大学英语专业英国文学史 考试简答题
大学英语复习资料 英国文学常识问答题及答案
英国文学常识问答题(1)答案1、（《贝奥武甫》）被认为是英国的民族史诗。
2、（杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer）的出现标志着以本文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。
3、（杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer）首创英雄诗行，即（五步抑扬格双韵体或英雄双韵体the hero couplet ）,他被称为“英国诗歌之父”。
4、（托马斯·莫尔Thomas More）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的（《乌托邦》Utopia）开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河。
5、英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的作家是（威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare），他的全部作品包括（两首）长诗，（154）首十四行诗和（38）部戏剧。
6、弥尔顿的长诗（《失乐园》Paradise Lost ）和（《复乐园》Paradise Regained）7、约翰·邓恩John Donne和安德鲁·马韦尔Andrew Marvell是（玄学派诗歌）的代表诗人8、亚历山大·蒲柏Alexander Pope 是(新古典主义诗歌)的代表。
9、（乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift）是英国文学史上最伟大的讽刺散文作家。
他的杰作（《格列佛游记》）是一部极具魅力的儿童故事。
10、（塞缪尔·约翰逊Samuel Johnson）是18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擎。
11、丹尼尔·笛福Baniel Defoe 的（《鲁滨逊漂流记》）被认为是现实主义小说的创始之作，为其赢得了“英国小说之父”的称号。
12、（威廉·布莱克William Blake）在诗歌中建立起自己的一套独特的神话体系，具有神秘主义色彩，他的革命性、独创性和复杂性使他成为浪漫主义诗歌的先驱。
(完整word版)英国文学史试题
Cha pter Six English Literature of the Romantic AgeI .可出选择题有:1. The Roma ntic Age bega n with the p ublicati on ofwritte n by______________A. William WordsworthB. Samuel Joh nsonC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordsworth and Coleridge( ) 2. Which po et does not bel ong to the Active Roma ntic Poet?A. Byro nB. ShelleyC. KeatsD. Blake“The Lyrical Ballads ” is Coleridge's master pieceA. Kubla KhanB. The P reludeC. The Rime of Ancient Mari nerD. Tin tern Abbey) 4. In 1805, Wordsworth compi eted a long auto-biogra phical poem en titledA. Biogra phia LiterariaB. The P reludeC. Lucy Po emsD. The Lyrical Ballads( ) 5. The followi ng sta nza is from a poem writte n byWhe n we two p artedIn sile nee and in tears,Half broke n-hearted,To sever for years."The Lyrical Ballads ” which was ) 3. The first poem inP ale grew thy cheek and coldColder tha n thy kiss;Truly that hour foretoldSorrow to this!A.Percy Bysshe ShellyB.William BlakeC.George Gordon Byro nD.Robert Brow ning( )6. The Lake Poets include all the following members except the author of the followingwork.A. The P reludeB.Don Jua nC.The An cie nt Mari nerD. Joa n of Arc) 7. Scott's chief con tributi on to En glish literature lies in his no vels ofA. warB.historyC. cityD.roma neeII.可出判断题有:1. With the establishme nt of the Jacob in dictatorsh ip in Fran ce, Wordsworth's attitude toward revoluti on cha ngedinto active.) 2. I n the revised version of Lyrical Ballads, Coleridge held that p oetry is the“ spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling ”.( ) 3. Roma nticism is a literary tren d. It p revailed in En gla nd in the p eriod(1798——1832)) 4. The most important imp etus of the Roma ntic moveme nt was the French Revoluti on( ) 5. The ideals of French Revoluti on are liberty, democracy, and equality.“Biographia Literaria ” is written by Wordsworth.III .可出填空题有:marked the tran siti on from roma nticism to the p eriod of realism which followed it.2. In 1843 Wordsworth was madeIV 可出术语有:lake po etsV .可出简答题有：What are the qualities of Roma nticismChap ter Seven English Literature of the Victorian AgeI •可出选择题有：( ) 1. The followi ng stateme nts are features of Dicke ns's no vels exce ptA. The po wer of expo sureB. Comp licated and fasc in at ing plotC. Broad humor and pen etrati ng satireD. Tragic mood and feeli ng of dep ressi onII .可出判断题有:) 1. A Tale of Two Cities bel ongs to the first writ ing p hase of Dicke ns's career, and thetwo cities are London and P aris.)2. Though the Victoria n po ets are called The Third Gen erati on of Roma nticism, they showed no vigor and po wer in p roduct ion of p oetry as their p revious p oets.) 6. The brillia nt literary criticism 1.III .可出填空题有:app eared1. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trendafter the roma ntic po etry.2. The title of the no vel Vanity Fair is suggestive of that Van ity Fair in Bunyan's master pi ece_________________ , where all sorts of van ities are on sale.3. The central characters of The Mill on Floss are Tom and his sister4. is the rep rese ntative of New Roma nticism in the novel writ ing at the end ofthe 19th cen tury.IV .可出术语有:Dramatic mono logueV .可出简答题有:The con tributi on of the sett ing to the exp ressi on of the sp eaker's situatio n in“Cross ing theBar ”.Cha pter Eight English Literature of the First Half of the Twentieth CenturyI •可出判断题有:( T ) 1. Symbolism, Surrealism, Imagism, Expressionism, etc, all belong to School ofModer ni sm.( T ) 2. The Rain bow is D. H. Lawre nee's autobiogra phical work.II .可出简答题有:The sig ni fica nee of the theme of Araby.March the works in colu mn A and authors in colu mn B and write the letter of your choice inthe bracketsA B来源:考试大-专四专八考试站。
英语文学导论简答题
英语文学导论简答题英语文学导论简答题1. What is English literature?English literature refers to the body of written works produced in the English language, including novels, poetry, plays, and essays. It encompasses literary works from different time periods and regions where English is spoken, such as England, the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries.2. What are the characteristics of English literature? English literature is known for its diverse range of literary styles, themes, and genres. Some common characteristics include:- Rich language and vivid imagery: English literature often showcases a mastery of language, with writers using rhetoric and poetic devices to create vivid and powerful imagery.- Exploration of universal themes: English literature explores timeless themes such as love, death, friendship, betrayal, and the human condition.- Influence of social and historical contexts: Many works ofEnglish literature are influenced by the social, political, and historical contexts in which they were written. These works often reflect the societal issues and cultural values of their time.- Development of literary movements: English literature has witnessed the emergence of various literary movements, such as the Renaissance, Romanticism, Victorian era, Modernism, and Postmodernism, each with its own unique characteristics and styles.- Representation of diverse voices: English literature encompasses a wide range of perspectives and voices, including those of women, people of different races and ethnicities, and individuals from various social backgrounds.3. How has English literature evolved over time?English literature has evolved significantly over time, reflecting changes in society, language, and literary trends. It has transitioned from Old English, spoken during the medieval period, to Middle English, and finally to Modern English. With each transition, the language and writing styles have changed.In terms of literary development, English literature has progressed from early epics, such as Beowulf, to the works of influential playwrights like William Shakespeare, and the emergence of novelists like Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Virginia Woolf, and many others. The introduction of new literary movements, such as Romanticism and Modernism, also brought about shifts in themes, styles, and narrative techniques.English literature continues to evolve in the contemporary era, with the rise of postcolonial literature, feminist literature, and other diverse voices that challenge traditional literary norms.4. Why is the study of English literature important?The study of English literature is important for several reasons:- Cultural exploration: English literature provides insight into different cultures, societies, and historical periods, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of human experiences and perspectives.- Language development: Studying English literature improves language skills, enhances vocabulary, and fosters critical thinking and analytical abilities.- Appreciation of artistic expression: English literature showcases the creativity and artistic expression of writers, offering readers the opportunity to appreciate and engage with different literary styles and techniques.- Reflection of societal issues: Literature often reflects and critiques societal issues, making it a valuable tool for understanding and examining social, political, and cultural dynamics.- Personal growth and empathy: Reading literature allows individuals to connect with characters and narratives, fostering empathy and personal growth.In conclusion, English literature encompasses a vast and diverse body of written works that have evolved over time. It is characterized by rich language, exploration of universal themes, and the influence of social and historical contexts. The study of English literature is important for its cultural, linguistic, and personal benefits.。
英国文学1考试题及答案
英国文学1考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上第一位伟大的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 下列哪位作家被誉为“英国小说之父”？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 亨利·菲尔丁C. 查尔斯·狄更斯D. 乔治·艾略特答案：B3. 《坎特伯雷故事集》的作者是：A. 乔叟B. 斯宾塞C. 雪莱D. 拜伦答案：A4. 莎士比亚的“四大悲剧”中不包括以下哪部作品？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《奥赛罗》C. 《李尔王》D. 《威尼斯商人》答案：D5. 以下哪位诗人不属于浪漫主义诗人？A. 华兹华斯B. 柯勒律治C. 拜伦D. 布朗宁答案：D6. 《简·爱》的作者是：A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 安妮·勃朗特D. 乔治·艾略特答案：A7. 以下哪部作品是现代主义文学的代表作？A. 《荒原》B. 《尤利西斯》C. 《好兵之帅之帅》D. 《到灯塔去》答案：B8. 以下哪位作家是“愤怒的青年”运动的代表人物？A. 金斯利·艾米斯B. 约翰·奥斯本C. 哈罗德·品特D. 艾伦·西利托答案：B9. 《动物农场》的作者是：A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 阿道司·赫胥黎C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 威廉·戈尔丁答案：A10. 以下哪位作家是后现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 托马斯·品钦B. 萨尔曼·鲁西迪C. 伊恩·麦克尤恩D. 朱利安·巴恩斯答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上的“文艺复兴”时期，涌现出了许多伟大的作家，其中被誉为“英国戏剧之父”的是______。
答案：莎士比亚2. 19世纪英国现实主义文学的代表作家查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一是______。
英国文学期末考试题目（英语专业必备）
英国⽂学期末考试题⽬（英语专业必备）⼀．中古英语时期?Beowulf is theoldestpoem intheEnglishlanguage,andthemostimportantspecimen (范例、典范)ofAnglo-Saxonliterature,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlangua ge.Theromance isapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod（中世纪）.Itusesverseorprosetosing knightly adventuresorotherheroicdeeds.GeoffreyChaucer,oneofthegreatestEnglishpoets,whosemasterpiece,TheCanterA.EdmundSpenserB.WilliamShakespeareC.FrancisBaconD.GeoffreyChaucer3.____isnotaplaywrightduringtheRenaissanceperiodonEngland.A.WilliamShakespeareB.GeoffreyChaucerC.ChristopherMarloweD.BenJohnson三．莎⼠⽐亚WilliamShakespeare“Alltheworld'sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”——WilliamShakespeare WilliamShakespeareisconsideredthegreatestplaywrightintheworldandthefinestpo etwhohaswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.Shakespeareunderstoodpeoplemorethananyotherwriters.Hecouldcreatecharactersthathavemeaningbeyondthetimeandplaceo fhisplays.Hisfourtragediesare Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》),Othello(《奥赛罗》),KingLear(《李尔王》)andMacbeth(《麦克⽩》).Shakespeare’s sonnets,154innumber,aretheo nlydirectexpressionofthepoet’sownfeelings;Sonnet18deservesitsfamebecauseitisoneofthemostbeautifullywrittenvers esintheEnglishlanguage诗选Sonnet18A.GeographicalexplorationB.ReligiousreformationC.PublishingandtranslationD.Humanism.3.In“Sonnet18”,Shakespeare_________________.A.Meditateonthedestructivepoweroftimeandeternalbeautybypoetry.B.Satirize(讽刺)human’svanity.C.Predict(预测)theeternityoflove.D.Eulogize(颂扬)thepowerofthebeauty.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementbestillustratesthethemeofShakespeare’sSonnet1 8A.ThespeakereulogizesthepowerofNature.B.Thespeakersatirizeshumanvanity.C.Thespeakerpraisesthepowerofartisticcreation.D.Thespeakermeditatesonman’ssalvation.5.TheRenaissancereferstobetween14th-mid-17thcentury,whichwasunderthereignofQueen___andabsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummit,andinwhichthe’re almainstream(真正的⽂学主流)’was____.A.Victoria/poetryB.Elizabeth/dramaC.Mary/novelGulliver'sTravels,JonathanSwift'sbestfictionalwork,containsfourparts,eachab outoneparticularvoyageduringwhichGulliverhasextraordinaryadventuresonsomer emoteislandafterhehasmetwithshipwreckorpiracyorsomeothermisfortune.相关练习1.Inwhichofthefollowingworkscanyoufindthepropernames"Lilliput","Brobdingn ag",Houyhnhnm"and"Yahoo”A.ThePilgrim’sProgressB.TheFarrieQueeneC.Gulliver’sTravelsD.TheSchoolofScandal2.______isatypicalfeatureofSwift’swritings.A.ElegantstyleB.Causalnarration/doc/786579943.htmlplicatedsentencestructure3.TheHouyhnhnmsdepictedbyJonathanSwiftinGulliver’sTravelsare________.A.horsesthatareendowedwithreason.B.pigmiesthatareendowedwithadmirablequalitiesC.giantsthataresuperiorinwisdom.D.Hairy,wild,lowanddespicablecreatures,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappe arancebutalsoinsomeotherways.五．浪漫主义诗歌（⼀）先驱：RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯，WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克RobertBurns is anationalpoetofScotland,apoetofpeasants,hispoemsarewritteninesthedominantsubjectmatter.A.loveB.manC.natureD.death3.IntheRomanticperiod,____isthemostprosperousliteraryform.A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.play4.RomanticismisaperiodofBritishliteratureroughlydatedfrom__.A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832C.1483-----1546D.1836-----19015.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheEnglishRomanticPeriodare_____andWalterScott. A.WashingtonIrving B.JaneAustenC.HermanMelvilleD.CharlesDickens6.WilliamWordsworth,aromanticpoet,advocatedallthefollowingEXCEPT___.A.theuseofeverydaylanguagespokenbythecommonpeopleB.theexpressionofthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsC.theuseofhumbleandrusticlifeassubjectmatterD.theuseofelegantwordingandinflatedfiguresofspeech7.Thepublicationof“_______”markedthebeginningofRomanticAge.A.DonJuanB.TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerC.TheLyricalBalladsD.QueenMab8.ThemajorrepresentativesofthepoeticrevolutioninEnglishRomanticperiodwereSTheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.我好似⼀朵孤独的流云，⾼⾼地飘游在⼭⾕之上，突然我看到⼀⼤⽚鲜花，是⾦⾊的⽔仙遍地开放。
大学_英国文学史试题及答案
英国文学史试题及答案英国文学史试题及答案(一).Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitive(B)Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales(D)The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval Englishsociety and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________.A.William Langland s Piers PlowmanB.Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury TalesC.John Gowers Confession AmantisD.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(B)Ⅱ. Questions1. What are the features of Beowulf?2. Comment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales.Part Two The English RenaissanceⅠ. Match the writer and his works.1. Thomas More A. Apology for Poetry2. Holinshed B. Miscellany of Songs and Sonnets3. Hakluyt C. Utopia4. Richard Tottel D. Discovery of Guiana5. Philip Sidney E. Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries6. Walter Raleigh F. ChroniclesThe key: (1—C 2—F 3—E 4—B 5—A 6—D)Ⅱ. Choose the best answer.1. _____ founded the Tudor Dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.A. Henry VB. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. James I2. The first complete English Bible was translated by _______, “the morning star of the Reformation” and his followers.A. William TyndalB. James IC. John WycliffeD. Bishop Lancelot Andrews3. The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ____ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interests of the English merchants.A. Henry V.B. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4. Except being a victory of England over ___, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway5. Those, both traders and pirates like ____, established the first English colonies.A. Francis DrakeB. Lancelot AndrewsC. William CaxtonD. William Tyndal6. ____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.A. Ben JohnsonB. William Shakespeare英国文学史试题及答案(二)Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langlands ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte dArthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed, through which, we can see a picture of the life in the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudalC. bourgeoisD. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revoltC. obedienceD. mockery10. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte dArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey13. Chaucers earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the French Roman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact on the wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccios poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices： 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB。
大学英语专业英国文学史考试简答题.doc
