新题型 2015年12月四级真题(第1套)词汇
2015年12月英语四级考试真题(第一套)带详细解析
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)PartⅠ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying"Listening is more important than talking." You can cite examples to illustrate theimportance of paying attention to others' opinions.You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C,and D.and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer .Sheet I with a single line through the center.1.A.They admire the courage of space explorers.B.They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C.They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D.They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.A.In a school library.B.At a gift shop.C.In the office of a travel agency.D.At a graduation ceremony.3.A.He used to work in the art gallery.B.He does not have a good memory.C.He is not interested in any part-time jobs.D.He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4.A.He will be unable to attend the birthday party.B.The woman should have informed him earlier.C.He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.D.Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.5.A.Set a deadline for the staff to meet.B.Assign more workers to the project.C.Reward those having made good progress.D.Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.A.Where she can leave her car.B.The rate for parking in LotC.C.How far away the parking lot is.D.The way to the visitor's parking.7.A.He regrets missing the classes.B.He has benefited from exercise.C.He plans to take the fitness classes.D.He is looking forward to a better life.8.A.How to select secretaries.B.How to raise work efficiency.C.The responsibilities of secretaries.D.The secretaries in the man's company.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.It is used by more people than English.B.It is more difficult to learn than English.C.It will be as commonly used as English.D.It will eventually become a world language.10.A.Its popularity with the common people.B.The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C.The influence of the British Empire.D.Its loan words from many languages.11.A.It has a growing number of newly coined words.B.It includes a lot of words from other languages.C.It is the largest among all languages in the world.D.It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.To place an order.B.To apply for a job.C.To return some goods.D.To make a complaint.13.A.He works on a part-time basis for the company.B.He has not worked in the sales department for long.C.He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D.He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A.It is not his responsibility.B.It will be free for large orders.C.It depends on a number of factors.D.It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15.A.Make inquiries with some other companies.B.Report the information to her superior.C.Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D.Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section BDirections ...In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C.and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the center.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.No one knows for sure when they came into being.B.No one knows exactly where they were first made.C.No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D.No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A.Measure the speed of wind.B.Give warnings of danger.C.Pass on secret messages.D.Carry ropes across rivers.18.A.To find out the strength of silk for kites.B.To test the effects of the lightning rod.C.To prove that lightning is electricity.D.To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.She was born with a talent for languages.B.She was tainted to be an interpreter.C.She can speak several languages.D.She enjoys teaching languages.20.A.They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C.They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D.They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A.She became an expert in horse racing.B.She learned to appreciate classical music.C.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D.She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A.Take part in a cooking competition.B.Taste the beef and give her comment.C.Teach vocabulary for food in English.D.Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.He had only a third-grade education.B.He once threatened to kill his teacher.C.He often helped his mother do housework.D.He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A.Stupid.B.Active.C.Brave.D.Careless.25.A.Watch educational TV programs only.B.Write two book reports a week.C.Help with housework.D.Keep a diary.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.Whenthe passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other26 bodies out therebesides the moon and stars.One of the most27 of these is a comet (彗星). Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed.They are28 ice and otherfrozen liquids and gases.29these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze.They30dust particlesfrom the comet to form a huge cloud.As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows thecloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail.The tall and the31fuzzy (模糊的) atmospherearound a comet are32that can help identify this33in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits.The averageperson can't see them all, of ually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seenwith the34 et Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet.Its orbitbrought it35close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it.But Hale-Bopp came a long way onits earthly visit.It won't be back for another four thousand years or so.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases orincreases in an information-based society.However, they generally agree with the idea that inequalityin the information society is36different from that of an industrial society.As informationprogresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society37 the quantity of information available to the membersof a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information.But such a view is a38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.Adifferent39 is possible when the actual amount of information40 by the user is taken intoaccount.In fact, the more information41 throughout the entire society, the wider the gapbecomes between "information haves" and "information have-mots", leading to digital divide. According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major42class, sex, andgeneration.In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between theupper and middle classes and the lower class.With43 tosex, digital divide exists between menand women.The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, 44with personalcomputers and the Internet, and the older generation, 45 to an industrial society.A.accustomedB.acquiredC.assemblyD.attributeE.championsF.elementsG.expandsH.familiarI.flowsJ.fundamentallyK.interpretationL.passiveM.regardN.respectivelyO.superficialSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A.When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted itwould solve three problems at once : feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severedepression, and stimulate the restaurant business.Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting andshocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually, the country is closer to hisproposal than you might think.B.If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words :"standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability," and so on.I have visited someof the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C.A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when peoplethink about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makeschildhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D.I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist.So I've watched a lot ofchildren-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and beingyoung.Here's what I've come tounderstand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack ofskills.It's their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding outwhat he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbedin a fascinating comic strip.A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and deriveintense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying toreturn to.E.A friend told me the following story.One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccerpractice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized himfor not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head andshoulders hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face wentdown lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "e here.This is thestrangest bug I've ever seen.It has, like, a million legs.Look at this.It's amazing." He looked upat his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight."Can't we stay here for just aminute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever."F.The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct ofyouth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance(坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intenseabsorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.Human lives are governed bythe desire to experience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead tofinding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conductingexperiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringingtogether nonsense words, for example.In some cases, schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, makingfriends, making decisions:G. Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard.It wouldjust require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式).Instead of trying to get children towork hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, likemaking things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are notso different from the things in which they delight.H. Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in anation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, thinkagain.The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving anyeducational success.I.Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured bytheir administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.Theassumption is that children shouldn't chat in theclassroom because it hinders hard work; instead,they should learn to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.J.Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.Decadesof research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need towant to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practicedivision.But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning-to see school as a source of joy.K.Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good foryou.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food--something so valuable to humans thatthey have evolved to experience it as a pleasure ?L.Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult achild's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom."Pleasure" is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education.It is, infact, the precondition. 46.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they aredoing.48.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49.It is human nature to seek joy in life.50.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.52.Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53.Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54.In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.55.To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C.andD .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer.Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock, people leave their office.The length of the workday, for many workers, isdefined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones andcomputers.That may be a bad thing, particularly at work.New research shows that clock-based workschedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m.research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc.On the other hand, task-timers have a list ofthings they want to accomplish.They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task iscompleted.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us moreproductive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet andAnne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holidayshopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "tasktinge." They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control overtheir lives.Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive.They tend to enjoy themoment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported inbusiness culture.Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into theirstrategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers arguethat it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.Whilemost people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing shouldbe used when performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A.It makes everybody time-conscious.B.It is a convenience for work and life.C.It may have a negative effect on creative work.D.It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A.They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B.They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C.They set a time limit for each specific task.D.They accomplish their tasks one by one.58.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A.They seize opportunities as they come up.B.They always get their work done in time.C.They have more control-over their lives.D.They tend to be more productive.59.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A.It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B.It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C.It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D.It alms to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.60.What do the researchers suggest?A.Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B.It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004.As she neared the end of herprison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there issimply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich andpowerful.Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on ashockingly large number of Americans.who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record.This can result in severepenalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person'sindividual ws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professionaland business licensing.They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45.000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American life.Some laws make sense.No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (恋童癖) workin a school.But too often collateral (随附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety.Should awoman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as anurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal recordsto find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-convictionpenalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.Where the penalties are not amust, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime.Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vastcriminal justice system, second chances are crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment ofthe population on the margins of society.61.What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?A.Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B.Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.C.Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D.Her prison sentence might have been extended.62.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?A.They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B.They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.C.They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.D.They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.63.What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?A.They remain poor for the rest of their lives.B.They are deprived of all social benefits.C.They are marginalized in society.D.They are deserted by their family.64.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?A.They help to maintain social stability.B.Some of them have long been outdated.C.They are hardly understood by the public.D.A lot of them have negative effects on society.65.what is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A.To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B.To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.C.To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.D.To call people's attention to prisoners' conditions in America.Part Ⅳ Translation( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should, write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务，他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学.他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明.中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬.因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件.2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第1套)Part Ⅰ Writing这是一篇四级考试中常见的议论文.要求考生就一句格苦进行论述.这句格言Listening is more importantthantalking．“倾听比谈论更重要”措辞简单．意思明了，考生比较容易把握．因此写起来并不难.写作时．考生应该将重点放在第二段举例阐释倾听比谈论更重要的原因上．联系实际分析可知，其原因主要有：倾听是交际之规则．只有善于倾听于能表达刘别人的尊重．同时倾昕对听者自身也不无裨益.一、阐述“倾听比谈论更重要”的内涵：倾听别人的意见比表达自己的想法重要得多(paying attention to others’opinions is much more important than expressing one’s own words)倾听比谈论更重要如今，“倾听比谈论更重要”这一格言流行起来.这句格言道出了在社会中与人交往的真谛：倾听别人的意见比表达自己的想法重要得多就我而言，有两个原因可以解释该准则的正确性.首先，倾听可以表达对他人的尊重?在这样一个竞争激烈的社会，乐于倾听可以为自己赢得信任和友谊，而这恰恰是我们社交的基本准则一个夸夸其谈而不善于倾听的人注定要孤立，此外，倾听可以使自己受益．毋庸置疑．你是自己命运的主宰然而，他人的不同观点肯定会丰富你的头脑，并为今后的行动带来启迪综上所述，在很多场合，倾听确实比谈论更重要，在现代社套中，我们需要掌握一些沟通技巧，我们只有认识到倾听的重要性，才能过上更好的生活．Part ⅡListening, Comprehension1.M: Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month?W: Sure.It's actually the most impressive one I've seen on that topic.Q: What do we learn about the speakers?C.四个选项的主语均为they．且选项动词多表达情感．通过选项中的spaceexplorers，movie，space exploration等间可以判断．本题意在考查说话者对太空探险或电影的评价.男士询问女士是否还记得他们上个月看的那部关于太空探险的精彩电影，女士表示这是她看过的关于太空探险题材的印象最深的一部电影.通过对话中的wonderful film和the most impressiveone等关键词可知，他们非常喜欢男士所提及的那部关于太空探险的电影．故答案为C.2.W: Are you looking for anything in particular?M : Yes.My son is graduating from high school, and I want to get him something special. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?B.四个选项中出现了school library．gift shop．travel agency和graduation ceremony等表示地点或场合的词汇，可以推测对话旨在考查事件发生的地点.女士询问男士是否在找什么特别之物．男士说他儿子即将高中毕业．他想送给孩子一件有意义的东西.由此可知，对话可能发生在礼品店.男士准备买件特别的礼物送给儿子，故答案为B.3.M : Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery.W: Really? If I remember right, he had a chance to work there, but he turned it down. Q: What does the woman say about Mike'?D.四个选项均以he开头，且出现了work，part．joblessness，ajob offer等词，由此可以推测本题考查的内容与男士的工作有关.男士说麦克告诉他在美术馆找工作的事无果而终．女士表示怀疑，因为她听说麦克曾有机会在那里工作，但是被他拒绝了.由此呵知．麦克放弃了在美术馆的工作，并非是无果而终，declined一词是原文turned down的同义转换．故答案为D..4.W: Would you like to come to Susan's birthday party tomorrow evening'?M: I'm going to give a lecture tomorrow.I wish I could be in two places at the same time.Q: What does the man mean?A.四个选项中两次出现birthday party，町以推测对话与生日派对有关.各选项的主语为he，the woman，Susan，听音时应特别注意主语与birthday party的关系.女士询问男士明天晚上能否参加苏珊的生日派对，男士说自己明天有个讲座，因此无法分身，也就是无法参加苏珊的生日派对，故答案为A..5.W: Aren't you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making?M: Yes.I think I will give them a deadline and hold them to it.Q: What is the man probably going to do?A.四个选项均为动词短语，且出现了deadline，staff，workers，project，work等与工作相关的词汇，故而推测本题考查的内容与员工或工作有关.女士询问男士对员工的工作进度慢是否感到不满，男士表示赞同，并打算给员工设定期限并让他们遵守，故答案为A..6.W: Excuse me.Could you tell me where the visitor's parking is? I left my car there. M: Sure.It's in Lot C.Over that way.Q: What does the woman want to know?D.四个选项中出现了car，parking，lot等词，由此可知，本题考查的内容与停车场有关.女士问男士访客停车场在哪里，她的车停那里了，男士说就在那边的C区停车场.由此可推断，女士想知道如何去访客停车场，故答案为D.7.W: You look great! Now that you've taken those fitness classes.M: Thanks.I've never felt better in my life.Q: What does the man mean?B.四个选项均以he作主语，且出现了classes，exercise，fitness classes 等词，可以推测对话内容与男士的健身有关.女士夸赞男士自从上健身课以来气色不错，男士说他从未感觉像现在这样好.由此可以推测，男士认为自己在健身活动中获益匪浅，故答案为B..8.W: I really admire the efficiency of your secretaries.M: Our company selects only the best.They have a heavy workload and we give them a lot ofresponsibilities.。
