政治的英文词汇
中国政治英语词汇
中国政体与国策I. 中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中国共产党中央委员会总书记General secretary of the Central Party Committee II. 中国人民政治协商会议the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference III. 中华人民共和国中央政府the Ce ntral People’s Government of the PRC中华人民共和国主席President of PRC省会Provincial Capital 自治区Autonomous Region（1）全国人民代表大会the National People’s Congress (NPC)全国人大代表deputy to the NPC地方人民代表大会Local People’s Congress（2）国务院the State Council 国务院总理the Premier of the State Council. 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defense 公安部Ministry of Public Security(3) a. 最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court(SPC)最高人民法院院长the President of the SPCb.最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Pr ocuratorate最高人民检察院检察长the Procurator-general of the SPP(5).民主党派Democratic Party二．口译政治用语和国策宪法Constitution党章Party Constitution1. 党的三代中央领导集体创建了毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想，从而在民族独立和人民解放的基础上为中华民族的伟大复兴开启了建设有中国特色的社会主义的伟大事业。
关于政治的英文词汇
关于政治的英文词汇constitution 宪法 legislation 立法 Democrats 民主党Republicans共和Amendment修正案Congress美国国Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system联邦制presidentialsystem 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize机构化election 选举veto 否决poll 投票，投票数，民意测验office holding 任职AmericanRevolution美国革命/独立战争Independence War美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民percapita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 遣责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization联合，结合attache [法语] 随行人员glasnost [俄语] 公开性；开放jujitsu [日语] 柔术karate [日语] 空手道laissez-faire [法语] 自由主义Lebensraum[德语] 生存空间per annum [拉丁语] 每年rapport [法语] 和睦；友好rendezvous [法语] 约会(地点)sumo [日语相扑karaoke; judo;per capita; tai chi chuan;Big Apple (大苹果)美国纽约市Big Board (纽约证券交易所的大行情板)纽约证券所／纽约股市Broadway (百老汇大街)美国或纽约市商业性戏剧(业)City of Angels (天使城)洛杉矶City of Brother ly Love (博爱城)费城City by the Golden Gate (金门城)旧金山市Crescent City (新月城)新奥尔良市Dice City (赌城)(美国以夜总会和赌场著称的)拉斯韦加斯市Empire State (帝国州)纽约州Fun City (逍遥城)纽约市Golden State (黄金州)加利福尼亚州Hollywood (好莱坞)美国电影业；美国电影界Hub of the Universe(宇宙中心)波士顿市Madison Avenue(美国广告业中心)麦迪逊大街美国广告业／美国商业Mother of Presidents (总统之母)美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州Steel City (钢城)匹兹堡市Windy City (多风城)芝加哥市White House(白宫)美国政府；美国总统the City [(英国首都伦敦市中心)伦敦城] 英国商业界；英国金融界Fleet Street (舰队街)英国新闻界Scotland Yard(苏格兰场；伦敦警察局)伦敦警方Elysee [(法国总统官邱)爱丽舍宫]法国政府；法国总统Maginot Line [(第二次大战前法国所筑防御阵地体系)马其诺防线]盲目行动；迷恋于维持现状Quai d'Orsay [(法国外交部附近地名)凯道赛码头]法国外交部；法国外交政策；法国政府Bermuda／Bermuda Triangle [百慕大(魔鬼)三角]危险的禁区Horn of Africa (非洲之角)索马里和埃塞俄比亚cancer-causing d rug致癌药物policy-making body 决策机构Peace-keeping force 维和部队Oil-producing country 产油国long-standing issue由来己久的问题wide-spreadingAIDS 到处蔓延的艾滋病high-ranking official高级官员far-reaching significance深远意义blood-cemented friendship 鲜血凝成的友谊贫困地区poverty-stricke n area外向型经济export-oriented economy deep-roo ted social prob lems 根深蒂固的社会问题quick-frozen foo d 速冻食品foreign-ownedenterprise外资企业long-faced jobloser愁眉苦脸的失业者dimly-lit room光线昏暗的房间well-informed source 消息灵通人士richly-paid job薪水丰厚的工作highly-sophisticated technology尖端技术inflation-proofdeposit 保值储蓄vehicle-free promenade/ street步行街interest-free lo an无息贷款labor-intensive enterprise 劳动力密集型企业arms-reductiontalks 裁军谈判year-end report年终报告labor-management conflict 劳资冲突供求失调supply-demand imbalance long-term，low-interest loan长期低息贷款top-level talk最高级会谈fair-trade agreement互惠贸易协定long-range nuclear missile远程核导弹100-metre dash百米赛跑one-man government 独裁政府one-way street 单向道21-gun salute 2 1响礼炮face-to-face t alk 会晤；面晤hand-to-mouth pa y 温饱工资ground-to-airmissile地对空导弹dusk-to-dawn curfew彻夜宵禁touch-and-go affair 一触即发的局势middle-of-the-road policy 中立政策be-kind-to-animalcampaign 保护动物运动see-while-you-talk phone 可视电话good-to-excellent care无微不至的关怀on-the-spot interview现场采访on-the-job train ing; 在职培训;one-country-two-s ystem policy一国两制的政策China’s actua l conditions中国国情be honest inperforming one ’s official duties 廉洁奉公build a cleanand honest government; construction of a clean government廉政建设abuse of power for personal gain；misuse of powerfor private interest以权谋私corruption reporting centre举报中心be responsiblefor one's ownprofit and loss 自负盈亏jack up price哄抬物价single youth above the normal matrimonial ag e大龄青年high-tech busi ness incubator;pioneer park创业园“物质文明”（material progr ess ）、（intellectual a nd ideological development）、“宰客”（rip off）、“打白条”（issue IOUs）关系网（network of personal connections ）、“下海”（risk one’s fortune in business）、“跳槽”（job-hop）euthanasia（安乐死），AIDS艾滋病elevated highways（高架道路）information superhighway信息高速公路value-added tax（增值税），hula hoop（呼拉圈），surfing （冲浪运动），talk show（访谈节目；谈话类节目)lucky draw抽奖vicious circle 恶性循环Yangtze River d elta长江三角洲tax avoidance避税localization本土化；本地化settling-in allowance安家费interdisciplinary talent复合型人才jerry-built project豆腐渣工程worse off thansome, betteroff than many比上不足，比下有余fight corruption and build aclean government反腐倡廉real estatemarket房地产市场Comfortable Hous ing Project安居工程distribution according to one's performanc e按劳分配to buy a h ouse on mortgag e; to mortgagea house按揭购房Service industry/ service trade窗口行业Pet clinic宠物医院Inter-city train城际列车Green hand菜鸟，新手Multinational company跨国公司Passive smoking; second-handsmoking被动吸烟Copyright reserved版权所有Money worship拜金主义Start from scratch白手起家century-old shop百年老店Host country东道国countdown倒计时Crack down on fake products 打假Protective umb rella保护伞find a sugar d addy; be a mistressfor a rich man;lean on a moneybag傍大款National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)迎难而上face difficulties squarelywork with courage and determination, 奋勇拼搏艰难险阻all difficultiesand obstacle保持平稳较快增长maintain steadyand rapid growth社会事业social progr amfight againstmassive natura l disaster（抗击特大自然灾害）残奥会Paralympics the Shenzhou VII manned spac e missionsocialism withChinese charac teristics （中国特色社会主义）奋勇前进bravely forge ahead宏观经济政策macroeconomicpolicies复杂多变complex andvolatile预见性、针对性和有效性proactive, targeted and effective。
专升本政治英语
专升本政治英语政治是重要的一门学科，对于专升本考生来说，政治英语学习更是必不可少的一部分。
本文将为大家介绍一些政治英语学习的方法和技巧，希望能够帮助考生们在考试中取得好成绩。
一、政治英语词汇政治英语词汇的掌握是学习政治英语的基础，以下是一些常见的政治英语词汇：1. 政府机构：government agencies2. 国家元首：head of state3. 国会：parliament4. 民主制度：democratic system5. 选举：election6. 政治犯：political prisoner7. 政治理论：political theory8. 政策实施：policy implementation9. 政治参与：political participation10. 外交关系：diplomatic relations二、政治英语语法政治英语在语法方面也有其一些特点，下面是一些常见的语法结构和用法：1. 表达事实：使用一般现在时表达事实，如：“The government implements various policies.”（政府实施了各种政策。
）2. 表达观点：使用情态动词can、should等来表达观点和建议，如：“Citizens can participate in political activities.”（公民可以参与政治活动。
）3. 表示原因和结果：使用because、so等表示原因和结果，如：“The government promotes economic development because it benefits the country.”（政府促进经济发展是因为这有益于国家。
）三、政治英语阅读材料阅读是提高政治英语能力的有效途径之一，以下是一些推荐的政治英语阅读材料：1. 政治类报纸和杂志：通过阅读政治类报纸和杂志，可以了解最新的政治动态和事件，同时也能够提高政治英语的词汇量和阅读理解能力。
英语政治词汇
政治One Country, Two Systems 一国两制One China, One Taiwan 一中一台Two Chinas 两个中国Three Direct Links (Mail, Air and Shipping Services and Trade) （两岸）直接三通23 Million Taiwan Compatriots 两千三百万台湾同胞Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 两会（人大，政协）Three Represents 三个代表the Important Thought of Three Represents 三个代表重要思想Woman Pace-Setter 三八红旗手the Three Major Historical Tasks三大历史任务the Seven-Y ear Program to Help 80 Million People Out of Poverty "八七"扶贫攻坚计划the Eleventh Five-Y ear Plan (2006-2010) "十一五"计划the 15th central committee of the communist party of China (CPC) 第十五届中央委员会17th Party Congress 十七大the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee 十一届三中全会South-South Cooperation 南南合作North-South Dialog 南北对话Taiwan Independence 台独"Bring In" and "Going Out" "引进来"和"走出去"政策patriotic democratic personages爱国民主人士patriotic united front 爱国统一战线patriotism 爱国主义精神live and work in peace and contentment 安居乐业an enterprising spirit 昂扬向上的精神状态our compatriots in the Macao SAR (Special Administrative Region) 澳门特别行政区同胞hegemonism 霸权主义a hundred flowers blossom 百花齐放a hundred schools of thought contend 百家争鸣the stability in border areas 边疆稳定remote areas 边远地区a magnificent upsurge 波澜壮阔extensive and profound 博大精深never degenerating 不变质constantly better people's lives 不断提高人民生活水平unfair and irrational 不公正不合理shackles of the outdated notions 不合时宜的观念的束缚an inexhaustible motive force 不竭动力invincible 不可战胜an irresistible trend of history 不可阻挡的历史潮流not lose our bearings不迷失方向uneven 不平衡a tortuous course 不平坦的道路not all-inclusive 不全面的take resolute measures 采取果断措施participation in and deliberation of state affairs 参政议政long-term coexistence 长期共存long-term social stability and solidarity 长期社会安定团结long-term peace and order 长治久安honesty 