PartV The 17th centuryThe Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Donne1What are the characteristics and representatives of the English literature of the revolution period，the metaphysical period and restoration period?A.The revolution period，Puritans believed in simplicity of life and disapproved ofthe sonnets and the love poetry，and they influence in general tended to suppressed literary art.Representatives： John Milton，John BunyanB.The metaphysical （玄学i尼）period, the style became spiritual gloom. Representatives： Donne and Herbert； John MiltonC.The restoration period，the literary was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical.Representatives： John Dryden2In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《告别：莫忧伤》’’，why does the speaker forbid mourning when his going to pass away and leave his lover? Why and what are the two conceits （比喻）that he uses to describe their perfect love?A.Although they may leave each other, yet they love is firm and forever, and soul lovers cannot be separated by distance and death. Besides, death is natural just like earthquake.B.First conceit （like gold to airy thinness beat） , their souls are like gold，it can expand and their love still exit.Second conceit（as stiff tein com, they are like compasses are two），one moving and anther stay and wait for the companion.3In “Death be not proud”（死神莫骄妄），what will happen to us when we die? why does the speaker say that “death should not be proud”？ When will death die? A.It will be rest and sleep flow with much pleasure when we die，and our souls will be released.B.Because it is a slave of fate，chance，kings and desperate man and death is together with poison,war,sickness and opium or charms. And these things can make us sleep like the death, and the effect is better than death. Death for peo ple is a soul’s delivery, and after death people will feel free and pleased. Although people die, yet they wake eternally，and their souls are exiting forever.C.When people’s short sleep past，people wake eternally，and death no longer exist and death will die.John Milton1In what way is John Milton a staunch（坚定的）revolution fighter and a great poet?A.W hen he was in Italy, he heard the trouble sprung up in England，and he gave up his plan for travelling and went back to England. After he return to England, he opposed themonarchic party and gave all his energy to the writing of pamphlets、册子dedicated to the people’s liberties.B.After finishing the university course, he thought he was born to be a poet.So for five years he lived at home in his father’s country house at Horton about 20 miles from London,writing poetry and studying hard,in order better to fit himself for his work.He worked for 7years upon Paradise Lost.And he also wrote Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.The three works made him a great poet.2What is the theme of Paradise Lost ?What is the basic idea of Paradise Lost? Theme:? ? ? ? ?The basic idea:the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom.3 In Paradise Lost, why was Satan punished by God driven out of heaven and at last into hell? What did he want to do for revenge? And what was his reason? What is the allegorical meaning of the poem?A.Because Satan led the mutinous(反叛的)angels to rise against God himself but in thebattle with the hosts of angels that remained true to God, they were finally defeated.B.Satan wanted to ruin God’s precious creation (man).C.So he wanted to tear Adam and Eve away from the influence of God and to makethem instrumental in his struggle against God’s authority.D.God represents authority and tyranny on earth,he has strong rights to controlanything •Satan represents the power of revolting against authority and desire for freedom.3 In the Sonnet On His Blindness, what is the double meaning of “talent”？ What is “mine” question? And what is the answer given by patience? What is the theme of the Sonnet?A.The “talent” means :ability and a kind of currency unitB.Question is that God does not give us light，and why I will bear it?('Doth God exactday-labor,light denied?’)C.Patience answers that God does not need gift, and go and climb without rest or standand wait is also a service.fGod doth not need either man’s work or his own gifts;who best bear his mild yoke,they serve him best)D.Theme:If you have talents,you should make full use of it. and your pain will bediminished and you will be peaceful and calm.You can use your talent to live a meaningful life.John Banyan1What is “allegory”？ In what way is Banyan The Pilgrim’s Progress is allegory? What are the literal meaning and symbolic meaning of the work?A.Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which the characters, actions or settingsrepresent abstract ideas general truth or moral qualities, and a story that has two meanings, literal and symbolic.B.The literal meaning: Christian’s pilgrimage from the city of Destruction to the HolyCityThe symbolic meaning:religious people,people should follow Christian’sexample.And it reflects the society and culture.2In the part Vanity Fair，what is the Vanity Fair? What are sold and brought at the VF? What do Christian and his companion Faithful want to buy? How are they treated as a fair? What is the meaning of this excerpt?A.Vanity fair is a name of a town and there is a fiar kept.B.Everything in vanity is can be sold and brought,such asjouses，ladns，trades，placesC.Christian and his companion want to buy “truth”D.They was mocked and taunted,and were taken and beaten by the people in thevanity.And the people in fair besmeares（I占｛亏）them with dirt,and put them with dirt,and put them into the cage.E.“ Vanity ’’ means empt iness or worthlessness，and hence the fair is an allegory ofthe worldliness（俗气）and the corruption of the religious life through the attractions of the world. And Banyan described the world that lost truth and were full ofselfishness and corruption.PartVI The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandDaniel Defoe1What does Enlightenments Movement mean? What do you know about the English literature of the Enlightenment?The Enlightenments Movement on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisies against feudalism.Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses and matters discussed there became subjects of literature. And the literary leaders emphasized formality or correctness of style. The reign of classicism is Addison，Steele, and Pope, and their verse became the ambition of aspiring young authors. Beside，the modern novels became popular: realist，psychological，satirical and sentimental novels. And the revival of romanticism or pre-romanticism.2What story does the novel Robinson Crusoe tell? What is the theme and style? Why do we say that Robinson Crusoe is the representative of the raising bourgeois?The story is about Robinson was lost in an island，and he was alone and finally survive. The theme: a man’s struggle against natu re for survival by self-reliance and man’s determination to improve his livelihood by labor.The style: simple，direct, fact-based story and characterization and smooth, easy and colloquial language.Robinson is fighting with difficulties and does not give in, and he struggles against nature for survival. Just like the enterprising Englishman fighting the survivals of feudalism and develop the bourgeois relations.Jonathan Swift1 What kind of writer is JS?What are his major works?A.JS is a supreme master of devastating satire.（ He was a posthumous （遗腹子）child， and people looked upon him as a servant，he had a bitter，unhappy early life. After he entered the strife （争斗）of party politics，he soon became a veritable（名畐ij Jt及:的）dictator，and he was courted and flattered, and he was arrogant.But when the Tories went out of power his position was uncertain, and the last years he was anguish and grief ）B.Major works:The tale of a Tub，The battle of the Books，Gulliver’s Travels2How many past does Gulliver travelers consist of? What satirize in the novel? Include four parts，the voyage，the Brobdingnag，the flying island and the Houyhnhnms. The story is an immortal classic of satire，a penetrating anatomy of human nature 揭露人'性丑恶，and a satirical description of the vices of his age.2What are the structure，the significance and the style of it?见笔记3What are Gulliver’s experiences in Lilliput and Brobdingnag described in the selecting readings?A.In Lilliput, Gulliver is shipwrecked，and the Lilliputians bind the sleeping Gulliverhand and foot. Gulliver has to convince them，then he goes to the war but theofficials conspire against him and charge him with high treason. Finally，Gulliver escapes in a boat and goes back to England.B.In Brobdingnag, people are good-natured and they treat Gulliver kindly，they lookhim as a plaything. And the king often interrogates Gulliver on European affairs. At last，the travelling-box takes him to the seashore, and he was picked up by aEnglish trip.PartVII The Age of EnlightenmentJoseph Addison1What is the Addison’s contribution to the two papers The Tatler and The Spectator?Addison was a better writer than Steele and he made The Tatler a great success, and he also helped with the anther newspaper. Addison gave many ideas and thoughts to the two papers and made the paper become very and interesting and popular.2What are the poems contain form and style on the two papers?The form is little and familiar essays.The style is clean, wholesome, gentle humor, courtesy and good breeding.Henry Fielding1What ar e the major features of Henry Fielding’s novels?Criticism of social relations，hypocrisy and lack of spirituality，and vivid positive and negative characters, besides, direct, vigorous, hilarious, coarse and realistic style.2What good quality does Tom Jones display in chapter 20 of book4 and chapter 14 of book 12?Tom was brave and kind，when Sophia was in dangerous，Tom saved her and got hurt, but he cared about nothing but Sophia’s health，although he was hurt，he also thought about others not himself. And in another story，Tom was clever and friendly，he would like to help other people, even it may be put him in danger.Thomas Gray1 In the poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓畔哀歌》，what are thecontents of the poem?what are the poet thoughts and feelings about the dead buried in the churchyard? How does he describe grooms in the poem?A.见笔记本’B.He shows his respect，praise and symapthy for the poor and the ordinary.but mocks the great ones who despise（鄙视）the poor and bring havoc （马蚤?1） on them.C.The author selects natural phenomena to reflect the mood and display the emotion of man借情抒景，寓情于景P250William Blake1In the poem The Tiger，what is the Blake feeling about the tiger? What is his feeling about the Maker of tiger? What does he want to say by asking the questi on’did he who made the lamb made thy’？ does he ask about God and about the order of nature and the social order in reality?A.To the poet, the tiger means power and strength，and it makes people scared andfrightened.B.He is praising the skill and courage of the maker of the tiger.So the Marker isgreat.SymbolicaIly，Blake is praising the French Revolutin and the violentrevolutionary forces.C.The poet is confused，the Marker have made tiger already，why then created thelamb. The tiger id ferocious .violent and powerful，but the lamb idpeacefuljnnocent and midi.But the maker create them both,which symbolizes the disordered society.There are the rich and the poor.And the poor is deprived by the rich.2In the poem The Chimney Sweeper，is the chimney sweeper happy?what is the little CS fate? Who are responsible for his sad fate?A.No, he is not happy,although the little chimney sweeper was positive and believed that everything will be fine.B.His fate is to die because of the harsh condition.C.Parents make their children be a tool to earn money，and do not protect them, but the God，the Priest and the King do not help those children.Robert Burns 彭斯1 In the poet My Heart’s in the Highlands, where is the speaker now? Where is his heart? Why does he have such a strong love for highlands?A.He is not in his homeland.B.His heart is in the highlandsjn his homeland.C.Because highlands mean the birthplace of valour （勇气），the country of worth, andeven the birthplace of him,he compliment his country and show his strong love and homesickness for his home.2In A Red，Red Rose, how does the speaker describe this love’s loveliness? How does he describe his deep love for her?A.He uses simile（明喻）and metaphor（喑喻）.He describes his love as red rose.B.In the second part of the poem the speaker uses seas，rocks, sun and sands tometaphor his deep love. He also uses overstatement（夸张手法）.。
英国文学简史重点汇总及简答题（完整）
英国⽂学简史重点汇总及简答题（完整）英国⽂学简史Conquests & InfluencesA. Early period: The Roman conquest(1) The Roman civilization 罗马⽂明(2) Christianity 基督教(3) Flouring (兴旺) of towns along military roadsB. The English conquest:(1) Three tribes : the Angles, Saxons and Jutes(2) Tribal society-feudalism 社会封建制度C. Medieval period: The Danish and Norman conquest(1) The French-Speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066(2) Establishment of feudalism 封建制度(3) French words came to EnglishD. Anglo-Saxon Poetry (499-1066)1.Anglo-Saxons: the ancestors of today’s Englishmen2.The beginning of history of English literature3.Features: Alliteration 头韵Rhymes metaphors押韵的⽐喻Understatements保守陈述4.The only great work: Beowulf【Beowulf】贝奥武夫( A folk song or poem )1. A national epic (史诗般的作品) of the English people.2. Pagan (异教徒的) poetry & No representative figure(没有代表性⼈物)3. A folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxon from Northern Europe.4. Praises man’s energy, intellect and love of life; and exposes the social vices. (社会的⿊暗⾯)Features of Beowulf: 1.Alliteration 2.Metaphors 隐喻3.UnderstatementsThe significance of Beowulf1.This glorious (辉煌的) epic presents us a vivid picture of the life of Anglo-Saxon people and highly praises the brave and courageous spirit of the fighting against the vices.2.The epic reflects the situations the pagan tribalism (部落⽂化) and of the era of the Christianized (基督教化) feudal society.3.The epic gives the vivid portrayal (写照) of a great national hero, strong andcourageous people and his kinfolk. (亲属)Feudal England1.The chief features of the society was division into two classes: Landlords and peasants. ( 地主和农民)2.The peasants’ rising shook the feudal system in England to the root.The Romance1.The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry (骑⼠精神).2.The English versions of romances were translated from French or Latin.3.The romance of King Arthur is the most important for the history of English literature.4.The romance’s culmination (顶点) in 《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》国王与他的圆桌骑⼠(metrical romance )5.The romance’s summing up in （托马斯·马洛⾥）Tho mas Malory’s《Le Morte D’Arthur》亚瑟王之死(in English prose散⽂)6.《Le Morte D’ Arthur》is a collection of stories about King Arthur, and translated from French by Sir Thomas Malory.【Langland】朗格兰《Piers the plowman》农民⽪尔斯written by William Langland shows the existence of English popular literature.The English Ballads 英国民谣Ballad：a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. （The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.）The various ballads of Robin Hood(罗宾汉) are gathered into a collection called: The Geste of Robin Hood 罗宾汉事迹【Chaucer】乔叟（the founder of English poetry）The three periods of C haucer’s career1. Works translated from French, as《The Romaunt of the Rose》玫瑰传奇2. Works adapted from the Italian, as《Troilus and Criseyde》特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达3.《The Canterbury Tales》坎特伯雷故事集which is purely EnglishThe Canterbury Tales’ Social Significance1. A true-to-life picture of Chaucer’s time2. Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie资产阶级, Chaucer affirms men’s rights to pursue their earthly happiness and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church3. As a forerunner先驱者of humanism, he pr aises man’s energy, intellect and love of life4. Attack social evils of his timeChaucer’s Language，now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master of world-pictures. His verse (诗) is among the smoothest in English. There are pages where, in spite of trifling (微不⾜道的) differences in spelling and grammar, hardly a single word will offer difficulties to a man of tolerable (可容忍的) readingin modern English.Chaucer’s Contribution1. He introduced heroic couplet to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English) , thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language.名词解释1．Alliteration is regular repetition of the same sounds---usu. Initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables----in Old and Middle English verse:’ Kindest to kinsmen and keenest for fame’ in Beowulf Alliteration is also known as ‘initial rhyme’or‘head rhyme’.2．Epic史诗is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.3．Ballad : a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.4．Heroic Couplet：A traditional form for English poetry: it reflects to rhymed iambic pentameter lines in pairs. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Canterbury Tales.Part two：Old English in Transition (P27)1.The New Monarchy 新君主制（the Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy 都铎王朝：君主集中制）2.The Reformation(the Protestant Reformation 新教改⾰；宗教⽂化精神改⾰)3. The English Bible：Then appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James Ⅰ and so was sometimes called the King James Bible. (The result is a monument (不朽的作品) of English language and English literature.)3. The Enclosure Movement (圈地运动)4. The Renaissance (⽂艺复兴) and Humanism （⼈道主义）(1). The Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.(2). People had a thirsting curiosity好奇⼼for the classical literature.(3) People showed the keen interest in the activities of humanity.(4). People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world.5. Humanism is the essence（本质）of the Renaissance.A. The Renaissance, therefore, is a history period in which the Europe humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman catholic church.B. Humanism(1).Humanism emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and theworth of life in this world.(2) .Man is the measure of all things.(3) .Man has ability to perfect themselves, to develop the individual.(4) .Man should enjoy the present life.【Thomas More】托马斯·莫尔1.《Utopia》is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation （dialogue）between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager (航海者).2. The name ‘Utopia’ comes from two Greek words meaning ‘no place’ and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth.The Flowering of English Literature （P38Drama and Prose 散⽂)【Sir Philip Sidney】西德尼Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and critic of poetry.His collection of love sonnets (⼗四⾏诗),《Astrophel and Stella》1591爱星者与星星, His《Apology for Poetry》为诗辩护is one of the earliest English literary essays. It“the school of abuse.”【Edmund Spenser】斯宾塞( The Poet’s Poet of the period )The Shepheardes Calendar 《牧⽺⼈⽇历》1579Spenser’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene 《荣光⼥王》/《仙后》It is an allegorical work（寓⾔作品）dedicated to Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞诗节：A nine-line stanza of 8 lines in iambic pentameter plus an iambic hexameter 6-foot line. ⼀共九⾏诗，前⼋⾏⾏扬格五步⾳，第九⾏抑格六步⾳（abab baba c）Spenser’s position in English literature : Spenser has held his position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets, and his influence can betraced in the works of Milton, Shelley and Keats.【Francis Bacon】培根（famous for his Essays；Of Studies随笔集）The founder of English materialist philosophy. 唯物主义哲学1)his inductive method of reasoning and learning(归纳推理法) proved to be seminaland critically important to the development of modern science and the progress of humankind2)his thought system represented the beginnings of materialism in Englishphilosophy（英国唯物主义哲学）Bacon was the founder of modern science in England.The English version of his part forms his《Advancement of Learning》学问的发展.Then followed his《New Instrument》新⼯具论.A wide variety of subjects: love, truth, friendship, studies, youth and many others.作品⽂风：Clearness, brevity and forceEnglish Drama : the miracles（神迹剧）—the morality（道德剧）—the interlude （幕间剧）—the classical dramaThere was a group of so-called “university wits”⼤学才⼦（Lyly，Peele，Marlowe，Greene，Lodge and Nash）who wrote for the stage of the time.【Marlowe】马洛：the most gifted of the “university wits”works:《Tamburlaine》帖⽊⽿⼤帝《The Jew of Malta》马⽿他岛的犹太⼈《Doctor Faustus》浮⼠德博⼠（Marlowe’s masterpiece）Marlowe was the greatest of the pioneers（拓荒者）of English drama.Marlowe first made blank verse（留⽩：对莎⼠⽐亚影响重⼤）the principal medium of English drama.P55【William Shakespeare】Drama:37四⼤悲剧Great tragedies:《》麦克⽩《King Lear》李尔王《Othello》奥赛罗四⼤喜剧Great comedies: 《A Midsummer Night’s Dream》仲夏夜之梦《The Merchant of Venice》威尼斯商⼈(“grave comedy”) 《As You Like It》皆⼤欢喜《Twelfth Night》第⼗⼆夜In Sonnet 18, he eulogizes the power of artistic creation Blank verse is the principal form of his dramasShakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in total, were first published as a collection in 1609 The Shakespearean or English sonnet rhymed “abab cdcd efef gg”Themes: love、Beauty、mortality、the effects of timeStyle: grace in form, depth in thought, and vivacity in toneFeatures of Shakespeare’s Drama:(1)Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature.(2)Shakespeare was a great master of the English language.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms：the song, the sonnet, the couple, and the dramatic blank verse.(4)Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation.(5)Shakespeare’s long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting.评价：1.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest playwright or poet in the whole world.2.All English writers of any importance cannot escape from Shakespeare’sinfluence.(影响单⼀：⽂艺复兴)【Ben Jonson】本·琼森（他的去世标志着伊丽莎⽩时代的结束）he was the last great Elizabethan and probably the first poet laureate（桂冠诗⼈）and the first literary dictator（⽂学泰⽃）in English history.Roman Tragedies:Sejanus 《席阶纳斯》Cateline 《克蒂琳》Comedies:Every Man in His Humor《个性互异》V olpone, or the Fox 《福尔彭奈，或狐狸》The Alchemist 《炼⾦术⼠》Bartholomew Fair 《巴梭罗缪市集》his reputation as a playwright was established by the success of his first comedy,Every Man in His Humour《个性互异》Jonson’s comedies are “comedies of humours”幽默的喜剧（behaviour, thoughts and manner of speech）In 1616 he published his Works《作品》, the complete collection of his poetrybring the classic form of the tree unities——unity of action, unity of time, andunity of place——back to the stage（把古典的三⼀原则——情节⼀致，时间⼀致和地点⼀致带回舞台）the heroic couplet（英雄双韵体）that he used in the poem was to become atyrannical bogue in the next century, and his emphasis on “nature” the basicprinciple in 18th century literary criticism【King James’ Bible】(最终形成于3世纪初)1)consists of 2 parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament旧约和新约2)The Old Testament: history and religious beliefs of the Jews3)The New Testament: the life of Jesus Christ and the birth and the growth of theChristian faith (创世)4）the authorized bible came into being in 1611【The 17th Century】basic features of the literature of the period:Seek certainty and intellectual harmony on the one hand, and to address thequestion of values through violence and sexualityThe main literary form of the early 17th century was poetry.P116【John Donne】约翰邓恩Metaphysical Poetry/Poe t ⽞学派诗歌/诗⼈Basic features: wit or conceit巧智&奇思妙喻The Flea《跳蚤》Valediction: Forbidden Mourning 《告别》The novelty consists in the comparison of two separate lovers to the legs of acompass圆规【John Milton】约翰弥尔顿The third greatest English poet after Chaucer and Shakespeare, and the greatest to come out of the 17th century.His life can be roughly divided into three phrases:1）The early phase of reading and lyric writing 抒情2）The middle phrase of service in the Puritan Revolution （清教）andpamphleteering（⼩册⼦）for it3）The last phrase of epic writing史诗( the greatest)作品：Two influential writings in Latin:In Denfense of the British People《为英国⼈民辩护》More in Defense of the British People《再为英国⼈民辩护》Paradise Lost《失乐园》：religious work, blank verse；One notable feature of the epic is evident ambiguity in the poet’s attitude toward God, the devil, and man.Samson Agonistes《⼒⼠参孙》：Verse drama, can be seen as objectifying（物化）the poet’s own unflinching spirit ；Samson is Milton.Lycidas《利西达斯》【John Dryden】约翰德莱顿：第⼀位新古典主义作家He was notorious for his frequent face-about in face of the changing politicalclimate of his day.In historical retrospect, Dryden is remembered for 2 things he did admirablywell for his country’s literature.His successful effort to prune the Elizabethan language of its formless exuberance and turn it into a cool, lucid, plain and natural medium for English writing.He was the first Neoclassic writer in English literary history.第⼀位新古典主义作家He made the heroic couplet(英雄双韵体)almost the one poetic medium acceptable for poetry.English literary criticism英语⽂学批评：The father of English criticismH is tragedy All for Love deals with the same story as William Shakespeare’sAntony and Cleopatra.【John Bunyan】约翰班扬When he was in prison he wrote--The Pilgrim’s Progress.《天路历程》is areligious allegory. 宗教寓⾔The Celestial City in The Pilgrim’s Progress is the vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century, through a veil of religious mist.One of the most remarkable passages is that in which Vanity Fair.名利场It is popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible. 《天路历程》被称为“英国⼈的圣经”Chapter 6P127【Neo-classicism】新古典主义：18世纪中期到19世纪盛⾏【Alexander Pope】亚历⼭⼤蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape Of the Lock 《卷发遇劫记》：Mock epic讽刺史诗: of five cantos about “a Homeric struggle of the tea cups”Essay on Men《⼈论》An Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿布斯诺医⽣书》The Dunciad《群愚史诗》P178【Richard Brinsley Sheridan】谢⽴丹：He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century.作品：The Rivals《情敌》The School for Scandal《造谣学校》:a great comedy of mannersa great comedy of manners (风俗喜剧)【Romanticism】浪漫主义P195【William Blake】布莱克pre-romantic writerHis major works, Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》and Songs of Experience《经验之歌》are his voluminous prophetic and mystical writings.天真：The Little Black Boy and The Chimney Sweeper扫烟囱的孩⼦经验：A Little Boy Lost and The Tiger ⽼虎【Robert Burns】罗伯特·彭斯pre-romantic writer （regard as the national ofScotland）His Poems : Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 《苏格兰⽅⾔诗集》Numerous are Burn’s songs of love and friendship ：A Red, Red RoseMain Works：“John Anderson, my Jo ”约翰.安德⽣，我的爱⼈The Tree of Liberty ⾃由树A Red Red Rose⼀朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长My Heart's in the Highland 我的⼼在⾼原P138【Jonathan Swift】乔纳森斯威夫特1) one of the realist writers.2) expresses democratic ideas in his works.3 ) one of the greatest masters of English prose.The Battle of the Books《书战》A Tale of a Tub 《⼀只⽊桶的故事》, one of his greatest satires Pamphlets: The Drapier’s Letters 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal 《⼀个温和的建议》Gulliver’s T ravels 《格列夫游记》：the novel is a bitter satire and harsh criticism of all aspects in the then English and European life philosophically, socially, politically, scientifically, religiously, and morally.Swift: a man intensively critical of his fault, and believing in progress and the goodness of human nature and all the 18th century values.Swif t is one of the greatest masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous.P146【Daniel Defoe】丹尼尔·笛福Pamphleteer 政治宣传册作家Defoe was a kind of jack-of –all-trades. 多才多艺He was a radical nonconformist (不信奉国教的⼈) in religion.His works：Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨孙漂流记》, Captain Singleton , Moll Flanders and Colonel Jacque (adventure)P153【Samuel Richardson】查理孙epistolary novel 书信体⼩说Pamela《帕梅拉》became a “best-seller” of the day .Clarissa is the best of Richardson’s novel.His main achievement as a novelist lies in his technique to show characters as personalities, thinking and feeling for themselves.P156【Henry Fielding】亨利菲尔丁“Father of the English realistic novel”He was the first to give the modern novel its structure and genre (style). Joseph Andrews 《约瑟夫安德鲁斯》The History of Jonathan Wild the Great《伟⼤的乔纳森·王尔德》Tom Jones the Founding《弃⼉汤姆琼斯》H e n r y F i e l d i n g’s m e t h o d o f r e l a t i n g a s t o r y i s t e l l i n g t h e s t o r y d i r e c t l y b y t h ea u t h o r.S a t i r e ab o u n d s e v e r y w h e r e i n h i s w o r k.Fielding is a master of style. His style is easy, smooth and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous.P128【Addison and Steele】The two names linked together because of their life-long friendship and the partnership in literary career.Steele and The Tatler闲谈者Addison and The Spectator旁观者1)They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century. Intheir hands, English essay has completely established itself as a literature genre.2)Literary Term: Free EssayP265【Scott】司各特W a l t e r S c o t t was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. Many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature.O n t h e h i s t o r y o f S c o t l a n dWaverleyOld MortalityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianO n E n g l i s h h i s t o r yIvanhoeO n t h e h i s t o r y o f F r a n c e a n d o t h e r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e sQuentin DurwardP244【Keats】济慈His aesthetic theory of “negative capability”Main Works：Poems，《诗集》，his first book.Five long poemsEndymion,《恩底弥翁》his first long poemIsabella《伊莎贝拉》The Pot of Basil芳⾹的草本植物The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前⼣》Lamia 《莱⽶亚》Hyperion 《赫坡⾥昂》Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Ode To A Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Autumn 秋颂Ode on Melancholy 忧郁颂Ode to Psyche ⼼灵颂Ode on Indolence 懒惰颂【Shelley】雪莱Shelley is one of the greatest English lyrical poets. He expresses his love for freedom and his hatred towards tyranny. Shelley is one of the most important dramatists of English Romanticism. His greatest achievement in theater lies in his poetic drama Prometheus Unbound.His Works：Ode to the West Wind西风颂To a Skylark云雀颂The Cloud云Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗⽶修斯》Queen Mab 麦布⼥王The Masque of Anarchy 《专治魔王的化装游⾏》The Necessity of Atheism《⽆神论的重要性》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》【Byron】拜伦Main Works：Don Juan（Byron’s masterpiece）《唐?璜》Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德?哈罗德游记》When We Two Parted 《昔⽇依依别》She walks in Beauty《她在美中⾏》Poetic Drama:ManfredCainThe Two FoscariOriental Tales：The GiaourThe CorsairLaraB y r o n i c H e r o：a proud revolutionary figure of noble origin, rising single handed against any kind of tyrannic rules in government or religion or moral society with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.His hero is known as “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. . For such a hero, the conflict is usually one of rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions.【Coleridge】柯勒律治In 1797 he began his friendship with Wordsworth. In 1798 they published The Lyrical Ballads.Demonic poems神祗诗The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古⾈⼦吟》Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》ChristabelConversational poems 对话诗Frost at MorningDejection: An OdeEssaysBiographia Literaria ⽂学传记Lectures on Shakespeare.Coleridge is a great Romantic poet. His poetic imagination is unique. He is fond of unusual and supernatural things.【William Wordsworth】威廉·华兹华斯1)L y r i c a l B a l l a d s《抒情歌谣集》f o l l o w e d b y“T h e P r e f a c e t o t h e L y r i c a lB a l l a d s”—s e r v e d a s t h e m a n i f e s t o o f t h e E n g l i s h R o m a n t i c M o v e m e n t i n p o e t r y.2)f a m o u s s h o r t p o e m s：A b o u t n a t u r e：“I w o n d e r e d L o n e l y a s a C l o u d”“独⾃漫游似浮云”，o r“T h eD a f f o d i l s”“咏⽔仙”“I n t i m a t i o n o f I m m o r t a l i t y”“不朽颂”【George Eliot】(Victorian era)She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss , Silas Marner , Middlemarch , and Daniel Deronda , most of themset in provincial England and known for their realism and psychologicalinsight.【Thackeray】1.Thackeray was a representative of critical realists of the 19th century England2.Thackeray is a satirist. His satire is caustic(刻薄的，尖锐的) and hishumor subtle(精妙的).3.Thackeray is a moralist. His aim is to produce a moral impression in all hisnovels.1) The Book of Snobs《势利⼈脸谱》2) Vanity Fair《名利场》(A Novel Without a Hero)3) The History of Pendennis《彭登尼斯》4) The Newcomes《纽克姆⼀家》5) The History of Henny Esmond《亨利?埃斯蒙德》6) The Virginians《弗吉尼亚⼈》P277【Dickens】The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克先⽣外传》Oliver Twist《奥列佛?特维斯特》：FaginNicholas Nickleby《尼古拉斯?尼克尔贝》The Old Curiosity Shop《⽼古玩店》Barnaby Rudge《巴纳⽐?拉奇》American Notes《游美札记》Martin Chuzzlewit《马丁?朱什尔维特》A Christmas Carol《圣诞欢歌》Dombey and Son《董贝⽗⼦》David Copperfield《⼤卫?科波菲尔》Bleak House《荒凉⼭庄》Hard Times《艰难时事》Little Dorrit《⼩杜丽》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》(Dickens takes the French Revolution as the subject of his novel, and the “two cities” are Paris and London in the time of that revolution) Great Expectations《远⼤前程》Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》Dickens’ novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter.【Charlotte Bronte】Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte’s masterpiece, tells the story of an orphan girl.S h i r l e y,《舍丽》V i l l e t t e,《维莱特》【Emily Bronte】Emily Bronte published only one novel, Wuthering Heights .【Jane Austen】简?奥斯丁Works：Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkEmmaNorthanger AbbeyPersuasionRomanticism has five prominent characteristics:1. The Romantic Movement was a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom, which generally tend to fetter the free human spirit.2. Romanticism returned to nature and to plain humanity for its material.3. It is marked by renewed interest in medieval ideals and literature.4. Romanticism was marked by intense human sympathy, an understanding of the human heart. The sympathy for the poor, and the cry against oppression grew stronger.5. The Romantic Movement was the expression of individual genius rather than of established rules.A Comparison Between Byron, Shelley, Keats：1. Under the influence of the ideas behind the revolutions in America,especially in France, all three looked at the world in a new and striking way.Their poetry reflected discontent against outworn tradition and conditions.But their attitudes, resulted from frustrations of their efforts in revoltingagainst the established code and the ugliness of society, are different. Byron turned somewhat pessimistic, even cynical; Keats showed certain aloofness from the interests of worldly life and seemed seeking refuge in an idealistic world of illusions and dreams; only Shelley never lost his optimism. All his life he cherished the hope for a better world.2.All of their poetry excels in imagery. In Byron’s poems, the imagelargely created through allusions; in Keats’s poems they are createdchiefly through elaborate and decorative description of nature, showingthe beauty of line, color, shape, odor and taste; in Shelley’s theexquisiteness of figurative language and symbolism extols 赞美thevisionary scenes, while the spontaneous flow from the poet’s heart isfull of youthful freshness and enthusiasm.3. Their poetry has a powerful musical effect. The stirring rhythms of Byron’s poems grip and hold the reader like martial 战争的music; in Keats’s it is touching melody; Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind is a wild symphony交响乐, and his many other poems are like some ethereal 天上的music, seemly descending from some heavenly place, appealing profoundly to the heart.4.Byron employs a manly and racy有活⼒的style, Shelley’s poetry shows excellence of artistry and the unification of ideas and form; in many aspects, Keats’s the best workman of t hem all. His poetry shows the mastery of artistic form, and the harmony of word and thoughts shows more perfection of artistic finish 完美.Lake Poets 湖畔派诗⼈In English literature Lake Poets refer to such romantic poets as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey who lived in the Lake District. They came to be known as the Lake School or “Lakers”.18～19世纪的英国浪漫主义诗歌流派。
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)country and her patronage of the arts led to a flourishing of literature。
including the works of William Shakespeare。
her Marlowe。
and Ben Jonson.一．中古英语时期XXX in the English language and is XXX of Anglo-Saxon literature。
It is also the oldest surviving epic in the English language。
During the medieval d。
XXX Chaucer。
one of the greatest English poets。
is known for his masterpiece。
The Canterbury Tales。
XXX.二．文艺复兴RenaissanceXXX Renaissance refers to the d een the 14th and mid-17th centuries。
It XXX to the modern world and began in Italy with the flourishing of painting。
sculpture。
and literature before spreading to the rest of Europe。
Humanism was the essence of the Renaissance。
emphasizing that man is the measure of all things。
This d was England's Golden XXX。
with Queen Elizabeth'spatronage of the arts leading to a flourishing of literature。
(完整word版)英国文学史学生复习资料
I.Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (30 points inall, 1.5 point for each)1. ( ) Edmund Spenser A. Women In Love2. ( ) Oliver Goldsmith B. Sense and Sensibility;3. ( ) Laurence Sterne C. Queen Mab4. ( ) Daniel Defoe D. Young Goodman Brown5. ( ) Henry Fielding E. The Portrait of A Lady6. ( ) George Gordon Byron F. The Sound and the Fury7. ( ) Percy Bysshe Shelley G. The Great Gatsby8. ( ) Jane Austen H. For Whom the Bell Tolls9. ( ) Sir Walter Scott I. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage10. ( ) Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell J. The Faerie Queene11. ( ) George Eliot K. Ivanhoe12. ( ) John Galsworthy L. Mary Barton13. ( ) William Shakespeare M. The Forsyte Saga14. ( ) Nathaniel Hawthorne N. Robinson Crusoe15. ( ) Henry James O. Tom Jones16. ( ) Theodore Dreiser P. The Vicar of Wakefield17. ( ) Scott Fitzgerald Q. A Sentimental Journey18. ( ) Ernest Hemingway R. American Tragedy19. ( ) William Faulkner S. Middlemarch20. ( ) David Herbert Lawrence T. Othello1-10 JPQNO ICBKL 11-20 SMTDE RGHFAplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the ______, who migrated to the British Islesabout 600 B.C. .2.The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people before they accepted ______.3.After the Norman conquest, Latin and ______ were the languages of the upper class,spoken at courts and used in churches and schools.4.______ in the 14th century claimed the lives of one third of the whole population in Europe.5.The House of Lancaster and the House of York fought the Thirty Years’ War from 1455 to1485, the House of York using ______ as its emblem.6.The Elizabethan spectators paid a penny to stand throughout the performance in the pitwere called ______.7.Sonnets was first written by the Italian poet ______ who wrote them to a lady named Laura.8.As a philosopher Bacon is praised by Marx as “______” because he stressed the importanceof experience, or experiment.9.Pope translated the entire “______”and half of the “Odyssey”, the other half beingtranslated by two Cambridge scholars.10.The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a ______ poem.1. the Celts2. Christianity3. French4. Black Death5. a white rose6. groundlings7. Petrarch8. the progenitor of English materialism9. Iliad10. mock-heroicIII.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events，whichone of the following is NOT such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture .B. England’s domestic rest.C. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.2._________ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanD. The Holy War3.Generally，the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries，its essence is _________A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism4.Among the representatives of the Enlightenment，who was the first to introduce rationalismto England?A. John BunyanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift5.It is _________ alone who，for the first time in English literature，presented to us acomprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from ail walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gower6.In A Tale of Two Cities, the "two cities" refer to London and _________.A. DublinB. ParisC. New YorkD. Vienna7.The Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge was published in ________.A. 1789B. 1798C. 1829D. 19038._______ is the representative of Aestheticism and Decadence in English literature.A. R. L. StevensonB. Oscar WildeC. Samuel ButlerD. Charles Dickens9.Which of the following novels does not belong to the "stream of consciousness" school ofnovel writing?A. UlyssesB. Mrs. DallowayC. The RainbowD. To the Lighthouse10.The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existenceon a lonely island reflects _________A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrat s’disillusionment of the harsh social reality1-5 BADCA 6-10 DABCCIV.Explain the following literary terms. (12 points in all, 4 points for each)1.Renaissance2.The War of Roses3.Morality PlayV.Chose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (15 points in all,1.5 points for each)A. Find out the author and his work.1.