2015年12月全国英语四级考试真题及答案（卷1）（2）
2015年12月全国英语四级考试真题及答案（卷1）（2）Passage 116.No one knows exactly where they wereNo one knows for sure when thy came into being.No one knows for what purpose they wereNo one knows what they will17.Carry ropes across rivers.Measure the speed of wind.Pass on secret messages.Give warnings of danger.18.To protect houses against lightning.To test the effects of the lightning rod.To find out the strength of silk for kites.To prove the lightning is electricity.Passage 219.She enjoys teaching languages,She can speak several languages,She was trained to be an interpreter.She was born with a talent for languages.20.They acquire an immunity to culture shock.They would like to live abroad permanently.They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible. They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.She became an expert in horse racing.She got a chance to visit several European countries.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.She learned to appreciate classical music.22.Taste the beef and give her comment.Take part in a cooking competition.Teach vocabulary for food inGive cooking lessons onPassage 323.He had only a third-grade education.He once threatened to kill his teacher.He grew up in a poorHe often helped his24.Careless.Stupid.Brave.Active.25.Write two book reports a week.Keep a diary.Help with housework.Watch education??Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exactwords you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other… besides the moon and stars. One of the most 27___ of the …Comets were formed ar ound the same time the Earth was formed. …and other frozen liquids and gases. 29___ these “dirty snow…” just as the planets do.As a comet get closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze… particles form the comet to form a huge cloud. As the come t gets … wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail. The tail… (模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are 32____ that can help… in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to … average person can’t see them all, of course. Usually there is only one … to be seen with 34___ eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered… bright comet. Its orbit brought it 35___ close to the Earth, … But Hale-Bopp came a long way an its earthly visit. It won’t be back…or so.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first yearof life, if something is out of sight, it’s out of mind. if you cover a baby’s__36__toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared andstops looking for it. A 4-year-old man__37__, that a sister has more fruitjuice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the __38__ ofthe juice.Yet children are smart in their own way. Like good little scientists,children are always testing their child-sized __39__ about how things work.When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try tofeed her, and you say, “That’s enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!”the childwill__40__ test your claim. Are you serious? Are you angry? What willhappen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you__41__;rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and thatsometimes those__42__ are important and sometimes they are not.How and why does c hildren’s thinking change? In the 1920s, Swisspsychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children’s cognitive abilities unfold__43__,like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what else is__44__ intheir lives. Although many of his specific conclusions have been__45__ ormodified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies byinvestigators all over the world.。
英语四级真题2015年12月英语四级考试真题(第1套)大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及参考答案
2015年12月英语四级考试真题试卷（第一套）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking?"You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others'opinions.You should write at least120words but no more than180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A,B,C,and D.and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer.Sheet I with a single line through the center.1.A)They admire the courage of space explorers.B)They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C)They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D)They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.A)In a school library.B)At a gift shop.C)In the office of a travel agency.D)At a graduation ceremony.3.A)He used to work in the art gallery.B)He does not have a good memoiy.C)He is not interested in any part-time jobs.D)He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4.A)He will be unable to attend the birthday party.B)The woman should have informed him earlier.C)He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.D)Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.5.A)Set a deadline for the staff to meet.B)Assign more workers to the project.C)Reward those having made good progress.D)Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.A)Where she can leave her car.B)The rate for parking in Lot C.C)How far away the parking lot is.D)The way to the visitor's parking.7.A)He regrets missing the classes.B)He has benefited from exercise.C)He plans to take the fitness classes.D)He is looking forward to a better life.8.A)How to select secretaries.B)How to raise work efficiency.C)The responsibilities of secretaries.D)The secretaries in the man's company. Questions9to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)It is used by more people than English.B)It is more difficult to learn than English.C)It will be as commonly used as English.D)It will eventually become a world language.10.A)Its popularity with the common people.B)The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C)The influence of the British Empire.D)Its loan words from many languages.11.A)It has a growing number of newly coined words.B)It includes a lot of words from other languages.C)It is the largest among all languages in the world.D)It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To place an order.B)To apply for a job.C)To return some goods.D)To make a complaint.13.A)He works on a part-time basis for the company.B)He has not worked in the sales department for long.C)He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D)He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A)It is not his responsibility.B)It win be free for large orders.C)It depends on a number of factors.D)It costs￡15more for express delivery.15.A)Make inquiries with some other companies.B)Report the information to her superior.C)Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D)Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C.and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the center.Questions16to18are based on the conversation you have just heard.16.A)No one knows for sure when they came into being.B)No one knows exactly where they were first made.C)No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D)No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A)Measure the speed of wind.B)Give warnings of danger.C)Pass on secret messages.D)Carry ropes across rivers.18.A)To find out the strength of silk for kites.B)To test the effects of the lightning rod.C)To prove that lightning is electricity.D)To protect houses against lightning. Passage TwoQuestions19to22are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)She was born with a talent for languages.B)She was trained to be an interpreter.C)She can speak several languages.D)She enjoys teaching languages.20.A)They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B)They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C)They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D)They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A)She became an expert in horse racing.B)She learned to appreciate classical music.C)She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D)She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A)Take part in a cooking competition.B)Taste the beef and give her comment.C)Teach vocabulary for food in English.D)Give cooking lessons on Western food. Passage ThreeQuestions23to25are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A)He had only a third-grade education.B)He once threatened to kill his teacher.C)He often helped his mother do housework.D)He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A)Stupid.B)Active.C)Brave.D)Careless.25.A)Watch educational TV programs only.B)Write two book reports a week.C)Help with housework.D)Keep a diary.Directions:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky,what do you see?There are other__26__bodies out there besides the moon and stars.One of the most__27__of these is a comet(彗星).Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed.They are__28__ice and other frozen liquids and gases.__29__these"dirty snowballs"begin to orbit the sun,just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer to the sun,some gases in it begin to unfreeze.They__30__dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud.As the comet gets even nearer to the sun,a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet,thus forming its tail.The tail and the__31__fuzzy(模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are__32__that can help identify this__33__in the night sky.In any given year,about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits.The average person can't see them all,of ually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the__34__et Hale-Bopp,discovered in1995,was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit brought it__35__close to the Earth,within122million miles of it.But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit.It won't be back for another four thousand years or so.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions36to45are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society.However,they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is__36__different from that of an industrial society.As informatization progresses in society,the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society__37__the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information.But such a view is a__38__analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.A different__39__is possible when the actual amount of information__40__by the user is taken into account.In fact,the more information__41__throughout the entire society,the wider the gap becomes between"information haves"and"information have-nots",leading to digital divide.According to recent studies,digital divide has been caused by three major__42__:class,sex,and generation.In terms of class,digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class.With__43__to sex,digital divide exists between men and women.The greatest gap,however,is between the Net-generation,__44__ with personal computers and the Internet,and the older generation,__45__to an industrial society.A)accustomed B)acquired C)assembly D)attribute E)championsF)elements G)expands H)familiar I)flows J)fundamentallyK)interpretation L)passive M)regard N)respectively O)superficial Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Joy:A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A)When Jonathan Swift proposed,in1729,that the people of Ireland eat their children,he insisted it would solve three problems at once:feed the hungry masses,reduce the population during a severe depression,and stimulate the restaurant business.Even as a satire(讽刺),it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually,the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B)If you spend much time with educators and policy makers,you'll hear a lot of the following words:"standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability,"and so on.I have visited some of the newer supposedly"effective"schools,where children shout slogans in order to leam self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C)A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education,they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child,or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D)I'm a mother of three,a teacher,and a developmental psychologist.So I've watched a lot of children—talking,playing,arguing,eating,studying,and being young.Here's what I've come to understand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance,nor their lack of skills.It's their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub,a5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of puttingtogether strings of nonsensical words with her best friends,or an11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip.A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption,is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E)A friend told me the following story.One day,when he went to get his7-year-old son from soccer practice,his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped,crouching(蹲伏)down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower,and then,with complete joy he called out,"e here. This is the strangest bug I've ever seen.It has,like,a million legs.Look at this.It's amazing."He looked up at his father,his features overflowing with energy and delight."Can't we stay here for just a minute?I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever."F)The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth—something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance(坚持不懈),obligation,and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense Absoiption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things:reading novels instead of playing with small figures,conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub,and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words,for example.In some cases,schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy:making art,making friends,making decisions.G)Building on a child's ability to feel joy,rather than pushing it aside,wouldn't be that hard.It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset(思维模式).Instead of trying to get children to work hard,why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful,productive activity,like making things,working with others,exploring ideas,and solving problems?These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.H)Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish,or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty,low academic achievement,and high dropout rates,think again.The more horrible the school circumstances,the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.I)Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with,often because they are pressured by their administrators,treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead,they should leain to delay gratification(快乐)so that they can pursue abstract goals,like going to college.J)Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children,it makes no sense educationally.Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school,kids need to want to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat,fill out a worksheet,or practice division.But you can't force the child to think carefully,er\joy books,digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen,you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning—to see school as a source of joy.K)Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine;unpleasant,but necessary and good for you.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?L)Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult a child's life circumstances,the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. "Pleasure"is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education.It is,in fact,the precondition.46.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.48.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49.It is human nature to seek joy in life.50.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.52.Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53.Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54.In the so-called"effective"schools,children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.55.To make learning effective,educators have to ensure that children want to leam.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C.And D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer.Sheet2with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock,people leave their office.The length of the workday,for many workers,is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days,the time is everywhere-,not just on clocks or watches,but on cell-phones and computers.That may be a bad thing,particularly at work.New research shows that clock-basedwork schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example:a meeting from9a. m.to10a.m.,research from10a.m.to noon,etc.On the other hand,task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list,each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What,then,are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways?Does one make us more productive?Better at the tasks at hand?Happier?In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier,they had participants organize different activities—from project planning,holiday shopping,to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time"vs"task time."They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control Over their lives.Task timers are happier and more creative,but less productive.They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening,and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture.Smart companies,they believe,will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office,but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy:work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need,and be,to some extent,clock-timers,task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier,and the task-doers will be happier.56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A)It makes everybody time-conscious.B)It is a convenience for work and life.C)It may have a negative effect on creative work.D)It clearly indicates the fast pace of modem life.57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A)They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B)They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C)They set a time limit for each specific task.D)They accomplish their tasks one by one.58.