诚实守信fully mobilize and rally充分调动和凝聚take shape initially 初步建立traditional threats to security 传统安全威胁creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 创造力、凝聚力和战斗力system of resignation 辞职制proceed from our national conditions 从我国国情出发promote common development 促进共同发展promote all-round social progress 促进社会全面进步assuming heavy responsibilities 担当重任the contemporary era 当代masters of the country当家作主the wish to be the masters of our country 当家作主的愿望congress of party representatives 党代会backbone of the party 党的骨干力量the party's basic theory, line and program 党的基本理论、路线和纲领party building 党的建设party's progressiveness 党的先进性the destiny of the party and state 党和国家前途命运the cause of the party and state 党和国家事业Deng Xiaoping theory 邓小平理论the demise of comrade Deng Xiaoping邓小平同志逝世the sixth place 第六位the primary productive force 第一生产力E-government 电子政务mobilize the initiative 调动积极性equal political entities 对等的政治实体erroneous and dogmatic interpretation of Marxism 对马克思主义的错误和教条式的理解multi-tiered 多层次multiparty cooperation 多党合作diversify 多元化pluralistic society多元社会diverse forces 多种力量duplicate law enforcement 多重多头执法awareness of law 法制观念a country with an adequate legal system 法制国家a country under the rule of law 法治国家prosperity, stability and development 繁荣、稳定和发展fight against "Taiwan Independence" 反对"台独"oppose separation 反对分裂combat corruption and build a clean government 反腐倡廉guard against 防止non-traditional threats to security 非传统安全威胁splitting activities 分裂活动the objectives and tasks 奋斗目标和任务develop diverse forms of democracy 丰富民主形式trials and tribulations 风浪考验serve the overall interests 服务大局strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced 富强、民主、文明hinterland 腹地reform, development and stability 改革、发展、稳定reform and opening-up 改革开放fall behind the times 落后于时代Marxism-Leninism 马克思列宁主义the basic tenets of Marxism 马克思主义基本原理a Marxist ruling party 马克思主义执政党Mao Zendong Thought 毛泽东思想the militia 民兵Democratic Progressive Party 民进党people's livelihood 民生democratic and the legal system 民主法制democratic management 民主管理prepared for both promotion and demotion 能上能下to alleviate rural poverty through development 农村扶贫开发reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农村税费改革problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers 农业、农村和农民问题agriculture and rural work 农业和农村工作agriculture as the foundation of the economy 农业基础地位falsification 弄虚作假personnel training 培养人才people in financial difficulties 贫困群众smooth transition of power平稳过渡extravagance and waste 铺张浪费general election system 普选制less developed 欠发达地区intensify functions 强化功能win-win co-operation 强强联手power politics 强权政治overseas Chinese 侨胞overseas Chinese affairs 侨务工作industry and courage 勤劳勇敢seek common ground while shelving differences 求同存异regional organizations 区域性组织tortuous road 曲折的道路draw upon one another's strong points 取长补短yield substantial results 取得丰硕成果score tremendous achievements 取得巨大成就repeal taxes on special agricultural products 取消农业特产税all the party members; whole party 全党the crystallization of the party's collective wisdom 全党集体智慧的结晶all-dimensional 全方位the Chinese people of all nationalities; people of all ethnic groups of the country 全国各族人民deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人大代表the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political ConsultativeConference 全国政协plenary sessions 全会build a well-off society in an all-round way; build a moderately prosperous society in all respects 全面建设小康社会in full swing 全面展开divorce between powers and responsibilities 权责脱节the general public 群众People's Congresses 人大the standing committees 人大常委会NPC (National People's Congress) member 人大代表the spirit of the congress 人大精神put sb. to the best use 人尽其才a full display of advantages in human resources 人力资源优势得到充分发挥material and cultural needs of the people 人民的物质文化需要the people's democratic dictatorship 人民民主专政upgrade the texture of life for the people 人民生活更加殷实mass organizations 人民团体the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 人民政协the trend of popular sentiment 人心向背personnel exchanges 人员往来treating each other with all sincerity 肝胆相照the high degree of unity and solidarity 高度团结统一a high degree of autonomy 高度自治hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜old revolutionary base areas 革命老区all localities and departments 各地各部门patriots from all walks of life 各界爱国人士personages of all circles 各界人士be well positioned, do their best and live in harmony 各尽其能、各得其所又和谐相处the democratic parties 各民主党派people's organizations 各人民团体attempts to split the Country 各种分裂图谋fundamental interests 根本利益workers and farmers 工人农民the working class in China 工人阶级队伍Federation of Industry and Commerce 工商联civil rights / civil liberties 公民权利、自由citizens' participation in political affairs 公民政治参与civic duty 公民职责fairness and justice 公平和正义civil servants 公务员system of public servants 公务员制度to consolidate and uplift 巩固和提高to consolidate and uplift 顾全大局bear in mind the overall interests 顾全大局the bureaucratic style of work 官僚主义作风implement贯彻a glorious page in the annals 光辉史册的一页brightness and progress 光明和进步a glorious patriotic tradition 光荣的爱国主义传统broad space for development 广阔的发展空间gather large numbers of talented people 广纳群贤national defense 国防national defense capabilities 国防实力a highly volatile international situation 国际局势风云变幻international organizations 国际性组织state sovereignty and security国家的主权和安全state-to-state relations 国家关系comprehensive improvement of land and resources 国土资源综合整治common aspirations of all peoples 国人的共同愿望State Council 国务院transitional period 过渡期peace, justice and progress 和平，正义，进步peaceful reunification 和平统一negotiations and peaceful reunifications 和平统一谈判peace and development 和平与发展safeguard捍卫broaden the fields of endeavor 拓宽领域the complete realization of the reunification of the motherland 完成祖国统一self-improvement 完善自己work with one heart and one mind 万众一心fine-tuning 微调law-breakers must be prosecuted 违法必究the sole criterion 唯一标准to safeguard world peace and promote common development 维护世界和平与促进共同发展health and sports undertakings 卫生体育事业adequate food and clothing program 温饱工程realm of ideology 意识形态领域brave difficulties 迎难而上support the army 拥军give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs （拥军）优属support the government 拥政enjoy a lasting peace 永享太平the eternal soul of the army 永远不变的军魂accountability for neglect of supervisory duty 用人失察责任追究accountability for the use of the wrong person 用人失误责任追究optimize structure优化结构optimize and upgrade 优化升级the laws observed 有法必依there are laws to go by 有法可依supervisory function of the media 舆论监督share weal and woe with the people 与人民群众共命运advances with the times 与时代发展同步伐keep pace with the times 与时俱进with a long history behind it 源远流长developing amidst twists and turns 在曲折中发展increase understanding增加了解be mindful of potential danger 增强忧患意识strategic plan 战略部署strategic adjustment 战略性调整energetic and promising leadership 朝气蓬勃、奋发有为的领导层to be rectified and standardized 整顿和规范regularized 正规化government intervention 政府干预government organs; government institutions 政府机构special government allowance 政府特殊津贴separating the functions of government from those of institutions 政事分开(have) a good government and a united people 政通人和CPPCC committees 政协委员会the political and economic spheres 政治、经济领域old political and economic order 政治经济旧秩序politburo 政治局political situation 政治局面political restructuring 政治体制political consultation 政治协商political consultation system 政治协商制度kingpin 支撑intellectuals 知识分子(be) better educated 知识化the laws strictly enforced 执法必严exercise the state power in the interest of the people 执政为民the cornerstone for its (the party's) governance 执政之基municipality directly under the Central Government 直辖市overlapping functions 职能交*guiding ideology 指导思想the formulation of the eleventh five-year plan 制定"十一五"计划institutional innovation 制度创新running the party, state and army 治党治国治军intellectual support 智力支持the CPC (Communist Party of China) central committee 中共中央CCCP (Central Committee of Communist Party) 中共中央委员会the seventeenth national congress of the CPC 中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会Socialism with Chinese characteristics 中国特色社会主义事业all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation 中华儿女the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 中华民族的伟大复兴the Chinese civilization 中华文明central and western regions 中西部地区central commission for discipline inspections of the CPC 中央纪委united front work department of CPC central committee 中央统战部the central committee 中央委员会the central government 中央政府loyal guards 忠诚卫士crucial historical junctions 重大历史关头significant headway 重要进展fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics 主观主义和形而上学的桎梏sovereignty and territorial integrity 主权和领土完整the principal contradiction 主要矛盾expert consulting system 专家咨询制度more professionally competent 专业化the pace of change 转变步伐a grand mission 庄严使命the allocation of resources 资源配置ceaseless self-improvement 自强不息self-governance 自治overall national strength 综合国力review our experience gained in practice 总结自己的实践经验blazing a new trail 走出一条新路子to spearhead 走在前列organizational supervision 组织监督one's home country; motherland 祖国national reunification; reunification of the motherland 祖国统一the great cause of national reunification 祖国统一大业the overwhelming majority of the people 最广大人民the broadest possible 最广泛的。
