更好地理解和接受作者的观点。
段落结尾
总结词
段落结尾部分是对整个段落的总结和归纳，重申主题句的观点，并可能提出新的 观点或展望。
详细描述
在写作段落时，首先需要确定主题，并以此为中心展开论述。主 题句应简明扼要，明确表达段落的主旨，使读者能够快速理解段 落的核心内容。同时，主题句应具有吸引力，能够引起读者的兴 趣和好奇心，促使他们继续阅读段落的其他部分。
段落展开
总பைடு நூலகம்词
段落展开部分是对主题句的进一步阐述和解释，通过提供具体的事例、数据、细节等支持主题句的观 点。
详细描述
在段落结尾部分，需要对整个段落进行简明扼要的总结，重申主题句的观点。同 时，可以提出新的观点或展望，引导读者进一步思考或探索相关问题。结尾部分 应具有总结性和启发性，能够使读者对整个段落有更深入的理解和认识。
03
篇章写作
文章开头
总结词
开门见山，简明扼要
详细描述
文章开头应直接点明主题，简明扼要地概括文章的主要内容，引导读者进入文 章主体。可以使用背景信息、事实或引言等方式引入主题，但应避免过于冗长 或离题。
选词准确
选择符合语境和语气的词汇， 避免冗余和重复。
句式多变
运用简单句、复合句、并列句 等不同句式，丰富表达方式。
修辞运用
运用比喻、拟人、排比等修辞 手法，增强表达效果。
引用恰当
适时引用名言、数据、事例等 ，增强说服力。
02
专四作文讲义精要
一.各部分框架常用模板：●开头段：现象引入句+ 他人观点对比句+ 自己主题句句型总结：1 引入句：Nowadays, it is a heatedly discussed topic that…When asked about …Recently, there is a general debate on whether…Should …? Opinions to this attitude vary greatly from person to person.There is no denying the fact that…The 年代saw an unprecedented tide of ….As more people focus on … sth has begun to draw more and more attention from the public.In recent years, …… This phenomenon has become a subject of widespread controversy.2 他人观点对比句：The majority of people believe that… while others regard that…A number people claim that… while some others argue that…3 表明自己立场句：Weighing up these two arguments, I am in favor of…For my part,…As for me,…I am in favor of the view that…Personally,…●中间段落发展句型：1 阐释原因句型：现象原因组合句：The latest surveys indicate that …. There are several reasons accounting for this occurrence. For one thing,….. For another,…. In addition, ….单独解释原因句：….. for the simplest reason that …Due to ….2 引出理由或者论据句:The reasons for my views mainly lie in the following … aspects.There exist certain factors accounting for my views.3 举例论证说明句：There are numerous examples supporting this argument.,,, is a typical example of…A good case in point is …A good example to illustrate is….For another example, …..4 说明好处或影响4.1 引出好处或影响：Undoubtedly, … can benefit a lot fromNo doubt, … have brought us great convenience and pleasure.It is obvious that …. is favorable to…4.2 列举好处或影响：It provides more people with….It/They broaden… and cultivate their….Moreover, … tends to bring some unexpected surprise, such as…Besides, it helps strengthen… and enhance…5 说明危害5.1 引出危害：…have brought about considerable negative effects on…… bring great harm to…However, the use of … is extremely harmful in many ways.… are likely to lead to very serious results.It suffers from the disadvantage that…5.2 列举危害：… puts a heaven burden on…… too much, which is unfavorable to…… which migh mislead…… which brings more difficulties for…… not only work against other interests but also does harm to himself.Even worse, … might lose control of…… have killed …, destroyed…., and wiped out ….If ….., … will suffer great losses and might lose… , which in turn influence….… are so induldged in… that….… are so addicted to…. That结尾段落句型结尾客套句+ 结尾总结句+ 结尾延伸句结尾客套句：From what has been discussed above，we may reasonably arrived at the conclusion that…. Taking into account all these factors，we may reasonably arrived at the conclusion that…. Judging from all evidence offered，we may reasonably arrived at the conclusion that….结尾总结句：对首段结尾主题句的paraphrase(略)结尾延伸句：1 说明方法或者建议句：1.1 引出方法But then how to….The following measures can be taken to ….Therefore, it’s high time that we took effective measures to …Considering the seriousness of the problem, it is necessary that we college students….1.2 具体阐述方法和建议First, ….. should…., which is the precondition of….Second, …. is an effective way to…..In addition, … is indispensable to…Besides, more…. should be trained and more…. should be built up so as to….To… is not an easy task. And it requires the concerted efforts of all….There is no immediate solution to the problem of…. But …might be quite helpful and beneficial.No easy method can solve the prolem of….in short time. But the …. might be the first step on the right way.2 警示句：If we ignore the problem, it is very likely that…No doubt, if we can’t change/control/improve the situation, there is every chance that ….We must search for a quick action, because the current situation of …, if permitted to continue, will surely lead to the end/heavy cost of…Therefore, … is not a necessity, but a must.。
专四新题型写作讲义
专四新题型写作讲义1. 专四写作题型简介2.四级作⽂考试要求测试要求:能根据所给的作⽂题⽬、图表或阅读材料等，写⼀篇200个单词左右的作⽂。
能做到内容相关、充实，语⾔通顺，⽤词恰当，表达得体。
考试时间45分钟。
测试形式：本部分为作答题，要求学⽣根据题⽬要求作答。
本部分为命题作⽂，⽂章体裁主要属于说明⽂、议论⽂或记叙⽂的范围。
测试⽬的：测试学⽣的基本书⾯表达能⼒。
3.如何安排45分钟的考试时间：4.评分标准写作Lesson 1:如何缩写1.如何对所给材料提出SUMMARY第⼀，字数要求。