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A)They seize opportunities as they come up.B)They always get their work done in time.C)They have more control over their lives.D)They tend to be more productive.59.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A)It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B)It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C)It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers'lives.D)It aims to bring employees'potential and creativity into full play.60.What do the researchers suggest?A)Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B)It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C)Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D)A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions61to65are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged,tried and convicted of a crime in2004.As she neared the end of her prison sentence,a well-known columnist wrote that she was"paying her dues,"and that" there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."Surely,the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful.Unfortunately,many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans,who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least65million people in the United States have a criminal record.This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual ws can restrict or ban voting,access to public housing,and professional and business licensing.They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all,more than45,000laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense.No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖)work in a school.But too often collateral(附随的)consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive,since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job,two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations,including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties,except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.Where the penalties are not a must,they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime.Rather,it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system,second chances are crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月四级真题第一套阅读理解及答案(word)
2015年12月四级真题第一套阅读理解及答案Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn’t be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn’t reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?It’s the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心): rich people and nerds (痴迷科研的人).Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it’s full of rich people, it has few nerds. It’s not the kind of place nerds like.Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there’s no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don’t want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there’re plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there’s no one to invest in them.Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn’t it work to have the government invest in the nerds? No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.56. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A) Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.B) It is the biggest technology hub in the US.C) Its fame in high technology is incomparable.D) It leads the world in information technology.57. What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?A) Lack of incentive for investment. B) Lack of the right kind of talents.C) Lack of government support. D) Lack of famous universities.58. In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?A) Its location is not as attractive to rich people.B) Its science departments are not nearly as good.C) It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.D) It does not pay much attention to business startups.59. What does the author imply about Boston?A) It has pleasant weather all year round.B) It produces wealth as well as high-tech.C) It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.D) It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.60. What does the author say about startup investors?A) They are especially wise in making investments.B) They have good connections in the government.C) They can do more than providing money.D) They are rich enough to invest in nerds.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.It’s nice to have people of like mind around. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career.It’s nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias (偏颇).Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it’s time to shake things up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: From confrontation comes brilliance.It’s not easy for most people to actively seek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. There’s no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking. You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated, the more they’ll be willing to get into the ring next time.61. What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?A) It will help your company expand more rapidly.B) It will create a harmonious working atmosphere.C) It may prevent your business and career from advancing.D) It may make you feel uncertain about your own decisions.62. What does the author suggest leaders do?A) Avoid arguments with business partners.B) Encourage people to disagree and argue.C) Build a wide and strong business network.D) Seek advice from their worthy competitors.63. What is the purpose of holding a debate?A) To find out the truth about an issue. B) To build up people’s moral strength.C) To remove misunderstandings. D) To look for worthy opponents.64. What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?A) They listen carefully to their opponents’ views.B) They show due respect for each other’s beliefs.C) They present their views clearly and explicitly.D) They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.65. How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?A) Try to make peace with them. B) Try to make up the differences.C) Invite them to the ring next time. D) Acknowledge their contribution.答案56A57B58A59D60C61C62B63A64D65D。
12月大学英语四级听力第一套真题（2）
12月大学英语四级听力第一套真题（2）2015年12月大学英语四级听力第一套真题长对话2M: Hello, yes?W: Is that the Sales Department ?M: Yes, it is.W: My name is James K of JPF Lmt. We need supplies for our design office.M: Oh, what sort?W: Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.M: DO44? Or DO45?W: Oh, I don’t know, what’s the difference?M: Well, the 45 costs 15 pounds more.W: So what’s the total price then?M: It’s 387 pounds.W: That included VAT?M: Oh, I’m not sure. Most of the prices do, yes, I think it does.W: What are the boards actually made of?M: Oh I don’t know. I think it’s sort of plastic staff these days? It’s white anyway.W: And how long does it take to deliver?M: I couldn’t really say, it depends on how much work we’ve got and how many other orders there are to send out, you know.W: Now we also need some drawing pens, ink and rulers, and some drawing papers.M: Oh, dear. The girl that takes orders for supplies isn’t herethis morn ing. So I can’t take those orders for you. I only did the equipment as you see.W: OK, perhaps I’ll ring back tomorrow.M: So do you want the drawing board then?W: I have to think about it. Thanks very much, I’ll let you know. Good bye.M: Thank you. Good bye.Q12: What is the woman’s purpose in making the phone call? 12.A. To return some goods.B. To apply for a job.C. To place an order.D. To make a complaint.Q13: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?13.A. He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.B. He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.C. He has not worked in the sales department for long.D. He works on a part-time basis for the company.Q14: What does the man say about the delivery?14.A. It is not his responsibility.B. It will be free for large orders.C. It costs 15 more for express delivery.D. It depends on a number of factors.Q15: What dose the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?15.A. Report the information to her superior.B. Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.C. Ring back when she comes to a decision.D. Make inquiries with some other companies.Passage1No one knows for sure just how old kites are. in fact, they have being used for centuries. 25 centuries ago, kites were well known in China. these first kites were probably made of wood. they may even have been covered with silk because silk was used a lot at that time. early kites were built for certain purpose. in ancient China, they were used to carry ropes across rivers. once across, the ropes were tied down and wooden bridges were hung from them. legend tells of one general who flew musical kites over the enemy's camp. the enemy fled, believing the sounds to be the warning voices of angels. by the 15th century, many people flew kites in Europe. Marco Polo may have brought the kite back from his visit to china. the kite has been linked to great names and events . for instance, Benjamin Franklin used a kite to prove the lightening is electricity. he flew the kite in a storm, he did this in order to draw lightening from the clouds. he tied a metal key and a strip of silk to the kite line. the silk ribbon will stop the lightening from passing through his body. Benjamin Franklin's idea was first laughed at. but later on, it lead to the invention of lightening rod. with such grand history, kite flying in short remain an entertaining and popular sport.16. What does the speaker say about kites?A. No one knows exactly where they were ??B. No one knows for sure when they came into being.C. No one knows for what purpose they were ?D. No one knows what they will17. What did ancient Chinese use kites to do?A. Carry ropes across rivers.B. Measure the speed of wind.C. Pass on secret messages.D. Give warnings of danger.18. Why did Benjamin Franklin fly a kite in a storm?A. To protect houses against lightning.B. To test the effects of the lightning rod.C. To find out the strength of silk for kites.D. To prove the lightning is electricity.Passage2I have learned many languages, but i’ve not mastered them the way professional interpreter or translator has. Still, they have opened doors for me. They have allowed me the opportunity to seek jobs in international contests and help me get those jobs. Like many people who have lived overseas for a while, I simply got crazy about it. I can’t imagine living my professional or social life without international interactions. Since 1977, I have spent much more time abroad than in the United States. I like going to new places, eating new foods, and experiencing new cultures. If you can speak the language, it’s easier to get to know the country and its people. If I have the time and money, I would live for a year in these countries as possible. Beyond my career, my facility with languages has given me a few rare opportunities. Once just after I returned from my year in Vienna, I was asked to translate for a German judge at an Olympic level horse event. I learned a lot about this board. In japan, once when I was in the studio audience of a TV cooking show, I was asked to go up on this stage and taste the beef dish that was being prepared, and tell what I thought. They asked, “Was it as good as American beef?” It was very exciting for me to be on Japanese TV speaking in Japanese about how delicious the beef was.Questions 19-22 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q19: What does the speaker say about herself?A. She enjoys teaching languages,B. She can speak several languages,C. She was trained to be an interpreter.D. She was born with a talent for languages.Q20: What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while?A. They acquire an immunity to culture shock.B. They would like to live abroad permanently.C. They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.D. They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.Q21: How did the speaker’s experience living in Vienna benefit her?A. She became an expert in horse racing.B. She got a chance to visit several European countries.C. She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D. She learned to appreciate classical music.Q22: What was the speaker asked to do in a Japanese studio?A. Taste the beef and give her comment.B. Take part in a cooking competition.C. Teach vocabulary for food in ??D. Give cooking lessons onPassage3Dr. Ban Carson grew up in a poor single-parent household in Detroit. His mother who had only a third-grade-education works two jobs cleaning bathrooms. To his classmates and even to his teachers, he was sort of as the dumnest kid in the class according to his own not so found memories. He had a terrible temper, andonce threaten to kill another child. Dr. Carson was headed down a path of self-distraction until a critical moment in his youth. His mother convinced that she had to do sth. dramatic to prevent him from leading a life of failure and lay down some rules. He could not watch TV except for 2 programs a week, could not play with his friends after school until he finished his homework, and had to read 2 books a week and write book reports about them. His mother’s strategy worked. “Of course, I didn’t know she couldn’t read, so there I was submitting these reports.” he said. She would play checkmarks on them like she had been reading them. As I began to read about scientists, economists, and philosophers, I started imagine myself in that shoes. As he got in the habit of hard work, his grades began to sore. Ultimately, he received scholarship to attend Yale University. And later, he was admitted to the University of Michig an Medical School. He’s now a leading surgeon at John’s Medical School. And he’s also the author of three books.Q23: What do we learn about Ban Carson?A. He had only a third-grade education.B. He once threatened to kill his teacher.C. He grew up in a poor single-parent householdD. He often helped hisQ24: What did BC’s classmates and teachers think of him when he was first at school?A. Careless.B. Stupid.C. Brave.D. Active.Q25: What did BC’s mother tell him to do when he was a school boy?A. Write two book reports a week.B. Keep a diary.C. Help with housework.D. Watch education??When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other 26 heavenly bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most 27 fascinating of these is a comet(彗星).Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. They are 28 made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gases. 29 Now and then these “dirty snowballs” begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze. They 30 combined with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail. The tail and the 31 generally fuzzy(模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are 32characteristics that can help identify this 33 phenomenon in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can’t see them all, of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the 34 naked eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit brought it 35 relatively close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won’t be back for another four thousand years or so.。
2015年12月四级真题第1套
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“Listening is more important than talking.”You can citeexamples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others’opinions.You should write at least120words,but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirection:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C).and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single linethrough the centre.Questions1and2will be based on the following news item.1.A)Dismissing employees without giving advance notice.B)Checking employees’online private messages at work.C)Monitoring employees’performance on weekends.D)Closing employees’social media during work hours.2.A)He did well in handling his clients’queries.B)He created a private account for his fiancée.C)He won the case against his employer recently.D)He was fired because of breaking company rules.Questions3and4will be based on the following news item.3.A)It is widely used in Kenya.B)It has been increasing in value.C)It makes poor people’s life easier.D)It lowers the buying power of the rich.4.A)It is a non-profit group located in Nairobi,Kenya.B)It works hard on replacing the national currency system.C)It introduced a community currency to a village in Kenya.D)It makes a series of investigations on trade and jobs in Kenya.Questions5and6will be based on the following news item.5.A)Several states declared an economic emergency.B)Many women are too old to get pregnant.C)Some babies were born with brain defects.D)Birth rates have fallen down greatly.6.A)10B)29C)2,400D)3,1007.A)A mosquito-borne virus.B)A severe chest infection.C)The shortage of medicine.D)Bacteria from Latin America.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single linethrough the centre.Conversation OneQuestions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It is used by more people than English.B)It is more difficult to learn than English.C)It will be as commonly used as English.D)It will eventually become a world language.9.A)Its popularity with the common people.B)The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C)The influence of the British Empire.D)Its loan words from many languages.10.A)It has a growing number of newly coined words.B)It includes a lot of words from other languages.C)It is the largest among all languages in the world.D)It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.11.A)The English grammar is quite easy.B)It is greatly influenced by French.C)It could be pronounced easily.D)It is attractive to England beginners.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To place an order.B)To apply for a job.C)To return some goods.D)To make a complaint.13.A)He works on a part-time basis for the company.B)He has not worked in the sales department for long.C)He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D)He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A)It is not his responsibility.B)It will be free for large orders.C)It depends on a number of factors.D)It costs￡15more for express delivery.15.A)Make inquiries with some other companies.B)Report the information to her superior.C)Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D)Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passage.