( ) Thomas More a. Gorge Green2.( ) Edmund Spencer b. Eupheus3.( ) John Lyly c. The Fairy Queene4.( ) Christopher Marlowe d. Utopia5.( ) Robert Greene e. The Jew of MaltaB. Find out the work from column on the left and its content from column on theright.6.( ) Il Penseroso a. attack on the censorship7.( ) Lycidas b. defense of the Revolution8.( ) Defense for the English People c. about dear friend9.( ) Areopagitica d. Satan against God10.( ) Paradise Lost e. meditationA. Find out the author and his work.1-5 d c b e aB. Find out the work from column on the left and its content from column on theright.6-10 e c b a dVI.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F in the brackets. (15 points in all, 1.5 points for each)1.( ) The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynwulf.2.( ) The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3.( ) Alfred the Great compiles The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.4.( ) Venerable Bede wrote The Ecclesiastic History of the English people.5.( ) The author of Paraphrase is Caedmon.6.( ) Chaucer’s poetry traces out a path to the literature of English renaissance.7.( ) Being specially fond of the great writer Boccaccio, Chaucer composes a longnarrative poem Filostrato based upon Boccaccio’s poem Troilus and Cressie.8.( ) The 32 pilgrims, according to Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that ofBo ccaccio’s Decameron.9.( ) The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portrayal, the first of itskind in the history of English literature.10.( ) The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15th century ofEngland.1-10 F F T T T T F T F Fplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)11.The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the ______, who migrated to the BritishIsles about 600 B.C. .12.Geoffrey Chaucer, the “______”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England,was born in London in about the year 1340.13.The ______ provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and itcomprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.14.In contradiction to the _______ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose themetrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse.15.The House of Lancaster and the House of York fought the Thirty Years’War from1455 to 1485, the House of York using ______ as its emblem.16.The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of ______ relations andthe establishing of the foundations of capitalism.17.Sonnets was first written by the Italian poet ______ who wrote them to a lady namedLaura.18.As a philosopher Bacon is praised by Marx as “______”because he stressed theimportance of experience, or experiment.19.______ is often referred to as “the poets’ poet”.20.The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a ______ poem.21.Celts 2. Father of English Poetry 3. Prologue 4. Alliterative 5. a white rose 6.feudal7.Petrarch8.the progenitor of English materialism9.Edmund Spencer10. mock-heroicVIII.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.About Edmund Spencer which of the following statements is not true?A. He was educated in Cambridge.B. His father was the Keeper of the Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.C. He interacted with Philip Sidney.D. He wrote “Epithalamion” to his love affair with Elizabeth Boyle2.About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the presentlife.C. They couldn't see the human values in their works.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without anyfreedom and independence.3.In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____.A. the faithfulness of loveB. the spirit of pursuing happinessC. the heroine's great beauty, wit and loyaltyD. both a and b4.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres5.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Othello6.Tempest is a typical example of Shakespeare______ view of life towards human lifeand society in his late years.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. satiricalD. none of the above7.______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England, while ______ brought in blankverse, ie. The unrhymed iambic pentameter line.A. Wyatt…SurreyB. Wyatt…SidneyC. Surrey…SidneyD. Sidney…Spencer8.Christopher Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the ______ andmade it the principal medium of English drama.A. blank verseB. free verseC. sonnetD. alliteration9.Christian is the character in ______.A. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanB. The Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersD. None of the above10.The significance of The Canterbury Tales excludes:A. A comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time.B. The dramatic structure of the poem.C. Chaucer’s humour.D. “Round” characters.11.The ceremony of May Day comes from the tradition of _______.A. The CeltsB. The SaxonsC. The NormansD. The Angles1-5 BBBAD 6-10 AABDAII. Definitions of literary terms (1’×10=10’):1. A group of dramatists active in the 1950s, who believed that human life was meaningless andabsurd and that the world was irrational _____________.[A] the angry young men [B] the beat generation[C] the theatre of the absurd [D] dramatist of black humour2.A long narrative poem about the deeds of some national hero(es) ____________.[A] a lyric [B] an epic[C] a sonnet [D] a satirical poem3. A poem describing the life and love of shepherds and shepherdesses__________.[A] an eclogue [B] a pastoral poem[C] a lyric poem [D] a narrative poem4. The unconscious tendency of a son to be attached to his mother and hostile toward his father_______[A] psychoanalysis [B] Oedipus complex[C] inferiority complex [D] interpretation of dreams5. Works in prose or poetry meant to ridicule and correct the follies and vices of the society and of the individuals ___________.[A] sentimentalism [B] Neo-classicism[C] allegory [D] satire6. Traditionally a song that tells a story which became a form of poetry later __________[A] a folk song [B] a sonnet[C] a ballad [D] romance7. A long piece of poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight _________.[A] romance [B] epic[C] ballad [D] narrative poem or prose8.Two lines of poetry in iambic pentameter rhymed aa ____________.[A] sonnet [B] ballad[C] ode [D] heroic couplet9. Unrhymed poetry in iambic pentameter ____________.[A] free verse [B] blank verse[C] sonnet [D] heroic couplet10. A story in verse or prose with a double meaning, a surface meaning and an under-the-surface meaning ________[A] allegory [B] romance[C] satire [D] ballad1 C2 B 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A1. The technique to describe various thoughts and feelings that pass through the mind _____________.[A] the angry young men [B] stream of consciousness[C] the theatre of the absurd [D] black humour2. Poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight ____________.[A] a romance [B] an epic[C] a sonnet [D] a satirical poem3. A poem describing the life and love of shepherds and shepherdesses__________.[A] a pastoral [B] an eclogue[C] a lyric poem [D] a narrative poem4. The unconscious tendency of a son to be attached to his mother and hostile toward his father_______[A] psychoanalysis [B] Oedipus complex[C] inferiority complex [D] interpretation of dreams5. Works in prose or poetry meant to ridicule and correct the follies and vices of the society and of the individuals ___________.[A] sentimentalism [B] Neo-classicism[C] allegory [D] satire6. Traditionally a song that tells a story which became a form of poetry later __________[A] a ballad [B] a sonnet[C] a folk song [D] romance7. A long piece of poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight _________.[A] romance [B] epic[C] ballad [D] narrative poem or prose8.Two lines of poetry in iambic pentameter rhymed aa ____________.[A] sonnet [B] ballad[C] ode [D] heroic couplet9. Unrhymed poetry in iambic pentameter ____________.[A] free verse [B] blank verse[C] sonnet [D] heroic couplet10. A story in verse or prose with a double meaning, a surface meaning and an under-the-surface meaning ________[A] ballad [B] romance[C] satire [D] allegory1 B2 .A 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.DIII. Matching authors with corresponding works(1’×20=20’)1.Thomas More a. Sons and Lovers2.Geoffrey Chaucer b. Mrs. Dalloway3. Edmund Spenser c. Tess of the D’Urbervilles4. Christopher Marlowe d. Pride and Prejudice5.George Bernard Shaw e. The Pickwick Papers6.Ben Jonson f. Ivanhoe7. John Milton g.Vanity Fair8. Jonathan Swift h.Don Juan9. James Joyce i.Ode to the West Wind10. Richard B. Sheridan j. V olpone11.William Wordsworth k.Samson Agonistes12.George Gordon Byron l.Finnegans Wake13.Percy Bysshe Shelley m.The School for Scandal14.Walter Scott n. Lyrical Ballads15.Charles Dickens o.Widowers’ Houses16. W. M. Thackeray p.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus17.Jane Austen q.Faerie Queene18.Thomas Hardy r.The Canterbury Tales19.D. H. Lawrence s. Utopia20. Virginia Woolf t.Gulliver’s Travels1.s2.r3.q4.p5.o6.j7.k8.t9.l 10.m11.n 12.h 13.i 14.f 15.e 16.g 17.d 18.c 19.a 20.b1.William Shakepeare2.Samuel Johnson3. John Keats4. Christopher Marlowe5.George Bernard Shaw6.Ben Jonson7. John Milton 8.Daniel Defoe9. James Joyce 10. Richard B. Sheridan11.Geofrey Chaucer 12.George Gordon Byron13.Percy Bysshe Shelley 14.Walter Scott15.George Bernard Shaw 16. William Makepeace Thackeray17.Jane Austen 18.Thomas Hardy19.D. H. Lawrence 20. Virginia Woolfa. Tamburlaine the Greatb.A Dictionary of the English Languagec. King Leard. Major Barbarae. Pride and Prejudicef. Ivanhoeg.Vanity Fair h.Don Juani.Promethus Unbound j. V olponek.Samson Agonistes l.Finnegans Wakem.The School for Scandal n. Robinson Crusoeo..Widowers’ Houses p.Sons and Loversq.To the Lighthouse r.Tess of the D’Urbervilless.Ode to the Nightingale t.The Canterbury Tales1.c2.b3.s4.a5.o6.j7.k8.n9.l 10.m 11.t 12.h 13.i 14.f 15.d 16.g 17.e 18.r 19.p 20.qIV Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (2’×10=20’)12.About Edmund Spencer which of the following statements is not true?A. He was educated in Cambridge.B. His father was the Keeper of the Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.C. He interacted with Philip Sidney.D. He wrote “Epithalamion” to his love affair with Elizabeth Boyle13.About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the presentlife.C. They couldn't see the human values in their works.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without anyfreedom and independence.14.In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____.A. the faithfulness of loveB. the spirit of pursuing happinessC. the heroine's great beauty, wit and loyaltyD. both a and b15.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres16.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Othello1-5 BBBAD6．In A Tale of Two Cities, the "two cities" refer to London and _________.A. DublinB. ParisC. New YorkD. Vienna7．The Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge was published in ________.A. 1789B. 1798C. 1829D. 19038．_______ is the representative of Aestheticism and Decadence in English literature.A. R. L. StevensonB. Oscar WildeC. Samuel ButlerD. Charles Dickens9．Which of the following novels does not belong to the "stream of consciousness" school of novel writing?A. UlyssesB. Mrs. DallowayC. The RainbowD. To the Lighthouse10．The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence on a lonely island reflects _________A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrats’disillusionment of the harsh social reality6-10 DABCCV. Essay Questions (30%; choose only ONE of the following five topics and write a short essay of at least 200 words.)1. How much do you know about the English literature in the Victorian period?pare any two periods in the history of English literature with reference to ideological tendencies and literary trends (Find out their similarities and differences by using major writers as examples).3.Describe how your knowledge of English literature is improved after taking this course.4.Analyze why in English literature Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright or why Dickens is regarded as the greatest novelist.5. Why is Thomas Hardy often regarded as a transitional writer?6．How much do you know about Romanticism?7. How much do you know about the Enlightenment Movement and Neoclassicism?8. Analyze the characteristics of the Renaissance period and the Victorian age.9. Discuss why Dickens is regarded as the greatest novelist in English Literature10.Through Hamlet in Hamlet, please analyze the theme of this novel.11. What is Utopia about?12.What is the social significance of The Canterbury TalExplain the following literary terms. (18 points in all, 6 points for each)4.The Rising of 13815.John Locke6.Humanism。
英国文学史考试内容
英国⽂学史考试内容3. Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.4. Chaucer composed a long narrative poem named Troilus and Gressie based on Boccaccio’s poem Filostrato.6. The Canterbury Tales contains the general prologue and 24 hours, two of which left unfinished.7. Chaucer employed the heroic couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales.8. __Romance___ is the most prevailing literary form in the Middle Age.1. What are the Chaucer’s contributions to English literature?①Chaucer, for the first time in English literature, presents to the readers a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and describes a series of vivid characters from all walks of life in The Canterbury Tales.②Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse. He is the first to use the rhymed couplets of iambic pentameter, which is to be called the heroic couplet.③Chaucer affirms men’s and women’s right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism ( avoiding physical pleasures and comforts). He praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life and he exposes and satirizes the social vices, including the corruption of the Church.④Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the current English. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. Chaucer uses London dialect in his writings and the contributes to making it the foundation for modern English speech.2. What are the essential features of romance in the medieval English literature?The romance was the prevailing form of literature in the Middle Ages. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, Its essential features are:①. it lacks general resemblance to truth or reality.②It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues.③. It contains perilous adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.④. It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady.⑤. The central character of the romance is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. He is commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. He is devoted to the church and the king.4.What is the significance of The Canterbury Tales?①In his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer gives us a faithful picture of the society of his time, ② Taking the standard of the rising bourgeoisie, he affirms men and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the Church. ③ As a forer unner of humanism, he praise man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. His tales expose and satirize the evils of his time. They attack the degeneration of the noble, the heartlessness of the judge, and the corruption of the Church. The first to present a comprehensive and realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.4. Bacon’s style has three prominent qual ities: __directness_, __terseness_ and __forcefulness.5. Hamlet, Othello, King and __Macbeth___ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.6.___Humanism_ is the essence of the Renaissance.※1. Sonnet: A lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: (1) The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet falls into two main parts: an octave rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet rhyming cdecde or some variant, such as cdccdc. (2) The Earl of Surrey and other English experimenters in the 16th century also developed a stanza form called the English sonnet, or else the Shakespearean sonnet. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Edmund Spenser linked each quatrain to thenext by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee.2. English Renaissance:The Renaissance refers to the transitional period from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the14th century. The Renaissance means rebirth or revival. It was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classics, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation, and the economic expansion. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance. The English Renaissance did not begin until the reign of Henry VIII. It was regarded as England’s Golden Age, especially in literature. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. This period produced such literary giants as Shakespeare, Spenser, Marlowe, Bacon, etc.5. Give a brief analysis of Shylock, a character in Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of V enice.Shylock is a Jewish usurer, and he is a tragic-comic character in the play.①He is comic because he finally becomes the one punished by his own evil deed. He is a typical merchant to be made fun of. He is avaricious. He accumulates as much wealth as he can and he even equates his lost daughter with his lost money. He is also cruel. In order to revenge, he would rather claim a pound of flesh from his enemy Antonio than get back his loan.②On the other hand, Shylock is also a tragic figure. He is the victim of the society. He is a Jew. As a minor nationality, he is not treated equally by the society. The law is harsh to him. He has to make as much money as he can in order to protect himself. He is abused by Antonio, and therefore, he wants to get revenge.3. In 1637 Milton wrote the finest pastoral elegy in English, ____Lycidas_, to memorize the tragic death of a Cambridge friend.4. __John Bunyan_ wrote his masterpiece _Pilgrim’s Progress__ during his second imprisonment and it is the most successful __religious allegory__ in the English language.5. John Donne is the founder of the school of _metaphysical poetry_. His works are characterized by mysticism in content and fantastically in form.Passage 1One short sleep past, we wake eternallyAnd death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt dieA. Identify the poet and the poem _John Donne Death, Be Not Proud______B. What does the phrase “one short sleep” mean? ______death__________________C. What idea do these two lines express?It reveals Donne’s belief in life after death. Here death is compared to rest or sleep. Death is butmomentarily while happiness after death is eternal.Passage 2..