缩写的字数不超过原⽂的三分之⼀缩写评分要求第⼆，缩写必须准确表述⽂摘的主题和中⼼内容第三，缩写必须全⾯抓住材料的所有要点2.如何抓住材料要点语篇分析训练1. 材料的主题/话题（topic）是什么：2. 材料的要点是什么3.专四材料常见类型和常见⽂章发展模式：观点型问题解决型因果分析型4.summary 的写作框架Step 1: 引出topic （⼀句话）Step 2: 介绍材料观点（⼀句话）Step 3: 概括要点（2-5句话）常见要点类型：原因、解决办法、积极/消极影响、范例分析Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response In NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save moneyYou should support yourself with information from the excerptMarks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksTerm-time holidays will be banned (2016年真题）Parents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK’s Education Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save money on holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teachers to "authorise absence" from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school“Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child’s education, " a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. "That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.”“This is part of the government’s wider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricterpenalties for parents and schools.”The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educationalestablishment which he believes has accepted "excuses for failure.”Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term time holidays. "The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child's education is more important than a holiday, "he said.卷⼀：Term-time Holidays Should Be BannedWhether the term-time holidays should be banned has aroused an heaten discussion for a longtime. Some in favor of hold that the more popular term-time holidays they are, the more bad influence children will have. However, some against it because they think take their children out of school for holiday during term time can save much money.From my point of view, I am inclined to ban the term-time holidays,….评价:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________卷⼆Term-time Holidays Should Be BannedAs is known to all, it pays too much if we go on holidays outside of term time. As a result, some parents are inclined to take their children out of school to save money on holidays.Recently, a hot discussion about whether term-time holidays should be banned attracts our attention. In terms of this topic, Michael Gove, UK’S Education Secretary, is in favor of it. As experts said, any time out of school was likely to damage a child's education. The authoratatives contend that parents should be fined for their mistakes. On the other hand, some people think the punishment is excessive but a child’s education is more important than a holiday.From my perspective, I hold the view that term-time holidays should be banned for following reasons:…评价:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________卷三My Opinion on the Term-time HolidaysThe latest news on the term-time holidays reveals that parents are to be banned from taking their children away from school during term-time. Those who break this new rule will face fines as a result.The regulation was established, according to a senior source at the Department for Education, mainly because t he time out of school would do harm to children’s educational development. He also mentioned that the regulation was an integral part of government's practice to lower the truancy levels in schools. This rigorous measure is believed to resolve the cultural problems in the education eventually. Additionally, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers considered the measure useful as it would prevent parents from too much pressure.To the best of my belief, it is unwise to ban parents from taking their children out of school for holiday in purpose of saving money. Firstly,….评价:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________卷四As can be seen from the excerpt, in UK, there is a frequent occurrence among parents to take their children out of school to enjoy holidays during normal term time. This is partly due to the cost of journey since this behavior will save them money. However, it can be summarized that parents are banned by UKS Education Department from taking their children out of academic study to go on holidays. What's more, those who violate the regulations would be fined and punished.评价:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________卷五New research has shown that nearly four out of ten parents in the UK have taken their children out of school to go on holidays. Cost is the main reason given by parents for sacrificing their children's education. Parents are to be banned, however, by UKS Education Authority from taking their children out of school to go on holidays during term time.评价:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.真题研析2017年专四作⽂题⽬Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) comment on whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksWith intelligent machines to do the thinking, will our brains get lazyChanging technology stimulates the brain and increases intelligence. But that may only be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines, our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligentArtificial intelligence is taking over many human jobs. For instance, planes are being flown much of the time by automatic pilots. And the complex problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.Artificial intelligence is embedded in many features of modern life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans, including some aptitudes where there was once thought to be a human advantage, such as playing chess, and writing poetry, or even novels.As machines get smarter, they will do more of our thinking for us and make life easier. In the future, the electronic assistant will develop to the point that it serves similar functions as a real living butler, fulfilling requests such as: "Organize