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)No one knows for sure when they came into being.B)No one knows exactly where they were first made.C)No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D)No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A)Measure the speed of wind.B)Give warnings of danger.C)Pass on secret messages.D)Carry ropes across rivers.18.A)To find out the strength of silk for kites.B)To test the effects of the lightning rod.C)To prove that lightning is electricity.D)To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions19to22are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)She was born with a talent for languages.B)She was tainted to be an interpreter.C)She can speak several languages.D)She enjoys teaching languages.20.A)They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B)They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C)They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D)They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A)She became an expert in horse racing.B)She learned to appreciate classical music.C)She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D)She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A)Take part in a cooking competition.B)Taste the beef and give her comment.C)Teach vocabulary for food in English.D)Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions23to25are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A)He had only a third-grade education.B)He once threatened to kill his teacher.C)He often helped his mother do housework.D)He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A)Careless.B)Stupid.C)Brave.D)Active.25.A)Watch educational TV programs only.B)Write two book reports a week.C)Help with housework.D)Keep a diary.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections：In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society.However,they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is26different from that of an industrial society.As information progresses in society,the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society27the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information.But such a view is a28analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.A different29is possible when the actual amount of information30by the user is taken into account.In fact,the more information31throughout the entire society,the wider the gap becomes between“information haves”and“information have-mots”,leading to digital divide.According to recent studies,digital divide has been caused by three major32 class,sex,and generation.In terms of class,digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class.With 33to sex,digital divide exists between men and women.The greatest gap,however, is between the Net-generation,34with personal computers and the Internet,and the older generation,35to an industrial society.A)accustomedB)acquiredC)assemblyD)attribute I)flowsJ)fundamentally K)interpretation L)passiveE)championsF)elementsG)expandsH)familiar M)regard N)respectively O)superficialSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraphis marked with a letter.Answer the question by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Joy:A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.[A]When Jonathan Swift proposed,in1729,that the people of Ireland eat theirchildren,he insisted it would solve three problems at once:feed the hungry masses,reduce the population during a severe depression,and stimulate the restaurant business.Even as a satire(讽刺),it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually,the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.[B]If you spend much time with educators and policy makers,you'll hear a lot of thefollowing words:“standards”,“results”,“skills”,“self-control”,“accountability”, and so on.I have visited some of the newer supposedly“effective”schools,where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can’t sit still.[C]A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clearthat when people think about education,they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child,or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.[D]I’m a mother of three,a teacher,and a developmental psychologist.So I’vewatched a lot of children-talking,playing,arguing,eating,studying,and being young.Here’s what I’ve come to understand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance,nor their lack of skills.It’s their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what hecan and cannot sink in the bathtub,a5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends,or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip.A child’s ability to become deeply absorbed in something,and derive intense pleasure from that absorption,is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to. [E]A friend told me the following story.One day,when he went to get his7-year-oldson from soccer practice,his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped, crouching(蹲伏)down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face went down lower and lower,and then,with complete joy he called out,“e here.This is the strangest bug I’ve ever seen.It has,like,a million legs.Look at this.It’s amazing.”He looked up at his father,his features overflowing with energy and delight.Can’t we stay here for just a minute?I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever.[F]The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming butirrelevant byproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities,like perseverance(坚持不懈),obligation,and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things:reading novels instead of playing with small figures,conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub,and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example.In some cases,schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy:making art,making friends,making decisions.[G]Building on a child’s ability to feel joy,rather than pushing it aside,wouldn't bethat hard.It would just require a shift in the education world’s mindset(思维模式).Instead of trying to get children to work hard,why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful,productive activity,like making things,working with others,exploring ideas,and solving problems?These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.[H]Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish,or think of joy as anunaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty,low academic achievement,and high dropout rates,think again.The more horrible the school circumstances,the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.[I]Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with,often because they arepressured by their administrators,treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.The assumption is that children shouldn’t chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work;instead,they should learn to delay gratification(快乐)so that they can pursue abstract goals,like going to college.[J]Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children,it makes no sense educationally.Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school,kids need to want to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat,fill out a worksheet,or practice division.But you can’t force the child to think carefully,enjoy books,digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen,you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.[K]Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine:unpleasant,but necessary and good for you.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it asa pleasure?[L]Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult a child’s life circumstances,the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom.“Pleasure”is not a dirty word.And it doesn’t run counter to the goals of public education.It is,in fact,the precondition.36.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change theirway of thinking.37.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy fromwhat they are doing.38.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.39.It is human nature to seek joy in life.40.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is topatients.41.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyfulexperience.42.Adults do not consider children’s feelings when it comes to education.43.Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to theireducational goals.44.In the so-called“effective”schools,children are taught self-control under a set ofstrict rules.45.To make learning effective,educators have to ensure that children want to learn. Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.When it’s five o’clock,people leave their office.The length of the workday,for many workers,is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they’re done.These days,the time is everywhere:not just on clocks or watches,but on cell-phones and computers.That may be a bad thing,particularly at work.New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example:a meeting from9a.m.to10a.m.research from10a.m.to noon,etc.On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What,then,are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways?Does one make us more productive?Better at the tasks at hand?Happier?In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier,they had participants organize different activities-from project planning,holiday shopping,to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under“clock time”vs“task tinge.”They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task timers are happier and more creative,but less productive.They tendto enjoy the moment when something good is happening,and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture.Smart companies,they believe,will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office,but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy:work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need,and be,to some extent,clock-timers,task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity.It’ll make those tasks easier,and the task-doers will be happier.46.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A)It makes everybody time-conscious.B)It is a convenience for work and life.C)It may have a negative effect on creative work.D)It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.47.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A)They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B)They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C)They set a time limit for each specific task.D)They accomplish their tasks one by one.48.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments aboutclock-timers?A)They seize opportunities as they come up.B)They always get their work done in time.C)They have more control-over their lives.D)They tend to be more productive.49.What do the researchers say about today’s business culture?A)It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B)It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C)It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers’lives.D)It aims to bring employees’potential and creativity into full play.50.What do the researchers suggest?A)Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B)It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C)Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D)A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged,tried and convicted of a crime in2004.As she neared the end of her prison sentence,a well-known columnist wrote that she was “paying her dues,”and that“there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew.”Surely,the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful.Unfortunately,many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans,who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least65million people in the United States have a criminal record.This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person’s individual ws can restrict or ban voting,access to public housing,and professional and business licensing.They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all,more than45,000laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense.No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖)work in a school.But too often collateral(随附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety.Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive,since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job,two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations,including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties,except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must,they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime.Rather,it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system,second chances are crucial.It is in no one’s interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.51.What does the well-known columnist’s remark about Martha Stewart suggest?A)Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B)Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.C)Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D)Her prison sentence might have been extended.52.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?A)They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B)They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.C)They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.D)They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.53.What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?A)They remain poor for the rest of their lives.B)They are deprived of all social benefits.C)They are marginalized in society.D)They are deserted by their family.54.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?A)They help to maintain social stability.B)Some of them have long been outdated.C)They are hardly understood by the public.D)A lot of them have negative effects on society.55.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?A)To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B)To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.C)To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.D)To call people’s attention to prisoners’conditions in America.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should,write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。
【2018年四六级考试模拟】2015年12月四级真题第1套
【2018年四六级考试模拟】2015年12月四级真题第1套2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others’opinions. You should write at least 120words, but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirection: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C).and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A) Dismissing employees without giving advance notice.B) Checking employees’ online private messages at work.C) Monitoring employees’ performance on weekends.D) Closing employees’ social media during work hours.2. A) He did well in handling his clients’ queries.B) He created a private account for his fiancée.C) He won the case against his employer recently.D) He was fired because of breaking company rules.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is widely used in Kenya.B) It has been increasing in value.C) It makes poo r people’s life easier.D) It lowers the buying power of the rich.4. A) It is a non-profit group located in Nairobi, Kenya.B) It works hard on replacing the national currency system.C) It introduced a community currency to a village in Kenya.D) It makes a series of investigations on trade and jobs in Kenya.Questions 5 and 6 will be based on the following news item.5. A) Several states declared an economic emergency.B) Many women are too old to get pregnant.C) Some babies were born with brain defects.D) Birth rates have fallen down greatly.6. A) 10B) 29C) 2,400D) 3,1007. A) A mosquito-borne virus.B) A severe chest infection.C) The shortage of medicine.D) Bacteria from Latin America.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Conversation OneQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.9. A) Its popularity with the common people.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) Its loan words from many languages.10. A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.11. A) The English grammar is quite easy.B) It is greatly influenced by French.C) It could be pronounced easily.D) It is attractive to England beginners.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To place an order.B) To apply for a job.C) To return some goods.D) To make a complaint.13. A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14. A) It is not his responsibility.B) It will be free for large orders.C) It depends on a number of factors.D) It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15. A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17. A) Measure the speed of wind.B) Give warnings of danger.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. A) To find out the strength of silk for kites.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To prove that lightning is electricity.D) To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She was born with a talent for languages.B) She was tainted to be an interpreter.C) She can speak several languages.D) She enjoys teaching languages.20. A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21. A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22. A) Take part in a cooking competition.B) Taste the beef and give her comment.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have justheard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24. A) Careless.B) Stupid.C) Brave.D) Active.上一页下一页。
2015年12月大学英语4级真题答案（第一套）