“ To wage by force or guile eternal war,Irreconcilable to our grand For.”By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God? ____D_____A. by planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.B. by turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man’s life.C. by removing God from his throneD. by corrupting man and woman created by GodPassage 3.But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to theeA. Identify the poem and the poet. ______________________________B. What does the word “this” refers to? ___the poetry_________________________C. What idea does this stanza express?A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry2. The _Enlightenment__ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.4. Of all the 18th century novelists, __Henry Fielding_ was the first to set out in theory and practice, to write specially a“___comic epic in prose__,” and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.6. In writing plays the neo-classical writers used ___heroic couplet_____ instead of blank verse. They observed the three unities of time, place and action.9. The Talter and __The Spectator_ were Richard Steele and Joseph Addison’s chief contribution to English literature.10. Pamela is the first __epistolary_ novel in English literature.15. The more notable of the Gothic novels are __The Castle of Otranto__(1765) by Horace Walpole and __The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliff. The mysterious element plays an enormous role in the Gothic novel; it is so replete with bloodcurdling scenes and unatural feelings that it is justly called ___a novel of horrors__16. ___Samuel Johnson___ is the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman-----Dictionary of the English language, which had become the foundation of all subsequent English dictionaries.Passage one“ The boast of heraldry, the pomp of po wer,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.”Questions:19. Identify the author and the title of the poem which this passage is taken.__Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard_ _____Thomas Gray_____________20. What does the phrase “inevitable hour” mean? _______death____________21. Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.The passage is about man’s inevitable death. No matter what family you are from, wha t power you have got, what beauty and wealth you have possessed, you should feel conceited or self-important. For sooner or later you will have to leave these material things behind; you cannot bring them all into the other world when you die. Since death awaits everyone and your glorious life leads you only to the grave, what is the use of fighting for all those material interests?Passage 2“Most mighty Emperor of Lilliput, delight and terror of he universe, whose dominions extend five thousand blustrugs (about twelve miles in circumference) to the extremities of the globe; Monarch of all monarchs; taller than the sons of men; whose feet press down to the center, and whose head strikes against the sun; at whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees; pleasant as spring, comfortable as summer, fruitful as autumn, dreadful as winter.”Questions:22. Identify the work and the author Jonathan Swift; Gulliver’s Travels___23. What is the tone of the author? _____Satirical______________________24. What does the author parody here?By presenting the Lilliputian’s exaggerated compliments to their king, Swift parodies absurdly an arrogant style of the Englishmen(or the Europeans) in their speeches to their God or their monarchs.25. Satire: Satire is generally considered as a literary form in which humor, exaggeration or ridicule is used to bring to the forefront an individual or societal vice, folly, abuse or shortcoming. Its purpose, ideally, although humorous and entertaining, is to shine a light on the subject and invoke change.28. Comment on the features of the neoclassical literature.①In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.②According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers and those of the contemporary French ones. ③Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satire or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be and adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented. Besides the elegant poetic structure and diction, the neoclassical poetry was also noted for its seriousness and earnestness in tone and constant didacticism.④Mock epic, romance, satire and epigram were popular forms adopted by poets of the time.1.As an age of romantic enthusiasm, the Romantic Age began in 1798 when __ Wordsworth _ and _ Coleridge published _ Lyrical Ballads and ended in 1832 when __ Walter Scott__ died.2. Romanticism was in effect a revolt of the English __imagination_____ against the neoclassical __reason____3. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage contains __four__ cantos, which is written in the _Spenserian stanza. It teems with all kinds of recognizable features of Romantic poetry.5. Ode to a Nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of _ natural loveliness and human world of __ agony.6. Ode on a Grecian Urn shows the contrast between the __ permanence of art and the _ transience___ of human passion.9. Walt Scott is considered as “the father of _the _historical novel____” which opens up to fiction the rich and lively realm of history.11. The main idea running through the dramatic poem Prometheus Unbound is that of __freedom_______.12. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. The major Romantic poets such as Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the Neoclassical literature, which as later regarded as ___poeticrevolution_____Passage OneWild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and Preserver;hear, O hear!13. Identify the poem and the poet. Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind14. What is the “Wild Spirit”? It refers to the West Wind or “breath of Autumn’s being”15. What does the “Wild Spirit”destroy and preserve? It destroys things that are dead; it preserves new life represent new life or new birth.16. The stanza used in this ode was developed by the poet from the interlaced three-line units of the Italian __terzarima____, Shelley’s stanza consists of a set of four such tercets, closed by a couple rhyming with the middle line of the preceding tercet: __ ___.Passage TwoFor oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils17. Identify the poem and the poet.18. What is the recurrent central image in this poem?Daffodile19. Explain in a few words “that inward eye/Which is the bliss of solitude?The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is solitude.。
大学英国文学考试题及答案
大学英国文学考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学中，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 下列哪部作品不是简·奥斯汀所著？A. 《傲慢与偏见》B. 《理智与情感》C. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》D. 《呼啸山庄》答案：D3. 威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中，主人公哈姆雷特的著名独白是：A. “生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题。
”B. “人生如梦，一切皆虚妄。
”C. “听我说，霍拉旭，我将讲述一个故事。
”D. “我将归来，我的爱人。
”答案：A4. 以下哪位诗人是浪漫主义时期的代表人物？A. 约翰·多恩B. 托马斯·哈代C. 威廉·华兹华斯D. 约翰·弥尔顿答案：C5. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是由哪位英国作家创作的？A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A6. 以下哪部作品是查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作？A. 《大卫·科波菲尔》B. 《简·爱》C. 《呼啸山庄》D. 《远大前程》答案：A7. “To be, or not to be, that is the question” 是哪部戏剧中的台词？A. 《麦克白》B. 《李尔王》C. 《哈姆雷特》D. 《奥赛罗》答案：C8. 以下哪部作品是托马斯·哈代的“威塞克斯系列”之一？A. 《德伯家的苔丝》B. 《简·爱》C. 《呼啸山庄》D. 《远大前程》答案：A9. “Do not go gentle into that good night” 是哪位诗人的诗句？A. 约翰·济慈B. 威廉·华兹华斯C. 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝D. 珀西·比希·雪莱答案：C10. 下列哪部作品是乔治·奥威尔的反乌托邦小说？A. 《动物农场》B. 《1984》C. 《美丽新世界》D. 《我们》答案：B二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述约翰·弥尔顿的《失乐园》中，撒旦的形象及其对人类历史的影响。
专业英语英国文学与概论期末考试答题及答案
Hamlet—ShakespeareHumanism: broke the tradition of the medieval period. Humanist writers are concerned with worldly subjects rather than strictly religious themes and they glorify human beings, regarding them as measure of all things and most potential in the world.Hamlet is the most representative of Shakespeare‟s creations and the summit of the renaissance drama. It is not a simple revenge play, but a tragedy of humanist ideals crushed by cruel reality. It addresses the fundamental question of the meaning of human existence, with hamlet‟s meditation on life and death at the centre. It portrays the social realities in England at the end of 16th century and the start of the 17th century. For Shakespeare—a Christian—the choice between good and evil represents man‟s basic dilemma; for him, the human are indomitable. Though fate may ultimately win, a man must fight to the death, if necessary, in order to remain the master of his own choices—that ultimately decide if and how his fate defeats him.Paradise lost—John MiltonIambic pentameter in blank verse and including seven parts‟ the creation‟, …the main idea of the poem is the heroic revolt against God‟s authority. In the poems, god is no better than a selfish tyrant. This poem expresses the reactionary forces of his time and shows passionate appeal for freedom. The theme is also about the fall of the man: man‟s disobedience and the loss of Paradise. But having done it, Adam and eve get freedom. Concerned with the social upheavals of the time, Milton defended the English Commonwealth through this book.The English revolution was carried out under a religious cloak. So the English revolution is also called the Puritan revolution, which aimed to make man free.Robinson Crusoe—Daniel DefoeIt is an early tale of European colonial experience. The relationship between Crusoe and Friday is a touchstone for critiques of the cultural representation of colonialism.In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe imagines a true-born Englishman fulfilling his fantasy. Throughout the novel, Defoe makes clear that a man's power over himself and nature depends upon ceaseless labor —this is the secret to the colonial project.Romanticism: the core is individuality, subjectivity and spontaneity. It can be seen as a rejection of the percepts of neo-classicism and some to extent against Enlightenment. It believes in a return to nature and in the innate goodness of humans. They emphasized intuition over reason. Like Wordsworth says, “the good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.I wandered lonely as a cloud—William Wordsworth“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism.The whole poem contains four stanzas of six lines each. In each stanza, the first line rhymes with the third and the second with the fourth. The stanza then ends with a rhyming couplet. Besides, the lines in the poem are in iambic tetrameter that emphasized the excitement and movement when a lonely heart was integrated into Nature. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth had been trying to call human back to nature and enjoy the beauty of spiritual richness by his works, such as this short lyric.A red, red rose—Robert burnsThis is one of the best of Burns‟ love poems. Theme: Burns clearly states and restates the theme: The speaker loves the young lady beyond measure. The only way he can express his love for her is through vivid similes and hyperbolic comparisons.The poem takes the form of the ballad stanza, including quatrains with iambic alternating pentameter and trimester line and with rhymes falling of the 2nd and 4th lines of each stanza. It is also abundant with metaphors, Simile in first stanza, hyperbole in second and third stanza and repetition in the last stanza.Ode to the west wind--Percy Bysshe ShelleyIn iambic pentameter, it consists of five cantos written in terza rima, with each canto of four three-line stanzas (aba, bcb, cdc, ded) and a rhyming couplet.To the poet, the west wind, powerful as it is, is not merely a natural phenomenon. It is a …spirit‟, the “breath of Autumn‟being”that can spread messages of freedom far and wide, that both destroys and preserves the revival in the spring.(the west wind is considered the …destoryer‟ who send leaves to their burial and the preserver who encourage the seed‟ spring.) Shelley fuse in this poem a note of optimism for a promising future for humanity as is shown in the last lines of this poem” when winter comes, can spring be far behind?”When we two parted--George Gordon ByronIt was written in 8-line stanza with no meter but rhymed in the way …abababab‟. In the poem, byron make use of the form of monologue and meditates upon the present and the past and expresses the feelings and emotions of a man who lost his love. The feelings and emotions expressed are sincere and touching. The repetition of …silence and tears‟ makes the poem a whole, emphasizing that his feelings and emotions of the present are as they were in the past.。
英语学习_英国文学试题_必备
学院专业班级学号学生姓名弃我去者，昨日之日不可留乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧英美文学史及选读样题：英国文学部分试卷 A （A/B/C）考试方式闭卷（闭卷/开卷）考试时间（120分钟）题号一二三四五六总分得分一、选择题（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题末的括号中）（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）1.Beowulf is a ___ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society.A. paganB. ChristainC. romanticD. lyric2.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensiverealistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery ofvivid characters from all walks of life is most likely___.A. William Langland’s Piers the PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight3.Which of the following plays does NOT belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?A. OthelloB. MacbethC. Romeo and JulietD. Hamlet4.Which of the following poetic forms is the principle form of Shakespeare’s drama?A. lyricB. sonnetC. blank verseD. quatrain5.Which of the following statements best illustrate the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.6.Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels?A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. LaputaD. Houyhnhnms7.Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe?A.It is written in the autobiographical form.B.It is a record of Defoe’s own experiences.C.Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island.D.It is set in the middle of the 17th century.8.Many of Burn s’songs deal with friendship.____ has long become a universalparting-song of all the English speaking countries.A. A Red, Red RoseB. Auld Lang SyneC. My Heart’s in the HighlandsD. John Anderson, My Jo9.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by___.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Shelley10.“If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is taken from___A. The Solitary ReaperB. Ode to the West WindC. To AutumnD. Song to the Man of England11.The revolutionary Romantic poet___ went to Greece to help that country in itsstruggle for liberty and died of fever there.A. ShelleyB. ByronC. KeatsD. Burns12.At the beginning of Pride and Prejudice, the attitude of Darcy and Elizabethtoward each other is that of ___.A. mutual affectionB. mutual repulsionC. mutual hatredD. mutual indifference得分学院专业班级学号学生姓名13.“Ode to the West Wind” is concluded with ____ mood.A. triumphant and hopefulB. pessimistic and skepticalC. desperate and sadD. indifferent14.The following are the common characters shared by the three Bronte sistersEXCEPT___.A. unmarriedB. literaryC. talentedD. dying young15.___ is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist.A. W.B. Yeats B. John GalsworthyC. James JoyceD. G.B Shaw二、填空（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，总计20分）1. Chaucer employed the_______ couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterburytales.2.Shakespeare’s plays have been traditionally divided into four categories accordingto dramatic type: histories, _______, tragedies and romances.3. A Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three quatrains and aconcluding________.4.John Donne is the founder of the school of__________. His works arecharacterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.5. John Milton’s Paradise Lost opens with the description of a meeting among thefallen angels, and ends with the departure of Adam and_____from the Garden ofEden.6.“ Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the roacks melt wi’ the sun:I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands of life shall run”The above lines are taken from the famous poem “_________________________”.7.In Gulliver’s Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living in__________________.8. As an age of romantic enthusiasm, the Romantic Age began in 1798 whenWordsworth and __________________published Lyrical Ballads9.___________are generally regarded as Keats’ most important and mature works.10.Wuthering Heights is written by___________. It is a morbid story of love, but apowerful attack on the bourgeois marriage system. It shows true love ion a classsociety is impossible of attainment.三、诗歌分析（本大题共4个小题，每小题分值见各小题，共20分）Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed--and gazed--but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:1．Who is the poet of this part of a poem? What is the title of the poem?(4分)2．What is the meter and rhyme of each stanza? （4分3.Analyze the rhythm of the second stanza (The first line is done as a model).(5分) 得分得分学院专业班级学号学生姓名_ / _ / _ / _ /The waves | beside | them danced; | but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed--and gazed--but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:4.Translate the second stanza into Chinese in verse form.