2017年12月大学英语六级听力真题解析(新东方版)
2017年12月大学英语六级第二套听力真题及答案
2017年12月六级真题2Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), D) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Say a few words to thank the speaker.B) Introduce the speaker to the audience.C) Give a lecture on the history of the town.D) Host a talk on how to give a good speech.2. A) He was the founder of the local history society.B) He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years.C) He has published a book on public speaking.D) He joined the local history society when young.3. A) She was obviously better at talking than writing.B) She had a good knowledge of the town's history.C) Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience.D) Her ancestors came to the town in the 18th century.4. A) He read exactly what was written in his notes.B) He kept forgetting what he was going to say.C) He made an embarrassing remark.D) He was too nervous to speak upQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) What their retailers demand.B) What their rivals are doing.C) How they are going to beat their rivals.D) How dramatically the market is changing.6. A) They should be taken seriously.B) They are rapidly catching up.C) Their business strategy is quite effective.D) Their potential has been underestimated.7. A) She had given it to Tom.B) It simply made her go frantic.C) She had not seen it yet.D) It was not much of a big concern.8. A) Restructuring the whole company.B) Employing more forwarding agents.C) Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors.D) Exporting their motorbikes to IndonesiaSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It makes claims in conflict with the existing research.B) It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.C) It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol.D) It shows that "night owls" work much less efficiently.10. A) They pay greater attention to food choice.B) They tend to achieve less than their peers.C) They run a higher risk of gaining weight.D) They stand a greater chance to fall sick.11. A) Get up late.B) Sleep 8 hours a day.C) Exercise more.D) Go to bed earlierQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) All of the acting nominees are white.B) It has got too much publicity on TV.C) It is prejudiced against foreign films.D) Only 7% of the nominees are female.13. A) 22 percent of movie directors were people of color.B) Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.C) Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters.D) Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.14. A) Non-white males.B) Program creators.C) Females of color over 40.D) Asian speaking characters.15. A) They constitute 17% of Hollywood movie characters.B) They are most underrepresented across TV and film.C) They contribute little to the U. S. film industry.D) They account for 8.5% of the U. S. populationSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) One that can provide for emergency needs.B) One that can pay for their medical expenses.C) One that covers their debts and burial expenses.D) One that ensures a healthy life for their later years.17. A) Purchase insurance for their children.B) Save sufficient money for a rainy day.C) Buy a home with a small down payment.D) Add more insurance on the breadwinner.18. A) When their children grow up and leave home.B) When they have saved enough for retirement.C) When their family move to a different place.D) When they have found better-paying jobs.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They do more harm than good.B) They have often been ignored.C) They do not help build friendship.D) They may not always be negative.20. A) Biased sources of information.B) Ignorance of cultural differences.C) Misinterpretation of Shakespeare.D) Tendency to jump to conclusions.21. A) They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group.B) They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.C) They persist even when circumstances have changed.D) They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.22. A) They impact people more or less in the same way.B) Some people are more sensitive to them than others.C) A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.D) A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Use some over-the-counter medicine instead.B) Quit taking the medicine immediately.C) Take some drug to relieve the side effect.D) Ask your pharmacist to explain why it occurs.24. A) It may help patients fall asleep.B) It may lead to mental problems.C) It may cause serious harm to one's liver.D) It may increase the effect of certain drugs.25. A) Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.B) Keep medicines out of the reach of their children.C) Make sure their children use quality medicines.D) Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.答案：1. A) Say a few words to thank the speaker.2. D) He joined the local history society when young.3. B) She had a good knowledge of the town's history.4. C) He made an embarrassing remark.5. B) What their rivals are doing.6. A) They should be taken seriously.7. C) She had not seen it yet.8. D) Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.9. B) It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.10. C) They run a higher risk of gaining weight.11. D) Go to bed earlier.12. A) All of the acting nominees are white.13. D) Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.14. C) Females of color over 40.15. B) They are most underrepresented across TV and film.16. C) One that covers their debts and burial expenses.17. D) Add more insurance on the breadwinner.18. A) When their children grow up and leave home.19. D) They may not always be negative.20. A) Biased sources of information.21. B) They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.22. C) A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.23. B) Quit taking the medicine immediately.24. D) It may increase the effect of certain drugs.25. A) Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.。
2017年12月英语六级试题真题及答案解析
2017年12月英语六级试题真题及答案解析2017年12月的大学英语六级考试已经结束了，考生最想知道的就是考试的答案了。
下面店铺整理了2017年12月英语六级试题真题及答案解析，供大家参考!2017年12月英语六级试题真题及答案解析Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文My View on InventionDrawing a comparison between modern life and ancient life, we cannot imagine what life will be like now without invention. Invention must be attached great importance to, as it is invention that contributes to the advancement of our society. There are several examples which can be cited to illustrate this concept. I can think of no better illustration than the following one. If Edison hadn't invented the light bulb, we would have lived a life as the blind in the night.Given that invention plays such an essential role in our life, what can we do to cultivate this precious spirit? For one thing, it is advisable for the social media and publicity department to vigorously inform the public of the importance of invention. For another, the relevant authority should set up favorable regulations to encourage invention. For example, they can set up the practice of giving premiums or issuing patent certificate toinventors.Finally, I want to use the following saying as our mutual encouragement, “Invention is the spirit of human being’s progress.”At no time should we underestimate the power of invention. Therefore, when an idea comes to your mind next time, just make your own invention.Part Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection A1. C) It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.2. B) It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.3. A) The transition to low-carbon energy systems.4. C) Plan well in advance.5. B) What determines success.6. D) It means being good at seizing opportunities.7. D) Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8. C) Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.Section B9. A) The stump of a giant tree.10. B) Wind and water.11. D) It was created by supernatural powers.12. C) By lifting them well above the ground.13. A) They will buy something from the convenience stores.14. A) They can bring only temporary pleasures.15. D) Small daily savings can make a big difference in one’s life.Section C16. B) They are necessary in our lives.18. B) They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life’sproblems.18. A) They expand our mind.19. B) It came from a 3D printer.20. C) When she was studying at a fashion design school.21. C) It was hard and breakable.22. D) It marks a breakthrough in printing material.23. A) They arise from the advances in technology.24. D) It is intensely competitive.25. D) Sharing of costs with each other.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension选词填空26. G) hypotheses 假设27. B) contextual 上下文的，情境的，前后关联的28. A) arena 舞台，竞技场29. C) convincing 有说服力的，使人信服的30. I) incorporate 合并，使并入31 .D) devoted献身于，把…专用于32 .N) reaping 收获33 .E) digits 数字34 .M) pride 以...自豪35 .F) hasten 加速长篇阅读36. D) For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience…37. K)That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year’s show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas.38. B) In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops…39. L) Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives.40. F) “So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets,”…41. A) Scan the highlights of this year’s Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before.42. H) And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us…43. E) Companies are promoting their own standards, and the marker has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new.44. I) Companies have already won part of the battle, having driving tech into every part of our lives…45. C) Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now.篇章阅读Passage One46. A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations47. C) They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.48. C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.49. B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.50. D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage Two51. C) Teenagers’mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.52. D) Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may havepsychological problems.53. B) Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.54. A) They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.55. B) It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.Part Ⅳ Translation(30 minutes)参考译文With the improvement of living standards, holiday is occupying a more and more prominent position in Chinese people’s life. In the past, making a living takes most of Chinese people’s time, which gives them rare chance to go off on a trip. However, tourism has undergone rapid growth in China for the past few years. The prosperity of economy and the emergence of the affluent middle class trigger an unprecedented tourism boom. Not only does domestic traveling become common, but traveling abroad is also enjoying an increasing popularity among Chinese people. During the National Day holidays in 2016, tourism consumption amounts to more than 400 billion yuan. According to the statistical data by the World Trade Organization, China will have become the world's largest tourism country by 2020, and she will also see the fastest growth in overseas traveling expenditure in the next few years.。
2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题详细解析第三套
. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Help others,and you will be helped when you are in need” you can cite examples to illustrateyour views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套听力内容完全一致，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany hasjust stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, ___26___ a shift togreen energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline ___27___ vehicle to be registered after 2030.Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and ___28___ is because energy officials seethat they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not ___29___ a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still ___30___ that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the ___31___ of electric cars in the country has not occurred asfast as expected.Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million. . . .63. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）hybrid and electric car battery charging stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans onhaving over 6 million charging stations ___32___. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal.There are ___33___ around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a ___34___ effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not ___35___, the results of such banswill likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.A) acceptanceB) currentlyC) disruptingD) eliminate E)exhaustF) futileG) hopefulH) implementedI)incidentallyJ) installedK) noticeableL) poweredM) restorationN) skepticalO) sparkingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived, You may choose a, paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Apple’s Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Teach IndustryA) The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorist’s smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government.B) After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to (讨好) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are. . . . destined to emerge victorious.64. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）C) It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you have the United States government’s mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort:the secrets buried in a dead mass murderer’s phone. The action stems from a federal court orderissued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I) to unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December.D) In the other corner is the world’s most valuable company, whose chi ef executive, Timothy D. Cook, has said he will appeal the court’s order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve aprinciple that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhoneso that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening alliPhones for any government intruder, anywhere.E) There will probably be months of legal tussling, and it is not at all clear which side will prevailin court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is asimple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global public’s collectivebelief that they will do everything they can to protect that data.F) Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Appleis forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what is to preventit from doing so for a request from the Chinese or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write codethat lets the F.B.I. get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke intoits other devices?G) Apple’s stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting inplace a series of technologies that, by default, make use of encryption to limit access to people’sdata. More than that, Apple - and, in different ways, other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft - have made their opposition to the government’s claims a pointof corporate pride.H) Apple’s emerging global brand is privacy; it has staked its corp orate reputation, not to mentionthe investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass. . . . surveillance that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental65. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world.I) “A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption,”said Kurt Opsahl, generalcounsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group. “Then you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest companies in the world coming out with a lengthyand impassioned post, like we s aw yesterday from Tim Cook. The profile has really been raised.”J) Apple and other tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making theirdevices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apple’s public opposition to the government’srequest is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apple’s help to write new code; in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on (热衷于) privacy,the F.B.I. may have been able to break into the device by itself.K) You can expect that noose (束缚) to continue to tighten. Experts said that whether or notApple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almostcertainly be able to further limit the government’s reach.L) That’s not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As Apple andseveral security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives theF.B.I. access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The orderessentially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the precedent could be usedto justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats.M) Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it proactively (先发制人地), before a suspected terrorist attack - leaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare.“This is a brand-newsalvo in the war against encryption,” Mr. Opsahl said.“We’ve had plenty of debates in Congressand the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run aroundthat - here they come with an order to create that backdoor.”N) Yet it’s worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical. . . . means to close a backdoor over time.“If they’re anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet66. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）they’re rethinking their threat model as we speak,” said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital forensicexpert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.O) One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions ofthe iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the F.B.I. wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhone— a user would have to consent to it.P) “Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof,” Mr. Zdziarski said, but he pointed out that the judge’sorder in th is case required Apple to provide “reasonable security assistance” to unlock Mr.Farook’s phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its ownengineers’ “reasonable assistance” will not be able to crack a given device when comp elled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words, even if theF.B.I. wins this case, in the long run, it loses.36. It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers’ private data.37. The US government believes that its access to people’s iPhones could be used to preventterrorist attacks.38. A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorist’s iPhone.39. Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access topersonal data.40. Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data inmassive scale.41. The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apple’s help.42. After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of encryption.43. According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.44. Timothy Cook’s long web post has helped enhance Apple’s image.45. Apple’s CEO has decided to appeal the federal court’s order to unlock a user’s iPhone.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or. . . . unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You67. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestion 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.At the base of a mountain in Tanzania’s Gregory Rift, Lake Natron burns bright red, surrounded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water.Bats, swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed inthe deposits of sodium carbonate in the water. The lake’s landscape is bizarre and deadly- andmade even more so by the fact that it’s the place where nearly 75percent of the world’sflamingos(火烈鸟) are born.The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos, however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once everythree or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stopflight to breed. Three –quarters of the world’s flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the RiftValley and nest on salt- crystal islands that appear when the water is at specific level- too high andthe birds can’t build their nests, too low and predators can more briskly across the lake bed and attack. When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe from predators by acorrosive ditch.“Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water,”says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester. “ Humans cannot, and would die iftheir legs were exposed for any length of time.” So far this year, water levels have bee n too highfor the flamingos to nest.Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons (泻湖)form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron. Three species of tilapia (罗非鱼) thrive there part-time. “Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the lagoonswhen the lake is low and the lagoons are separate,” Harper said. “All the lagoons join when thelake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die.” Otherwise, no fish are able tosurvive in the naturally toxic lake.This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has once. . . . again started mining the lake for soda ash, used for making chemicals, glass and detergents.68. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away, drawing the soda ash in through pipelines, conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breeding grounds. For now, though, life prevails – even in a lake that kills almost everything it touches.46. What can we learn about Lake Natron?A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.B) It remains little known to the outside world.C) It is a breeding ground for a variety of birds.D) It makes an ideal habitat for lots of predators.47.Flamingos nest only when the lake water is at a specific level so that their babies can ______.A)find safe shelter more easilyB)grow thick feathers on their feet C)stay away from predatorsD)get accustomed to the salty water48.Flamingos in the Rift Valley are unique in that _______.A)they can move swiftly across lagoonsB)they can survive well in salty water C)they breed naturally in corrosive ditchesD)they know where and when to nest49.Why can certain species of tilapia sometimes survive around Lake Natron?A)They can take refuge in the less salty waters.B)They can flee quick enough from predators.C)They can move freely from lagoon to lagoon.D)They can stand the heat of the spring water.50.What may be the consequence of Tanzanian government’s planned operation?A)The accelerated extinction of flamingos.B)The change of flamingos’ migration route.C)The overmining of Lake Natron’s soda ash.D)The disruption of Lake Natron’s ecosystem.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It is the season for some frantic last-minute math across the country, employees of all stripe are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left it their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power. . . . through the holidays into 2017: More than half of American workers don’t use up all of their allotted vacation days each year.Not so long ago, people would have turned up their noses at that kind of dedication to the job. As marketing professors Silvia Bellezza, Neeru Paharia, and Anat Keinan recently explained in69. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Harvard Business Review (HBR), leisure time was once seen as an indicator of high social status, something attainable only for those at the top. Since the middle of the 20th century, though, things have turned the opposite way – these days, punishing hours at your desk, rather than days off, areseen as the mark of someone important.In a series of several experiments, the researchers i llustrated just how much we’ve come to admire busyness, or at least the appearance of it. Volunteers read two passages, on about a manwho led a life of leisure and another about a man who was over-worked and over –scheduled;when asked to determine which of the two had a higher social status, the majority of theparticipants said the latter. The same held true for people who used products that implied theywere short on time: In one experiment, for example, customers of the grocery-delivery servicePeapod were seen as of higher status than people who shopped at grocery stores that were equally expensive; in another, people wearing wireless headphones were considered further up on thesocial ladder than those wearing regular headphones, even when both were just used to listen to music.In part,the authors wrote in HBR.this pattern may have to do with the way work itself has changed over the past several decades.We think that the shift from leisure-as-status to business-as-status may be linked to the development of knowledge-intensive economics. In such economies,individuals who possess the human capital characteristics that employers or clients value (petence and ambition) are expected to be in high demand and short supply on the job market.Thus，by telling others that weare busy and working all the time, we are implicitly suggesting that we are sought after, which enhances our perceived status.Even if you feel tempted to sacrifice your own vacation days for fake busyness, though, atleast consider leaving your weekends unscheduled.It's for your own good.51. What do most employees plan to do towards the end of the year?A) Go for a vacation.B) Keep on working. C) Set an objective for next year.D) Review the year’s achievements.52.How would people view dedication to work in the past?. . . .A) They would regard it as a matter of course.B) They would consider it a must for success.70. . . .2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）C) They would look upon it with contempt.D) They would deem it a trick of businessmen.53. What did the researchers find through a series of experiments?A) The busier one appears, the more respect one earns.B) The more one works, the more one feels exploited.C) The more knowledge one has, the more competent one will be.D) The higher one’s status, the more vacation time one will enjoy.54. What may account for the change of people’s attitude towards being busy?A) The fast pace of life in modern society.B) The fierce competition in the job market.C) The widespread use of computer technology.D) The role of knowledge in modern economy.55.What does the author advise us to do at the end of the passage ?A) Schedule our time properly for efficiency.B) Plan our weekends in a meaningful way.C) Find time to relax however busy we are.D) Avoid appearing busy when we are not.PartⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.青海湖位于海拔3205米、青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处。
2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套).doc
2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on essay commenting on the saying "Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need.,f You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage・ Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresp on ding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The coun try is also planning to reduce its carb on footprint by 80-95% by 2050, 26 a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will in elude the regist ration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline 27 vehicle to be registered after 2030.Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and 28 is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not 29 a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still 30 that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the 31 of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as ejected.Other efforts to in crease the use of electric vehicles in elude plans to build over 1million hybrid and electric car battery changing stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations 32 . According to the In ter national Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions seandal.There are 33 around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a 34 effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not 35 , the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.A)acceptanee B) currently C) disrupting D) eliminate E) exhaust F) futile G) hopeful H) implemented I) incidentally J) installed K) noticeable L) powered M) restoration N) skeptical O) sparkingSection BDirections: In this sectior\ you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Apple's Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Tech Industry[A]The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorist's smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government・[B]After revelati ons by the former Nati onal Security Agency con tractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to (讨好)certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, techgiants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor・ But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious.[C]It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you have the United States government's mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderers phone. The action steins from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to unlock on iPhone used by one of the two attackerswho killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December.[D]In the other corner is the world's most valuable compan* whose chief executive, Timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the court's order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any gover nment in truder, any where.[E]There will probably be mon ths of legal confrontati on, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor.Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global public f s collective belief that they will do everything they con to protect that data.[F]Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforce me nt investigation, what is to preve nt it from doing so for a request from the Russia ns or the Ira nians? If Apple is for ced to write code that lets the FBI get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into its other devices?[G]Apple's stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting in place a series of technologies that, by default, make use of en crypti on （加密）to limit access to people's data ・ More tha n that, Apple—a nd, in different ways, other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft—have made their opposition to the government's claims a point of corporate pride・[H]Apple's emerging global brand is privacy; it has staked its corporate reputati on, not to men tion the in vestment of considerable tech nical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass surveillance that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world.[I]U A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption/ said Kurt Opsahl, general counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundatior\ a privacy watchdog group. n Then you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest compa nies in the world comi ng out with a lengthy and impassi oned post, like we saw yesterday from Timothy Cook. Its profile has really been raised.H[J]Apple and oilier tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apple's public opposition to the governmerit's request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apple's help to write new code; in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on （热衷于）privacy, the FBI might have been able to break into the device by itself.[K]You can expect that noose （束缚）to continue to tighten・ Experts said that whether or not Apple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almost certainly be able to further limit the government's reach.[L]That is not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As apple and several security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the FBI access to the iPhone in questi on would establish an unsettli ng precede nt. The order esse ntially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the pr ecede nt could be used to justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats.[M]Once aimed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government couldask to use it proactively （先发制人地），before a suspected terrorist attack—leaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. H This is a brand new move in the war against encryptioMr. Opsahl said.H We have had plenty of debates inCongress and the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run （迂回战术）around that—here they come with an order to create that backdoor."[N]Yet it is worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of tech nical means to close a backdoor over time. H If they are any where near worth their salt as engineeI bet they are rethinking their threat model as we speak,n said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities. [O]One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions of the iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the FBI wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhone—a user would have to consent to it.[P]"Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof," Mr. Zdziarski said, but he pointed out that the judge's order in this case required Apple to provide "reas on able security assistance'1 to unlock Mr. Farook's phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPh ones so that even its own en gineers* H reas on able assistance11 will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words, even if the FBI wins this case, in the long run z it loses.36.It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers* private data.37.The US government believes that its access to people's iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks.38.A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorist's iPhone.39.Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to personal data.40.Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data on a massive scale.41.The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apple's help・42.After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of encryption.43.According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.44.Timothy Cook's long web post has helped enhance Apple's image.45.Apple's CEO has decided to appeal the federal court's order to unlock a user!s iPhone.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.At the base of a moun tain in Tanzania's Gregory Rift, Lake Natr on bur ns bright red, surrotinded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water. Bats, swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed in the deposits of sodium carb on ate in the water. The lake's Ion dscape is bizarre and deadly—a nd made eve n more so by the fact that it's the place where nearly 75 percent of the world's flamingos （火烈鸟）are born.The water is so corrosive that it can bum the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos『however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once every three or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stop flight to breed.Three・quarters of the world's flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the Rift Valley and nest on salt-crystal islands that appear when the water is at a specific level—too high and the birds can't build their nests, too low and predators can move briskly across the lake bed and attack. When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe from predators by a corrosive ditch."Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water," says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester・,f Humans carmot, and would die if their legs were exposed for any length of time.1' So far this year,water levels have been too high for the flamingos to nest. Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons （泻1胡）form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron. Three species of tilapia （罗鱼）thrive there part-time. "Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the Iagoons when the lake is low and the Iagoons are separate,H Harper said. "All the Iagoons join when the lake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die.1' Otherwise, no fish are able to survive in the naturally toxic lake.This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has once again started mining the lake for soda ash, used for making chemicals, glass and detergents. Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away, drawing the soda ash in through pipelines, conservationists worry it could still upsetthe natural water cycle and breeding grounds. For now, though, life prevails—even in a lake that kills almost everything it touches.46.What can we learn about Lake Natron?A)It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.B)It remains little known to the outside world.C)It is a breeding ground for a variety of birds.D)It makes an ideal habitat for lots of predators.47.Flamingos nest only when the lake water is at a specific level so that their babies can .A)find safe shelter more easilyB)grow thick feathers on their feetC)stay away from predatorsD)get accustomed to the salty water48.Flamingos in the Rift Valley are unique in that .A)they can move swiftly across IagoonsB)they can survive well in salty waterC)they breed naturally in corrosive ditchesD)they know where and when to nest49.Why can certain species of tilapia sometimes survive around Lake Natron?A)They can take refuge in the less salty waters・B)They can flee quick eno ugh from predators.C)They can move freely from lagoon to Iago on.D)They can stand the heat of the spring water.50.What may be the consequence of Tanzanian governmenfs planned operation?A)The accelerated extinotion of flamingos.B)The change of flamingos* migration route.C)The overmining of Lake Natron^ soda ash.D)The disruption of Lake Natron's ecosystem.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It is the seas on for some frantic last-mi nute math—ac ross the coun try, employees of all stripes are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left in their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power through the holidays into 2017: More than half of American workers don't use up all of their allotted vacation days each year.Not so long ago, people would have turned up their noses at that kind of dedication to the job. As marketing professors Silvia Bellezza, Neeru Paharia, and Anat Keinan recently explained in Harvard Business Review (HBR), leisure time was once seen as an indicator of high social status, something attainable only for those at the top. Since the middle of the 20th century, though, things have turned the opposite way—these days, punishing hours at your desk, rather than days off, are seen as the mark of someone important.In a series of several experiments, the researchers illustrated just how much we've come to admire busyness, or at least the appearance of it. Volunteers read two passages, one about a man who led a life of leisure and another about a man who was over-worked and over-scheduled; when asked to determine which of the two had a higher social status, the majority of the participants said the latter. The same held true for people who used products that implied they were short on time: In one experiment, for example, customers of the grocery-delivery service Peapod were seen as of higher status than people who shopped at grocery stores that were equally expensive; in another, people wearing wireless headphones were considered further up on the social ladder than those wearing regular headphones, even when both were just used to listen to music.In part, the authors wrote in HBR, this pattern may have to do with the way work itself has changed over the past several decades.We think that the shift from leisure-as-status to busyness-as-status may be linked to the development of knowledge-intensive economics. In such economies, individuals who possess the human capital characteristics that employers or die nts value (e. g. , compete nee and ambition) are expected to be in high demand and short supply on the job market. Thus, by telling others that we are busy and working all the time, we are implicitly suggesting that we are sought after, which enhances our perceived status. Even if you feel tempted to sacrifice your own vacation days for fake busyness, though, at least consider leaving your weekends unscheduled. It's for your own good.51.What do most employees plan to do towards the end of the year?A)Go for a vacation.B)Keep on working.C)Set an objective for next year.D)Review the year's achievements.52.How would people view dedication to work in the past?A)They would regard it as a matter of course.B)They would consider it a must for success.C)They would look upon it with con tempt.D)They would deem it a trick of businessmen.53.What did the researchers find through a series of experiments?A)The busier one appears, the more respect one ear ns.B)The more one works, the more one feels exploited.C)The more kno wledge one has, the more compete nt one will be.D)The higher one's status, the more vacation time one will enjoy.54.What may account for the change of people's attitude towards being busy?A)The fast pace of life in modern society.B)The fierce competition in the job market.C)The widespread use of computer technology.D)The role of knowledge in modern economy.55.What does the author advise us to do at the end of the passage?A)Schedule our time properly for efficiency.B)Plan our weekends in a meaningful way.C)Find time to relax however busy we are.D)Avoid appearing busy when we are not.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。
六级英语真题2017年12月(第二套)试卷及答案详解
C) They become stuck in the same job for decades.