2015年12月大学英语4级真题答案（第一套）2015年12月大学英语4级真题答案（第一套）Part I WritingListening is more important than talkingNowadays an old saying “Listening is more important than talking” comes into vogue. The saying tells us the true essence of communication with others in society, which means p aying attention to others’ opinions is much more important than expressing one’s own ideas.As for me, there are two reasons accounting for the correctness of this principle. To start with, listening shows our respect to others. In such an aggressive society, willingness to listen enable us to gain trust and friendship, which are the basic rules of interpersonal communication. A talkative person without the patience to listen to others is doomed to be alienated. Furthermore, listening can really benefit us. There is no denying that we ourselves are the people to make choices in our own life. However, a variety of ideas from others will definitely enrich our minds and present some enlightenment to our future actions.According to what is said above, listening truly outweighs talking on many occasions. As modern people, we need to master some communication skills. Only when we realize the importance of listening can we lead better life.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. C) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.2. B) At a gift shop.3. D) He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4. A) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5. A) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.6. D) The way to the visitor’s parking.7. B) He has benefited from exercise.8. D) The secretaries in the man’s company.9. A) It is used by more people than English.10. C) The influence of the British Empire.11. B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.12. A) To place an order.13. C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.14. C) It depends on a number of factors.15. D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section B16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.17. D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. C) To prove that lightning is electricity.19. C) She can speak several languages.20. B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21. C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.22. B) Taste the beef and give her comment.23. D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24. A) Stupid.25. B) Write two book reports a week.Section C26. heavenly27. fascinating28. made up of29. Now and then30. combine with31. generally32. characteristics33. phenomenon34. naked35. relativelyPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36. J) fundamentally37. G) expands38. O) superficial39. K) interpretation40. B) acquired41. I) flows42. F) elements43. M) regard44. H) familiar45. A) accustomedSection B46. G) Building on a child’s ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn’t be that hard.47. D) I’m a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist.48. A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business.49. F) The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth—something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance, obligation, and practicality.50. K) Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you.51. H) Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again.52. C) A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to bea child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.53. I) Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.54. B) If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you’ll hear a lot of the following words: “standards,” “results,” “skills,” “sel f-control,” “accountability,” and so on. 55. J) Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.Section C56. C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.57. A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.58. D) They tend to be more productive.59. B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.60. A) Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.61. A) Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.62. B) They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.63. C) They are marginalized in society.64. D) A lot of them have negative effects on society.65. B) To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.Part IV TranslationChinese parents tend to pay at tention to their children’s study to such an extent that they even don’t require their children to help them do the chores. Their primary requirement for their children is to study hard, get good grades and go to famous universities. They believe this does good to their children because in the society of China which is full of intense competition, only perfect academic performance can ensure a bright future. Chinese parents also believe if their children can make great achievements in society, they will receive respect accordingly. Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbies and interests in order to provide better conditions for their children.。
2015年12月英语四级真题及答案1
2015年12月英语四级真题及答案1WritingFor this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to makes something happen" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being creative rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words, no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A) They admire the courage of space explorers.B) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.C) They were going to watch a wonderful movie.D) They like doing scientific exploration very much.2. A) At a gift shop.B) At a graduation ceremony.C) In the office of a travel agency.D) In a school library.3. A) He used to work in the art gallery.B) He does not have a good memory.C) He declined a job offer form the art gallery.D) He is not interested in any part-time jobs.4.A) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.B) He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.C) The woman should have informed him earlier.D) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5.A) Reward those having made good progress.B) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.C) Assign more workers to the project.D) Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6. A) The way to the visitor’s parking.B) The rate for parking in Lot C.C) How far away the parking lot is.D) Where she can leave her car.7. A) He regrets missing the classes.B) He plans to take the fitness classes.C) He is looking forward to a better life.D) He has benefited form exercise.8.A) How to ? work efficiency.B) How to select secretaries.C)The responsibilities of secretaries.D) The secretaries in the man’s company.Conversation OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) It is more difficult to learn than English.B) It is used by more people than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.10.A) It has words words from many languages,B) Its popularity with the common people.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.11.A) It includes a lot of words form other languages.B) It has a growing number of newly coined words,C) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.D) It is the largest among all languages in the world.Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) To return some goods.B) To apply for a job.C) To place an order.D) To make a complaint.13. A) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.B) He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.C) He has not worked in the sales department for long.D) He works on a part-time basis for the company.14. A) It is not his responsibility.B) It will be free for large orders.C) It costs 15 more for express delivery.D) It depends on a number of factors.15.A) Report the information to her superior.B) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.C) Ring back when she comes to a decision.D) Make inquiries with some other companies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows exactly where they were ??B) No one knows for sure when thy came into being.C) No one knows for what purpose they were ?D) No one knows what they will ?????17. A) Carry ropes across rivers.B) Measure the speed of wind.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Give warnings of danger.18. A) To protect houses against lightning.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To find out the strength of silk for kites.D) To prove the lightning is electricity.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She enjoys teaching languages.B) She can speak several languages.C) She was trained to be an interpreter.D) She was born with a talent for languages.20. A) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.B) They would like to live abroad permanently.C) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.D) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She got a chance to visit several European countries.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She learned to appreciate classical music.22. A) Taste the beef and give her comment.B) Take part in a cooking competition.C) Teach vocabulary for food in ??D) Give cooking lessons on ????Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He grew up in a poor ???D) He often helped his ???24.A) Careless.B) Stupid.C) Brave.D) Active.25.A) Write two book reports a week.B) Keep a diary.C) Help with housework.D) Watch education??Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? Thereare other bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most of this is a comet. Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed. They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses. these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do. As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gasses in it begin to unfreeze. They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail. The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are that can help this phenomenon in the night sky. In any given year，about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can’t see them all of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the _________eye. Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit bought it _________to the earth within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won’t be back for another 4 thousand years or so.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Perfect EssayA) Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn’t. Her expectations were high—impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.B) When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page.“Flawless.” This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that Ihad achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously, I did what and professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn’t get very far. The first person I told was my mother.C) My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris(得意忘形)or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In and event. My mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flaw less essay could be. At the time, I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions(过渡), structure, style and voice. But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.D) First off, it hurts. Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint(印记)on you as a person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally. I say that we should never listen to these people.E) Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. The intimate nature ofgenuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer’s block—I was not able to produce anything for three years.F) Franz Kafka once said; “Writing is utter solitude(独处), the descent into the cold abyss(深渊)of oneself.” My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective(内省的)descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find. But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude, I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “It is a thing of no great difficulty.”according to Plutarch, “to raise objections against another man’s speech. it is a very easy matter, but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome.” I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recall them. What I remember, however, is how she took up the“extremely troublesome”workof ongoing criticism.G) There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce“a better in its place.”In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques(评论).My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero’s claim that one should“criticize by creation, not by finding fault.”Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.H) My mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself. For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch. From scratch. Once the essay was“flawless,” she would take an evening to walk me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.I) She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon(行话). She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech.“Writers can’tbluff(虚张声势)their way through ignorance.” That was news to me—I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.J) She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression.“John,” she almost whispered. I leaned in to hear her: “I can’t hear you when you shout at me.” So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writing improved.K) Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed something important in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps the point of writhing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish. Whitman repeatedly reworked“song of Myself” between 1855 and 1891. Repeatedly. We do our absolute best with a piece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal. And, for the time being, we settle. In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月四级真题(卷一)听力cet4听力真题及答案
Section ADirections: In this section, you will bear 8 shortconversations and 2 long conversations. At the en dof each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conve rsation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questions there will be apause. Du ring the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decidewhich is the b est answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a singleline through the c enter.1.A)They admire the courage of space explorers.B)They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.C)They were going to watch a wonderful movie.D)They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.A)At a gift shop.B)At a graduation ceremony.C)In the office of a travel agency.D)In a school library.3.A)He used to work in the art gallery.B)He does not have a good memory.C)He declined a job offer form the art gallery.D)He is not interested in any part-time jobs.4.A)Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.B)He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.C)The woman should have informed him earlier.D)He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5.A)Reward those having made good progress.B)Set a deadline for the staff to meet.C)Assign more workers to the project.D)Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.A)The way to the visitor's parking.B)The rate for parking in Lot C.C)How far away the parking lot is.D)Where she can leave her car.7.A)He regrets missing the classes.B)He plans to take the fitness classes.C)He is looking forward to a better life.D)He has benefited form exercise.8.A) How to select work efficiency.B)How to select secretaries.C)The responsibilities of secretaries.D)The secretaries in the man's company.Conversation 19.A)It is more difficult to learn than English.B)It is used by more people than English.C)It will be as commonly used as English.D)It will eventually become a world language.10.A)It has words words from many languages.B)Its popularity with the common people.C)The influence of the British Empire.D)The effect of the Industrial Revolution.11.A)It includes a lot of words form other languages.B)It has a growing number of newly coined words,C)It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.D)It is the largest among all languages in the world. Conversation 212.A)To return some goods.B)To apply for a job.C)To place an order.D)To make a complaint.13.A) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.B)He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.C)He has not worked in the sales department for long.D)He works on a part-time basis for the company.14.A)It is not his responsibility.B)It will be free for large orders.It costs 15 more for express delivery.D)It depends on a number of factors.15.A)Report the information to her superior.B)Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.C)Ring back when she comes to a decision.D)Make inquiries with some other companies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 shortpassages. At the end of each passage, you will hea rsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aq uestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marketed A), B),C) and D).Then marked the correspond letter on Answer sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage 116.A)No one knows exactly where they were?B)No one knows for sure when thy came into being.C)No one knows for what purpose they were ?D)No one knows what they were.17.A)Carry ropes across rivers.B)Measure the speed of wind.C)Pass on secret messages.D)Give warnings of danger.18.A)To protect houses against lightning.B)To test the effects of the lightning rod.C)To find out the strength of silk for kites.D)To prove the lightning is electricity.Passage 219.A)She enjoys teaching languages,B)She can speak several languages,C)She was trained to be an interpreter.D)She was born with a talent for languages.20.A)They acquire an immunity to culture shock.B)They would like to live abroad permanently.C)They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.D)They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.A)She became an expert in horse racing.B)She got a chance to visit several European countries.C)She was able to translate for a German sports judge.She learned to appreciate classical music.22.A)Taste the beef and give her comment.B)Take part in a cooking competition.C)Teach vocabulary for food in.D)Give cooking lessons on.Passage 323.A)He had only a third-grade education.B)He once threatened to kill his teacher.C)He grew up in a poor single-parent household.D)He often helped his.24.A)Careless.B)Stupid.C)Brave.D)Active.25.A)Write two book reports a week.B)Keep a diary.C)Help with housework.D)Watch education.Section CDirections: in this section,you will hear a paasagethree times. When the passage is read for the fir sttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally,when the passage is reaf for the third time, you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other… besides the moon andstars . One of the most 27___ of the …Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. …and other frozen liquidsand g ases. 29___ these “dirty snow…” just as the planets do.As a comet get closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze… particles form the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets … wind blows the cloud behind the comet,thus forming its tail. The tail… (模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are 32____ that can help…in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to … average person can't see themall , of course. Usually there is only one … to be seen with 34___ eye. Comet Hale-Bopp,discovered… bright comet. Its orbit brought it 35___ close to the Earth, … But Hale-Bopp camea long way an i ts earthly visit. It won't be back…or so.1. C. They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.2. B. At a gift shop.3. D. He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4. A. He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5. A. Set a deadline for the staff to meet.6. D. The way to the visitor's parking.7. B. He has benefited from exercise.8. D. The secretaries in the man's company.9.B. It is used by more people than English.10.C. The influence of the British Empire.11.A. It includes a lot of words from other languages.12.C. To place an order13.B. He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.14.D. It depends on a number of factors.15.C. Ring back when she comes to a decision.16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.17. D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. C) To prove that lightening is electricity.19. C) She can speak several languages.20. B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21. C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.22. B) Taste the beef and give her comment.23. D) He grew up in a poor single parent family.24. A) Stupid25. B) Write two book reports a week.(26) heavenly(27) fascinating(28) made up of(29) Now and then(30) combine with(31) generally(32) characteristics(33) phenomenon(34) naked(35) relatively。