英语政治词汇
科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development社会主义和谐社会harmonious socialist society小康社会a well-off society in an all-round way中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics解放思想，实事求是emancipated the mind, seek truth from the facts马克思列宁主义Marxism-Leninism毛泽东思想Mao Zedong Thought邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory“三个代表”Thought of Three Represents始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求 Representing the development trend of China's advanced productive forces.中国先进文化的前进方向 Representing the orientation of China's advanced culture中国最广大人民的根本利益 Representing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people四个“坚定不移”坚定不移地坚持解放思想 to adhere to the emancipation of the mind adamantly,坚定不移地推进改革开放 to persist in spurring the reform and opening to the outside world坚定不移地落实科学发展，社会和谐 to promote the scientific development and social harmony perseveringly坚定不移地全面建设小康社会 to persist in building a well-off society in anall-round way一个中心、两个基本点 (以经济建设为中心, 坚持四项基本原则、坚持改革开放)One centre, two basic points (making economic development our central task, follow the policies of reform and opening up, and the Four Cardinal Principles)科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force工人阶级的先锋队vanguard of Chinese working class中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics先进生产力advanced productive forces反对帝国主义，封建主义，官僚资本主义Revolutionary struggle against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism人民民主专政People’s democratic dictatorship党的建设Party building社会主义初级阶段primary stage of socialism进一步解放生产力，发展生产力further emancipate and develop the productive forces以公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度system in which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist共同富裕common prosperity小康社会well-off society以经济建设为中心 to make economic development our central task坚持四项基本原则toadhere to the Four Cardinal Principles坚持改革开放to persevere in the reform and opening up坚持社会主义道路、坚持人民民主专政、坚持中国共产党的领导、坚持马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced modern socialist country科教兴国战略strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education社会主义市场经济socialist market economy社会主义政治文明socialist political civilization依法治国to rule the country according to law人民代表大会制度the system of people's congresses中国共产党领导下的多党合作和政治协商制度the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China民主决策、民主监督的制度和程序systems and procedures of democratic decision-making and supervision加强精神文明建设to enhance the social construction of ideological infrastructure有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的人民opeople with lofty ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline各民族平等、团结、互助equality, unity and mutual assistance among all ethnic groups in the country民族区域自治regional autonomy of ethnic minorities一国两制one country, two systems独立自主的和平外交政策 independent foreign policy of peace 霸权主义和强权政治hegemonism and power politics在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则on the basis of the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence拒腐防变resist corruption, prevent degeneration与时俱进to keep pace with the times坚持全心全意为人民服务 to persevere in serving the people wholeheartedly 群众路线mass line民主集中制democratic centralism批评和自我批评criticism and self-criticism贯彻科学发展观to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development全面建设小康社会 to build a well-off society in an all-round way经济又好又快地发展good and steady economic growth前所未有机遇和挑战unprecedented opportunities and challenges时代新要求和人民群众的新期待requirements of the time and wishes of the people制定科学的行动纲领和大政方针to make strategic outlines and policies成就举世瞩目 to achieve great success头脑清醒，实事求是realistic and sober-minded清醒认识当今世界和当代中国发展的大势 to have a clear view of today's China and the world工业化、城镇化、市场化、国际化industrialization, urbanization, marketization and internationalization.资源节约型、环境友好型社会energy-efficient, environment-friendly society推进决策科学化、民主化 to promote a scientific and democraticdecision-making process.反对官僚主义to oppose bureaucratism避免教条主义to avoid dogmatism反对形式主义to oppose formalism反对奢侈浪费to oppose extravagance反腐败斗争的长期性、艰巨性 to fight a long-time, tough war against corruption 思想上清醒、政治上坚定、作风上务实sober-minded, firm in politics, pragmatic in style经济经济又好又快地发展good and steady economic growth减少贫困reducing poverty工业化industrialization城市化urbanization市场化marketization国际化internationalization.资源节约型、环境友好型社会energy-efficient, environment-friendly society国民生产总值Gross Domestic Product (GDP)社会基础教育primary education最低生活补助minimum living/subsistence allowance节能降耗减排to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce pollutants discharge学龄儿童school-age children民主群众路线the mass line民主集中制democratic centralism批评和自我批评criticism and self-criticism反对官僚主义to oppose bureaucratism避免教条主义to avoid dogmatism反对形式主义to oppose formalism反对奢侈浪费to oppose extravagance民生people's well-being法制依法治国to rule the country according to law人民代表大会制度the system of people's congress中国共产党领导下的多党合作和政治协商制度the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China民主决策、民主监督的制度和程序:systems and procedures of democratic decision-making and supervision“民生”people's well-beingto safeguard social fairness and justice 维护社会公平和正义new socialist countryside 社会主义新农村basic living /subsistence allowance system for rural residents 农村最低生活保障制度minimum living/subsistence allowance 最低生活补助new type of rural cooperative medical care system新型农村合作医疗制度methane 沼气corporate/enterprise income tax 企业所得税property law 物权法overheated property sector 房地产市场过热low-rent housing 廉租房county-level cities 县级市to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce pollutants discharge 节能降耗减排school-age children 适龄儿童tuition assistance 助学金vocational education 职业教育pre-marital medical check-up 婚前医学检查；婚检doctor-patient relationship 医患关系substandard food and medicine 不合标准的食品和药品food and drug safety 食品医药安全tax on agricultural specialty products 农业特产税community hospitals 社区医院community healthcare system 社区医疗保健制度stay-at-home children 留守儿童rural migrant workers 农民工ice-melting/ice-thawing trip “融冰”之旅diversification of foreign exchange reserve 外汇储备多元化vulnerable group/disadvantaged group 弱势群体。
政治类英语词汇
1. 日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展develop rapidly3. 隆重集会gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平love peace5. 追求进步pursue progress6. 履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜be bound to win11. 主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action12. 和平共处coexist peacefully13. 对内开放和对外开放open up both externally and internally14. 经历两个不同时期experience two different periods15. 战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties16. 赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another17. 完全意识到be fully aware that18. 迈出重要的一步make an important step19. 采取各种措施adopt various measures20. 得出结论,告一段落draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion21. 实现民族独立realize national independence22. 追求真理seek the truth23. 建立社会主义制度establish a socialist system24. 根除(防止,消除)腐败root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption25. 响应号召respond to the call26. 进入新时期enter a new period27. 实行新政策practice new policies28. 展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality29. 增强综合国力enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and和国际竟争力international competitiveness30. 进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world31. 解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing32. 吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations33. 与日俱增increase every day34. 实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes35. 必将实现be bound to come true36. 锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army37. 建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense38. 进行和谈hold peace talks39. 修改法律amend the laws40. 在．．．中起（至关）play a major的(crucial, an important ) role in重要作用41. 对．．．做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major )contributions to42. 遵循规则follow the principles43. 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …44. 把．．．作为指导take… as the guide45. 缓和紧张状况ease the tension46. 高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner47. 解决新问题resolve new problems48. 观察当今世界observe the present-day world49. 开拓前进open up new ways forward50. 增强凝聚力enhance the rally power51. 结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talks52. 进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment53. 开始生效go into effect / enter into force54. 就．．．接受妥协accept a compromise on55. 接受．．．的采访be interviewed by56. 把……看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society57. 把……捐给慈善机构donate …to charities58. 维护世界和平maintain world peace59. 摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness60. 实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity61. 反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism62. 宣布。