D) They choose a job without thinking it through.
17. A) See if there will be chances for promotion.
B) Find out what job choices are available.
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Part II
Listening Comprehension
(30 minutes)
Section A
Direct．ions: In thi·s section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,
B) In shopping malls.
C) On the Internet.
D) At Barbie shops.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) Moveable metal type began to be used in printing.
2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题附答案解析(三套全)
2017 年12 月英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套）考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting onthe saying " Respect others, and you will be respected. " you can cite examples toilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200Part IIListening comprehension(30miutes)Section aDirections: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet i with a single line through the centre.Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard1. a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wastb) they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stalec) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needyd) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste foodb) it passed a law aiming to stop overproductionC)it voted gainst food import from outside europe d) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foodsc) it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.b) the surplus resulting from overproductionc) americans' habit of buying food in bulkd) a lack of regulation on food consumptionQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.b) it has just launched its annual anniversary salesc) it offers regular weekend sales all the year roundd) it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.b) coupons for customers with bulk purchases.c) free delivery of purchases for senior customers.d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.7. a)mail a gift card to her.b) allow her to buy on credic) credit it to her accountd) give her some coupons.8. a) refunding for goods returnedb) free installing of appliances.c) prolonged goods warranty.d) complimentary tailoringSection bDirections: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.b) they have more than twenty different hair texturesc) they have twenty-four different body shapes in totald) they represent people from virtually all walks of life.10. a)they do not reflect young girls aspirationsb) they are not sold together with the originalc) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescentsd) their body shapes have not changed much11. a)in toy storesb) in shopping malls.c) on the internetd) at barbie shopsQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printingb) chinese printing technology was first introducec) the earliest known book was publishedd) metal type was imported from korea13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.b) it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.c) it helped the german people become literate.d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.b) it boosted the circulation of popular works.c) it made writing a very profitable career.d) it provided readers with more choices.15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.c) turned translation into a welcome profession.d) it promoted the growth of national languagesSection cDirections: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.c) they become stuck in the same job for decades.d) they choose a job without thinking it through.17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.b) find out what job choices are available.c) watch a film about ways of job hunting.d) decide which job is most attractive to you.18. a)the qualifications you have.b) the pay you are going to get.c) the culture of your target company.d) the work environment you will be in.19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african-americans.d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.b) to call on african-americans to worship their godsc) to help african-americans to realize their goals.d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.21. a)faith in self-determinationb) the first fruits of the harvestc) unity and cooperative economics d creative work and achievement.22. a)they recite a principleb) they take a solemn oathc) they drink wine from the unity cupd) they call out their ancestors' names.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.c) it began to impact the world in recent years.d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950sc) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.d) it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.25. a) they care much about their health.b) they eat foods with little fat.c)they use little oil in cookingd) they have lower mortality ratesPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.In the past 12 months,Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a slidingcurre ncy, and a proIon ged fuel shortage. Now, Africa ' s largest in facing a food crisis asmajor tomato fields have bee n destroyed by an in sect,lead ing to a n ati on wide shortage and escalating prices.The in sect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largesttomato produc ing state, leadi ng the gover nment there to declare a state of26 .The in sect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by 27 onfruits and diggi ng into and moving through stalks .It 28 in credibly quickly,breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed tohave 29 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before cross ing over to sub-Sahara n Africa.In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the in sect's effects aredevastat ing. Retail prices for a 30 of tomatoes at local markets have rise n from $0. 50to $2.50. Farmers are report ing steep losses and a new $20 milli on tomato-paste factory has 31 producti on due to the shortages.Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, AuduOgbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may"create seriousproblems for food 32 "in the coun try.Ogbeh says experts are in vestigati ng how tocon trol the pest ' s damage and preve nt its spread, which has gone largely 33 un tilnow.Despite being the continen t's sec on d-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is 34 on $1 billi on worth of tomato-paste imports every year.as around 75% of thelocal harvest goes to waste tha nks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further 35 inlocal supplies is yet ano ther un welcome setback to the in dustry.A)dependent I ) originatedB) Embark ing J) reducti onC) emerge nc K) reproducesD) feedi ng L ) securityE) grazes M ) terrorF) halted N) uncheckedG) han dful O ) uncheckedH) multitudeSectio n BDirections: In this secti on, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questio ns by marking the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2.who's really addicting you to Technology?A. "Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, "wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distractionB. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz'sonline article, "As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.C. There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive.but who's at fault for its overuse ？To find solutions, it's important to understand whatwe ' re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech,your boss, your friends and you.D. The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows ：what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.E. Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out ofmanipula-tion--making ，products so good that people can't stop using them. afterstudying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learnedit all starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequentlyyou use money they make.It teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design.' s no wminpdaenr itehseseemcpoloy they have an incentive to keep us hooked.F. However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keepthem at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percentof smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue fromadvertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet t o many, email is the mosthabit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, butwhy? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slowResponse to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.H. Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table,enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.I. Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches（打嗝）-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don ' t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals,meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothingwhen someone offends.J. The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minoroffense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to dothe same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking untilfinally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phonechecking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy asmoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.K. The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone. L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easyfor me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted andoff tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when idiscovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather notdo, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on publictransportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign.when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredthtime, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape discomfort.temporarlly.byanswering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called"research. "though I desperatelywanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination( 拖延 )M. it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new.Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “ akrasia--our”tendency to do things agninstour interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren ' t on our deWviec'es.d likely do similarly unproductive.N. personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineeringtheir products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way theintended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that'sprogress.O. These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to makesure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms withthe fact that it's more than the technology itself that workplace culture, social norns ands responsible for our habits. ou individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious notonly of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing butalso how it is impacting us.40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.42. T he great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their ownpurposes.43. T he internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should45. W hite-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employersSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.who's really addicting you to Technology?A. "Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, "wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distractionB. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, "As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.C. There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse ？To find solutions, it's important to understand whatwe ' re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.D. The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows ：what theinternet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.E. Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipula-tion--making ，products so good that people can't stop using them.after studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make.It ' s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible.these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.F. However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge tocheck.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet t o many, email is the mosthabit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, butwhy? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slowResponse to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.H. Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.I. Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the personbelches（打嗝）-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one hasto wonder why don ' t we apply the sameciasol norms to checking phones during meals,meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.J. The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.K. The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone. L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rathernot do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like whenpassing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape discomfort.temporarlly.by answering email orbrowsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called"research. "though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination（拖延）M. it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new.Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “ akrasia--our”tendency to do things agninstour interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren ' t on our deWviec'es.d likely do similarly unproductive.N. personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.O. These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the te chnology itself that ' s responsible for our habits. ourworkplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part to put technologyin its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of distractions41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.42. T he great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.43. T he internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should45. W hite-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required employers Part IVTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into English. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2. internet by their太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖,占地面积2250 平方公里,是中国第三大淡水湖,仅次于鄱阳和洞庭。
2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(第二套)
2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Seek to understand others,and you will be understood " you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。
Part IIListening comprehension(30miutes)Section aDirections: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet i with a single line through the centre.Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wastb)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stalec) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needyd) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste foodb)it passed a law aiming to stop overproductionC)it voted gainst food import from outside europed) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foodsc)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.b)the surplus resulting from overproductionc)americans' habit of buying food in bulkd)a lack of regulation on food consumptionQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.b)it has just launched its annual anniversary salesc) it offers regular weekend sales all the year roundd)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.7. a)mail a gift card to her.b) allow her to buy on credic) credit it to her accountd) give her some coupons.8. a) refunding for goods returnedb) free installing of appliances.c)prolonged goods warranty.d)complimentary tailoringSection bDirections: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you heara question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.b)they have more than twenty different hair texturesc)they have twenty-four different body shapes in totald)they represent people from virtually all walks of life.10.a)they do not reflect young girls aspirationsb)they are not sold together with the originalc) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescentsd) their body shapes have not changed much11. a)in toy storesb) in shopping malls.c)on the internetd)at barbie shopsQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printingb) chinese printing technology was first introducec)the earliest known book was publishedd) metal type was imported from korea13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.c) it helped the german people become literate.d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.c)it made writing a very profitable career.d) it provided readers with more choices.15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.c) turned translation into a welcome profession.d) it promoted the growth of national languagesSection cDirections: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.d) they choose a job without thinking it through.17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.b)find out what job choices are available.c)watch a film about ways of job hunting.d) decide which job is most attractive to you.18. a)the qualifications you have.b)the pay you are going to get.c)the culture of your target company.d) the work environment you will be in.19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african-americans.d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.b) to call on african-americans to worship their godsc) to help african-americans to realize their goals.d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.21. a)faith in self-determinationb)the first fruits of the harvestc) unity and cooperative economicsd creative work and achievement.22. a)they recite a principleb)they take a solemn oathc)they drink wine from the unity cupd) they call out their ancestors' names.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.c)it began to impact the world in recent years.d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950sc) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.25. a) they care much about their health.b) they eat foods with little fat.c)they use little oil in cookingd) they have lower mortality ratesPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marineworld. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will--26-- no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in 2009.The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime --27--, for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an--28 --economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale-- 29-- fishing businesses with limited exports."island --30--have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing theocean, "saidpresident.Tommy remengesau jr in a statement. "creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of palau recognise as 31 to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the occan for future generationPalau has only been an_ 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.Senator hokkons baules lead 33 of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the sanctuary willhelp build a- 34 future for the palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past". these include the centuries-old custom of"", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish(补充).a)allocateb) celebritiesc)commerciald)communitiese）essentialf）exclusiveg)independenth) indulgei)permitj)securek) solitaryL)spectaclem)sponsorn)stockso)temitoryData sharing: an open mind on open date[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a'crisis' incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call formore openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement's benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocalsup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.[F] but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in openscience .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head's grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. ""with my institution and teaching load, i don't have postdocs and grad students", says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. "the stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others toview.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.[J] the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues manyof whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "i've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says ram. "the concem seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive as possible."[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don't . " there a new area to navigate-'are you cool with the fact that i'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.[M] many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resotResearch secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, "he says.[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others' data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists' requests for data.[O] communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, hesays,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. "whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. "the thing you are searching for reputation" says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,."to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a largerphere, outside the communities you know- is a net win."36. astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.Section cDirections: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the beginning of the movie, robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-del spooner or a child. even though spooner screams"save her save her! "the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to sarah's 11 percent. the robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question:would humans make the same choice? and which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?Isaac asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law i; and 3. robots must act inself-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws i or 2. these laws are programmed intoasimov's robots-they don' t have to think, judge, or value. they don't have to like humans or believe that wrong or bad. they simply don't do it.The robot who rescues spooner s life in / robot follows asimov's zeroth law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humansor allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as asimov's laws is debatable a word such as"harm"is vague (what about emotional harm is replacing a human employ harm), and abstract concepts present coding problems. the robots in asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situation.Assessing situations can be complicated. a robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possibe outcomes for various scenarios,Its doubtful that a computer program can do that-aleast, not without some undesirable results. a roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory programmed a robot to save huroxies(5) called""from danger. when one h-boheaded for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. but when two h-bots became percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both"die. "the experiment highlights the importance of morality without it, how can a robotdecide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?46. what question does the example in the movie raise?a) whether robots can reach better decisionsb) whether robots follow asimov's zero"d) how robots should be programmed.47. what does the author think of asimovs three laws of robotics?a) they are apparently divorced from reality.b)they did not follow the coding system of robotics.c)they laid a solid foundation for robotics.d) they did not take moral issues into consideration.48. what does the author say about asimov's robots?a they know what is good or bad for human beingsb)they are programmed not to hurt human begingsc)they perform duties in their owners'best interest.d)they stop working when a moral issue is involved.49. what does the author want to say by mentioning the word"harm"in asimov's laws?a)abstract concepts are hard to program.b) it is hard for robots to make decisionsc) robots may do harm in certain situationsd) asimov's laws use too many vague terms50. what has the roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory found in his experiment.a）robots can be made as intelligent as human begings some dayb) robots can have moral issues encoded into their programc)robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarion.d)robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.PassageTwoQuestions 5i to 55 are based on the following passage.Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how fast we seldom stop to see just how far wu have come in just a few year.The latest iPone 6s,for example,has a dual-core proccssor and fite nicely into your pocket. by comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your tandard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.its no wonder shat new applications for the internet of things are moving ahcad fast when almost every new decice we buy has a plup on the eng of it or a wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle wilate our own smart home lifestyle too.All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices,things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that millennials(千禧一代) are expected to make up of ouroverall workforce, and the fully connected home . become a reality for large umbers of people worldwide.However this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with ligent energy and facilities managemen.Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control, efficiency, and improvements to hat were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and environments remain connected,always online and talking to each other. the big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart citiesThe good news is that most of this technology is already invented. let's face it, it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant utopim(乌托邦式的) dream, and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet.it's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.51.What does the example of iphone 6s serve to show?a)the huge capacity of the smartphones people now useb)the widespread use of smartphones all over the worldc)the huge impact of new technology on people's everyday life.d)the rapid technological progress in a very short period of time52. what can we expect to see by the year 2020?a)apps for the internet of thingsc)the emergence of millennialsb) the popularization of smart homes.d)total globalization of the world53. what will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the internet of things?a）employ fewer workers in their operationsb)gain automatic control of their businessec) invest in more smart buildings and citiesd)embrace whatever new technology there is54. what is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data?a) how to turn it to profitable usec)how to link the actionable systemsb)how to do real time data analysisd)how to devise new ways to store it.55. what does the author think about working from anywhere and at anytime?a)it is feasible with a connection to the internetb) it will thrive in smart buildings, cities and homesc) it is still a distant utopian dream for ordinary workersd)it will deliver tangible benefits to both boss and workerPart IVTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into English. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。
2017年12月份英语六级(CET6)真题与答案(卷一)
2017年12月份英语六级（CET6）真题与答案（卷一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Respect others, and you will be respected. " you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。
Part IIListening comprehension(30miutes)Section aQuestions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wasteb)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stalec) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needyd) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste foodb)it passed a law aiming to stop overproductionC)it voted gainst food import from outside europed) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foodsc)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.b)the surplus resulting from overproductionc)americans' habit of buying food in bulkd)a lack of regulation on food consumptionQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.b)it has just launched its annual anniversary salesc) it offers regular weekend sales all the year roundd)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.7. a)mail a gift card to her.b) allow her to buy on credic) credit it to her accountd) give her some coupons.8. a) refunding for goods returnedb) free installing of appliances.c)prolonged goods warranty.d)complimentary tailoringSection bDirections: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.b)they have more than twenty different hair texturesc)they have twenty-four different body shapes in totald)they represent people from virtually all walks of life.10.a)they do not reflect young girls aspirationsb)they are not sold together with the originalc) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescentsd) their body shapes have not changed much11. a)in toy storesb) in shopping malls.c)on the internetd)at barbie shopsQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printingb) chinese printing technology was first introducec)the earliest known book was publishedd) metal type was imported from korea13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.c) it helped the german people become literate.d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.c)it made writing a very profitable career.d) it provided readers with more choices.15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.c) turned translation into a welcome profession.d) it promoted the growth of national languagesSection cDirections: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.d) they choose a job without thinking it through.17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.b)find out what job choices are available.c)watch a film about ways of job hunting.d) decide which job is most attractive to you.18. a)the qualifications you have.b)the pay you are going to get.c)the culture of your target company.d) the work environment you will be in.19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african-americans.d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.b) to call on african-americans to worship their godsc) to help african-americans to realize their goals.d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.21. a)faith in self-determinationb)the first fruits of the harvestc) unity and cooperative economicsd creative work and achievement.22. a)they recite a principleb)they take a solemn oathc)they drink wine from the unity cupd) they call out their ancestors' names.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.c)it began to impact the world in recent years.d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950sc) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.25. a) they care much about their health.b) they eat foods with little fat.c)they use little oil in cookingd) they have lower mortality ratesPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.In the past 12 months,Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa’s largest in facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect,leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of26 .The insect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by 27 on fruits and digging into and moving through stalks.It 28 incredibly quickly,breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed to have 29 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the insect's effects are devastating. Retail prices for a 30 of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0. 50 to $2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato-paste factory has 31 production due to the shortages.Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may"create serious problems for food 32 "in the country.Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread, which has gone largely 33 until now.Despite being the continent's second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is 34 on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year.as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further 35 in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry.A) dependent I）originatedB) Embarking J) reductionC) emergenc K) reproducesD) feeding L）securityE) grazes M）terrorF) halted N) uncheckedG) handful O）uncheckedH) multitudeSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.who's really addicting you to Technology?A."Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, "wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distractionB. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, "As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.C.There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse？To find solutions, it's important to understand what we’re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.D.The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows：what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.E.Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make.It’s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.F.However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slowResponse to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.H.Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.I.Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝）-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as wedo to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends. J.The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.K.The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone.L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape discomfort.temporarlly.by answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called"research. "though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延）M.it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on our devices. We’d likely do similarly unproductive.N.personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.O.These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.42.The great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.43.The internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should45.White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employersSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.who's really addicting you to Technology?A."Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, "wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distractionB. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, "As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.C.There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse？To find solutions, it's important to understand what we’re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.D.The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows：what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.E.Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make.It’s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.F.However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less howoften you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slowResponse to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.H.Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.I.Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝）-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends. J.The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.K.The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone.L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape discomfort.temporarlly.by answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called"research. "though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延）M.it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on our devices. We’d likely do similarly unproductive.N.personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.O.These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.42.The great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.43.The internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should45.White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employersPart IVTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into English. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖,占地面积2250平方公里,是中国第三大淡水湖,仅次于鄱阳和洞庭。