【2018年四六级考试模拟】2015年12月四级真题第1套
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.” You can citeexamples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others’opinions. You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirection: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C).and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A) Dismissing employees without giving advance notice.B) Checking employees’ online private messages at work.C) Monitoring employees’ performance on weekends.D) Closing employees’ social media during work hours.2. A) He did well in handling his clients’ queries.B) He created a private account for his fiancée.C) He won the case against his employer recently.D) He was fired because of breaking company rules.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is widely used in Kenya.B) It has been increasing in value.C) It makes poor peop le’s life easier.D) It lowers the buying power of the rich.4. A) It is a non-profit group located in Nairobi, Kenya.B) It works hard on replacing the national currency system.C) It introduced a community currency to a village in Kenya.D) It makes a series of investigations on trade and jobs in Kenya.Questions 5 and 6 will be based on the following news item.5. A) Several states declared an economic emergency.B) Many women are too old to get pregnant.C) Some babies were born with brain defects.D) Birth rates have fallen down greatly.6. A) 10B) 29C) 2,400D) 3,1007. A) A mosquito-borne virus.B) A severe chest infection.C) The shortage of medicine.D) Bacteria from Latin America.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Conversation OneQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.9. A) Its popularity with the common people.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) Its loan words from many languages.10. A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.11. A) The English grammar is quite easy.B) It is greatly influenced by French.C) It could be pronounced easily.D) It is attractive to England beginners.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To place an order.B) To apply for a job.C) To return some goods.D) To make a complaint.13. A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14. A) It is not his responsibility.B) It will be free for large orders.C) It depends on a number of factors.D) It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15. A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17. A) Measure the speed of wind.B) Give warnings of danger.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. A) To find out the strength of silk for kites.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To prove that lightning is electricity.D) To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She was born with a talent for languages.B) She was tainted to be an interpreter.C) She can speak several languages.D) She enjoys teaching languages.20. A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21. A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22. A) Take part in a cooking competition.B) Taste the beef and give her comment.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24. A) Careless.B) Stupid.C) Brave.D) Active.25. A) Watch educational TV programs only.。
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(1答案)
Part I Writing（30 minutes）Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension（25 minutes）Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.10. A）一Its popularity with the common people. C) The influence of the British Empire.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution. D) Its loan words from many languages.11. A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To place an order. C) To return some goods.B) To apply for a job. D) To make a complaint.13. A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14. A) It is not his responsibility. C) It depends on a number of factors.B) It will be free for large orders. D) It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15. A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections:In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A )，B)，C) and D)．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17. A) Measure the speed of wind. C) Pass on secret messages.B) Give warnings of danger. D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. A) To find out the strength of silk for kites. C) To prove that lightning is electricity.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod. D) To protect houses against lightning. Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She was born with a talent for languages. C) She can speak several languages.B) She was trained to be an interpreter. D) She enjoys teaching languages.20. A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21. A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22. A) Take part in a cooling competition. C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.B) Taste the beef and give her comment. D) Give cooking lessons on Western food. Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24. A) Stupid. B) Active. C) Brave. D) Careless.25. A) Watch educational TV programs only. C) Help with housework.B) Write two book reports a week. D) Keep a diary.Part IIII Reading Comprehension（40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is 36 different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society 37 the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a 38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different 39 is possible when the actual amount of information 40 by the user is taken into account. In fact，the more information 41 throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots"，leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major 42：class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With 43 to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation，44Directions; In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729，that the people of Ireland eat their children, heinsisted it would solve three problems at once：feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression，and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire（讽刺），it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B) If you spend much time with educators and policy makers，you'll hear a lot of thefollowing words："standards，”" results,”" skills，”" self-control，”" accountability,” and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly “effective" schools，where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C) A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly` clear thatwhen people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right. D) I'm a mother of three，a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I've watched a -lotof children-talking，playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here's what I've come to understand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance，nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub，a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something，and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E) A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old sonfrom soccer practice，his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching（蹲伏）down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower, and then，with complete joy he called out，“D ad. Come here. This is the strangest bug I've ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this. It's amazing.” He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. “Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever.”F) The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevantbyproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance（坚持不懈），obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things：reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub，and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy;making art，making friends，making decisions.G) Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard.It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset（思维模式）．Instead of trying to get children to work hard，why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful，productive activity, like making things，working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.H) Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxuryin a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement，and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.1) Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with，often because they are pressuredby their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification（快乐）so that they can pursue abstract goals，like going to college.J) Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children，it makes no sense educationally.Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge inschool, kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully，enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.K) Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food-something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?L) Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. “Pleasure" is not a dirty word. And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact，the precondition.46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49. It is human nature to seek joy in life.50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.52. Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54. In the so-called “effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.55. To make learning effective，educators have to ensure that children want to learn. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B)，C) andD)．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter。
201512月大学英语四级考试真题(1+答案解析)
Part I Writing（30 minutes）Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension（25 minutes）Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.10. A）一Its popularity with the common people. C) The influence of the British Empire.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution. D) Its loan words from many languages.11. A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To place an order. C) To return some goods.B) To apply for a job. D) To make a complaint.13. A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14. A) It is not his responsibility. C) It depends on a number of factors.B) It will be free for large orders. D) It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15. A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections:In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A )，B)，C) and D)．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17. A) Measure the speed of wind. C) Pass on secret messages.B) Give warnings of danger. D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. A) To find out the strength of silk for kites. C) To prove that lightning is electricity.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod. D) To protect houses againstPassage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She was born with a talent for languages. C) She can speak several languages.B) She was trained to be an interpreter. D) She enjoys teaching languages.20. A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21. A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22. A) Take part in a cooling competition. C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.B) Taste the beef and give her comment. D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24. A) Stupid. B) Active. C) Brave. D) Careless.25. A) Watch educational TV programs only. C) Help with housework.B) Write two book reports a week. D) Keep a diary.Part IIII Reading Comprehension（40 minutes）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is 36 different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society 37 the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a 38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different 39 is possible when the actual amount of information 40 by the user is taken into account. In fact，the more information 41 throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots"，leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major 42：class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With 43 to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation，44 with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation，45 to an industrial society.Section BDirections; In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729，that the people of Ireland eat theirchildren, he insisted it would solve three problems at once：feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression，and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire（讽刺），it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B) If you spend much time with educators and policy makers，you'll hear a lot ofthe following words："standards，”" results,”" skills，”" self-control，”"accountability,”and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly “effective" schools，where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C) A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly`clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D) I'm a mother of three，a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I'vewatched a -lot of children-talking，playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here's what I've come to understand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance，nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub，a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something，and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E) A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his7-year-old son from soccer practice，his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching（蹲伏）down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower, and then，with complete joy he called out，“Dad. Come here. This is the strangest bug I've ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this. It's amazing.” He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight.“Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever.”F) The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming butirrelevant byproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance（坚持不懈），obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things：reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub，and debating seriousissues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy; making art，making friends，making decisions.G) Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn'tbe that hard. It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset（思维模式）．Instead of trying to get children to work hard，why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful，productive activity, like making things，working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.H) Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as anunaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement，and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.1) Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with，often becausethey are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification（快乐）so that they can pursue abstract goals，like going to college.J) Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children，it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully，enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy. K) Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food-something so valuable to humans that they have evolved toexperience it as a pleasure?L) Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. “Pleasure" is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact，the precondition.46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49. It is human nature to seek joy in life.50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.52. Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54. In the so-called “effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.55. To make learning effective，educators have to ensure that children want to learn.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B)，C) and D)．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter。
2015年12月英语四级考试答案（第一套）
2015年12月英语四级考试答案(第一套)2015年12月英语四级考试答案(第一套)下面是店铺整理的2015年12月英语四级考试答案(第一套)，希望对大家有帮助。
作文The Importance of Being Participants in LifeNowadays it is common to encounter a scene when people want to see things happen but can'tmake things happen for various kinds of reasons. Sometimes, they just refuse to be the change inthe world.As far as I am concerned, we should all have the notion of being the participant in our life. Forinstance, one can't have a healthy body by merely watching others take regular exercises. He muststrengthen his body through his own efforts. Another case is that when people intend to acquirenew skills, such as public speaking skill, they need to catch every opportunity to speak in the publicso that they can achieve success. Furthermore, there are changes we want to see in the world, likeprotecting the environment effectively, and the only way to make a difference is that each of usshould be a contributing participant.In conclusion, let's go out there to make things happen, just as the saying goes: "Be the changeyou want to see in the world."【短对话】1. B. They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.2. A. At a gift shop.3. C. He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4. D. He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5. B. Set a deadline for the staff to meet.6. A. They way to the visitor’s parking.7. D. He has benefited from exercise.8. D. The secretaries in the man’s company.【长对话】9. B. It is used by more people than English.10. C. The influence of the British Empire.11.It includes a lot of words from other languages.12.To place an order13.He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.14.It depends on a number of factors.15.Ring back when she comes to a decision.【短文理解】16. No one knows for sure when they came into being.17.Carry ropes across river.18.To prove the lighting is electricity.19.She can speak several languages.20.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.22.Taste the beef and give her comment.23.He grew up in a poor single parent household.24.Stupid25.Write two book reports a week.【短文听写】26.heavenly27. fascinating29. Now and then32. characteristics34. naked35 .relatively36.G37.M38.B39.O40.I41.D42.F43.J44.H45.N阅读理解46. The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech. 对应I段47. The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seeminglyperfect essay. 对应C段48. A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection. 对应K段49. Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can't produce anything. 对应E段50. The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as "flawless". 都应B段51. Criticizing someone's speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one. 对应F段52. The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor. 对应A段53. The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person. 对应H段54. The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language. 对应J段55. Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing. 对应G段Passage One56. A) Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.57. B) Lack of the right kind of talents.58. A) Its location is not as attractive to rich people.59. D) It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.60. C) They can do more than providing money.Passage Two61. C) It may prevent your business and career from advancing.62. B) Encourage people to disagree and argue.63. A) To find out the truth about an issue.64. D) They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.65. D) Acknowledge their contribution.翻译：中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。