a dinner party for six on Thursday and invite the usual guests.”At that point, our long struggle with challenging technologies is at an end. Like Bertie Wooster, we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brain -----the electronic assistant. Starved of mental effort, our brains will regress.SUMMARY:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2018年专四作⽂题⽬Read carefully the following report, and then write your response inNO LESS THAN 200words, In which you should:1) summarize the main message of the report, and then2)comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survivals DirectorYou can support yourself with information from the reportMarks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality, Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksWrite your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Report exposes the dark side of conservationA report launched by Survival International---the global movement for tribal people right’s------ reveals how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from protected areas, "since protected areas "like national parks should generally be no go " for miming, agriculture, dams, roads and pipelines.Survival's report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, whohave been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of "conservation", tribal peoples are being "illegally driven out" from these lands and accuse “poaching"; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big game hunters are welcomed in.Bushman Daugoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, " I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why Because we know how to take care of animals.”Survival's report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shakeup. Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribal peoples' rights to their lands, listen to them. and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.Survivals Director Stephen Corry said, “Millions are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environment's in deepening crisis. It's time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it's much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples' rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize it's they, themselves, who are junior partners.”SUMMARY:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2019年专四作⽂题⽬Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN200 WORDS, in which you should 1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on Brewer's view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption,You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREEHow much screen time is too much for kidsParents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it's the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’s not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of "digital nutrition" likens media diets to what's on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time) think about what you’ re eating."It's not Just about whether you consume any potential digital Junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life, "says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children's well-being. The study's lead author Dr. Andrew Pryzbylski said: "Our findings suggest the broader family context, how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they are actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful ---and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child's behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens, says Brewer. "Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they are watching, playing and reading is high quality, age-appropriate and safe-----and joining in wherever possible.”SUMMARY:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.模拟训练模拟题⼀Read carefully the following excerpt on Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you shouldthe main message of the excerpt, and thenon whether we should use animals for experimentation purpose or notYou should support yourself with information from the excerpt。
英语新四级写作讲义
英语新四级写作讲义2020年6月19日英语新四级写作讲义一、来自教育部的声响第一局部为30分钟的短文写作，分数占总分的15%。
在新四级考试中，短文写作和过去相比改动不大，出题作风和过去的四级考试作文基本相反。
热点效果、图表或漫画、正反论证以及针对某种现象发生的缘由与对策等方面的标题最有能够出现。
多读各个类型的范文，模拟并背诵其中的精髓局部有助于提高写作水平。
写作时一定要字迹清楚划一，紧扣标题，留意语法的正确运用，最好可以准确多变地运用词汇。
二、大学英语新四级写作基本要求写作才干测试局部比例为15%，体裁包括议论文、说明文、运用文等。
四级作文范文档的要求是：切题；表达思想清楚、文字迟滞，连接性较好；基本无言语错误，仅有一般小错。
该要求蕴涵着大学英语写作的四个基本考点：1、切题——所谓切题是指在方式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足标题要求，并在内容上没有偏向。
2、表达清楚、条理明晰——本要求考察先生对文章结构的掌握，要求文章主题观念明白，有头有尾，论证说明布置有主次，有轻重。
3、文字迟滞，连接性较好——本要求考察先生对过渡句和衔接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子外部与句子之间迟滞连接，不突兀。
4、基本无言语错误——本要求考察先生言语基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两局部。
三、历史的声响我们对真题写作的抽样剖析说明，考生的写作效果并不理想。
要想写出一篇高分作文必需具有两个条件：一是扎实的英语言语基础，二是掌握一定的写作技巧。
温馨提示：帮你对自己有个最后的评价●一篇好的作文应基本到达：有较好的写作基础，文章流利，遣词造句恰当，文章结构完整，内容契合要求；语法基本正确；句法基本准确，句子与句子，段落与段落之间过渡连接；有一定词汇量，字数契合要求；说理清楚，内容空虚。
●一篇较差的作文表现为：文章不迟滞，无段落，无结构，无清楚主题；出现很多基本语法错误，拼写错误；词汇量很小，词不达意，缺乏英语表达才干；不像一篇文章，仅是把一些不连接的词语拼凑到一同。
专四写作课程讲义