（7分）四、小说分析（本大题共5个小题，每小题分值见每小题，共20分）I came down as soon as I thought there was a prospect of breakfast. Entering the roomvery softly, I had a view of him before he discovered my presence. It was mournful, indeed,to witness the subjugation of that vigorous spirit to a corporeal infirmity. He sat in hischair--still, but not at rest: expectant evidently; the lines of now habitual sadness markinghis strong features. His countenance reminded one of a lamp quenched, waiting to bere-lit-- and alas! it was not himself that could now kindle the lustre of animated expression:he was dependent on another for that office! I had meant to be gay and careless, but thepowerlessness of the strong man touched my heart to the quick: still I accosted him withwhat vivacity I could."It is a bright, sunny morning, sir," I said. "The rain is over and gone, and there is atender shining after it: you shall have a walk soon."I had wakened the glow: his features beamed."Oh, you are indeed there, my sky-lark! Come to me. You are not gone: not vanished?I heard one of your kind an hour ago, singing high over the wood: but its song had nomusic for me, any more than the rising sun had rays. All the melody on earth isconcentrated in my Jane's tongue to my ear (I am glad it is not naturally a silent one): allthe sunshine I can feel is in her presence."The water stood in my eyes to hear this avowal of his dependence; just as if a royaleagle, chained to a perch, should be forced to entreat a sparrow to become its purveyor.But I would not be lachrymose: I dashed off the salt drops, and busied myself withpreparing breakfast.Most of the morning was spent in the open air. I led him out of the wet and wild woodinto some cheerful fields: I described to him how brilliantly green they were; how theflowers and hedges looked refreshed; how sparklingly blue was the sky. I sought a seat forhim in a hidden and lovely spot, a dry stump of a tree; nor did I refuse to let him, whenseated, place me on his knee. Why should I, when both he and I were happier near thanapart? Pilot lay beside us: all was quiet. He broke out suddenly while clasping me in hisarms -"Cruel, cruel deserter! Oh, Jane, what did I feel when I discovered you had fled fromThornfield, and when I could nowhere find you; and, after examining your apartment,ascertained that you had taken no money, nor anything which could serve as an equivalent!A pearl necklace I had given you lay untouched in its little casket; your trunks were leftcorded and locked as they had been prepared for the bridal tour. What could my darling do,I asked, left destitute and penniless? And what did she do? Let me hear now."Thus urged, I began the narrative of my experience for the last year. I softened 得分学院专业班级学号学生姓名considerably what related to the three days of wandering and starvation, because to havetold him all would have been to inflict unnecessary pain: the little I did say lacerated hisfaithful heart deeper than I wished.I should not have left him thus, he said, without any means of making my way: Ishould have told him my intention. I should have confided in him: he would never haveforced me to be his mistress. Violent as he had seemed in his despair, he, in truth, loved mefar too well and too tenderly to constitute himself my tyrant: he would have given me halfhis fortune, without demanding so much as a kiss in return, rather than I should have flungmyself friendless on the wide world. I had endured, he was certain, more than I hadconfessed to him."Well, whatever my sufferings had been, they were very short," I answered: and then Iproceeded to tell him how I had been received at Moor House; how I had obtained theoffice of schoolmistress, &c. The accession of fortune, the discovery of my relations,followed in due order. Of course, St. John Rivers' name came in frequently in the progressof my tale. When I had done, that name was immediately taken up."This St. John, then, is your cousin?""Yes.""You have spoken of him often: do you like him?""He was a very good man, sir; I could not help liking him.""A good man. Does that mean a respectable well-conducted man of fifty? Or whatdoes it mean?""St John was only twenty-nine, sir."1．From what novel is this passage chosen? Who is the author of the novel? (2分)2．Here Mr. Rochester’s vigorous spirit has changed to a corporeal infirmity. According tothe novel, what has happened to him? （4分）3．W hy did Mr. Rochester call Jane “Cruel, cruel deserter”?(4 分)4．According to the novel, what was her experience for the last year?( 5分)5．What can you learn from her and him or from the whole novel? (5分)五、文学术语解释（共5个术语，每个2分，共10分）1．Ballad:2．Couplet:3．Soliloquy:得分学院专业班级学号学生姓名4．Elegy:5．Lyric:六、简答题（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）ment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.2.What are the unique features of Shakespeare’s sonnets?3．What are the themes of Pride and Prejudice?得分。
英国文学史及选读试题及答案
英国文学史及选读试题Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分）1.______ was respected as “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.A.William ShakespeareB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. John MiltonD.John Donne2.In terms of influence upon England, ____ brought French civilization and French language to England.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. RomansC. Anglo-NormansD. Teutons3. According to Thomas More, “it was a time when sheep devoured men”. It refers to____.A. IndustrializationB. Religious ReformationC. Commercial ExpansionD. Enclosure Movement4. It was ____who introduced sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Edmund SpenserD. Philip Sidney5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare’s tragedies?A. HamletB. King LearC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Othello6. In 1649 ____ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.A.James IB. Henry VIIIC. Elizabeth ID. Charles I7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong?A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry.B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit.C. John Donne usually employs traditional and regular poetic form.D. His attitudes toward love are both positive and negative.8. Friday in The Adventuous of Robinson Crosue can be termed as EXCEPT____.A. a kind-hearted personB. a person with colonial mindC. a smart personD. a friendly person9. Thomas Gray is the representative of _____.A. SentimentalismB. Pre-RomanticismC. RomanticismD. English Renaissance10. William Blake’s ____is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world,though not without its evils and sufferings.A.Poetical SketchesB. The Book of ThelC. Songs of ExperienceD. Songs of Innocence11. ____, the national peasant poet in Scotland, and his poem____ shows his passionate love for his Beloved.A.William Blake, LodonB. William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a CloudC. Robert Burns, A Red, Red RoseD. Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne12. English Romanticism begins with____ and ends with____.A. the publication of Lyrical Ballads, John Keats’s deathB. French Revolution, Walter Scott’s deathC. the publication of Lyrical Ballads, Walter Scott’s deathD. Industrialization, John Keats’s death13. ____ are named as Lake Poets and Escapist Romanticists.A. Wordsworth, Shelley and KeatsB. Wordsworth, Byron and ShelleyC. Wordsworth, Coleridge and ShelleyD. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey14. Which of the following statement is NOT correct?A. Romantic literature is decidely an age of poetry.B. Dramma was fully developed during the Romantic period.C. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeoise society.D. Romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.Personified nature plays animportant role in the pages of their works.15. ____ was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in latter English fiction.A.Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC. Charles DickensD. Jane Austen16. King ____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, which is knownas Religious Reformation.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID.Elizabetha I17. ____ was honored as Poet Laureate.A. ByronB. P. B ShelleyC. John KeatsD. William Wordsworth18. John Milton’s Paradise Lost is based on the story of ____.A. Greek MythologyB. Roman MythologyC. Old TestamentD. New Testament19. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties_____A. the Whigs and the ToriesB. the Senate and the House of RepresentativesC. the upper House and lower HouseD. the House of Lords and the House of Representatives20.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by __.A. William WordsworthB. P. B. ShelleyC. George ByronD. John KeatsⅡ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chinese into English) （1′×10=10分）1．iambic pentameter 2. heroic couplet 3. antagonist 4. soliloquy 5. sonnet6. 无韵体诗7. 民谣8. 伏笔, 铺垫9. 诗节10. 清教主义III. Identify the author and title of the literary work (2′×5=10分)1.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.2.Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.3.All is not lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?4. Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun:I will love thee still, my dear,While the sands o’ life shall run.5. And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodilsIV. Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, the features and representative figures or significance) (5′×4=20分)1. English Renaissance2. English Enlightenment3. Pre-Romanticism4. Metaphysical PoetryV. Interpreting the following texts(20′×2=40分)Text 1The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. (stanza 1)The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,The swallow twittering from the straw-bulit shed,The cock’s shrill clarion, or the echoing horn,No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. (stanza 5)Questions:1.Identify the author and the title of this poem (2分)2.Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved) (3分)3.Explain the underlined words (4分)4.What is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it? (3分)5.Stanza 5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples. (6分)6.Point out the rhetorical devices in the above poem (2分)Text 2I wander through each chartered street,Near where the chartered Thames does flow,And mark in every face I meetMarks of weakness, marks of woe.In every cry of every man,In every infant's cry of fear,In every voice, in every ban,The mind-forged manacles I hear.How the chimney-sweeper's cryEvery blackening church appals;And the hapless soldier's sighRuns in blood down palace walls.Questions:1.Explain the underlined words. (5分)2.Identify the poetic form (3分)3.This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines? (4分)4.Understand “chartered street and chartered Thames” and “Mind-forged manacles”? (4分)5.Please analyze the images of “Chimney-sweeper” and “soldier’s sigh”. (4分)英国文学史及作品选读（模拟试题一）参考答案Ⅰ. Multiple Choice1.__B__2.___C_3.__D__4.__A__5.__C___6.__D__7.__C__8.__B__9.__A__ 10.__D___11.__C__ 12.__C__ 13.__D__ 14.__B__ 15.__D__16.__B__ 17.__D__ 18.__C__ 19.__A__ 20.__B__Ⅱ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chineseinto English)1.抑扬格五音步2. 英雄双韵体3.反面人物4.独白5.十四行6.blank verse7.ballads8.foreshadowing9. stanza 10. PuritanismIII. Identify the author and title of the literary work1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 182. Francis Bacon Of Studies3. John Milton Paradise Lost4. Robert Burns A Red, Red Rose5.William Wordsworth I Wandered Lonely as a CloudIV. Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, the features and representative figures or significance)1.English RenaissanceIt sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It made its appearance in England in the 16th and 17th centuries. It means the rebirth of Greek and Roman culture. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another one is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English Reanaissance.2. English EnlightenmentThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as theEnlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempt to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual needs and requirements of people. English enlighteners differed in some way from those of France “cleared the minds of men for the coming revolution,”the English enlighteners set no revolutionary aims before them.They stove to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideas with the bourgeois ideology. The representatives are Joseph Addison, Richard Steele (essayists), Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift (novelists), and Alexander Pope (poet).3. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival.It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-Romanticism in poetry. William Blake and Robert Burns are the representatives.4. Metaphysical PoetryMetaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the leading figure of the “metaphysical school.”V. Interpreting the following textsText 11.Thomas Gray Elergy Written in a Country Churchyard2. Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved)ˇThe `cur/ˇfew `tolls/ ˇthe `knell/ ˇof `par/ˇting `day,/ aThe lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea, bThe plowman homeward plods his weary way, aAnd leaves the world to darkness and to me. bIt is written in iambic pentameter, rhymed abab3. Explain the underlined wordsCurfew: evening bell lea: meadow plods: walks with heavy steps lowly bed: grave4.What is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it?Tone: gloomy and melancony through imagery, long vowels and diphthongs5.Stanza 5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples.Visual image: strw-built shedAuditory image: cock’s clarion, echoing hornTactile image: breezy call6.Point out the rhetorical devices in the above poemTransferred epithet and EuphemismText 26.Explain the underlined words.Chartered: possessed as the private property marks; signs ban: ProhibitionAppals: shocks hapless: unfortunate7.Identify the poetic formIt is written in iambic tetrameter, rhymed abab.ˇI `wan/ˇder `through/ ˇeach `char/ˇtered `street,/ˇNear `where/ˇthe `char/ˇtered `Thames/ ˇdoes `flow/8.This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines?Parallelism and repetition every is repeated five times in stanza 29.Understand “chartered street and chartered Thames” and “Mind-forged manacles”?chartered street and chartered Thames show the outlook of English bourgeoisie, their extreme greedMind-forged manacles mean that people under political white terror, they are bonded physically and mentally. They have no freedom in their mind.10.Please analyze the images of “Chimney-sweeper” and “soldier’s sigh”.Chimney-sweeper: to expose the hypocrisy of the churchSolider’s sigh: they are forced to fight for their country, but their blood runs along the palace wall.The war is full of cruelty. So they give the sigh。
大学英语专业英国文学史 考试简答题
PartⅤ The 17th centuryThe Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Donne1 What are the characteristics and representatives of the English literature of the revolution period, the metaphysical period and restoration period?A.The revolution period, Puritans believed in simplicity of life and disapproved ofthe sonnets and the love poetry, and they influence in general tended to suppressed literary art.Representatives：John Milton，John BunyanB.The metaphysical （玄学派）period, the style became spiritual gloom. Representatives：Donne and Herbert；John MiltonC．The restoration period, the literary was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical.Representatives：John Dryden2 In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《告别：莫忧伤》”, why does the speaker forbid mourning when his going to pass away and leave his lover? Why and what are the two conceits （比喻）that he uses to describe their perfect love?A.Although they may leave each other, yet they love is firm and forever, and soul lovers cannot be separated by distance and death. Besides，death is natural just like earthquake.B. First conceit（like gold to airy thinness beat）, their souls are like gold, it can expand and their love still exit.Second conceit(as stiff tein com, they are like compasses are two), one moving and anther stay and wait for the companion.3 In “Death be not proud”(死神莫骄妄), what will happen to us when we die？why does the speaker say that “death should not be proud”? When will death die?A. It will be rest and sleep flow with much pleasure when we die，and our souls will be released.B.Because it is a slave of fate, chance, kings and desperate man and death is together with poison,war,sickness and opium or charms. And these things can make us sleep like the death, and the effect is better than death. Death for people is a soul’s delivery, and after death people will feel free and pleased. Although people die, yet they wake eternally, and their souls are exiting forever.C.When people’s short sleep past, people wake eternally, and death n o longer exist and death will die.John Milton1 In what way is John Milton a staunch(坚定的)revolution fighter and a great poet?A.When he was in Italy, he heard the trouble sprung up in England, and he gave up his plan for travelling and went back to England. After he return to England, he opposed the monarchic party and gave all his energy to the writing of pamphlets小册子dedicated to the people’s liberties.B.After finishing the university course，he thought he was born to be a poet.So for five years he lived at home in his father’s country house at Horton about 20 miles from London,writing poetry and studying hard,in order better to fit himself for his work.He worked for 7years upon Paradise Lost.And he also wrote Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.The three works made him a great poet.2What is the theme of Paradise Lost ?What is the basic idea of Paradise Lost? Theme:？？？？？The basic idea:the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom.3 In Paradise Lost, why was Satan punished by God driven out of heaven and at last into hell? What did he want to do for revenge? And what was his reason? What is the allegorical meaning of the poem?A.Because Satan led the mutinous(反叛的) angels to rise against God himself but inthe battle with the hosts of angels that remained true to God, they were finally defeated.B.Satan wanted to ruin God’s precious creation (man).C.So he wanted to tear Adam and Eve away from the influence of God and to makethem instrumental in his struggle against God’s authority.D.God represents authority and tyranny on earth,he has strong rights to controlanything .Satan represents the power of revolting against authority and desire for freedom.3 In the Sonnet On His Blindness, what is the double meaning of “talent”? What is “mine” question? And what is the answer given by patience? What is the theme of the Sonnet?A.The “talent” means :ability and a kind of currency unitB.Question is that God does not give us light, and why I will bear it?(‘Doth Godexact day-labor,light denied?’)C.Patience answers that God does not need gift, and go and climb without rest orstand and wait is also a service.(‘God doth not need either man’s work or his own gifts;who best bear his mild yoke,they serve him best)D.Theme:If you have talents,you should make full use of it. and your pain will bediminished and you will be peaceful and calm.You can use your talent to live a meaningful life.John Banyan1 What is “allegory”? In what way is Banyan The Pilgrim’s Progress is allegory? What are the literal meaning and symbolic meaning of the work?A.Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which the characters, actions or settingsrepresent abstract ideas general truth or moral qualities, and a story that has two meanings, literal and symbolic.B.The literal meaning: Christian’s pilgrimage from the city of Destruction to theHoly CityThe symbolic meaning:religious people,people should follow Christian’sexample.And it reflects the society and culture.2 In the part Vanity Fair, what is the Vanity Fair? What are sold and brought atthe VF? What do Christian and his companion Faithful want to buy? How are they treated as a fair? What is the meaning of this excerpt?A.Vanity fair is a name of a town and there is a fiar kept.B.Everything in vanity is can be sold and brought,such asjouses,ladns,trades,places…….C.Christian and his companion want to buy “truth”D.They was mocked and taunted,and were taken and beaten by the people in thevanity.And the people in fair besmeares(玷污) them with dirt,and put them with dirt,and put them into the cage.E.