政治学词汇(中英)
政治学专用词汇一院制 Unicameral一党制国家 One—party States人权 Human rights人权宣言 Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会 Trade unions下议院 House of Commons上议院 House of Lords个人主义 Individualism女权主义 Feminism马列主义 Marxism—Leninism马克思主义 Marxism马基雅维里主义 Machiavelli王权 Crown无产阶级 Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat 无政府主义 Anarchism专制 Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权 Separation of powers公共行政 Public administration公民权利 Civil rights公民自由 Civil liberties正义 Justice可审判性 Justiciability平等 Equality奴隶制 Slavery占统治地位的党 Dominant party代表 Delegate代议员 Representative代议制政府 Representative government代表制 Representation主权 Sovereignty市民社会 Civil society市（镇）长 Major立宪主义 Constitutionalism立宪政体 Constitutional government立法机关 Legislatures 立法否决 Legislative veto立法委员会 Legislative committees立法起草 Legislative drafting半总统制 Semi-presidential systems议长 Speaker议会制度 Parliamentary system司法机构 Judiciary司法行政官 Magistrate司法审查 Judicial review民主 Democracy民主党 Democratic Party民主集中制 Democratic centralism民意测验 Opinion polls共产党 Communist Parties共和国 Republic机构/制度 Institution权力 Power权利 Rights权利法案 Bill of rights权威 Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官 Prefect地方政府 Local government地方政府财政 Local government finance 地方政治 Local politics同意 Consent同意投票 Approval voting团体理论 Group theory邦联 Confederation邦联条例 Articles of Confederation自由 Freedom自由党 Liberal parties自由裁量权 Discretion自决 Self-determination自治 Self-government自治领 Dominion行为主义 Behaviouralism行政 Administration行政机关 Executives行政委员 Administrative board行政法庭 Administrative tribunal行政法院 Administrative court州长 Governor多元主义 Pluralism多元社会 Plural society多头制 Polyarchy多数派政府 Majority government多数统治 Majority rule决策 Decision making决策理论 Decision theory农奴制 Serfdom阶层/阶级 Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯 Madison,James苏格拉底 Socrates极权主义 Totalitarianism否决权 Veto投票 Voting投票率 Turnout护宪 Entrenchment财产权 Property利益 Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团 Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体 Community社团主义 Corporatism社会主义 Socialism社会民主主义 Social democracy社会契约论 Social contract君主制 Monarchy责任 Responsibility责任政府 Responsible government直接民主 Direct democracy直接行动 Direct action托马斯.杰斐逊 Thomas.Jefferson欧洲议会 European Parliament欧洲共同体 European Community歧视 Discrimination国际法 International Law国家 State国家元首 Head of state国家消亡 Withering away of the state 国家财政危机 Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗 Civil disobedience非暴力行为 Non-violent action制定法 Statute Law制衡 Checks and balance委任 Patronage委员会 Commission质询 Interpellation法 Law法令 Act法官 Judge法治 Rule of law法律的正当程序 Due process of law法案，议案 Bill宗教自由 Freedom of religion审判 Adjudication审查制度 Censorship官僚制/官僚 Bureaucracy实证主义 Positivism封建主义 Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution 政体 Polity政纲 platform政变Coup D’etat政府 Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑 Head of government政府调查 Public inquiry政治 Politics政治义务 Political obligation政治文化 Political culture政治中的种族问题 Race in politics政治心理学 Political psychology政治发展 Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究 Political behaviour政治地理学 Political geography政治权力 Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通 Political communication政治体系/政治系统 Political system政治参与 Political participation政治财政 Political finance政治科学 Political science政治社会化 Political socialization政治社会学 Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度 Political attitudes政治腐败 Political corruption政治继承 Political succession政治理论 Political theory政治暴力 Political violence政治影响 Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio 政党分赃制 Spoils system政党认同 Party identification政党代表大会 Party convention政党功能 Parties,political:functions of 政党组织 Party organization政党核心集团 Machine政党秘密会议 Caucus政策分析 Policy analysis政策实施 Implementation政策输出研究 Policy output studies城市政府 City government城邦国家 City state贵族/贵族制 Aristocracy思想库 Think tank守政府 Caretaker government选区 Constituency选民登记 Registration of electors选择投票 Ticket-splitting选择领导 Leadership selection选举 Elections选举团 Electoral college选举纲领 Election program选举制度 Electoral system选票 Ballot重农主义 Physiocracy重划选区 Redistribution重商主义 Mercantilism 种族灭绝 Genocide种族主义 Racism种族隔离 Apartheid顺从 Deference保守主义 Conservatism保守党 Conservative parties保护主义 Clientelism修正主义 Revisionism独立机构 Independent agency独立宣言 Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义 Authoritarianism独裁制 Autocracy帝国 Empire帝国主义 Imperialism美国革命 American Revolution美国国会 Congress美国辉格党 Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime ministerPrime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工 General strike总督 Governor-General派别 Faction咨询和同意 Advice and consent宣传 Propaganda宪法 Constitutional law宪法规约 Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治 Theocracy神授王权 Divine right of kings费边主义 Fabianism绝对专制主义 Absolutism统治阶级 Ruling class统治能力 Governability恐怖 Terror恐怖主义 Terrorism格劳修斯 Grotius监护 Tutelage监察专员 Ombudsman党派首领 Boss罢免 Recall恩格斯 Engels缺席投票 Absence voting特权 Prerogative特许状 Charter秘密警察 Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择 candidate selection爱国主义 Patriotism被保护国 Protectorate竞争性政党制度 Competitive party system 竞选运动 Election campaign部门 Department部长，部 Minister/Ministry部长会议 Council of Ministers准司法 Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织 Quango资历制 Seniority资产阶级 Bourgeoisie资本主义 Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义 Romanticism宽容 Toleration家长型控制 Paternalism调查委员会 Select committee预算，预算编制 Budget/Budgeting陪审团 Jury理性 Rationality理性选择方法 Rational choice教权主义 Clericalism教会与国家 Church and State基本权利 Fundamental right基层党组织 Primary party organization 职能代表 Functional representation授权立法 Delegated legislation授权学说 Mandate theory常设委员会 Standing committee累计投票 Cumulative vote唯心主义 Idealism领导 Leadership第二院，上议院 Second chambers康德 Kant混合政府 Mixed government 弹劾 Impeachment隐私 Privacy殖民统治 Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主 Consociational democracy联合国 United Nations联邦制 Federalism联邦党人文集 Federalist Papers联盟，联合 League超载 Overload超国家政府 Supranational government 博爱 Fraternity斯大林 Stalin斯宾诺莎 Spinoza亚当.斯密 Adam.Smith最低下限 Droop quota最高行政法院 Conseil d’A etat最高法院 Supreme court黑格尔 Hegal辉格党与托利党 Whigs and Tories等级 Estates集体主义 Collectivism集体行动 Collective action集体领导 Collective leadership集合理论 Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票 Block vote普通法 Common law游说 Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票 Compulsory voting鼓励性行动 Affirmative action马丁.路德 Martin.Luther解散议会 Dissolution of parliament 意识形态 Ideology新左派 New Left新右派 New Right新政 New deal新教政党 Protestant parties福利国家 Welfare state群众性政党 Mass membership party僭主制/暴政 Tyranny寡头制 Oligarchy寡头政治铁律 Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义 Elites,Elitism精英理论 Doctrine of elites腐败选区 Rotten borough弊政 Maladministration熊彼特 Schumpeter影子内阁 Shadow cabinet暴力 Violence潘恩 Paine 霍布斯 Hobbes穆勒 Mill激进主义 Radicalism激进政党 Radical parties整体主义 Holism辩证法 Dialectic辩证唯物主义 Dialectical materialism 警察 Police警察国家 Police state。
政治英语词汇