专四写作复习指导一、整体介绍1、复习规划⑴. 考试时间：4月第3个周六上午8:30-10:45⑵. 词汇过关：《专四词汇词根+联想记忆法》⑶. 精析真题（99年至今），背诵范文⑷. 模拟练习：至少4次作文：10：00-10：35便条：10：35-10：452、大纲解读及评分标准⑴. 文体：论说类、记叙描写类⑵. 评分标准：①思想内容：50%②组织架构：10%③语法：20%④用词：15%⑤得体：5% 优秀（15-13分）良好（12-10分）中等（9-7分）不及格（6-4分）低分（3-0分）⑶. 分数构成：基准分+印象分①. 基准分：思想内容+结构+语言思想内容：观点清楚，前后不矛盾，并有充分、恰当的例证说明自己的观点——论证充分，自圆其说组织结构：细节安排有条理，叙述层次清楚，段落之间联系自然，句子连贯——逻辑严谨，3段最好(1st段:40-50词; 2nd段:120-130词; 3rd段:40-50词)语法：没有句子结构上的重大错误。
拼写、标点、大小写等正确或有个别错误。
引用原文适度，不超作者文章的10％——正确无误，尽量高级，词汇替换eg: Nowadays, the Internet has become part of people’s life, and millions of young people have made friends online.用词：用词（包括习惯用语）准确、恰当——准确无误，丰富多变得体：语言得体，语气恰当，以理服人，有说服力——有理有据②．印象分书写：清晰，字迹整齐漂亮（黑色水笔）表达：正确、正规、可读（不要缩写eg: 3ks. 3Q. CU）标点：逗号，句号修改：不修改，少修改（草稿纸、模板句式）；严禁使用修正带、修改液或用胶带粘题目：大小写——实词大写，虚词小写eg: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online？二、结构1、文章结构第一段：给出观点；第二段：论证观点（原因论证、举例论证、细节论证）第三段：总结观点2011年Recently government agencies in some big cities have been studying the possibility of putting a “pollution tax” on private cars. The amount of tax private car owners would have to pay would depend on the emission levels, i.e. engine or vehicle size. This has caused quite a stir among the public. Some regard it as an effective way to control the number of cars and reduce pollution in the city. But others don’t think so. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Should Private Car Owners be Taxed for Pollution?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.2008年The Benefits for VolunteeringYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.2010年Should College Students Hire CleanersIn the first part, state clearly what your view is.In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.2、段落结构第一段：给出观点⑴第一句：Background information：背景介绍⑵第二句：General talk of the topic：引出主题⑶第三句：Thesis：我的观点2004年Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?In the contemporary society, young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. Therefore, some claim that phones will replace letter writing. Though phones are more convenient than letter writing, from my perspective, it will not put letter writing end.2003年The Importance of Keeping a Good MoodIn the competitive society, quite a proportion of people live under great pressure from education, career and families. How can we live happy life? I believe it is vital that we keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.第二段：论证观点⑴第一部分（1句话）：引言There are numerous reasons that may account for my point and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.⑵第二部分：论证(argument)①分论点一+论据(2-3句)②分论点二+论据(2-3句)*万能理由（一）：分论点提出角度Live in A Big City or Small City?①方便(convenient convenience)It is convenient.It is of convenience.It has found its convenience during the last years.It has found its seriousness during the last years.It has found its importance during the last years.句型：sth.has found its…during the last years.②有效性(effective)③环境好(environment-friendly)④健康(health)⑤沟通(communication)⑥安全(secure security )⑦知识(knowledge)⑶第三部分：小结(1句)—可有可无第三段：总结观点⑴第一句：重申论点（Restate of the thesis）2002年The Best Way to Stay HealthyAll in all, I believe the best way to keep fit is taking proper physical exercise.2003年The Importance of Keeping a Good MoodThus, we need not only to build a strong body but also keep a good mood in order to face the pressures or challenges of modern society.⑵第二句：建议措施/展望未来（suggestions/ future）2009年Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?Therefore, some actions need to be taken to curb(限制) the development of tourism. Only in this way can we witness the ideal scene in which all the people can enjoy their life to the utmost.三、语言设计1、词汇⑴准确性extensive knowledgefierce competition⑵多样性（注意：尽量使用晚学到的单词）2000年The Importance of Extracurricular Activities很多人认为课外活动很重要。
新CET-4写作讲义(二)
新CET-4写作讲义(二)三、评卷实例1、教材第5页第1篇：中英思维差异1）中式思维：情感分段、读者领会、迂回模式、归纳式思维2）英式思维：逻辑分段、作者交代、直线模式、演绎式思维Most people thought that read books should have been selectived. But others belived reading extentively was correction.Selective books or reading extensively?Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for us.on another hand. Someone's intresting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn't reading at only one level.I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren't wise.As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don't treat these books with rackless abandon.The best technology of reading is connect.2、教材第4页第2篇：I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.3、教材第5页第3篇：Some people think reading shall be choosed. Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are harmful to people.Some people think that men shoud read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. we must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.4、教材第5页第2篇：How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the developmentof modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What's more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't read all the books and we shouldn't read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree. They emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge he'll have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Who's right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.【。