“Vanity”means emptiness or worthlessness,and hence the fair is an allegory ofthe worldliness(俗气) and the corruption of the religious life through theattractions of the world.And Banyan described the world that lost truth and were full of selfishness and corruption.PartⅥ The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandDaniel Defoe1 What does Enlightenments Movement mean? What do you know about the English literature of the Enlightenment?The Enlightenments Movement on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisies against feudalism.Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses and matters discussed there became subjects of literature. And the literary leaders emphasized formality or correctness of style. The reign of classicism is Addison, Steele, and Pope, and their verse became the ambition of aspiring young authors. Beside, the modern novels became popular: realist, psychological, satirical and sentimental novels. And the revival of romanticism or pre-romanticism.2 What story does the novel Robinson Crusoe tell? What is the theme and style? Why do we say that Robinson Crusoe is the representative of the raising bourgeois?The story is about Robinson was lost in an island, and he was alone and finally survive.The theme: a man’s struggle against nature for survival by self-reliance and man’s determination to improve his livelihood by labor.The style: simple, direct, fact-based story and characterization and smooth, easy and colloquial language.Robinson is fighting with difficulties and does not give in, and he struggles against nature for survival. Just like the enterprising Englishman fighting the survivals of feudalism and develop the bourgeois relations.Jonathan Swift1 What kind of writer is JS?What are his major works?A.JS is a supreme master of devastating satire.( He was a posthumous (遗腹子)child,and people looked upon him as a servant, he had a bitter, unhappy early life. After he entered the strife（争斗）of party politics, he soon became a veritable（名副其实的）dictator, and he was courted and flattered, and he was arrogant. But when the Tories went out of power his position was uncertain, and the last years he was anguish and grief. )B.Major works:The tale of a Tub ,The battle of the Books, Gulliver’s Travels2 How many past does Gulliver travelers consist of? What satirize in the novel? Include four parts, the voyage, the Brobdingnag, the flying island and the Houyhnhnms.The story is an immortal classic of satire, a penetrating anatomy of human nature揭露人性丑恶, and a satirical description of the vices of his age.2What are the structure ,the significance and the style of it?见笔记3 What are Gulliver’s experien ces in Lilliput and Brobdingnag described in the selecting readings?A.In Lilliput, Gulliver is shipwrecked, and the Lilliputians bind the sleeping Gulliverhand and foot. Gulliver has to convince them, then he goes to the war but theofficials conspire against him and charge him with high treason. Finally, Gulliver escapes in a boat and goes back to England.B.In Brobdingnag, people are good-natured and they treat Gulliver kindly, theylook him as a plaything. And the king often interrogates Gulliver on European affairs. At last, the travelling-box takes him to the seashore, and he was picked up by a English trip.PartⅦ The Age of EnlightenmentJoseph Addison1 What is the Addison’s contribution to the two papers The Tatler and The Spectator?Addison was a better writer than Steele and he made The Tatler a great success, and he also helped with the anther newspaper. Addison gave many ideas and thoughts to the two papers and made the paper become very and interesting and popular.2 What are the poems contain form and style on the two papers?The form is little and familiar essays.The style is clean, wholesome, gentle humor, courtesy and good breeding.Henry Fielding1 What are the major features of Henry Fielding’s novels?Criticism of social relations, hypocrisy and lack of spirituality, and vivid positive and negative characters, besides, direct, vigorous, hilarious, coarse and realistic style.2 What good quality does Tom Jones display in chapter 20 of book4 and chapter 14 of book 12?Tom was brave and kind, when Sophia was in dangerous, Tom saved her and got hurt, but he cared about nothing but S ophia’s health, although he was hurt, he also thought about others not himself. And in another story, Tom was clever and friendly, he would like to help other people, even it may be put him in danger.Thomas Gray1 In the poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓畔哀歌》, what are the contents of the poem?what are the poet thoughts and feelings about the dead buried in the churchyard? How does he describe grooms in the poem?A.见笔记本B.He shows his respect，praise and symapthy for the poor and the ordinary,but mocksthe great ones who despise(鄙视) the poor and bring havoc（骚乱）on them.C.The author selects natural phenomena to reflect the mood and display the emotion of man借情抒景，寓情于景P250William Blake1 In the poem The Tiger, what is the Blake feeling about the tiger? What is his feeling about the Maker of tiger? What does he want to say by asking the question’did he who made the lamb made thy’? does he ask about God and about the order of nature and the social order in reality?A.To the poet, the tiger means power and strength, and it makes people scared andfrightened.B.He is praising the skill and courage of the maker of the tiger.So the Marker isgreat.Symbolically,Blake is praising the French Revolutin and the violentrevolutionary forces.C.The poet is confused, the Marker have made tiger already, why then created thelamb. The tiger id ferocious ,violent and powerful,but the lamb idpeaceful,innocent and midl.But the maker create them both,which symbolizes the disordered society.There are the rich and the poor.And the poor is deprived by the rich.2 In the poem The Chimney Sweeper, is the chimney sweeper happy?what is the little CS fate? Who are responsible for his sad fate?A. No, he is not happy,although the little chimney sweeper was positive and believed that everything will be fine.B. His fate is to die because of the harsh condition.C.Parents make their children be a tool to earn money, and do not protect them, but the God, the Priest and the King do not help those children.Robert Burns 彭斯1In the poet My Heart’s in the Highlands, where is the speaker now? Where is his heart? Why does he have such a strong love for highlands?A.He is not in his homeland.B.His heart is in the highlands,in his homeland.C.Because highlands mean the birthplace of valour (勇气),the country of worth, andeven the birthplace of him,he compliment his country and show his strong love and homesickness for his home.2In A Red, Red Rose, how does the speaker describe this love’s loveliness? How does he describe his deep love for her?A.He uses simile(明喻) and metaphor(暗喻). He describes his love as red rose.B.In the second part of the poem the speaker uses seas, rocks, sun and sands tometaphor his deep love. He also uses overstatement(夸张手法).。
常耀信英国文学史复习重点简答题.docx
荒原TSEliot the waste land la long poem 4331ines mainly free verse with occasional snatches of rhyme and with many quoted lines in gernan French Italian and references and allusions to English writers as spenser Shakespeare and Milton.2published 1992 a land mark in English poetry ending romantic period signifying modernism 3divided into 5 parts the burial of the dead a game of chess the first sermon death by the water what the thunder said 4gave a picture of the spiritual ruins in Europe shortly after wwl expressed disillusionment of a generation of intellectuals.symbols taken from ancient myths are used to describe the decay of western culture.现代主义1 flourished between 1910 and early years after WWII 2includes various trends or schools such as imagism expressionism Dadaism stream of consciousness and existentialism.3means a departure from the conventional criteria or established values of the Victorian age.4aliteration and loneliness are the basic themes 5characteristic modernist wrings :complexity and obscurity the use of symbols allusion irony•唯美主义 1 prevail in Europe at the middle of 19山century 2theory art for art's sake.3two important representatives waiter peter and oscar wilde.4”the renaissance^^ is peter9s masterpiece its conclusion became a kind of manifesto of aesthetic movement in English literature.5gist of peter9s theory:the sole duty of an aesthete:develop his aeathetic sensibilities and enjoy all possible varieties of artistic and sensuous experie nee. 6 th is in essence is a teaching of hedonism based on pessimism .华伦夫人的职业IShaw attacked the vices of capitalist society.shows that under the guise of bougeois respectabitlity horrible crimes and corruption are convinced・ accuses the bourgeois of making profit by fostering prostitution.3the play shocked the bourgeois audience by showing how prostitution houses are used as a way for exploitation investment and money-making in capitalist society.4goes on to reveal all the respectable capitalists carry on the exploitation in as dirty ways as the running of brothels.5from attacking one of the vices in the capitalist society shaw has come to the condemnation of the whole bourgeois world the entire capitalist society.6also gives the hint that at the back of the seeming respectability and moral dignity of the ruling class there are many heartless crimes of theirs which are responsible for the untold miseries of millions of poor people.戏剧独白 1 Browning'sprinciple achievement lies in his introducing to English poetry the dramatic monologue.2 “My stress “he wrote9,lay on incidents in the development of a human soul” in other words a dramatic story in his book is not told through action but by the monologues of the characters concerned each of whom by turns make a clear breast of himself revealing his own thoughts and emotions in certain situation3thus the reader by hearing the monologues spoken by all the characters through the end will get a clear idea of the whole story as well as the personality and innermost soul of each character.英雄英雄崇拜 1 heroes and hero-worship was written by Carlyle to prove with the help of portraits of heroes his favorite view of history:the history of the world is the biography of great men.2according to his history is merely the record of the thoughts and actions of heroes and the quality of heroism can show itself in any sphere of human activity 3carlyle suns up history in six divisions 4to Carlyle democracy was an evil thing a turning of the face towards darkness and anarchy he believed in a benevolent despotism of great men and taught people to sit at the feet of heroes if they are to find salvation.狄更斯特征las a novelist dickens is remembered first of all for his character-portrayal he has a tendency to depict the grotesque characters or events.2his humor and satire.3meanwhile he is powerful in painting pictures of pathos if need be.4so far as construction in dickens,novels is concerned the main plot is often interwoven the more than one subplot so that some interesting minor characters as well as a broader view of life may be introduced.5dickens loves to instill life into inanimate things and compare animate beings to inanimate things.自然主义1 naturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Europe especially france and germany in the second half of 19th century2according to its theory literary must be true to life and exactly reproduce real life including all its details without any selection3naturalist writers usually write about the lives of the poor and the oppressed on the slum life but by giving all the details of the life without discrimination they can only represent the external appearance instead of the inner essence of the real life5naturalism in reality was a development of realism Scott 小说特征lhe has an outstanding gift of vivifying the past his novels which combines fact with romantic imagination give a picturesque representation of various historicalpersonage and events2historical events are closely interwoven with the fates of individuals3when he describes historical events he is concerned not only with the lives and deeds of kings statesman but is always mindful of the fates of ordinary people4scott is a romanticist5scott is a tory, a conservative in politics.：良漫主义1 appeared at the turn of 18th and 19th century rose and grew under the impetus of the industrial and French revolution2prevail in England during 1798 and 1832.3romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiments of the classes and social strata who were discontent and oppose to the development of capitalism4owing to social and political difference spilt into two school escapists: wordsworth Southey Coleridge; active: byron Shelley keats prose was represented by lamb and de quincey the only great novelist waiter scott5the romantic period was one of poetical revival.6characteristc feature spontaneity singularity worship of nature simplicity dominating note of melancholy and the poets outpoured the feelings and emotions 麦克白敲门声1 Shakespeare wants the audience to sympathize temporarily with mecbeth rather than with Duncan2the knocking heightens the dramatic effect and reflects back upon the murder a peculiar awfulness3he is absolutely opposed to the use of understanding in literary criticism in short de quincey insist on the dependence of literary criticism on psychology・批判现实主义 1 flourished in forties and early fifties of 19th century2critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint3greatest Charles dickens4critical realists not only gave a satirical portral of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling class but also showed profound sympathy for the common people5but they did not find a way to eradicate social evils they did not realize the necessity of changing the bourgeois society they were unable to find a good solution to the social contradictions the chief tendency in their work is not of revolution but rather of reformism6so far as literary form or genre is concerned the major contribution made by the 19th century critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel the 19th century realistic novels become the epic of the bourgeois society 西风颂west wind: power of regeneration power of revolution destroyers and preserver, theme: 1 optimistic belief that the old world must go and the new world must come withspring laden with fresh sweet promises for humanity2he appeals to the west wind to regenerate him spiritually and poetically3he praises revolution and peopled power to overthrow the tyranny and injustice and also express his strong faith in the ultimate victory of people's revolution 拜伦英雄melancholy lonely misanthropic individualistic suffering soul proud unbending will firm faith in freedom justice revolutionary zeal 华兹华斯Principle of poetry 1 all good poetry is the spontaneous outflow of powerful feelings2poetry takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity3the function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things to incidents and situation from common life4wordsworth endeavored to bring his language near to the real language of man5the preface to the lyrical ballads served as the manifesto of the English romantic movement in poetry 董贝父子theme： pride of wealth 董贝pursue pride arrogant heartless Edith proud 名利场Rebecca 1 adventuress 2typical example of money grubbing instinct3shrewed sophisticated unscrupulous Amelia tame sentimental useless theme 1 money grubbing instinct2avarice immorality hypocrisy unscrupulousness 简爱criticize the bourgeois system of education2the description of the English country squire 3the position of woman in society4dignity above love。
英国文学 名词解释 简答题 期末复习
Literary Terms1.Epic: a long narrative celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes,in a grand ceremonious style./ a long verse narrative dealing with important historical or legendary figures or events.2.Alliteration: the repetition of the same sounds-usually initial consonants of wordsor of stressed syllables-in any sequence of neighboring of words./ the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words in a line of a poem.3.Middle English：The English language in the transitional stage from old Englishto modern English through some four centuries (12-15) of development and change has been known as Middle English.4.Blank verse: the unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.5.Renaissance: the ―rebirth‖of literature, art, and learning that progressivelytransformed European culture from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, strongly influenced by the rediscovery of classical Greek and Latin literature, and accelerated by the development of printing. The Renaissance is commonly held to mark the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern Western world.6.Humanism: a 19th century term for the values and ideal of the EuropeanRenaissance, which placed a new emphasis on the expansion of human capacities.Reviving the study of Greek and Roman history, arts, and philosophy, the Renaissance humanists developed an image of ―Man‖ more positive and hopeful than that of medieval ascetic Christianity: rather than a miserable sinner awaiting redemption from a pit of fleshly corruption.7.Anglo-Norman Romance: a fictional story in verse or prose that relatesimprobable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted setting;or, more generally, a tendency in fiction opposite to that of realism. / ―Romance‖in this period refers to some verse narrative that sings of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds and usually emphasizes the chivalric love of the Middle Ages in England.8.Allegory：a story in which the characters and events are used as symbols toexpress some religious, political or moral idea.9.Heroic Couplets: a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter lines. / lines of iambicpentameter in rhyming couplets.10.Ballads: are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oraltransmission. They are most characteristic of primitive societies of the English –Scottish border region in the later Middle Ages. The story is told simply, briefly, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue.11.Ballad Meter: ballad meter contains 4- line stanzas, with the alternation of 4-and3- feet verse to the odd and even numbered lines (sometimes all four lines are in octosyllabics), and rhyming on the second and fourth lines12.Neoclassicism: as a rule, often employed against Romanticism, the term has alsobeen used to describe the characteristic world-view of the Age of Reason, denoting a preference fro rationality, clarity, restraint, order, and decorum, and forgeneral truths rather than particular insights.13.Spenserian Stanza: an English poetic stanza of nine iambic lines, the first eightbeing pentameters while the ninth is a longer line. The rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc. The stanza is named after Edmund Spenser. / a nine-line stanza with the rhyme scheme of ababbcbcc with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in hexameter.14.One- man tragedy: begins with the rise of the hero from his humble origin to thezenith of his success and ends with his downfall or death.15.Metaphysical Poets: the name given to a diverse group of 17th century Englishpoets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes, and far-fetched imagery. The leading poet is John Donne.edy of Manners: a kind of comedy representing the complex andsophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its plot usually revolves around intrigues of lust and greed, the self-interested cynicism of the characters being masked by decorous pretence.17.Gothic Novel: a story of terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle ormonastery.18.Sonnet: a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length, iambicpentameters in English.19.University Wits:a group of English poets and playwrights who establishedthemselves in London in the 1580s and 1590s after attending at either Oxford or Cambridge. The most important member of the group was Christopher Marlowe. A1．