2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题完整版-附答案(第3套)
2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题完整版附答案原文（第3套）（此文档分二部分：真题试卷、答案）一、真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need " You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，第3套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在第3套真题中不再重复出现。
（参考本公众号第1、2套试卷的听力）音频在线收听：请扫码公众号“超能资料库”，进入菜单：大学-》英语六级真题-》听力：Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A 选词填空Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, __26__ a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline __27__ vehicle to be registered after 2030.Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and __28__ is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not __29__ a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still __30__ that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the __31__ of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as ejected. Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery changing stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations __32__. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal.There are __33__ around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a __34__ effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not __35__, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.A.acceptanceB.currentlyC.disruptingD.eliminateE.exhaustF.futileG.hopefulH.implementedI.incidentallyJ.installedK.noticeableL.poweredM.restorationN.skepticalO.sparkingSection B 段落匹配Apple's Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Tech Industry [A] The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorist's smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government.[B] After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to (讨好) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in thislatest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious.[C] It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you have the United States government's mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderer's phone. The action steins from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December.[D] In the other corner is the world's most valuable company, whose chief executive, Timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the court's order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere.[E] There will probably be months of legal confrontation, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global public's collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data. [F] Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what is to prevent it from doing so for a request from the Russians or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write code that lets the FBI get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into its other devices?[G] Apple's stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting in place a series of technologies that, by default, make use of encryption (加密）to limit access to people's data. More than that, Apple—and, in different ways, other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft—have made their opposition to the government's claims a point of corporate pride.[H] Apple's emerging global brand is privacy; it has staked its corporate reputation, not to mention the investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass surveillance that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world.[I] "A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption," said Kurt Opsahl, general counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group. "Then you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest companies in the world coming out with a lengthy and impassioned post, like we saw yesterday from Timothy Cook. Its profile has really been raised."[J] Apple and oilier tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apple's public opposition to the government's request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apple's help to write new code; in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on (热衷于) privacy, the FBI might have been able to break into the device by itself.[K] You can expect that noose (束缚) to continue to tighten. Experts said that whether or not Apple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almost certainly be able to further limit the government's reach.[L] That is not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As apple and several security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the FBI access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The order essentially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the precedent could be used to justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats.[M] Once aimed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it proactively (先发制人地), before a suspected terrorist attack —leaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. "This is a brand new move in the war against encryption," Mr. Opsahl said. "We have had plenty of debates in Congress and the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run (迂回战术) around that—here they come with an order to create that backdoor."[N] Yet it is worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. "If they are anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet they are rethinking their threat model as we speak," said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.[O] One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to mod ify future versions of the iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the FBI wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhone—a user would have to consent to it.[P] "Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof," Mr. Zdziarski said, but he pointed out that the judge's order in this case required Apple to provide "reasonable security assistance" to unlock Mr. Farook's phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its own engineers' "reasonable assistance" will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words, even if the FBI wins this case, in the long run, it loses.36. It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers' private data.37. The US government believes that its access to people's iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks.38. A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorist's iPhone.39. Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to personal data.40. Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data on a massive scale.41. The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apple's help.42. After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of encryption.43. According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.44. Timothy Cook's long web post has helped enhance Apple's image.45. Apple's CEO has decided to appeal the federal court's order to unlock a user's iPhone.Section C 仔细阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.At the base of a mountain in Tanzania's Gregory Rift, Lake Natron burns bright red, surrounded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water. Bats, swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed in the deposits of sodium carbonate in the water. The lake's landscape is bizarre and deadly—and made even more so by the fact that it's the place where nearly 75 percent of the world's flamingos (火烈鸟）are born.The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos, however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once every three or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stop flight to breed. Three-quarters of the world's flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the Rift Valley and nest on salt-crystal islands that appear when the water is at a specific level—too high and the birds can't build their nests, too low and predators can move briskly across the lake bed and attack. When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe from predators by a corrosive ditch."Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water," says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester. "Humans cannot, and would die if their legs were exposed for any length of time." So far this year, water levels have been too high for the flamingos to nest.Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons (泻湖) form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron. Three species of tilapia (罗非鱼) thrive there part-time. "Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the lagoons when the lake is low and the lagoons are separate," Harper said. "All the lagoons join when the lake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die." Otherwise, no fish are able to survive in the naturally toxic lake.This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has once again started mining the lake for soda ash, used for making chemicals, glass and detergents. Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away, drawing the soda ash in through pipelines, conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breeding grounds. For now, though, life prevails—even in a lake that kills almost everything it touches.46. What can we learn about Lake Natron?A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.B) It remains little known to the outside world.C) It is a breeding ground for a variety of birds.D) It makes an ideal habitat for lots of predators.47. Flamingos nest only when the lake water is at a specific level so that their babies can .A) find safe shelter more easilyB) grow thick feathers on their feetC) stay away from predatorsD) get accustomed to the salty water48. Flamingos in the Rift Valley are unique in that .A) they can move swiftly across lagoonsB) they can survive well in salty waterC) they breed naturally in corrosive ditchesD) they know where and when to nest49. Why can certain species of tilapia sometimes survive around Lake Natron?A) They can take refuge in the less salty waters.B) They can flee quick enough from predators.C) They can move freely from lagoon to lagoon.D) They can stand the heat of the spring water.50. What may be the consequence of Tanzanian government's planned operation?A) The accelerated extinction of flamingos.B) The change of flamingos' migration route.C) The overmining of Lake Natron's soda ash.D) The disruption of Lake Natron's ecosystem.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It is the season for some frantic last-minute math—across the country, employees of all stripes are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left in their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power through the holidays into 2017: More than half of American workers don't use up all of their allotted vacation days each year.Not so long ago, people would have turned up their noses at that kind of dedication to the job. As marketing professors Silvia Bellezza, Neeru Paharia, and Anat Keinan recently explained in Harvard Business Review (HBR), leisure time was once seen as an indicator of high social status, something attainable only for those at the top. Since the middle of the 20th century, though, things have turned the opposite way—these days, punishing hours at your desk, rather than days off, are seen as the mark of someone important.In a series of several experiments, the researchers illustrated just how much we've come to admire busyness, or at least the appearance of it. Volunteers read two passages, one about a man who led a life of leisure and another about a man who was over-worked and over-scheduled; when asked to determine which of the two had a higher social status, the majority of the participants said the latter. The same held true for people who used products that implied they were short on time: In one experiment, for example, customers of the grocery-delivery service Peapod were seen as of higher status than people who shopped at grocery stores that were equally expensive; in another, people wearing wireless headphones were considered further up on the social ladder than those wearing regular headphones, even when both were just used to listen to music.In part, the authors wrote in HBR, this pattern may have to do with the way work itself has changed over the past several decades.We think that the shift from leisure-as-status to busyness-as-status may be linked to the development of knowledge-intensive economics. In such economies, individuals who possess the human capital characteristics that employers or clients value (e. g. , competence and ambition) are expected to be in high demand and short supply on the job market. Thus, by telling others that we are busy and working all the time, we are implicitly suggesting that we are sought after, which enhances our perceived status.Even if you feel tempted to sacrifice your own vacation days for fake busyness, though, at least consider leaving your weekends unscheduled. It's for your own good.51. What do most employees plan to do towards the end of the year?A) Go for a vacation.B) Keep on working.C) Set an objective for next year.D) Review the year's achievements.52. How would people view dedication to work in the past?A) They would regard it as a matter of course.B) They would consider it a must for success.C) They would look upon it with contempt.D) They would deem it a trick of businessmen.53. What did the researchers find through a series of experiments?A) The busier one appears, the more respect one earns.B) The more one works, the more one feels exploited.C) The more knowledge one has, the more competent one will be.D) The higher one's status, the more vacation time one will enjoy.54. What may account for the change of people's attitude towards being busy?A) The fast pace of life in modern society.B) The fierce competition in the job market.C) The widespread use of computer technology.D) The role of knowledge in modern economy.55. What does the author advise us to do at the end of the passage?A) Schedule our time properly for efficiency.B) Plan our weekends in a meaningful way.C) Find time to relax however busy we are.D) Avoid appearing busy when we are not.Part I Translation (30minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。
2017年12月英语四级听力新闻及长对话真题及答案解析第一套【新东方在线版】
【导语】2017年12⽉英语四级考试于12⽉16⽇进⾏，考后⽆忧考将为您带来第⼀⼿2017年12⽉英语四级真题及答案。
以下为2017年12⽉英语四级听⼒新闻及长对话真题及答案解析【新东⽅在线版】，仅供参考。
News report 1Q1: Who did Edison raise money for?答案：B. Her little brother.解析：细节题。
重点听⼈物，运⽤听⼒技巧中的开头原则，直接解决问题，选出答案。
Q2: How did Edison raise money?答案：C. By selling lemonade and pictures.解析：细节题。
重点听⾏为动作，按照顺序原则及视听⼀致原则解题，两次提及答案内容。
News report 2Q3: What was France’s purpose of constructing the Wattway?答案：C. Providing clean energy to five million people.解析：细节题。
开头原则，听到goal这个单词确定核⼼内容。
Q4:What is special about the solar panels used in the Wattway?答案：B. They can be laid right on top of existing highways.解析：细节题。
顺序原则，后半部分，视听⼀致，答案确定。
News report 3Q5: What has is made difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?答案：A. Endless fighting in the region.解析：细节题。
开头原则，视听⼀致原则。
出现了continuous fighting in the region…与选项信息⼀致，确定答案。
2017年12月份英语六级(CET6)真题与答案(卷二)
2017年12月份英语六级（CET6）真题与答案（卷二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Seek to understand others,and you will be understood " you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。
Part IIListening comprehension(30miutes)Section aDirections: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet i with a single line through the centre.Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wastb)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stalec) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needyd) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste foodb)it passed a law aiming to stop overproductionC)it voted gainst food import from outside europed) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foodsc)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.b)the surplus resulting from overproductionc)americans' habit of buying food in bulkd)a lack of regulation on food consumptionQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.b)it has just launched its annual anniversary salesc) it offers regular weekend sales all the year roundd)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.7. a)mail a gift card to her.b) allow her to buy on credic) credit it to her accountd) give her some coupons.8. a) refunding for goods returnedb) free installing of appliances.c)prolonged goods warranty.d)complimentary tailoringSection bDirections: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you heara question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.b)they have more than twenty different hair texturesc)they have twenty-four different body shapes in totald)they represent people from virtually all walks of life.10.a)they do not reflect young girls aspirationsb)they are not sold together with the originalc) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescentsd) their body shapes have not changed much11. a)in toy storesb) in shopping malls.c)on the internetd)at barbie shopsQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printingb) chinese printing technology was first introducec)the earliest known book was publishedd) metal type was imported from korea13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.c) it helped the german people become literate.d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.c)it made writing a very profitable career.d) it provided readers with more choices.15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.c) turned translation into a welcome profession.d) it promoted the growth of national languagesSection cDirections: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.d) they choose a job without thinking it through.17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.b)find out what job choices are available.c)watch a film about ways of job hunting.d) decide which job is most attractive to you.18. a)the qualifications you have.b)the pay you are going to get.c)the culture of your target company.d) the work environment you will be in.19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african-americans.d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.b) to call on african-americans to worship their godsc) to help african-americans to realize their goals.d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.21. a)faith in self-determinationb)the first fruits of the harvestc) unity and cooperative economicsd creative work and achievement.22. a)they recite a principleb)they take a solemn oathc)they drink wine from the unity cupd) they call out their ancestors' names.