非谓语动词考点讲解及练习.doc

非谓语动词

一、什么是非谓语动词？

1.“非谓语非谓语：就是不能做谓语的动词

谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具冇的特征和状态。它冇人称、数、时态和语态的变化。

e.g. He works. He will go to Shanghai. You looked smart.

非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以苗宾语或状语。

Climbin呂mountains is great fun. To vis让China is my next goaL 非谓语动词包括：1）不定式to + v 2）动词v・ing 3）过去分词v-ed

2.非谓语使用条件

_个句子当中，己经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况卜

She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

3.构成形式

二、用法比较

（一）.不定式和・ing形式作主语的区别

1.-ing和不定式都可以作主语，・ing作主语表示一般或抽象的经常性，习惯性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一•次性的动作。

Learni昭a foreign language is very useful.

It is not very good for you to smoke so much.

2.•…不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。常见句型有让is adj. （of/for sb J to do sth.

（1）It's difficult （important, necessary） for sb. to do

（2）It's kind （good, friendly; pol让e, careless, rude, cruel, clever; foolish, brave） o£sb. to do.

3..-ing 在"It is no use/ no good/useless + doing"结构中作主语,it 为形式主语。

It is no good writin呂to him; he never answers letters.

4..主表对称原则Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.

（二）.不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别

l.・ing形式作宾语通常衣示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、-•次性动作

I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today.

2.1）有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：

afford / agree/attempt/ choose / decide / demand / determine /desire/ expect / fail / hesitate / intend/hope / long / man age / offer / plan / prepare / pretend / promise / refuse / want / wish 2）有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语：

admit / advise / allow / appreciate / avoid / consider /delay / deny / / dislike / enjoy / escape / excuse / forbid / imagine / keep / mind / miss / permit / practise / risk / stand, can't help, set about, be engaged in, spend...（in）, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 等

3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, tiy mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之示的动作,而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing 代替完成式having done.

Remember to wiite to us when you get there. I don't remember meeting him.o

动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）

（三）・作宾补时三者的区别

1.冇些动词接不定式作宾补：（和宾语冇主谓关系强调动作将发生或全过程；表一次性动作）tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask + sb to do

He asked me to finish the work in time.

2 感官动词feel \listen to \hear\ see\ watch\ observe\ notice 的宾补用法。

do （和宾语冇主谓关系强调动作已经完成,do变被动以后前要加to.）

doing （强调动作正在进行，尚未完成；延续性动词）

done （表动作已经完成，或被动，多强调状态）

I heard her sing the song many times. I heard her singing the song when I passed her room. 1 have never heard the song_sung in English.

3.使役动词make, let, get, have等的宾补用法。

①make/let/have +宾语+ do； get+宾语+ to do表示"使/让/叫某人去做某事"。

The boss made the boy work twelve hours a day.

Mother got me to stay alone at home.

②have +宾语+ doing sth表示"使/让……持续做某事"；get+宾语+ doing sth表示"使/ 让……

开始行动起来”。

Farmers had the machines working all the time.

Can you get my watch going again?

③have/get/make+宾语+done表示"使……被做"。

He made his idea known to his parents.

have sth done还可以表示"使遭受..…

Tom had his leg broken while playing footbalL

4.复合结构“介词with +宾语+宾补”

1）______________________ W ith winter （come）on, it's time to buy warm cbthes.

2）________________________________________ He lay in bed with his head （ cover）

3）_______________________________________________ I can't go out with all these dishes （wash）.

4）________________________ With an exam （hold）tomorrow, I couldn't go to the cinema tonight. （四）・作表语时三者的区别

1）.不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

My job is to help the patient now.（说明主语具体内容）