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1. 专四写作题型简介2.四级作文考试要求 测试要求:能根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等，写一篇200个单词左右的作文。
能做到内容相关、充实，语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。
考试时间45分钟。
测试形式：本部分为作答题，要求学生根据题目要求作答。
本部分为命题作文，文章体裁主要属于说明文、议论文或记叙文的范围。
测试目的 ：测试学生的基本书面表达能力。
3.如何安排45分钟的考试时间：4.评分标准写作Lesson 1:如何缩写1.如何对所给材料提出SUMMARY?第一，字数要求。
缩写的字数不超过原文的三分之一缩写评分要求第二，缩写必须准确表述文摘的主题和中心内容第三，缩写必须全面抓住材料的所有要点2.如何抓住材料要点语篇分析训练1. 材料的主题/话题（topic）是什么：2. 材料的要点是什么？3.专四材料常见类型和常见文章发展模式：观点型问题解决型因果分析型4.summary 的写作框架Step 1: 引出topic （一句话）Step 2: 介绍材料观点（一句话）Step 3: 概括要点（2-5句话）常见要点类型：原因、解决办法、积极/消极影响、5.SUMMARY范例分析Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response In NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save moneyYou should support yourself with information from the excerptMarks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksTerm-time holidays will be banned (2016年真题）Parents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK’s Education Secretary, from takingtheir children out of school to save money on holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teachers to "authorise absence" from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school“Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child’s education, " a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. "That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.”“This is part of the government’s wider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools.”The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted "excuses for failure.”Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term time holidays. "The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child's education is more important than a holiday, "he said.卷一：Term-time Holidays Should Be BannedWhether the term-time holidays should be banned has aroused an heaten discussion for a longtime. Some in favor of hold that the more popular term-time holidays they are, the more bad influence children will have. However, some against it because they think take their children out of school for holiday during term time can save much money.From my point of view, I am inclined to ban the term-time holidays,….评价:____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________卷二Term-time Holidays Should Be BannedAs is known to all, it pays too much if we go on holidays outside of term time. As a result, some parents are inclined to take their children out of school to save money on holidays.Recently, a hot discussion about whether term-time holidays should be banned attracts our attention. In terms of this topic, Michael Gove, UK’S Education Secretary, is in favor of it. As experts said, any time out of school was likely to damage a child's education. The authoratatives contend that parents should be fined for their mistakes. On the other hand, some people think the punishment is excessive but a child’s education is more important than a holiday.From my perspective, I hold the view that term-time holidays should be banned for following reasons:…评价:____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________卷三My Opinion on the Term-time HolidaysThe latest news on the term-time holidays reveals that parents are to be banned from taking their children away from school during term-time. Those who break this new rule will face fines as a result.The regulation was established, according to a senior source at the Department for Education, mainly because the time out of school would do harm to children’s educational development. He also mentioned that the regulation was an integral part of government's practice to lower the truancy levels in schools. This rigorous measure is believed to resolve the cultural problems in the education eventually. Additionally, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers considered the measure useful as it would prevent parents from too much pressure.To the best of my belief, it is unwise to ban parents from taking their children out of school for holiday in purpose of saving money. Firstly,….评价:____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________卷四As can be seen from the excerpt, in UK, there is a frequent occurrence among parents to take their children out of school to enjoy holidays during normal term time. This is partly due to the cost of journey since this behavior will save them money. However, it can be summarized that parents are banned by UKS Education Department from taking their children out of academic study to go on holidays. What's more, those who violate the regulations would be fined and punished.评价:____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________卷五New research has shown that nearly four out of ten parents in the UK have taken their children out of school to go on holidays. Cost is the main reason given by parents for sacrificing their children'seducation. Parents are to be banned, however, by UKS Education Authority from taking their children out of school to go on holidays during term time.评价:____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________6.