政治英语词汇request the consent of ... 征求…的同意Information service新闻处diplomat外交官diplomatic rank外交官衔diplomatic representative 外交代表ambassador大使ambassador-at-large巡回大使special envoy特使counselor参赞consul-general总领事consul领事charge d'affaires代办attache随员commercial attache商务专员cultural attache文化专员military attache武官foreign affairs外交事务diplomatic practice外交惯例diplomatic immunities外交豁免diplomatic privileges外交特权diplomatic channels外交途径diplomatic courier外交信使diplomatic bag外交邮袋diplomatic pouch外交邮袋letter of credence/credentials 国书communique公报announcement公告announcement通告letter of introduction介绍书National People's Congress全国人民代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会Standing committee常务委员会National Committee全国委员会Chairman委员长Vice Chairpersons副委员长State Council国务院Premier总理Vice Premier副总理State Councillors国务委员Central Committee中央委员会State President国家主席Chairman主席Vice Chairman副主席General Secretary总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court最高人民法院Ministry of Finance财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education教育部Ministry of Personnel人事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement声明mutual recognition互相承认de jure recognition法律承认de facto recognition事实上承认identification card身份证Ministry of Justice司法部Propaganda Department宣传部People's organization人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部Consulate-general总领事馆Consulate领事馆Liaison office联络处Military attache's office武官处certificate of appointment委任证书exequatur许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret表示遗憾object to提出异议take up a matter with向…交涉lodge a protest with向…提出抗议verbal note普通照会circular note通知照会normalization正常化present one's credentials递交国书exchange ambassadors互派大使persona grata受欢迎的人during one's absence离任期间declaration/manifesto宣言letter of recall召回公文note(外交)照会formal note正式照会establish consular relations建立领事关系assume one's post就任resume diplomatic relations恢复外交关系1 站在新起点on a new starting point2 创新型国家innovation-oriented country3 资源节约型社会resource-conserving society4 资源型城市转型transformation of resource-dependent cities5 区别对待，有保有压the principle of taking different approaches to different situations and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others6 “五个统筹” maintain the "five balances" (balancing urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development,development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening up to the outside world)7 鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy8 发扬成绩build on our achievements9 环保专项治理special projects to address serious environmental problems10 保护天然林protect virgin forests11 退牧还草return grazing land to grassland阿12 退耕还林还草return farmland to forests or grassland13 石漠化spread of stony deserts14 防沙治沙prevent and control desertification15 生态补偿机制a mechanism for ecological compensation16 农村综合试点改革trials of comprehensive rural reform17 农机具补贴subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools18 良种补贴subsidies for growing superior grain cultivators19 多予少取放活the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control (to increase rural incomes)20 “三提五统” "three deductio ns" (for public reserve funds, public welfare funds and management fees) and the "five charges" (charges for rural education, family planning, militia training, rural road construction and subsidies to entitled groups)21看病难、看病贵，上学难、上学贵the difficulty and high cost of getting medical treatment and receiving an education22 粮食安全food safety23 农村劳动力转移培训job training for farm laborers looking for urban employment24 防止“一哄而起” avoid herd mentality25 农村信用社体制the system of rural credit cooperatives26 牧业税livestock tax27 资源税resource tax28 农业面源污染widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area29 政策性关闭破产policy-based closure and bankruptcy30 企业分离办社会relieve enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs31 城市和国有企业厂办大集体collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities32 上市公司股权分置改革reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies33 人民币汇率形成机制改革reform of the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate34 利率形成和传导机制setting and transmitting interest rates35 国债余额管理方式the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt36 建立财政性科技投入稳定增长机制establish a mechanism to ensure stable growth of government investment in science and technology37 坚持国家绝对控股keep a controlling share in the state''s hands38 强化银行资本充足率约束strengthen capital requirements for banks39 政府收支分类改革reformation of the classification of government revenue and expenditures40 投资主体和产权多元化investment from various sources and diversified ownership41 完善国有资产监管体制，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度strengthen the oversight system for state assets by establishing a sound operating and budget system for state capital, a sound performance evaluation system and a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets42 提高系统集成能力improve systems integration43 控制新增产能control expansion of production capacity44 废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用comprehensive utilization of waste materials and recovery and recycling of used resources45 资源开发补偿机制、衰退产业援助机制mechanisms to compensate for resource depletion and to aid declining industries46 突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系medical treatment system for public health emergencies47 乡镇卫生院health clinics in towns and townships48 公共文化基础设施culture-related facilities for public use49 城市低保对象urban residents entitled to basic living allowances50 完善城市低保制度improve the system of urban subsistence allowances中国特色词汇库（一）分类:英语学习C采取高姿态show magnanimity采取市场多元化战略adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market菜篮子工程shopping basket program参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wild grass)层层转包和违法分保multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting差额投票differential voting差额选举competitive election拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition搀水股票water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)产粮大省granary province产量比1997年增加了2倍the output has increased 3 times (registered a3-fold increase; increased 200%)compared with 1997产品结构product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代upgrading of industries产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure长二捆LM-2E长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 长线产品product in excessive supply畅通工程"Smooth Traffic Project"唱高调mouth high-sounding words超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed computer超前消费over consuming, excessive consumption彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force城市规划city's landscaping plan; urban planning城市中年雅皮士muppie (由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成)城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇社会保障体系urban social security system吃大锅饭egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot" 吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supports from the government重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate出口转内销domestic sales of commodities originally produced for exports 传销multi-level marketing创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park吹风会(advanced) briefing春蕾计划Spring Buds Program春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy粗放式管理extensive management促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy存款保证金guaranty money for depositsE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation恶性循环vicious circle二板市场; 创业板市场second board (on the country's stock market)二次创业start a new undertaking二元经济dual economyF法轮功Falun Gong Cult发烧友fancier; zealot; enthusiastic fan发行股票、债券issue shares and bonds发扬优良传统carry forward the fine traditions发优惠券以促销issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales发展不平衡disparate development发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance. / Development is the absolute need.发展新兴产业和高技术产业develop rising and high-tech industries发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业develop animal husbandry (livestock farming),aquaculture and forestry法治国家 a country under the rule of law法制国家 a state with an adequate legal system翻两番quadruple反不正当竞争法Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means反对铺张浪费oppose/combat extravagance and waste反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government反倾销anti-dumping防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)防洪工程flood-prevention project防止经济过热prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy) 防止国有资产流失prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets防止泡沫经济avoid a bubble economy (too many bubbles in the economy)房管real estate management非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL)费改税transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market. 