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.c)it began to impact the world in recent years.d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950sc) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.25. a) they care much about their health.b) they eat foods with little fat.c)they use little oil in cookingd) they have lower mortality ratesPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marineworld. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will--26-- no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in 2009.The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime --27--, for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an--28 --economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale-- 29-- fishing businesses with limited exports."island --30--have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing theocean, "saidpresident.Tommy remengesau jr in a statement. "creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of palau recognise as 31 to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the occan for future generationPalau has only been an_ 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.Senator hokkons baules lead 33 of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the sanctuary willhelp build a- 34 future for the palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past". these include the centuries-old custom of"", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish(补充).a)allocateb) celebritiesc)commerciald)communitiese）essentialf）exclusiveg)independenth) indulgei)permitj)securek) solitaryL)spectaclem)sponsorn)stockso)temitoryData sharing: an open mind on open date[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a'crisis' incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call formore openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement's benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocalsup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.[F] but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in openscience .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head's grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. ""with my institution and teaching load, i don't have postdocs and grad students", says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. "the stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others toview.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.[J] the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues manyof whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "i've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says ram. "the concem seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive as possible."[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don't . " there a new area to navigate-'are you cool with the fact that i'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.[M] many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resotResearch secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, "he says.[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others' data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists' requests for data.[O] communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, hesays,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. "whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. "the thing you are searching for reputation" says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,."to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a largerphere, outside the communities you know- is a net win."36. astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.Section cDirections: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the beginning of the movie, robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-del spooner or a child. even though spooner screams"save her save her! "the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to sarah's 11 percent. the robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question:would humans make the same choice? and which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?Isaac asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law i; and 3. robots must act inself-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws i or 2. these laws are programmed intoasimov's robots-they don' t have to think, judge, or value. they don't have to like humans or believe that wrong or bad. they simply don't do it.The robot who rescues spooner s life in / robot follows asimov's zeroth law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humansor allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as asimov's laws is debatable a word such as"harm"is vague (what about emotional harm is replacing a human employ harm), and abstract concepts present coding problems. the robots in asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situation.Assessing situations can be complicated. a robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possibe outcomes for various scenarios,Its doubtful that a computer program can do that-aleast, not without some undesirable results. a roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory programmed a robot to save huroxies(5) called""from danger. when one h-boheaded for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. but when two h-bots became percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both"die. "the experiment highlights the importance of morality without it, how can a robotdecide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?46. what question does the example in the movie raise?a) whether robots can reach better decisionsb) whether robots follow asimov's zero"d) how robots should be programmed.47. what does the author think of asimovs three laws of robotics?a) they are apparently divorced from reality.b)they did not follow the coding system of robotics.c)they laid a solid foundation for robotics.d) they did not take moral issues into consideration.48. what does the author say about asimov's robots?a they know what is good or bad for human beingsb)they are programmed not to hurt human begingsc)they perform duties in their owners'best interest.d)they stop working when a moral issue is involved.49. what does the author want to say by mentioning the word"harm"in asimov's laws?a)abstract concepts are hard to program.b) it is hard for robots to make decisionsc) robots may do harm in certain situationsd) asimov's laws use too many vague terms50. what has the roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory found in his experiment.a）robots can be made as intelligent as human begings some dayb) robots can have moral issues encoded into their programc)robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarion.d)robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.PassageTwoQuestions 5i to 55 are based on the following passage.Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how fast we seldom stop to see just how far wu have come in just a few year.The latest iPone 6s,for example,has a dual-core proccssor and fite nicely into your pocket. by comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your tandard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.its no wonder shat new applications for the internet of things are moving ahcad fast when almost every new decice we buy has a plup on the eng of it or a wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle wilate our own smart home lifestyle too.All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices,things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that millennials(千禧一代) are expected to make up of ouroverall workforce, and the fully connected home . become a reality for large umbers of people worldwide.However this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with ligent energy and facilities managemen.Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control, efficiency, and improvements to hat were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and environments remain connected,always online and talking to each other. the big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart citiesThe good news is that most of this technology is already invented. let's face it, it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant utopim(乌托邦式的) dream, and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet.it's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.51.What does the example of iphone 6s serve to show?a)the huge capacity of the smartphones people now useb)the widespread use of smartphones all over the worldc)the huge impact of new technology on people's everyday life.d)the rapid technological progress in a very short period of time52. what can we expect to see by the year 2020?a)apps for the internet of thingsc)the emergence of millennialsb) the popularization of smart homes.d)total globalization of the world53. what will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the internet of things?a）employ fewer workers in their operationsb)gain automatic control of their businessec) invest in more smart buildings and citiesd)embrace whatever new technology there is54. what is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data?a) how to turn it to profitable usec)how to link the actionable systemsb)how to do real time data analysisd)how to devise new ways to store it.55. what does the author think about working from anywhere and at anytime?a)it is feasible with a connection to the internetb) it will thrive in smart buildings, cities and homesc) it is still a distant utopian dream for ordinary workersd)it will deliver tangible benefits to both boss and workerPart IVTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into English. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。
2017年12月大学英语六级考试阅读解析及复习策略(新东方版)
2017年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读部分解析一、选词填空思路建议：选词填空的解题步骤分三步走第一步：将15个备选词按词性进行分类，分词自成一类；第二步：根据前后词判断所考点的词性；第三步：在该词性分类内选择意思适当的词汇（用逐一代入法即可）真题解析：1.将备选词按词性分类：备选词分类情况：①形容词：A) dependent G) handful N) unchecked O）untouched②名词：C) emergency H) multitude J) reduction L）security M）terror③动词：E) grazes K) reproduces分词：B) Embarking D) feeding F) halted I）originated2.根据前后词判断所考点的词性，并在该词性分类中选择意思适当的词汇：二、长篇阅读思路提示：长篇阅读的解题步骤为第一步，从题干中选择至少两个独特的名词成分做关键词；第二步，带着所选关键词逐段扫描定位关键词，定位到某题的两个关键词后，即可断定该题与该段存在对应关系；第三步，某些关键词定位没有找到的题目，留到第二轮，通过再次阅读题干含义将其定位到某个段落上，在第二轮寻找时可优先考虑没有出题的段落，加快寻找速度。
真题解析：三、仔细阅读思路提示：仔细阅读的解题分为四步第一步，阅读题干，选出关键词并判断题型；第二步，浏览原文，定位关键词；第三步，阅读定位句，依次做题；第四步，结合排除法，锁定答案。
真题解析：一、选词填空思路建议：选词填空的解题步骤分三步走第一步：将15个备选词按词性进行分类，分词自成一类；第二步：根据前后词判断所考点的词性；第三步：在该词性分类内选择意思适当的词汇（用逐一代入法即可）真题解析：1.将备选词按词性分类：备选词分类情况：①形容词：c)commercial f）exclusive g)independent j)secure k) solitary②名词：b) celebrities d)communities e）essential L)spectacle m)sponsor n)stocks o)territory③动词：a)allocate h) indulge i)permit2.根据前后词判断所考点的词性，并在该词性分类中选择意思适当的词汇：二、长篇阅读思路提示：长篇阅读的解题步骤为第一步，从题干中选择至少两个独特的名词成分做关键词；第二步，带着所选关键词逐段扫描定位关键词，定位到某题的两个关键词后，即可断定该题与该段存在对应关系；第三步，某些关键词定位没有找到的题目，留到第二轮，通过再次阅读题干含义将其定位到某个段落上，在第二轮寻找时可优先考虑没有出题的段落，加快寻找速度。
2017年12月英语六级真题答案及解析(卷一)
2017 年12 月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第1 套）Part I Writing审题思路：这是一篇语句点评类作文，话题respect（尊重）是考生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不难。
题目要求针对引言“尊重他人，你也会受到尊重”给出自己的论点和论据。
考生写作时首先需要解释引言，之后将写作重点放在阐述尊重他人的重要性上。
众所周知，每个人都希望被尊重，而尊重他人会给他人以信心，也有益于培养人际关系。
此外，尊重他人也体现了一个人的高素质。
高分范文：On RespectAs human beings, we all crave the respect of others, which is coded into our DNA. If you show your respect for others, you are more likely to gain their respect. Just as the saying goes, “Respect others, and you will be respected”. It indicates the great significance of respecting others in our daily life.First and foremost, respecting others gives them confidence and encouragement, especially those who are not as good as you. Your respect can help them become upbeat and active, and even enhance their self-assurance. In addition, polite words help improve your interpersonal relationships to a large extent. As mentioned above, if your respect proves to be effective, people will show their respect for you, too, and it will benefit your social intercourse. Last but not least, respecting others is a symbol of high qualit y, which shows one’s good upbringing.Taking what has been discussed into consideration, it’s indisputable that all people are fond of being respected. It is so important for us to show our respect for others. Only in this way, can we earn the respect of others.全文翻译：作为人类，我们每个人都渴望得到他人的尊重,这是由我们的基因决定的。
2017年12月大学英语六级真题与答案解析(全三套)
2017年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析（全三套）六级听力第一套：Section AConversation 1M: And now, for the lighter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.W: That’s right John. This week the Italian government pass legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food wasted in the country. New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.M: Yes. And in addition to this, businesses would now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.M: In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United States, up to forty percent of all food goes uneaten. Despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food, one major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome Prof. Edward Becker to speak to us.Q1: What does the woman say about the new laws in Italy?Q2: What did the European Parliament do reduce food waste?Q3: What has the French government done recently?Q4: What is the major cause of food waste in the United States?Q1. C) They facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy.Q2. B) It passed a law aiming to stop overproduction.Q3. D) It has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.Q4. A) The confusion over food expiration labels.Conversation 2M: Thank you for calling Saks Fifth Avenue department store. How can I be of assistance to you today?W: Hello. I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items. Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun. It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did but for a much lower price.M: Yes. Our anniversary sale started on Monday. We do offer price adjustments within seven days of purchase to ensure our customer satisfaction. You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?W: Yes. I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.M: That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window. Do you have an account with us? We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish. Otherwise we can send a gift card by mail if you prefer.W: Crediting my account would be wonderful. Thank you. Now that you mention there's a sale going on, I do remember a dress I quite like when I was in the shop on Sunday. Is it on offer as well?M: Yes, ma'am. All the new arrivals are 15-20% off. In addition to the sale, we're running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if you need it.W: That's a good news. The dress really caught my eye but I did have some concerns about the length. How long will the alterations take?M: Our tailoring department guarantees alterations to be completed within five working days. If you like I can set one aside for you. If you're able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sale manager and they will be able to assist you.Q5. What do we learn about Saks department store?Q6. What does the man say Saks department store offers?Q7. What does the woman want the store to do to address the price difference?Q8. What is the service Saks department store offers in addition to the promotional sale?Q5. B) It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.Q6. D) Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.Q7. C) Credit it to her account.Q8. D) Complimentary tailoring.Section BPassage 1Barbie dolls have a particular look to them. They’re thin, tall, long-legged and virtually unlike any real human being. Although over the years Barbie has had more than 180 different careers-including football coach, sign language teacher, ambassador, president and astronaut–her body shape hasn’t changed much.Last year Mattel, the company that makes Barbie dolls, added some Barbies to its line that have different skin tones and hair textures. There are now Barbies with one of seven skin tones, 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles to choose from. Last year Mattel also gave Barbie a flat foot, rather than forcing her to be “in heels” all the time like the original Barbie is.Now they are introducing new Barbies with three slightly different body shapes while the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold.In a statement on its website, the company says it wants Barbies to look more like real people, and to give girls everywhere infinitely more ways to spark their imagination and play out their stories.Although many people say the new Barbies are a step in the right direction, some people say they don’t go far enough. They say that the new body shapes could be even more different from the original, tall, thin Barbies.Sales of Barbie dolls have been falling “every year since 2012,” according to CBC News.The toys aren’t in stores yet but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99.Q9. What do we know about the original Barbie dolls?Q10. Why do some people feel unsatisfied with the new Barbie dolls?Q11. Where will the new Barbie dolls be sold first?Q9. A. They are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.Q10. D. Their body shapes have not changed much.Q11. C. On the Internet.Passage 2The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the fifteenth century, but it was in Germany around the year 1450 that a printing press using movable metal type was invented.Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry. Right from the start, book printing and publishing were organized on capitalist lines. 