真题研析2017年专四作文题目Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) comment on whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines. You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksWith intelligent machines to do the thinking, will our brains get lazy?Changing technology stimulates the brain and increases intelligence. But that may only be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines, our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligent?Artificial intelligence is taking over many human jobs. For instance, planes are being flown much of the time by automatic pilots. And the complex problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.Artificial intelligence is embedded in many features of modern life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans, including some aptitudes where there was once thought to be a human advantage, such as playing chess, and writing poetry, or even novels.As machines get smarter, they will do more of our thinking for us and make life easier. In the future, the electronic assistant will develop to the point that it serves similar functions as a real living butler, fulfilling requests such as: "Organize a dinner party for six on Thursday and invite the usual guests.”At that point, our long struggle with challenging technologies is at an end. Like Bertie Wooster, we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brain -----the electronic assistant. Starved of mental effort, our brains will regress.SUMMARY:______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ____________2018年专四作文题目Read carefully the following report, and then write your response inNO LESS THAN 200words, In which you should:1) summarize the main message of the report, and then2)comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survivals DirectorYou can support yourself with information from the reportMarks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality, Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Report exposes the dark side of conservationA report launched by Survival International---the global movement for tribal people right’s------ reveals how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from protected areas, "since protected areas "like national parks should generally be no go " for miming, agriculture, dams, roads and pipelines.Survival's report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of "conservation", tribal peoples are being "illegally driven out" from these lands and accuse “poaching"; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big game hunters are welcomed in.Bushman Daugoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, " I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why? Because we know how to take care of animals.”Survival's report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shakeup. Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribal peoples' rights to their lands, listen to them. and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.Survivals Director Stephen Corry said, “Millio ns are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environment's in deepening crisis. It's time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it's much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples' rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize it's they, themselves, who are junior partners.”SUMMARY:______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______________2019年专四作文题目Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN200 WORDS, in which you should1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on Brewer's view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption,You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREEHow much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it's the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’s not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of "digital nutrition" likens media diets to what's on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time) think about what you’ re eating."It's not Just about whether you consume any potential digital Junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life, "says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children's well-being. The study's lead author Dr. Andrew Pryzbylski said: "Our findings suggest the broader family context, how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they are actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more importantthan the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen t ime, in and of itself, is not harmful ---and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child's behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens, says Brewer. "Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they are watching, playing and reading is high quality, age-appropriate and safe-----and joining in wherever possible.”SUMMARY:______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________7.模拟训练模拟题一Read carefully the following excerpt on Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on whether we should use animals for experimentation purpose or notYou should support yourself with information from the excerpt。