分流reposition of redundant personnel分流下岗人员争取再就业redirect laid-off workers for reemployment分期付款installment payment分税制system of tax distribution（产品）分销sub underwriting, distribution粉领族pink-collar tribe (Women who play major role in certain professions such as office workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc)风险投资venture capital; risk investment封闭式基金close-ended fund福利彩票welfare lotteries福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system浮动工资floating wages; fluctuating wages扶贫、脱贫poverty reduction and elimination复式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment (a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building)G改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师the chief architect of China's reform, opening and modernization drive改进产业结构和产品结构improve the industrial pattern and product mix该公司股票已经上市the stock of the company have been listed (have gone public, have been launched)改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.赶上或超过国际先进水平catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels 干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong高产优质high yield and high quality高度自治high degree of autonomy高官会Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)高级商务师Certified Business Executive高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaoping Theory高科技板块high-tech sector高新技术产业开发区high and new technology industrial development zone根本政治制度fundamental political system个人收入应税申报制度the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment个人所得税individual income tax个体户self-employed households /people个体工商业者individual industrialists and businessman跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程公司engineering company工商局industrial and commercial bureau工薪阶层salariat; state employee; salaried person工业控制一体化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration 工业园区industrial park公费医疗medical services at state expense公告板服务Bulletin Board Service (BBS)公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds公开喊价市场open outcry markets公款吃喝recreational activities using public funds公司分立与解散separation and dissolution of a company公务员public servants; civil servants; government functionaries; government employees公益林public welfare forest公正、公平、公开just, fair and open公证财产notarize the properties共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party狗仔队dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)购买力purchasing power骨干企业key enterprise股本金equity capital股份合作制the joint stock cooperative system股份制the joint stock system股票热降温了the stock craze has abated股市指数the stock market (exchange) index股市指数突破1300点大关the stock index broke the 1300-poit mark股指暴跌，跌幅7.8%，以14.3元探底the index slumped 7.8 percent to 14.3 Yuan鼓励兼并，规范破产encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures挂职1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself)2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit关税壁垒customs barrier; tariff wall光谷optical valley光机电一体化optical, mechanical and electronic integration光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine光通讯photo-communication; optical communication广告电话直销direct response advertising广域网wide area network (WAN)国家公务员制度the system of public services国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua国家一级保护first-grade State protection国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家指定考试government-mandated test国库券treasury bonds国民党Kuomintang国民经济支柱产业pillar industries in national economy国内生产总值/国民生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National Product)国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond过度开垦excess reclamationH函授大学correspondence university合理引导消费guide rational consumption合议庭collegiate bench核销cancel after verification黑店gangster inn中国特色词汇库（二）分类:英语学习黑客hacker黑社会Mafia-style organizations; gangland恒生指数（香港）宽幅震荡the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently宏观调控macro-control红包（中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback红帽子企业red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim胡子工程long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)互动广告interactive advertisement户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system, residence registration system户主head of a household"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" public grain funds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state灰色收入income from moonlighting婚外恋extramarital love活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)货币化monetization货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款cash on deliveryJ机场建设费airport construction fee机构臃肿overstaffing in organizations (government)基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本国情fundamental realities of the country基层民主democracy at the grassroots level基层组织organizations at the grass-roots level基础设施工程第一期the first phase of the infrastructure project基因工程genetic engineering积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)积极培育新的经济增长点actively cultivate new points of economic growth 绩优股blue chip集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划单列市city specifically designated in the state plan计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market; technology property right exchange技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensive industries技术更新/改造technological updating /renovation技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers加班work extra shifts加快经济结构调整accelerate economic restructuring加密encrypt加权平均值weighted average加强物质文明和精神文明的建设foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress加强优生、优育improve prenatal and postnatal care加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system家族企业family firm假唱lip-synch假动作deception, feint假日经济holiday economy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences监督部门watchdog尖端产品highly sophisticated products艰苦创业的精神the hardworking and enterprising spirit剪彩cut the ribbon剪刀差the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ...减负alleviate burdens on sb.减轻农民负担lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers)减员增效downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency建设性战略伙伴关系 a constructive strategic partnership讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating教育部社政司Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education街道企业neighborhood enterprise解放生产力emancipate the productive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts解困基金anti-poverty funds解决他们的温饱问题provide them with adequate food and clothing金融电子化computerize financial services金税工程Golden Tax Project紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises近海渔业offshore fishery进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进口渗透import penetration进修班class for further studies禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 经常性贷款commercial lending经常性支出running expenses经济发展全球化的趋势the globalization trend in economic development经济法制化to manage economic affairs according to law; to put economic operation on a legal basis经济技术开发区an economic and technological development zone经济林cash tree经济全球化economic globalization; economic integration经济市场化/私有化the mercerization/privatization of the economy经济失调指数misery index经济体制改革economic restructuring经济头脑commercially minded people; people with business sense经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺an economic depression (slump, recession)/an economic takeoff/an economic boom经济转轨switch to a market economy经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system精简各级政府机构streamline government departments at all levels精简机构streamline government organs精品competitive products京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Beijing opera景泰蓝cloisonné九届二次全国人民代表大会the second session of the 9th National People's Congress九届全国人大五次会议the Fifth Session of the Ninth NPC九五攻关State Key Task 95就业前和在职培训pre-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training纠正行业不正之风rectify malpractice in various trades居委会neighborhood committee; residents' committee局域网local area network (LAN)举报电话informants' hot-line telephone拒载refuse to take passengers君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship greenK卡丁车kart开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity开工典礼commencement ceremony开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means开题报告opening speech; opening report开小灶give special favor开夜车burn the midnight oil; work over night坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea抗震棚quake-proof shelter考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools考研热the craze for graduate school科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量technology content科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科研攻关scientific research and tackle the key research project可持续发展sustainable development刻录机CD writer; disc-carving machine扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入the annual per-captia income in real terms (allowing for inflation )跨国公司transnational corporation (transactional, multinational corporation ,multinational)跨世纪工程 a trans-century project跨越式发展great-leap-forward development快讯news flash; flash宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks宽限期grace period亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit困难职工the needy扩大/缩小地区发展差距widen/narrow the gap/disparity betweenregions/localities in terms of development扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumptionL垃圾债券junk bond拉动经济增长fuel economic growth来料加工process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing劳动合同制labor contract system劳务输出export of labor services劳务招聘会 a labor fair; a job fair老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise, old name in business离退休人员基本养老金basic pensions for retirees"篱笆墙" barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.