'The biggest sixteenth- century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had twenty-four printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers. Only a small fraction of the population was literate, but the production of books grew at an extraordinary speed. By 1500 some twenty million volumes had already been printed.The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in the handwritten form, while less popular works went out of circulation. Publishers were interested only in books that would sell fairly quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit. Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high-volume production possible, it also reduced choice.The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages. Most early books were printed in Latin, but the market for Latin was limited, and in its pursuit of larger markets the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages emerging at the time. Printingindeed played a key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print, and producing dictionaries and grammar books.Q12. What happened in Germany around the year of 1450?Q13. What does the speaker say about the printer, Plantin of Antwerp?Q14. What was the immediate effect of printing?Q15. What was the great cultural impact of printing?Q12. A) Movable metal type began to be used in printing.Q13. B) It was the biggest printer in the 16th century.Q14. B) It boosted the circulation of popular works.Q15. D) It promoted the growth of national languages.Section CRecording OneYou dream about being a movie star. You live in a big house in Hollywood, go to the Oscars every year, and win. You will be rich and famous. Wait a minute. You also hate having your photos taken and you are very shy. So how could you ever become a movie star? Choosing a right career can be hard. Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what they want to do with their lives and get a job without really thinking about it. For some, things work out fine. But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate. Your working life lasts in average 40 years, so it’s important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about.Luckily, there are many ways you can get help to do this. The Australian website WWW. Careers online. com, compares choosing a career with going to the movies. Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. The site suggests you should do the same with your career. Find out what jobs are available and what your options are. Next, decide which movie you like best. If you are not a romantic person, you won’t want to see a love story. In other words, with yourcareer, you should decide which job will suit your personality. Finally, decide how to get movie tickets and find out where the theater is before you go. With your career, you need to find information about where you can work and how to get a job in that profession.So, how do you start? Begin by asking yourself some questions, certain life experiences. Have you travelled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates at your degree? Such as the first aid license, for example. Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do. A person, for example, who is allergic to cats will probably never become an animal doctor. Flight attendants, firefighters and police officers have to be over a certain height and be physically fit. Your personality matters too. Are you outgoing or shy? If you like working alone, a job that requires lots of team work might not suit you.Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought. However, when you know you can look forward to working in your dream job, you will be glad you thought it through.16. What does the speaker say about many college graduates?17. What does the Australia website suggest you do first to find a suitable job?18. What should you think about when you look for the right job according to the Australian website?16.D) They choose a job without thinking it through.17.B) Find out what job choices are available.18.A) The qualifications you have.Recording 2Kwanzaa is a cultural festival, during which African-American celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of the two worlds. It begins December 26th and last for seven days. Kwanzaa was founded in 1966 by Dr. Karenga, a college professor and African-American leader, who believed that a special holiday could help African Americans meet their goals of building strong families,learning about their history and creating a sense of unity. After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or first fruit’s celebration. In cooperating ideas from many different harvest traditions. Kwanzaa is a … word meaning the first fruits of the harvest. The east African language of … was chosen as an official language of Kwanzaa. Because it is a non-tribal language spoken by a large portion of the African population. Also its pronunciation is easy. Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principal is highlighted each day of the holiday. In preparation for the celebration, a astroy matters placed on the table. Along with the candle holder was seven candles. One black, three red and three green. The black candle represents the African-American people. The red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopes for their future. Other items placed on our table are a variety of fruit is of comes gifts and communal unity cup for pouring and sharing drinks. Each day of Kwanzaa usually before the evening meal，family and friends gather around the table and someone lights the candle beginning with the black. After that，candles are lit alternatively from left to right. While the candles is being lit, a principal is recited then each person present takes turn to speak about the importance that the principle has to himself or herself. Next, the ceremony focuses on remembering those who've died. A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into a bowl. That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying “her thanmbi”，whic h means that let’s all pour together. All repeat “her thanmbi” seven times and each person drinks from the cup . Then they and names of African American leaders and heroes a cold out to and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did. The ceremony is followed by a meal, and then singing and perhaps listening to African music19.What does the speaker say about Kwanzaa?20. For what purpose did Doctor Karenga create the special holiday?21. What does the word Kwanzaa mean?22. What do people do while each candle is being let at the Kwanzaa celebration?19. B)It is a cultural festival founded for African-Americans.20. C)To help African-Americans to realize their goals.21. B)The fruits of the harvest.22. A)They recite a principle.Recording 3The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region. Several noted nutritionists in research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer and increasing life expectancy. The countries that have inspired Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea. These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years. In Europe, parts of Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet as to the morocco, Indonesia, and North Africa. Parts of the Balkan region and turkey follow the diet as well as middle eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria, the Mediterranean region is warm and sunny and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost a year round that the people eat many times a day. Wine, bread, all of oil and nuts are other staples of the region. In the Mediterranean sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish. International interest in therapeutic qualities of Mediterranean diet began back in the late nineteen fifties. When medical researchers started to link the currency of heart disease with diet, Doctor Ansol Keths performed the epidemiological analysis of diets around the world. In titled of the seven countries study, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed. In it, Keths gathered data on heart disease in its potential causes from nearly thirty thousand men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands and the United States. The study was conducted over period of decades. It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages. The Mediterranean groups have lower mortality rates in all age brackets in form of all causes particularly from heart disease. The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high as or higher in fat than other diets, obtaining up to forty percent of all its calories from fat. It has however, different patterns of fat intake. Mediterranean cooking, in its smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amount of unsaturated fat, mostly in form of all of oil. Saturated fats are fats are found principally in meat and dairy products, although some nuts in vegetable oils also contain them. Saturated fats are used by the body tomake cholesterol in high levels of cholesterol has since been directly related to heart disease.23. What has research concluded about the Mediterranean diet?24. What do we learn about the seven countries study?25. What do we learn about the Mediterranean people from the seven countries study?23. D) It is one of the world’s most healthy diets.24. A) It is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.25. B) They have lower mortality rates.六级听力第二套：1.A) Say a few words to thank the speaker.2.D) He joined the local history societ when young.3.B) She had a good knowledge of the town's history.4.C) He made an embarrassing remark.5. B) What their rivals are doing.6. D) Their potentials has been underestimated.7. C) She had not seen it yet.8. D) Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.9. B) It makes claims in conflict with the exising research.10. C) They run a higher risk of gaining weight.11. D) Go to bed earlier.12. A) All the acting nominees are white.13. D) Only 3.4 percent of film directors are female.14. C) Females color over 40.15. B) They are most underrepresented across TV and film.16. C) One that covers their debts and burial expenses.17. D) Add more insurance on the breadwinner.18. A) When their children grow up and leave home.19.D）They may not always be negative.20.A) Biased sources of information.21.B) They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.22.C) A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.23. B) Quit taking the medicine immediately.24. D) It may increase the effect of certain drugs.25. A)Tell their children to treat medicine with respect.六级阅读第一套选词填空帕劳群岛的捕鱼业The Pacific island nation of Palau has become home to the sixth largest marine sanctuary in the world.26. I) permit27. O) territory28. F) exclusive29. C) commercial30. D) communities31. E) essential32. G) independent33. M) sponsor34. J) secure35. N) stocks匹配题Who's really addicting you to technology?36. [E] Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.37. [L] The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.38. [I] Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching.39. [O] To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.40. [B] Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of Internet distractions.41. [J] When one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.42. [F] The great majority of smartphone users don’t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.43. [D]The Internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.44. [L] The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should do right away.45. [G] White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employers.仔细阅读Passage One46. A) He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.47. C) Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century for medicinal use.48. A) Cocaine had become notorious.49. D) It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation.50. A) The evolution of Coca-cola.Passage Two51. C) There was a clear divide between large and small cities.52. D) They have changed America's landscape.53. D) looked deserted in the evenings54. C) Modernized housing and improved infrastructure.55. D) Better job opportunities.六级阅读第二套选词填空第二套：尼日利亚西红柿减产In the past 12 months, Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage.26. C) emergency27. D) feeding28. K) reproduces29. I) originated30. G) handful31. F) halted32. L) security33. N) unchecked34. A) dependent35. J) reduction匹配题It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent.[M] 36. Astronomer David Hogg doesn’t think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.[G] 37. Some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them.[D] 38. Some psychology journals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.[A] 39. There is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.[P] 40. Sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation.[L] 41. Data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations.[B] 42. Scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing.[O] 43. Potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project.[I] 44. Sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming. [F] 45. Junior researchers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.仔细阅读Passage One46. A) Whether robots can reach better decisions47. D) They did not take moral issues into consideration.48. C) They perform duties in their owners' best interest.49. A) Abstract concepts are hard to program.50. C) Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios.Passage Two51. D) The rapid technological progress in a very short period of time.52. B) The popularization of smart homes.53. B) Gain automatic control of their businesses.54. A) How to turn it to profitable use.55. A) It is feasible with a connection to the internet.六级阅读第三套选词填空26. O) sparking27. L) powered28. H) implemented29. D) eliminate30. G) hopeful31. A) acceptance32. J) installed33. B) currently34. K) noticeable35. F) futile匹配题36. E37. B38. I39. C40. D41. J42. F43. A44. L45. G仔细阅读Passage 146. A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.47. C) stay away from predators.48. B) they can survive well in salty water49. A) They can take refuges in the less salty waters.50. D) The disruption of Lake Natron’s ecosystem.Passage 2 城市规划用地51. A) They were divided into residential and business areas.52. B) They have seen a rise in property prices.53. D) look deserted in the evenings54. C) More comfortable life and greater upward mobility55. B) More chances for promotion翻译：青海湖青海湖位于海拔3205米、青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处。
2017年12月CET-6真题(1)及答案(附听力音频)
2017年12月CET-6真题（1）及答案（附听力音频）在新学年开始之际，应广大同学的强烈要求，我们从今天开始推出大学英语去、六级历年全套真题并附部分参考答案与解析，供大家参考，由于资料整理可能不尽完善，有差错之处请同学们谅解、自行辨别。
恭祝各位同学：身体健康，学业有成！敬请关注、推广、宣传和支持！2017年12月CET-6真题（1）及答案（附听力音频）2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套）“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。
”Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying 'Respect others, and you will be respected. ' you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。
Part IIListening comprehension(30miutes) 2017.126（1）来自大译精诚00:00 26:41Section aDirections: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet i with a singleline through the centre.Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wastb)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stalec) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needyd) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste foodb)it passed a law aiming to stop overproduction C)it voted gainst food import from outside europed) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foodsc)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.b)the surplus resulting from overproductionc)americans' habit of buying food in bulkd)a lack of regulation on food consumptionQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.b)it has just launched its annual anniversary salesc) it offers regular weekend sales all the year roundd)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.d)price adjustments within seven days of purchase.7. a)mail a gift card to her.b) allow her to buy on credic) credit it to her accountd) give her some coupons.8. a) refunding for goods returnedb) free installing of appliances.c)prolonged goods warranty.d)complimentary tailoringSection bDirections: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.b)they have more than twenty different hair texturesc)they have twenty-four different body shapes in totald)they represent people from virtually all walks oflife.10.a)they do not reflect young girls aspirationsb)they are not sold together with the originalc) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescentsd) their body shapes have not changed much11. a)in toy storesb) in shopping malls.c)on the internetd)at barbie shopsQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printingb) chinese printing technology was first introducec)the earliestknown book was publishedd) metal type was imported from korea13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.c) it helped the german people become literate.d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.c)it made writing a very profitable career.d) it provided readers with more choices.15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.c) turned translation into a welcome profession.d) it promoted the growth of national languagesSection cDirections: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.d) they choose a job without thinking it through.17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.b)find out what job choices are available.c)watch afilm about ways of job hunting.d) decide which job is most attractive to you.18. a)the qualifications you have.b)the pay you are going to get.c)the culture of your target company.d) the work environment you will be in.19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african-americans.d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.b) to call on african-americans to worship their godsc) to help african-americans to realize their goals.d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.21. a)faith inself-determinationb)the first fruits of the harvestc) unity and cooperative economicsd creative work and achievement.22.a)they recite a principleb)they take a solemn oathc)they drink wine from the unity cupd) they call out their ancestors' names.