四级真题2015年12月第一套
听力题1.A) the woman should mix the ingredients thoroughlyB) the dressing makes the mixed salad very invitingC) the restaurant is known for its food varietiesD) the restaurant offers some special cash today2.A) he took over the firm from MaryB) he is opening a new consulting firmC) he failed to foresee major problemsD) he is running a successful business3.A) the printer in the office has run out of paperB) the man may find the supplies in the cabinetC) the man can leave the discs in the office cabinetD) someone should be put in charge of office supplies4.A) the woman can use his glasses to readB) he has the dictionary the woman wantsC) the dictionary is not of much help to himD) he has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly5.A) seeking professional adviceB) adding some office furnitureC) redecorating her officeD)majoring in interior design6.A) shortage of container shipsB) improvement of port facilitiesC) delayed shipment of goodsD) problems in port management7.A) a colleagueB) their bossC) their workloadD) a coffee machine8.A) call the hotel manager for helpB) get an expert to correct the errorC) hold the banquet at a different placeD) postpone the event until a later date长对话9.A) he cooks dinner for the family occasionallyB) he dines out from time to time with friendsC) he shares some of the household dutiesD) he often goes back home late for dinner10.A) to take him to dinnerB) to discuss an urgent problemC) to talk about a budget planD) to pass on an important message11.A) foreign investors are losing confidence in India’s economyB) Many multinational enterprises are withdraw from IndiaC) there is a sharp increase in India’s balance of payment deficitD) there are wild fluctuations in the international money market12.A) they try to adapt to their changing rolesB) they form a more realistic picture of lifeC) they may not be prepared for a lifelong relationshipD) they have unrealistic expectations about the other half13.A) he is lucky to be able to do what he lovesB) he is able to meet many interesting peopleC) he is able to forget all the trouble in his lifeD) he is lucky to have visited many exotic people14.A) it is stressfulB) it is full of funC) it is all glamourD) it is challenging15.A) amazedB) botheredC) puzzledD) excited短文理解16.A) Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organizationB) Follow closely the fast development of technologyC) Learn new ways of relating and working togetherD) Maintain the traditional organizational culture17.A) How the team is built to keep improving its performanceB) What type of personnel the team should be composed of.C) How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serveD) What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18.A) A team manager must set very clear and high objectivesB) Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C) Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D) A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.19.A) It is allowing people to share information on the WebB) It started off as a successful program but was unable to last longC) It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.D) It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of 111linois20.A) He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B) He met with an entrepreneur named Jim ClarkC) He invested in a leading computer business.D) He sold a program developed by his friends.21.A) They trusted his computer expertise.B) They had confidence in his new ideas.C) They were very keen on new technology.D) They believed in his business connections.22A) word-of-mouth advertisingB) Distributing free trial products.C) Prestige advertising.D) Institutional advertising23A) To sell a particular product.B) To attract high-end customersC) To promote a specific service.D) To build up their reputation.24A) By creating their own ads and commercials.B) By buying media space in leading newspapers.C) By hiring their own professional advertising staff.D)By using the services of large advertising agencies.25A) Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needsB) specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.C) pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.D) Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.听写：Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an 26 _____ concept. It’s not at all like the killing of individuals lifeforms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27 ____ numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedies by some supernatural power. IT is rather an 28 ______ and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations 29_____ us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bring about the extinction of life 30 ____, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed. 31_____ basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being 32_____ in a frenzy(疯狂) of processing, consuming , and 33_____, but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial(地球上的) life depends.The change that is taking place on earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural 34________, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of 35_____参考答案：短对话：1-8 BDBDCAAC长对话：9-15 DDCDACD短文理解：16-25 CCDABBADDC听写：Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an 26 _eternal____ concept. It’s not at all like the killing of individuals lifeforms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27 _diminishing____ numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedies by some supernatural power. IT is rather an 28 __absolute____ and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations 29___succeed__ us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bring about the extinction of life 30 _on a vast scale___, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed. 31__As regards___ basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being 32_used up____ in a frenzy(疯狂) of processing, consuming , and 33_disposing____, but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial(地球上的) life depends.阅读理解The change that is taking place on earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural 34__modification______, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of 35__magnitude___Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the informnation society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society.However,they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is 36 different from that of an industrial society.As informatization progresses in society，the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the informnation society 37 the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a 38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forn1s of the mass media. A Different 39 is possible when the actual amount of information 40 by the user is taken into account.In fact，the more information 41 throughout the entire society，the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots，"leading to digital divide.According to recent studies，digital divide has been caused by three major 42 class,sex,and generation. In terms of class，digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With 43 to sex，digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap，however，is between the Net-generation, 44 personal computers and the Internet，and the older generation, 45 to an industrial society.A)accustomedB)acquiredC)assemblyD)attributeE)chanlpionsF)elementsG)expands H)familiarI)flowsJ)fundamentallyK)interpretationL)passiveM)regardN)respectivelyO)superficial2.长篇阅读（匹配意思相近的选项）Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.[A]When Jonathan Swift proposed，in 1729，that the people ofIreland eat their children，he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses，reduce the population during a severe depression，and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire (讽刺)，it seems disgusting and shocking inAmerica with its child-centered culture. But actually，the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.[B]If you spend much time with educators and policy makers，you'll hear a lot of the following words: standards，" "results，" "skills，" "self-control，" "accountability" and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools，where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.[C] A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education，they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child，or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.[D]I'm a mother of three，a teacher，and a developmental psychologist. SoI've watched a lot of children-talking，playing，arguing,eating,studying, and being young. Here's whatI've come to understand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance，nor their lack of skills.It's their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub，a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends，or an ll-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something，and derive intense pleasure from that absorption，is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.[E] A friend told me the following story. One day，when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccer practice，his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door，he suddenly stopped，crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face went down lower and lower，and then，with complete joy he called out，"Dad. Come here. This is the strangest bugI've ever seen.It has，like，a million legs. Lпok at this.”It's amazing." He looked up at his father，his features overflowing with energy and delight. "Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever."[F] The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities，like perseverance (坚持不懈)，obligation，and practicality. Yet moments like this one are justthe kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures，conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub，and debating serious issues rather than stringingtogether nonsense words，for example.In some cases，schools should help children find new，more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art，making friends，making decisions.[G] Building on a child's ability to feel joy，rather than pushing it aside，wouldn't be that hard.It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式).Instead of trying to get children to work hard，why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful，productive activity，like making things，working with others，exploring ideas，and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.[H] Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish，or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty，low academic achievement，and high dropout rates，think again. The more horrible the school circumstances，the more inlportant pleasure is to achieving any educa- tional success.[I] Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with，often because they are pressured by their administrators，treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.The assump- tion is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead，they should Ie缸n to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals，like going to college.[J] Not only is a boring and awful way to treat children，it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school，kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat，fill out a worksheet，or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully，eflioy books，digest complex information，or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen，you have to help the child fmd pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.[K] Adults tend to talk about learning as if were medicine: unpleasant，but necessary and good for you.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food-something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?[L] Joy should not be tratned out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child's life circumstances，the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. "Pleasure" is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education.It is，in fact，the precondition.46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49. It is hunlan nature to seek joy in life.50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important t turn learning into joyful experience.52. Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54. In the so-called "effective" schools，children are taught self-contro1 under a set of strict rules.55. To make learning effective，educators have to ensure that children want to learn.3.仔细阅读Section CQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock，people leave their office. The length of the workday，for many workers，is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done. These days，the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches，but on cell-phone and computers，That may be a bad thling，particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativityClock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m.，research from 10 a.m. to noon，etc. On the other hand，task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list，each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What,then，are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us moreproductive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier?In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet andAnne- Laure Sellier，they had participants organize different activities--from project planning，holiday shopping，to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time."They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and morecreative，but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening，and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in thebusiness culture. Smart companies，they believe，will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office，but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clock-timers，task-based tinting should be used when perfonning a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier，and thle task-doers will be happier.56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A) It makes everybody time-conscious.B) It is a convenience for work and life.C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modem life.57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C) They set a time limit for each specific task.D)They accomplish出eir tasks one by one.58.What did Tamar Avnet andAnne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A) They seize opportunities as they come up.B) They always get their work done in time.C) They have more control over their lives.D) They tend to be more productive.59.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice..C) It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D) It ainls to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.60.What do the researchers suggest?A) Task-based timng is preferred for doing creative work.B) It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C) Perfomling creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D) A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged，tried and convicted of a crime in 2004.As she neared the end of her prison sentence，a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues，and that "there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."Surely，the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful Unfortunately，many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans，who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a crinlinal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completedMany of these penalties are让nposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual ws can restrict or ban voting，access to public housing，and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all，more than 45，000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American lifeSome laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (恋童癖) work in a schooL But too often collateral(伴随的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be pennanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive，since they make it harder for people with crinlinal records to find housing or land a job，two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations，including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties，except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.Where the penalties are not a must，they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather，it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system，second chances are crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.61.What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?A) Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B) Her business went bankrupt while she was in prisonC) Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D) Her prison sentence might have been extended.62.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals inAmerica?A) They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B) They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.C) They receive severe penalties for committing minor offensesD) They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.63.What are the consequences for manyAmericans with a criminal record?A) They remain poor for the rest of their lives.B) They are deprived of all social benefits.C) They are marginalized in society.D) They are deserted by their family.64.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?A) They help to maintain social stability.B) Some of them have long been outdated.C) They are hardly understood by the public.D) A lot of them have negative effects on society.65.What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B) To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.C) To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent lifeD) To call people's attention to prisoners' conditions in America.答案：36-45 JGOKBIFMHA36。
2015年12月份英语四级考试真题第一套解析
• childbirth *'tʃaɪl(d)bɜːθ+ n. 分娩，生产 • struggle for 为…奋斗，努力 • except *ɪk'sept; ek-] conj. 除了；要不是 prep. 除…之外vt. 不 计； • complication*kɒmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n+ n. 并发症；复杂；复杂化 • at risk 处于危险中 • adopt one’s suggestions 采纳（某人的）建议 • accept international aid 接受国际援助 • feasible *'fiːzɪb(ə)l+ adj. 可行的；可能的；可实行的 • flexible *'fleksɪb(ə)l+ adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的 • . warn *wɔːn+ vt. 警告，提醒；通知 • remove all restrictions 去除限制 • impose *ɪm'pəʊz+ …on vt. 强加；征税；以…欺骗 • resort*rɪˈzɔ:t+ n. 采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策; 度假胜 地
写作模板
• As we all know, （主题相关的事实）. Therefore, （根据该事实推理出的结论）. However, in my opinion, （给出自己的不同 观点，引出论点）. • For one thing, （论据1）. For another, （论 据2）. • In all, （重申观点）.