理货公司tally company礼仪小姐ritual girl利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery利好因素wrinkle立体农业three-dimensional agriculture连续五年丰收bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in a row, for five years running, for five years on end, for the fifth consecutive year) 廉政建设construction of a clean and honest administration廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government廉洁奉公，以正治国(of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with hisown example of uprightness联产承包责任制system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; contract system with remuneration linked to output联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises联想集团Legend Group练摊to be a vendor中国特色词汇库（三）分类:英语学习良性循环virtuous circle粮食收购部门(government's) grain procurement (purchasing) agencies粮油关系：grain and oil rationing registration两岸直航促进会Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation两弹一艇A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine"两个对等的政治实体" two equal political entities两个文明一起抓place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress两手抓两手都要硬We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritual civilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without any letup."两思"（致富思源，富而思进）to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress after becoming affluence老少边穷地区former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods; lemon (口语)零配件spare and accessory parts留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary留学咨询：consulting on the study abroad流动人口transient population流动图书馆travelling library; bookmobile(行业中的)龙头老大leading enterprise; flagship of the industry乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines裸机：bare mobile phone绿地覆盖率forest coverage rate绿化afforestation绿色急救通道emergency green path绿色食品green foodM马路菜场入室工程the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors马太效应the Matthew effect (A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishments and reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficulty achieving accomplishments. )盲流和倒流人员transient from the countryside冒充包装（销售）[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packaging买一送一two-for-one offer, buy one get one free门前三包be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order in a designated area outside the unit building蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt蒙古大夫quack民办教师citizen-managed teachers (teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schools who do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)民工潮farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities民进党Democratic Progressive Party民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce, personages without party affiliation民族凝聚力national cohesion民族委员会ethnic affairs commission民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture名牌产品famous-brand products ,brand named product明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transparent consumption母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处the parent company/subsidiary/branch/representative office目标管理management by objectivesNNASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations纳米nanometer南水北调South-to-North water diversion南水北调工程the project of diverting water from the south to the north耐用消费品durable consumer items (goods)内环路inner ring road内联企业enterprises with internal connections能官能民be ready to both serve as an official and be one of the common people能进能出，能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots 能进能出，能上能下,方谓好汉He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to be called a brave man.能上网的手机WAP phone内耗in-fighting年度国家预算annual State budget年同比year-on-year; on an annual basis农村/城市信用合作社rural/urban credit cooperatives农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labour (labourers)农副业产品agricultural (farm) and sideline products牛市/熊市 a bull/bear marketP派出所local police station泡沫经济bubble economy培养跨世纪人才bring up (foster) cross-century (trans-century) specialists配股allotment of shares配套政策supporting policies棚户shacks; family that live in shacks碰钉子get snubbed碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)疲软股票soft stock皮包公司bogus company票贩子scalper, ticket tout票房box office骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency by false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor平均主义equalitarianism瓶颈制约bottleneck restrictions普选制general election systemQ期房forward delivery housing企业孵化器enterprise incubator企业文化corporate culture敲竹杠fleece, overcharge, make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick切入点point of penetration; breakthrough point轻轨火车light rail train情感消费emotional consumption区位商业location-based commerce取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot”; abolish egalitarianism取消福利分房abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of public housing全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress全国人民代表大会（简称全国人大）National People's Congress (NPC) 全国人民代表大会主席团the NPC Presidium全国人民代表大会常务委员会the NPC Standing Committee全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee全面投产开工go into (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully operational全民健身计划纲要outline of the nationwide body-building plan全球定位系统global positioning system (GPS)全球通global system for mobile communications全体会议plenary meeting全天候飞机all-weather aircraft全优工程all-round excellent project拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster裙带风nepotism; petticoat influence裙带关系networking through petticoat influence群言堂allow everybody to air his view; let everyone have his say; speak one's mind freely权贵资本主义(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义) crony capitalismR燃油附加税bunker surcharge热岛效应tropical island effect。
各个学科的英文单词
各个学科的英文单词1. 数学：Mathematics2. 物理：Physics3. 化学：Chemistry4. 生物：Biology5. 地理：Geography6. 历史：History7. 政治：Political Science8. 经济：Economics9. 语文：Chinese Language and Literature10. 英语：English11. 音乐：Music12. 美术：Art13. 体育：Physical Education14. 信息技术：Information Technology15. 心理学：Psychology16. 哲学：Philosophy17. 法学：Law18. 社会学：Sociology19. 伦理学：Ethics20. 教育学：Education这些学科英文单词涵盖了从自然科学到人文社会科学的各个领域，为我们在学习、研究和国际交流中提供了便利。
掌握这些单词，有助于我们更好地了解世界，拓宽视野。
各个学科的英文单词拓展21. 天文学：Astronomy天体物理学：Astrophysics宇宙学：Cosmology22. 地质学：Geology地球物理学：Geophysics水文学：Hydrology23. 生态学：Ecology环境科学：Environmental Science野生动物保护：Wildlife Conservation24. 计算机科学：Computer Science软件工程：Software Engineering25. 工程学：Engineering机械工程：Mechanical Engineering电子工程：Electrical Engineering26. 医学：Medicine内科学：Internal Medicine外科学：Surgery27. 护理学：Nursing成人护理：Adult Nursing儿科护理：Pediatric Nursing28. 建筑学：Architecture城市规划：Urban Planning室内设计：Interior Design29. 语言学：Linguistics语音学：Phonetics语义学：Semantics30. 跨学科研究：Interdisciplinary Studies文化研究：Cultural Studies全球研究：Global Studies了解这些学科的英文单词及其细分领域，不仅有助于我们在学术道路上不断前行，还能让我们在全球化的今天，更好地与国际同行交流与合作，共同推动人类文明的进步。
英文敏感词汇
英文敏感词汇
-种族相关词汇：Racism（种族主义）、Racial discrimination（种族歧视）、Racial profiling（种族貌相）、Racist（种族主义者）、Stereotype（刻板印象）等。
-性别相关词汇：Sexism（性别歧视）、Gender discrimination（性别歧视）、Patriarchy （父权制）、Misogyny（厌女症）、Feminism（女权主义）等。
-宗教相关词汇：Religion（宗教）、Religious discrimination（宗教歧视）、Blasphemy （亵渎）、Intolerance（不容忍）、 Atheism（无神论）等。
-政治相关词汇：Politics（政治）、Political correctness（政治正确）、Ideology （意识形态）、Democracy（民主）、Freedom（自由）等。
-社会问题相关词汇：Social inequality（社会不平等）、Poverty（贫困）、Homelessness （无家可归）、Criminal justice system（刑事司法系统）、Social justice（社会公正）等。
需要注意的是，敏感词汇的定义和使用可能因文化、地域和个人背景而有所不同。
在交流中，我们应该尊重他人的观点和感受，避免使用可能引起争议或冒犯的词汇。
政治学专业英语词汇