Please make some comments upon the great significances and the progressive views on man in Geoffrey Chaucer’s ―The Canterbury Tales‖.2. Please summarize ―Paradise Lost‖briefly and illustrate the importance of John Milton in the English literary history.B3. Please give a brief introduction of William Shakespeare and his Hamlet. It must contain a general comment on Shakespeare, a summary of the drama, the theme of the drama, and Shakespeare’s literary innovation in Hamlet.4. Please summarize briefly the main literary characteristics in the age of Enlightenment.A1.Chaucer’s masterpiece, ―The Canterbury Tales’ is one of the most famous works in all literature. (2) It is characterized by the principle of realism and humanism.(3) In it, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country, and irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. (5) As a representative of a transitional period, Chaucer is not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices.(2) His work is permeated with free-thinking, so characteristic of the age of Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes.(2) He believes in the right ofman to earthly happiness.(2) He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.(2) He is always keen to praise man’s energy, skills, intellect, quick wit and the love for life. (2)2．The poem opens with the description of a meeting among the angels. The freedom-loving Satan and his followers are banished from heavenly domains and sequestered into the nether world. Satan and his adherents are not discouraged, and also strive for victory. Satan chooses the Garden of Eden as the battle-field, where there live in innocent bliss the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Satan desired to tear them away from the influence of God and to make them instrumental in his struggle against God’s authority. (5) God learns of his intention, however, and sends the Archangel Raphael to warn Adam and Eve of Satan’s vile project. No sooner is he gone than Satan assumes the shape of a serpent and appears before Eve. By cunning and crafty speeches he persuades her to break God’s interdiction. (5) Eve eats an apple from the forbidden tree and plucks another one for Adam. God sees their misdemeanor and administrators his unwavering justice; they are deprived of immortality, exiled from Paradises and doomed to an earthly life full of privations and sufferings. The poem ends in Adam’s and Eve’s banishment from Paradise. (5)John Milton's literary career cast a formidable shadow over English poetry in the 18th and 19th centuries; he was often judged equal or superior to all other English poets, including Shakespeare. The influence of Milton's poetry and personality on the literature of the Romantic era was profound. Aside from his importance to literary history, Milton's career has influenced the modern world in other ways. (5)B:3. The greatest of all English authors, William Shakespeare belongs to those rare geniuses of mankind who have become landmarks in the history of world culture. Meanwhile, he was one of the first founders of realism, a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. (5)Hamlet is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601. The play, set in Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius, who has murdered Hamlet’s father, the King, and then taken the throne and married Hamlet’s mother.(5) The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage—and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. (5) Under Shakespeare’s pen, Hamlet as a medieval story assumed new meaning and significance. Danish names could not hide from the spectators and readers the fact that it was English which the great writer described in his play. The whole tragedy is permeated with the spirit of Shakespeare’s own time. Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life. (5)4. It is simply for convenience that we study 18th century writings in three main divisions: the reign of so-called classicism, the revival of romantic poetry, and the beginning of the modern novel. As a whole, it is an age of prose rather than of poetry, and in this respect it differs from all preceding ages of English literature. (5)The main representative of the classicism poetry is Alexander Pope (1688-1744), who was a man of extraordinary wit and extensive learning, and his contemporaries considered him as the highest authority in matters of literary arts. Among his other contributions, he elaborated certain regulations for the style of poetical works and made popular the heroic couplets in which he wrote the greater part of his poems. (5)The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18thcentury was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel Robinson Crusoe. It was one of the forerunners of the English 18th century realistic novel. But it was Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe. (5)Another conspicuous trend in the English literature of the latter half of the 18th century was the pre-romanticism. It originated among the conservative groups of men of letters as a reaction against Enlightenment and found its most manifest expression in the ―Gothic novel‖. William Blake (1757-1821) and Robert Burns (1759-1796) serve as two forerunners of the Romanticism. (5)。
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PartⅤ The 17th centuryThe Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Donne1 What are the characteristics and representatives of the English literature of the revolution period, the metaphysical period and restoration period?A.The revolution period, Puritans believed in simplicity of lifeand disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry, and they influence in general tended to suppressed literary art.Representatives：John Milton，John BunyanB.The metaphysical （玄学派）period, the style became spiritual gloom.Representatives：Donne and Herbert；John MiltonC．The restoration period, the literary was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical.Representatives：John Dryden2 In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《告别：莫忧伤》”, why does the speaker forbid mourning when his going to pass away and leave his lover? Why and what are the two conceits （比喻）that he uses to describe their perfect love?A.Although they may leave each other, yet they love is firm and forever, and soul lovers cannot be separated by distance and death. Besides，death is natural just like earthquake.B. First conceit（like gold to airy thinness beat）, their souls are like gold, it can expand and their love still exit.Second conceit(as stiff tein com, they are like compasses are two), one moving and anther stay and wait for the companion.3 In “Death be not proud”(死神莫骄妄), what will happen to us when we die？why does the speaker say that “death should not be proud”? When will death die?A. It will be rest and sleep flow with much pleasure when we die，and our souls will be released.B.Because it is a slave of fate, chance, kings and desperate man and death is together with poison,war,sickness and opium or charms. And these things can make us sleep like the death, and the effect is better than death. Death for people is a soul’s delivery, and after death people will feel free and pleased. Although people die, yet they wake eternally, and their souls are exiting forever.C.When people’s short sleep past, people wake eternally, and death no longer exist and death will die.John Milton1 In what way is John Milton a staunch(坚定的)revolution fighter anda great poet?A.When he was in Italy, he heard the trouble sprung up in England,and he gave up his plan for travelling and went back to England. After he return to England, he opposed the monarchic party and gave all his energy to the writing of pamphlets小册子dedicated to the people’s liberties.B.After finishing the university course，he thought he was born to be a poet.So for five years he lived at home in his father’s country house at Horton about 20 miles from London,writing poetry and studying hard,in order better to fit himself for his work.He worked for 7years upon Paradise Lost.And he also wrote Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.The three works made him a great poet.2What is the theme of Paradise Lost ?What is the basic idea of Paradise Lost?Theme:？？？？？The basic idea:the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom.3 In Paradise Lost, why was Satan punished by God driven out of heaven and at last into hell? What did he want to do for revenge? And what was his reason? What is the allegorical meaning of the poem?A.Because Satan led the mutinous(反叛的) angels to rise againstGod himself but in the battle with the hosts of angels that remained true to God, they were finally defeated.B.Satan wanted to ruin God’s precious creation (man).C.So he wanted to tear Adam and Eve away from the influence ofGod and to make them instrumental in his struggle against God’s authority.D.God represents authority and tyranny on earth,he has strongrights to control anything .Satan represents the power of revolting against authority and desire for freedom.3 In the Sonnet On His Blindness, what is the double meaning of “talent”? What is “mine” question? And what is the answer given by patience? What is the theme of the Sonnet?A.The “talent” means :ability and a kind of currency unitB.Question is that God does not give us light, and why I willbear it?(‘Doth God exact day-labor,light denied?’)C.Patience answers that God does not need gift, and go and climbwithout rest or stand and wait is also a service.(‘God doth not need either man’s work or his own gifts;who best bear his mild yoke,they serve him best)D.Theme:If you have talents,you should make full use of it. andyour pain will be diminished and you will be peaceful and calm.You can use your talent to live a meaningful life.John Banyan1 What is “allegory”? In what way is Banyan The Pilgrim’s Progressis allegory? What are the literal meaning and symbolic meaning of the work?A.Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which the characters,actions or settings represent abstract ideas general truth or moral qualities, and a story that has two meanings, literal and symbolic.B.The literal meaning:Christian’s pilgrimage from the city ofDestruction to the Holy CityThe symbolic meaning:religious people,people should follow Christian’s example.And it reflects the society and culture.2 In the part Vanity Fair, what is the Vanity Fair? What are sold and brought at the VF? What do Christian and his companion Faithful want to buy? How are they treated as a fair? What is the meaning of this excerpt?A.Vanity fair is a name of a town and there is a fiar kept.B.Everything in vanity is can be sold and brought,such asjouses,ladns,trades,places…….C.Christian and his companion want to buy “truth”D.They was mocked and taunted,and were taken and beaten by thepeople in the vanity.And the people in fair besmeares(玷污) them with dirt,and put them with dirt,and put them into the cage.E.“Vanity”means emptiness or worthlessness,and hence the fairis an allegory of the worldliness(俗气) and the corruption of the religious life through the attractions of the world.And Banyandescribed the world that lost truth and were full of selfishness and corruption.PartⅥ T he Age of Enlightenment in England Daniel Defoe1 What does Enlightenments Movement mean? What do you know about the English literature of the Enlightenment?The Enlightenments Movement on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisies against feudalism.Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses and matters discussed there became subjects of literature. And the literary leaders emphasized formality or correctness of style. The reign of classicism is Addison, Steele, and Pope, and their verse became the ambition of aspiring young authors. Beside, the modern novels became popular: realist, psychological, satirical and sentimental novels. And the revival of romanticism or pre-romanticism.2 What story does the novel Robinson Crusoe tell? What is the theme and style? Why do we say that Robinson Crusoe is the representative of the raising bourgeois?The story is about Robinson was lost in an island, and he was alone and finally survive.The theme: a man’s struggle against nature for survival byself-reliance and man’s determination to improve his livelihood bylabor.The style: simple, direct, fact-based story and characterization and smooth, easy and colloquial language.Robinson is fighting with difficulties and does not give in, and he struggles against nature for survival. Just like the enterprising Englishman fighting the survivals of feudalism and develop the bourgeois relations.Jonathan Swift1 What kind of writer is JS?What are his major works?A.JS is a supreme master of devastating satire.( He was aposthumous (遗腹子)child, and people looked upon him as a servant, he had a bitter, unhappy early life. After he entered the strife（争斗）of party politics, he soon became a veritable（名副其实的） dictator, and he was courted and flattered, and he was arrogant. But when the Tories went out of power his position was uncertain, and the last years he was anguish and grief. )B.Major works:The tale of a Tub ,The battle of the Books,Gulliver’s Travels2 How many past does Gulliver travelers consist of? What satirize in the novel?Include four parts, the voyage, the Brobdingnag, the flying island and the Houyhnhnms.The story is an immortal classic of satire, a penetrating anatomy of human nature揭露人性丑恶, and a satirical description of the vices of his age.2What are the structure ,the significance and the style of it?见笔记3 What are Gulliver’s experien ces in Lilliput and Brobdingnag described in the selecting readings?A.In Lilliput, Gulliver is shipwrecked, and the Lilliputiansbind the sleeping Gulliver hand and foot. Gulliver has to convince them, then he goes to the war but the officials conspire against him and charge him with high treason. Finally, Gulliver escapes in a boat and goes back to England.B. In Brobdingnag, people are good-natured and they treatGulliver kindly, they look him as a plaything. And the king often interrogates Gulliver on European affairs. At last, the travelling-box takes him to the seashore, and he was picked up by a English trip.PartⅦ The Age of EnlightenmentJoseph Addison1 What is the Addison’s contribution to the two papers The Tatler and The Spectator?Addison was a better writer than Steele and he made The Tatler a great success, and he also helped with the anther newspaper. Addison gave manyideas and thoughts to the two papers and made the paper become very and interesting and popular.2 What are the poems contain form and style on the two papers?The form is little and familiar essays.The style is clean, wholesome, gentle humor, courtesy and good breeding.Henry Fielding1 What are the major features of Henry Fielding’s novels?Criticism of social relations, hypocrisy and lack of spirituality, and vivid positive and negative characters, besides, direct, vigorous, hilarious, coarse and realistic style.2 What good quality does Tom Jones display in chapter 20 of book4 and chapter 14 of book 12?Tom was brave and kind, when Sophia was in dangerous, Tom saved her and got hurt, but he cared about nothing but S ophia’s health, although he was hurt, he also thought about others not himself. And in another story, Tom was clever and friendly, he would like to help other people, even it may be put him in danger.Thomas Gray1 In the poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓畔哀歌》, what are the contents of the poem?what are the poet thoughts and feelings about the dead buried in the churchyard? How does he describe grooms in the poem?A.见笔记本B.He shows his respect，praise and symapthy for the poor and the ordinary,but mocks the great ones who despise(鄙视) the poor and bring havoc（骚乱） on them.C.The author selects natural phenomena to reflect the mood and display the emotion of man借情抒景，寓情于景P250William Blake1 In the poem The Tiger, what is the Blake feeling about the tiger? What is his feeling about the Maker of tiger? What does he want to say by asking the question’did he who made the lamb made thy’? does he ask about God and about the order of nature and the social order in reality?A.To the poet, the tiger means power and strength, and it makespeople scared and frightened.B.He is praising the skill and courage of the maker of thetiger.So the Marker is great.Symbolically,Blake is praising the French Revolutin and the violent revolutionary forces.C.The poet is confused, the Marker have made tiger already, whythen created the lamb. The tiger id ferocious ,violent and powerful,but the lamb id peaceful,innocent and midl.But the maker create them both,which symbolizes the disordered society.There are the rich and the poor.And the poor is deprived by the rich.2 In the poem The Chimney Sweeper, is the chimney sweeper happy?what is the little CS fate? Who are responsible for his sad fate?A. No, he is not happy,although the little chimney sweeper was positive and believed that everything will be fine.B. His fate is to die because of the harsh condition.C.Parents make their children be a tool to earn money, and do not protect them, but the God, the Priest and the King do not help those children.Robert Burns 彭斯1In the poet My Heart’s in the Highlands, where is the speaker now? Where is his heart? Why does he have such a strong love for highlands?A.He is not in his homeland.B. His heart is in the highlands,in his homeland.C.Because highlands mean the birthplace of valour (勇气),thecountry of worth, and even the birthplace of him,he compliment his country and show his strong love and homesickness for his home.2In A Red, Red Rose, how does the speaker describe this love’s loveliness? How does he describe his deep love for her?A.He uses simile(明喻) and metaphor(暗喻). He describes his loveas red rose.B.In the second part of the poem the speaker uses seas, rocks,sun and sands to metaphor his deep love. He also uses overstatement(夸张手法).。