万能句型
• • • • • • 一、表达自己的观点 1. As for me,… 对于我来说，…… 2. As far as I am concerned,… 就我而言，…… 3. In my opinion/ From my perspective,… 我认为…… 二、表示次序或递进 1. Firstly/First of all … Secondly… Finally… 第一……第二……最 后…… • 2. To begin with… Furthermore… Last but not least… 首先…… 此外……最后但同样重要的是…… • 3. In the first place… Next… Lastly… 首先……其次……最后…… • 4. For one thing… For another… 其一……其二……
2015年12月四级真题共3套
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.” You can citeexamples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others’opinions. You should write at least 120words, but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirection: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C).and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A) Dismissing employees without giving advance notice.B) Checking employees’ online private messages at work.C) Monitoring employees’ performance on weekends.D) Closing employees’ social media during work hours.2. A) He did well in handling his clients’ queries.B) He created a private account for his fiancée.C) He won the case against his employer recently.D) He was fired because of breaking company rules.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is widely used in Kenya.B) It has been increasing in value.C) It makes poor people’s life easier.D) It lowers the buying power of the rich.4. A) It is a non-profit group located in Nairobi, Kenya.B) It works hard on replacing the national currency system.C) It introduced a community currency to a village in Kenya.D) It makes a series of investigations on trade and jobs in Kenya.Questions 5 and 6 will be based on the following news item.5. A) Several states declared an economic emergency.B) Many women are too old to get pregnant.C) Some babies were born with brain defects.D) Birth rates have fallen down greatly.6. A) 10B) 29C) 2,400D) 3,1007. A) A mosquito-borne virus.B) A severe chest infection.C) The shortage of medicine.D) Bacteria from Latin America.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Conversation OneQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.9. A) Its popularity with the common people.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) Its loan words from many languages.10. A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.11. A) The English grammar is quite easy.B) It is greatly influenced by French.C) It could be pronounced easily.D) It is attractive to England beginners.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To place an order.B) To apply for a job.C) To return some goods.D) To make a complaint.13. A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14. A) It is not his responsibility.B) It will be free for large orders.C) It depends on a number of factors.D) It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15. A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17. A) Measure the speed of wind.B) Give warnings of danger.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. A) To find out the strength of silk for kites.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To prove that lightning is electricity.D) To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She was born with a talent for languages.B) She was tainted to be an interpreter.C) She can speak several languages.D) She enjoys teaching languages.20. A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21. A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22. A) Take part in a cooking competition.B) Taste the beef and give her comment.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24. A) Careless.B) Stupid.C) Brave.D) Active.25. A) Watch educational TV programs only.B) Write two book reports a week.C) Help with housework.D) Keep a diary.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is 26 different from that of an industrial society. As information progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society 27 the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a 28 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different 29 is possible when the actual amount of information 30 by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information 31 throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between “information haves” and “information have-mo ts”, leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major 32 class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With 33 to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, 34 with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation, 35 to an industrial society.A) accustomedB) acquiredC) assemblyD) attribute I) flowsJ) fundamentally K) interpretation L) passiveE) championsF) elementsG) expandsH) familiar M) regardN) respectively O) superficialSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.[A] When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat theirchildren, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.[B] If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of thefollowing words: “standards”,“results”,“skills”,“self-control”,“accountability”, and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly “effective” schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can’t sit still.[C] A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clearthat when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.[D] I’m a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I’vewatched a lot of children-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here’s what I’ve come to understand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It’s their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what hecan and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child’s ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.[E] A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his 7-year-oldson from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower, and then, with com plete joy he called out, “e here.This is the strangest bug I’ve ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this.It’s amazing.”He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. Can’t we stay here for just a minut e? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever.[F] The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming butirrelevant byproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance (坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.[G] Building on a child’s abil ity to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't bethat hard. It would just require a shift in the education world’s mindset (思维模式). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.[H] Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as anunaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.[I] Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they arepressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn’t chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.[J] Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can’t force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.[K] Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it asa pleasure?[L] Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child’s life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. “Pleasure” is not a dirty word. And it doesn’t run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.36. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change theirway of thinking.37. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy fromwhat they are doing.38. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.39. It is human nature to seek joy in life.40. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is topatients.41. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyfulexperience.42. Adults do not consider children’s feelings when it comes to education.43. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to theireducational goals.44. In the so-called “effective” schools, children are taught self-control under a set ofstrict rules.45. To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they’re done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m. research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs “task tinge.” They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tendto enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It’ll make those tasks easier,and the task-doers will be happier.46. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A) It makes everybody time-conscious.B) It is a convenience for work and life.C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.47. How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C) They set a time limit for each specific task.D) They accomplish their tasks one by one.48. What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments aboutclock-timers?A) They seize opportunities as they come up.B) They always get their work done in time.C) They have more control-over their lives.D) They tend to be more productive.49. What do the researchers say about today’s business culture?A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C) It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers’ lives.D) It aims to bring employees’ potential and creativity into full play.50. What do the researchers suggest?A) Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B) It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C) Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D) A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was “paying her dues,” and that “there is simply no reason for anyone to attem pt to deny her right to start anew.”Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person’s individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖) work in a school. But too often collateral (随附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one’s interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.51. What does the well-known columnist’s remark about Martha Stewart suggest?A) Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B) Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.C) Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D) Her prison sentence might have been extended.52. What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?A) They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B) They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.C) They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.D) They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.53. What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?A) They remain poor for the rest of their lives.B) They are deprived of all social benefits.C) They are marginalized in society.D) They are deserted by their family.54. What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?A) They help to maintain social stability.B) Some of them have long been outdated.C) They are hardly understood by the public.D) A lot of them have negative effects on society.55. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?A) To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B) To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.C) To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.D) To call people’s attention to prisoners’ conditions in America.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should, write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题及详解(第一套)【圣才出品】
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题及详解（第一套）[视频讲解]Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking”.You can cite examples to illustrate theimportance of paying attentions to other’s opinions.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.【审题构思】本篇作文为引语评论型作文。
题目要求对“倾听比倾诉更重要”进行评论，并需要通过例子来阐述“倾听”的重要性。
考生在写作时，首先应引出话题，阐明论点，指出“倾听比倾诉更重要”；然后应给出具体原因，从而解释“倾听为什么比倾诉更重要？”；最后，应对文章进行总结，并进行展望：倾听让生活更美好。
【参考范文】Listening Is More Important Than Talking(1)Nowadays an old saying that listening is more important than talking(2)comes into vogue. The saying stresses the essence of communication with others in society,which means paying attention to others’opinions is much more important than expressing one’s own ideas.Two reasons can(3)account for the correctness of this principle.To start with,listening shows our respect to others.In a society full of fierce competition,willingness to listen enables us to gain trust and friendship,which(4)lays the foundation for interpersonal communication.A talkative person without the patience to listen to others is inclined to be alienated.Furthermore, listening can really benefit us in that we can embrace different points of view via listening.(5)There is no denying the fact that we ourselves are the people who have the capability of making decisions in our own life.(6)Nevertheless,a variety of ideas from others will definitelyAccording to what is said above,listening truly outweighs talking on many occasions.(7)Trying to understand what others say and paying attention to others’needs through listening might make a difference to others’life as well.Only when we realize the importance of listening can we lead a better life.【行文点评】(1)开门见山，描述现象，点明“倾听比倾诉更重要”这个论点。
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新题型2015年12月四级真题（第1套）Part I Writingbenefit n. 益处，好处celebrity n.名人critical a.关键性的focus on集中注意力于ignore vt.忽视informed a.见多识广的issue n.问题lead to导致make a difference改变outlook n. 观点point of view观点sense vt.觉察到Part II Listening Comprehensionabroad ad. 在国外acquire vt. 获得adopt vt. 采纳advantage n. 优点aid n. 援助ambassador n. 大使，派驻国际组织的代表ambulance n. 救护车ancient a. 古代的，古老的appeal n./vi. 呼吁appreciate vt. 欣赏at risk处于危险中audience n. 观众author n. 作者baggage n. 行李benefit vt. 有益于blast n. 爆炸bomb attack炸弹袭击career n. 职业charity n. [常pl.]慈善团体childhood n. 童年classical a. 古典的comment n./vt. 评论competition n. 比赛complaint n. 投诉complication n. 并发症constitutional n. 宪法的context n. 环境convince vt. 使信服，说服critical a. 关键性的cross-cultural a. 跨文化的current a. 当前的delivery n. 投递destruction n. 破坏，毁灭destructive a. 破坏（性）的detail n. 细节，详情dramatic a. 突然的due to由于dumb a. 沉默的；愚蠢的economist n. 经济学家empire n. 帝国ending n. 结尾entertain vt.使快乐expert n. 专家explosion n. 爆炸facility n. 便利factor n. 因素feasible a. 可行的fire engine消防车flexible a. 灵活的grand a. 重要的household n. 家庭humanitarian a. 人道主义的immunity n. 免疫impatient a. 不耐烦的impose vt.（on）把……强加于in charge主管incident n. 事件Industrial Revolution工业革命infant n. 婴儿infection n. 感染influence n./vt. 影响injure vt. 伤害inquiry n. 询问instance n. 例子（for instance例如）intense a. 强烈的interaction n.相互作用interpreter n. 口译人员interview n. 面谈invent vt. 发明invention n. 发明investigator n. 调查者later on稍后laugh at嘲笑leading a. 主要的；带头的legend n. 传说lightning n. 闪电（lightning rod避雷针）link v. 连接，联系loan word外来语local a. 当地的military a. 军事的n. [the ~]军队naive a. 天真的opportunity n. 机会organization n. 组织overseas a. （在）海外的pass on传递permanently ad. 永久地philosopher n. 哲学家pick up获得plastic a. 塑料（制）的polling n. 投票popularity n.流行；受大众欢迎postpone vt. 推迟pregnancy n. 怀孕pressure n. 压力professional n. 专业人员a. 专业的rare a. 稀有的rate n. 比率，率reasonable a. 合理的rescue vt./n. 救援resort n. 采用的手段（或办法）responsibility n. 责任；职责responsible a. 需负责任的restriction n. 限制ribbon n. 丝带rod n. 杆，棒schedule n. 日程安排表scholarship n. 奖学金single-parent family单亲家庭site n. 位置skilled a. 熟练的soar vi. 猛增social a. 社会的；社交的somewhat ad. 有点strategy n. 策略strip n. 条studio n. 演播室stuff n. 材料，东西submit vt. 提交suicide n. 自杀superior n. 上级surgeon n. 外科医生survive vt. 幸免于talent n. 天资temper n. 脾气terrorist n. 恐怖分子threaten v. 威胁ultimately ad. 最终underway a. 进行中的urge vt. 竭力主张；催促useless a. 无用的value-added tax（商品）增值税vote n. 选举worldwide a./ad.世界范围（的）Part III Reading Comprehension ability n. 能力abolition n.彻底废除，废止absorb vt. 使全神贯注absorption n. 专心abstract a. 抽象的abundantly ad. 充足地academic a. 学术的access n.享用……的机会accomplish vt.完成accountability n.有责任accustomed a.（to）习惯于……的achievement n. 成就administrator n.管理人adult n. 成年人advocate vt.提倡amazing a. 令人吃惊的analysis n. 分析argument n. 论点assignment n. 作业assumption n. 假定available a. 可利用的awful a. 极度的；可怕的backslide v. 故态复萌bug n. 虫子byproduct n. 副产品capacity n. 能力characteristic n.特性circumstance n. 环境，条件coach n. 教练comic n. 连环漫画（册）competence n. 能力complete vt.完成complex a. 复杂的conduct vt. 进行constant a. 持久不变的；不断的constitute vt. 组成convince vt. 宣判某人有罪counterproductive a.起反作用的criticize vt. 批评crucial a.至关重要的culture n. 文化debate n./v.讨论decade n. 十年decrease v./n. 减少define vt.给……下定义depression n. 萧条期derive vt. 取得digest vt. 消化；吸收digital a. 数字的disgusting a.令人作呕的division n. 除法downcast a. 沮丧的dropout n. 辍学学生effective a. 有效的element n. 元素；要素enormous a. 巨大的evolve v.（使）发展exchange vt./n. 交换expand v. 扩大explore v. 探索fascinating a. 有极大吸引力的feature n. [pl.]面貌focus v.（on）（使）集中，聚焦fundamentally ad. 根本地，从根本上gap n. 差距generally ad. 普遍地govern vt. 支配hinder vt. 阻碍，妨碍horrible a. 使人不愉快的ignorance n. 无知impose vt.（on）把……强加于inequality n.不平等Internet n. [the ~]因特网interpretation n. 解释，解读irrelevant a. 不相关的issue n. 问题length n.时间的长短luxury n. 奢侈品margin n.边缘mass media大众传媒media n. 传播媒介nonsense n. 废话，无意义的词语obligation n. 责任offense n.违法行为opportunity n.机会overflow vi.（with）充满，洋溢peer vt. 仔细看penalty n.处罚permanently ad.永久地policy n. 政策possess vt. 拥有poverty n. 贫穷practicality n. 务实precondition n. 先决条件pressure vt. 对……施加压力previous a. 之前的productive a.富有成效的proposal n. 提议，建议propose v. 建议psychologist n. 心理学家pursue vt. 追求reserve vt.保护restriction n.限制revolutionize vt.彻底改革run counter to背道而驰scholar n. 学者segment n.部分seize vt.抓住sentence n.判决severe a. 严重的shift n./v. 转变slogan n. 口号soccer n. 足球solve vt. 解决source n. 来源stimulate vt. 刺激strategy n.策略string n. 一串vt. 用线串structural a. 结构的superficial a. 表面的take sth. into account把某事物考虑在内tend vi. 往往会thrill n. 兴奋，激动to some extent在某种程度上traditional a. 传统的try v.审问unaffordable a. 负担不起的undervalue vt. 低估with regard to关于wrap v. 包，裹Part IV Translation往往：tend to; usually; generally关注：focus on; pay attention to; be concerned with家务：housework; domestic chores首要要求：primary requirement名牌大学：prestigious universities为……好：for the good of; to the benefit of竞争激烈的社会：a highly competitive society; a society with fierce competition 保证：guarantee; ensure取得大的成就：achieve great accomplishments; make great achievements牺牲：at the expense of; at the price of; sacrifice愿意：be willing to。