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.c)it began to impact the world in recent years.d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950sc) it is regarded as one of the greatestresearches of its kind.d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.25. a) they care much about their health.b) they eat foods with little fat. c)they use little oil in cookingd) they have lower mortality ratesPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. In the past 12 months,Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa’s largest in facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect,leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of26 .The insect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by 27 on fruits and digginginto and moving through stalks.It 28 incredibly quickly,breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed to have 29 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the insect's effects are devastating. Retail prices for a 30 of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0. 50 to $2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato-paste factory has 31 production due to the shortages.Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may'create serious problems for food 32 'in the country.Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread, which has gone largely 33 until now.Despite being the continent's second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is 34 on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year.as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further 35 in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry.A) dependent I）originatedB) Embarking J) reductionC) emergenc K) reproducesD) feeding L）securityE)grazes M）terrorF) haltedN) uncheckedG) handful O）uncheckedH) multitudeSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.who's really addicting you to Technology?A.'Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, 'wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distractionB. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, 'As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.C.There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse？To find solutions, it's important tounderstand what we’re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.D.The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows：what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividingattention.E.Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned itall starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make.It’s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.F.However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users everbother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the mosthabit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slowResponse to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.H.Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.I.Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝）-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violatesthe basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.J.The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.K.The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone. L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, Ioften find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escapediscomfort.temporarlly.by answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called'research. 'though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do withnew-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延）M.it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on our devices. We’d likely do similarly unproductive.N.personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's nodoubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.O.These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will followsuit.42.The great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.43.Theinternet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should45.White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employersSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.who's really addicting you to Technology?A.'Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, 'wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distractionB. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, 'As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.C.There's something different aboutthis technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse？To find solutions, it's important to understand what we’re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.D.The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows：what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividingattention.E.Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned itall starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make.It’s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.F.However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge tocheck.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the mosthabit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slowResponse to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.H.Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.I.Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝）-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of e tiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.J.The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.K.The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone. L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-formingtechnology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escapediscomfort.temporarlly.by answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called'research. 'though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do withnew-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延）M.it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on ourdevices. We’d likely do similarly unproductive.N.personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.O.These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for o ur habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will followsuit.42.The great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.43.The internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should45.White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employersPart IVTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into English. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖,占地面积2250平方公里,是中国第三大淡水湖,仅次于鄱阳和洞庭。
大学英语六级真题2017年12月-(2)
大学英语六级真题2017年12月-(2)(总分：710.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Help others,and you will be helped when you are in need." You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：106.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：A famous proverb goes like this: "Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need." Simple as the saying is, its implication is inspiring. This saying, in my point of view, highlights the role of mutual help in our daily life and the principles people should uphold.It is known to all that the world today is getting more closely connected than ever before, which demands our mutual help in addressing regional or international issues. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, mutual help is to us what water is to fish. To take the friendship between my desk mate and me as an example, we treat each other as true brothers. When he is in trouble, I always offer a helping hand, and vice versa. What"s more, helping others in need has always been a virtue in traditional Chinese culture. As we build our country based on such cultural foundation, we cannot afford to lie idle such moral guide.To sum up, "Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need" does make sense nowadays. The changing world makes it impossible to live alone, and we need mutual help to thrive. The cultural essence makes helping others tenable. And by doing so, we believe we can build a harmonious community with shared future.二、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：2，分数：104.00)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：52.00）A.Say a few words to thank the speaker. √B.Introduce the speaker to the audience.C.Give a lecture on the history of the town.D.Host a talk on how to give a good speech.解析：[听力原文]W: You are going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening, aren"t you, Bill? M: Yes.W: You don"t sound very enthusiastic. It"s not very bad, is it?M: No, I don"t mind really. But I can never forget the first speech of thanks I did.W: Why? What happened?M: Well, I was in my early twenties. I joined the local history society.W: Yes...M: Anyway, I went along to a lecture by a Miss Bligh.W: Oh, do go on.M: She was going to talk with slides about a town in the 18th century. She just published a book on the subject which is reckoned to be quite good. So, I went along. When I arrived, the secretary asked me if I could give the speech of thanks. Rather stupidly, I said yes.W: We"ve all done it.M: Anyway, from that point on, I was scared. What should I say? I"d start to make notes during the lecture, and refer to interesting parts and thank her on behalf of the society. In fact, by the time Miss Bligh stood up to talk, I was feeling much better. But she was so nervous that she kept forgetting what to say, and she spoke almost in a whisper. People at the back kept calling out "We can"t hear." It was embarrassing.W: I can imagine it.M: At least the slides were good, that is, until the bulb in the projector blew, and she had to finish the talk with no illustrations.W: So what did you say in your speech of thanks?M: What can you say? You have to be polite, and mention the interesting facts, refer to the excellent slides and then finish it by saying "we"d all like to thank Miss Bligh for blowing extra slides." W: Oh, no!M: I thought terrible. I tried to apologize, not very successfully.W: And the speech of thanks this evening?M: I"ll write down exactly what I"m going to say and read it carefully.Q: What is the man asked to do this evening?[解析] 听前预测：1．四项均以动词原形开头，可能以what提问。
2017年12月大学英语六级第二套听力真题及答案
光伏电站典型工程案例一、青海塔拉滩光伏电站。
这个光伏电站可不得了啊！你想啊，在青海那片广袤的土地上，塔拉滩就像一块巨大的“太阳电池板试验田”。
1. 选址的智慧。
当初选这儿啊，那可是经过深思熟虑的。
塔拉滩日照时间超长，一年到头大部分时间都是阳光明媚的。
就像老天爷专门为光伏电站留了个绝佳的位置一样。
而且啊，那里地势比较平坦开阔，这就给大规模铺设光伏板提供了超级便利的条件。
就好比给你一块平坦的大画布，你可以尽情地在上面画画一样，工程师们可以毫无阻碍地在这片土地上布局光伏阵列。
2. 面临的挑战与解决办法。
不过呢，也不是一帆风顺的。
比如说那里的风沙特别大，这对光伏板来说可是个大麻烦。
沙子要是盖住了光伏板，那它还怎么好好地吸收阳光发电呢？于是啊，聪明的工程师们就想出了一个绝妙的主意。
他们在光伏板下面养起了羊！对，你没听错，这可不是开玩笑。
羊儿们可以吃掉光伏板周围的杂草，这样一来，不仅减少了杂草对光伏板的遮挡，而且羊儿们在吃草的过程中，还顺便把光伏板下的沙子给“清理”了，毕竟它们走来走去的嘛。
这可真是一举多得啊，既解决了光伏电站的维护问题，又发展了当地的畜牧业，羊儿们就像一群小小的“光伏电站守护者”。
3. 对当地的影响。
这个电站建成后啊，对当地的影响可太大了。
它给当地带来了大量的就业机会，以前那些只能靠传统农牧业为生的老百姓，现在很多都可以到光伏电站工作啦。
而且啊，电站发的电还能输送到其他地方，为更多的人提供清洁能源，这就像是塔拉滩把自己的阳光宝藏分享给了全中国呢。
二、内蒙古库布齐沙漠光伏电站。
内蒙古的库布齐沙漠，以前那就是一片黄沙漫天的地方，但是现在啊，它可是因光伏电站而变得超级酷。
1. 变沙漠为“能源绿洲”库布齐沙漠光伏电站就像是在沙漠里种下的一片“电之森林”。
这里日照充足那是不用说了，关键是把沙漠利用起来建电站，那简直就是一举两得。
一方面是在治理沙漠，你想啊，在建设光伏电站的过程中，要平整土地、安装支架什么的，这些工程在一定程度上就固定了沙丘，减少了风沙的流动。
17年12月真题答案解析
17年12月真题答案解析20在学生考试备战的过程中，真题的解析是非常关键的。
通过对真题进行深入分析，可以帮助学生理解考点和题型，提高应试能力。
本文将对2017年12月的一份真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
一、听力部分听力部分是四六级考试中的第一大题，也是学生最容易掌握的题型之一。
但是，在听力过程中仍然有一些细节至关重要。
在本次听力部分中，总共有四个短对话和两个长对话，涉及到多个话题。
首先，我们来分析第一个短对话。
这个短对话的主题是购物，对话主要补充了一个细节：男生可能买了一个新手机。
通过这个细节，我们可以推断这个对话的内容是关于他是否需要买一个手机。
接下来是第二个短对话。
对话的主题是时间。
女生问男生是否可以在周末帮忙。
男生回答说他周末有一个朋友的婚礼。
通过这个细节，我们可以推测男生不能帮忙。
接下来是第一个长对话。
这个长对话讨论了开设课程的问题。
对话中提到了一个核心词汇，即“选择”。
通过这个核心词汇，我们可以得出结论，这个对话讨论的是关于选课的问题。
接下来是第三个短对话。
这个对话涉及到老师的期望和学习。
很明显，女生表示她不满足目前的学术表现。
男生则鼓励她要努力学习，说老师会欣赏的。
通过这个对话，我们可以得出结论，对话主题是关于学习和努力的。
接下来是第四个短对话。
这个对话涉及到社交活动和时间。
男生询问女生是否会参加周五的派对。
女生表示她将会去。
通过这个对话，我们可以推测女生将参加派对。
最后是第二个长对话，关于环境保护。
对话中提到了大自然的美丽和人类的破坏。
通过这些关键词，我们可以得出这个对话是关于环境保护的重要性。
通过以上对真题听力部分的解析，我们可以得出一些重要的结论。
首先，学生需要注意关键词。
关键词可以帮助学生理解对话内容，并能更好地回答问题。
其次，学生需要注重细节。
真题中的细节对解答问题有重要影响，细心听能帮助学生获得更多细节信息。
二、阅读部分阅读部分是四六级考试中的第二大题，也是相对较难的题型之一。
12月英语六级听力考试题及答案
12月英语六级听力考试题及答案2017年12月英语六级听力考试题及答案Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年12月英语六级听力考试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 2220A.Character.B.Smell.C.Gene.D.Age.21A.The friends' genes are more different than that of the strangers.B.The friends are as biologically close as their brothers.C.The friends must have shared a common ancestor.D.The friends have more DNA in common than strangers do.22A.It offers us more pleasure.B.It helps us to survive.C.It helps us to make friends.D.It makes us better understood.It appears that when it comes to choosing our friends, much of our choice depends on genes. We are more genetically similar to our friends than we are to strangers.The theme song to Friends, a 1990s American situation comedy about a bunch of best mates. Two of the characters were related, but if they've been real life friends, the rest of them couldhave been as biologically close as cousins. Researchers from the University of California have analyzed gene variation in around 2,000 people, comparing pairs of unrelated friends with pairs of unrelated strangers. They found that the friends had about 0.1% more DNA in common on average than strangers did. It's a small fraction that makes a big difference.It's sort of like their family members. And in fact the number of genes they share in common is so large. And that is almost that they share a common ancestor. It's like their fourth cousins.The friends were most alike when it came to their sense of smell, but the study suggests that we could be attracted to people with similar traits because it helps us to survive.If you are the first person that has a mutation and you don't have any friends, you need surround yourself with other people who also have that trait. This is not just the case that people with the best trait, it's the people who have similar genes.When it comes to our immunities though, the friends, genes were more different than that of the strangers. The scientists say this trend could also give us an evolutionary edge though because if your friends can fight different diseases than you, you are less likely to spread those diseases. It gives a new meaning perhaps to being their bio-friends.Question 20. What does our choice of friends probably depend on according to the lecture?Question 21. What do the researchers from the University of California find?Question 22. Why are we attracted to people with similar traits according to the study?在结交朋友时，我们的选择似乎取决于基因。
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2017年12月大学英语六级听力真题解析2017.12月份的六级考试已经落下帷幕，以下是对听力部分考题的一个解析，希望对同学们有所帮助.Conversation OneM: And now, for the latter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.W: That’s right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country. Q1:New laws have been put into place that will make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate and sell foods to those who are in need.M: Yes, in an addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, Q2:the European parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.M: In France, Q3:the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United Sates, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten. Despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food, Q4:one major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to aspokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.从选项中不难看出，第一篇长对话的话题与食物浪费相关，我们来看一下4道题目1: What does the woman say about the new laws in Italy?第一题四个选项主语一致，重点需要听动宾搭配。
文章当中提到New laws have been put into place that will make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate and sell foods to those who are in need.原文当中的make it easier替换了选项当中核心动词facilitate，donate和选项当中的donation进行了词性替换，因此正确答案为C) They facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy.2: What did the European parliament do to reduce food waste?第二题四个选项主语是it，听音重心仍然放在后方的动宾搭配上，文中提到the European parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.原文中干扰信息较多，只需抓住重点动词stop和名词overproduction，因此正确答案为B) It passed a law aiming to stop overproduction.3: What has the French government done recently?第三题的正确答案为 D)It has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods. 原文中的throw away替换选项中的dump，其余部分均为原词读到。
4: What is the major cause of food waste in the United States?对话结尾处听到desipte，major，problem等表示强调的关键词，需要特别关注后面播读的内容，后方读到the confusion over food expiration labels，视听一致选择选项A下面我们来看一下短文（passage）题目Passage 1Barbie dolls have a particular look to them. Q9:They are thin, tall, long legged and virtually unlike any real human being. Although, over the years, barbies had more than 180 different careers, including football coach, sign language teacher, ambassador, president and astronaut. Her body shape hasn’t changed much. Last year, MATEL, the company that makes Barbie dolls, added some barbies to its line to havea different skin tones and hair textures. There are now barbies 17 skin tones, 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles that choose from. Last year, MATEL also gave barbie a flat foot rather than 4 fingers to be in heels all the time like original barbie is. Now, they are introducing new barbies with 3 slightly different body shapes. On the original, tall and thin barbies would continue to be sold. In the statement on its website, the company says, it wants barbies to look more like a real people and to give girls everywhere, infinitely more ways that spark their imagination and play out the stories. Although many people say the new barbies are stepping in the right direction. Some people say they don’t go far enough. Q10:They say the new Barbie shapes could be even more different from the original tall-thin barbies.Sales of Barbie dolls has been falling every years since 2005 according to CBC news. The toys aren’t in stores yet, Q11:but they will be sold online at the Barbie website starting this week for 9 dollars and 99 cents.9. What do we know about the original Barbie dolls?短文题型依据首尾原则，第一题一定要抓住文章的开头，开头部分读到They are thin, tall, long legged and virtually unlike any real human being.视听一致即可选出答案A10. Why do some people feel unsatisfied with new Barbie dolls?第十题是观点处出题，文章出现了一些人的不同观点They say the new Barbie shapes could be even more different from the original tall-thin barbies.可以看出Barbie并没有做出足够多的身体形状上的改变，故答案为D11. Where will the new Barbie dolls be sold first?最后一题转折处（but）出题，原文online at the Barbie website替换On the Internet，因此正确答案为C最后我们来看最后一个题型讲座和讲话讲座和讲话这个题型篇幅较长，每篇大约在400个单词左右，所以更加需要同学们对于文章中关键词的准确把握。