政治学专业英语词汇一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations 分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice平等Equality可审判性Justiciability奴隶制Slavery执政党Dominant party在野党out-party 代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government 代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power 权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation 自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制，多头政治Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government 多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison, James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting 投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech, expression, and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility 责任政府Responsible government 直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas 欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state 国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity 政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration 政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能functions of Parties政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college 选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence 独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism 独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government 总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman 党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization 职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government 弹劾Impeachment 隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government 博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin 斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith, Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization 强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament 意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party 僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration 熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill 黑格尔Hegal激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 警察Police警察国家Police state。
英文报纸国际新闻必备词汇-政治、军事
英文报纸国际新闻必备词汇（政治、军事）1.agendaInformation Agenda信息议程public agenda公众议程；公共议程；公众议题；公共议题policy agenda政策议程；政策议题；施政纲领agendum agenda的单数in agenda既定日程；既定议程；时间表Agenda Daily每日议程political agenda政治议程；治议程；意和政治方案system agenda系统议程；系统战略；宣布推出系统战略research agenda研究议程；一份研究建议；研究主题2.alliancelogistics alliance物流联盟；物流同盟；联盟Star Alliance星空联盟；星空同盟；星际联盟；明星联盟Oneworld Alliance寰宇一家；寰宇一家联盟；航空联盟；环宇一家Yoga Alliance瑜珈联盟；瑜伽联盟；美国瑜伽联盟；全美瑜伽联盟Grand Alliance大联盟；伟大联盟；脱离船运业大联组织；联盟Ethernet Alliance以太网联盟；乙太网路联盟；乙太网联盟；以太网络联盟Alliance Bank安联银行；联合银行；联盟银行Ivalice Alliance伊瓦利斯联盟；伊瓦利斯同盟；伊瓦莉斯联盟Horizontal alliance横向联合；横向联盟3.allyTrusted Ally信赖的盟友ally with使结盟Ally McCoist麦考伊斯特；雅利·麦哥斯；阿利·麦考伊斯特；阿利·麦科伊斯特ally adversary联盟Ally Financial金融公司；联合汽车金融公司；联盟财务ally arm支架Planar Ally异界誓盟Ally Walker沃克4.amendParticia Amend阿曼德amend contract好球员就要续签chart amend图的更正AMND Amend修改U amend更新Routing amend路由更新horizontal amend水平回描air amend气动平衡amend something适度修补5.anarchismEnvironmentalist anarchism环境保护无政府主义Workable anarchism可运作的无政府主义anarchism badge防暴警察Islamic anarchism伊斯兰教无政府主义Communitarian anarchism自由意志社会主义Mitigated Anarchism小政府主义Traditional anarchism无政府主义individualist anarchism无政府主义；个人无政府主义Insurrectionary anarchism暴动无政府主义6.apartheidTourist Apartheid游客种族隔离After Apartheid后种族隔离时代Global Apartheid全球隔离体制Apartheid Era南非种族隔离Apartheid Wall种族隔离墙apartheid policy种族隔离政策apartheid economy种族隔离经济political apartheid政治隔离Apartheid Act全面反种族隔离法7.appeasement policy 姑息政策8.Arab League9.assasinate10.a sylum11.a uthorities12.a utonomy13.b an14.b ill15.b ipartisan16.b oycott17.b ureaucracy18.b y-election19.c abinet20.c hamber21.c andidate22.c hamber23.c oalition24.c ommunique25.c onservative26.c onstitutional27.c ontainment28.c onvene29.c ridentials30.d elegation31.d emocracy32.d epose33.d esegregation34.d iplomat35.e mbassy36.e nforce37.f action38.h ijack39.i mpeach40.i mperialism41.i ntegration42.i ntransigent43.i ron curtain44.i solationism45.l eftist46.l egislation47.l obby48.m ass49.m easure50.m ilitarism51.m onarchy52.N ATO53.n ationalism54.n egotiation55.n onaligned56.p arliament57.t he House of Lords58.t he House of Commons59.p oll60.p ortfolio61.p remier62.p rime minister63.p ropaganda64.p ublic hearing65.p urge66.q uorum67.r acialism68.r ecess69.r ed tape70.R epresentative71.r ightist72.r uling pary73.s anction74.e conomic sanction75.s eat76.s eparatism77.s ession78.s ocialism79.s pokesman80.s uffrage81.s ummit82.t erm83.t otalitarianism84.t reason85.u ltimatum86.A BM(antiballistic missile)87.a ctivate88.a ggression89.a ir-to-air missile90.A MM(antimissile missile)91.a mmunition92.a nnihilate93.a rmed forces94.a rms control95.a ssault96.b allistic missile97.b elligerence98.a ircraft carrier99.C BW(chemical and biological weapon) 100.cease-firemando102.conchie103.contingent104.conventional weapons105.convoy106.cruiser107.disarmament108.escalate109.genocide110.GI111.GI Jane112.GI Joe113.GM( Guided missile)114.guerrilla115.hawk116.Hydrogen bomb117.ICBM( Intercontinental Ballistic Missile)118.intercepter119.jet fighter120.neutrality121.pentagon122.PLO123.recruit124.sham fight125.task force126.trenc127.truce128.veteran129.withdraw[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
关于政治的英文词汇
constitution 宪法legislation立法Democrats民主党Republicans共和Amendment修正案Congress美国国Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举veto 否决poll 投票，投票数，民意测验office holding 任职American Revolution美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民percapita 人均treason 叛国 conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 遣责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合attache [法语] 随行人员glasnost [俄语] 公开性；开放jujitsu [日语] 柔术karate [日语] 空手道laissez-faire [法语] 自由主义Lebensraum [德语] 生存空间per annum [拉丁语] 每年rapport [法语] 和睦；友好rendezvous [法语] 约会(地点)sumo [日语相扑karaoke; judo; per capita; tai chi chuan;Big Apple (大苹果)美国纽约市Big Board (纽约证券交易所的大行情板)纽约证券所／纽约股市Broadway (百老汇大街)美国或纽约市商业性戏剧(业)City of Angels (天使城)洛杉矶City of Brotherly Love (博爱城)费城City by the Golden Gate (金门城)旧金山市Crescent City (新月城)新奥尔良市Dice City (赌城)(美国以夜总会和赌场著称的)拉斯韦加斯市Empire State (帝国州)纽约州Fun City (逍遥城)纽约市Golden State (黄金州)加利福尼亚州Hollywood (好莱坞)美国电影业；美国电影界Hub of the Universe(宇宙中心)波士顿市Madison Avenue( 美国广告业中心)麦迪逊大街美国广告业／美国商业Mother of Presidents (总统之母)美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州Steel City (钢城)匹兹堡市.Windy City (多风城)芝加哥市White House(白宫)美国政府；美国总统the City [(英国首都伦敦市中心)伦敦城] 英国商业界；英国金融界Fleet Street (舰队街)英国新闻界Scotland Yard (苏格兰场；伦敦警察局)伦敦警方Elysee [(法国总统官邱)爱丽舍宫]法国政府；法国总统Maginot Line [(第二次大战前法国所筑防御阵地体系)马其诺防线]盲目行动；迷恋于维持现状Quai d'Orsay [(法国外交部附近地名)凯道赛码头]法国外交部；法国外交政策；法国政府Bermuda／Bermuda Triangle [百慕大(魔鬼)三角]危险的禁区Horn of Africa (非洲之角)索马里和埃塞俄比亚cancer-causing drug致癌药物policy-making body 决策机构Peace-keeping force 维和部队Oil-producing country 产油国long-standing issue由来己久的问题 wide-spreading AIDS 到处蔓延的艾滋病high-ranking official高级官员far-reaching significance深远意义blood-cemented friendship 鲜血凝成的友谊贫困地区poverty-stricken area外向型经济export-oriented economy deep-rooted social problems 根深蒂固的社会问题quick-frozen food 速冻食品foreign-owned enterprise外资企业long-faced job loser愁眉苦脸的失业者dimly-lit room 光线昏暗的房间well-informed source 消息灵通人士richly-paid job薪水丰厚的工作highly-sophisticated technology尖端技术inflation-proof deposit 保值储蓄vehicle-free promenade/ street 步行街interest-free loan无息贷款labor-intensive enterprise 劳动力密集型企业arms-reduction talks 裁军谈判year-end report 年终报告labor-management conflict 劳资冲突供求失调supply-demand imbalance long-term，low-interest loan长期低息贷款top-level talk 最高级会谈fair-trade agreement互惠贸易协定long-range nuclear missile远程核导弹100-metre dash百米赛跑one-man government 独裁政府one-way street 单向道21-gun salute 21响礼炮face-to-face talk 会晤；面晤hand-to-mouth pay 温饱工资ground-to-air missile地对空导弹dusk-to-dawn curfew彻夜宵禁touch-and-go affair 一触即发的局势middle-of-the-road policy 中立政策be-kind-to-animal campaign 保护动物运动see-while-you-talk phone 可视电话.good-to-excellent care无微不至的关怀on-the-spot interview现场采访on-the-job training; 在职培训;one-country-two-system policy 一国两制的政策China’s actual conditions中国国情be honest in performing one’s official d uties廉洁奉公build a clean and honest government; c onstruction of a clean government廉政建设 abuse of power for personal gain；misuse of power for private interest以权谋私corruption reporting centre举报中心 be responsible for one's own profit and loss自负盈亏jack up price哄抬物价single youth above the normal matrimo nial age大龄青年high-tech business incubator; pioneer p ark创业园“物质文明”（material progress ）、（intellectual and ideological developm ent）、“宰客”（rip off）、“打白条”（issue IOUs）关系网（network of personal connections ）、“下海”（risk one’s fortune in business）、“跳槽”（job-hop）euthanasia（安乐死），AIDS艾滋病elevated highways（高架道路）information superhighway信息高速公路value-added tax （增值税），hula hoop（呼拉圈），surfing （冲浪运动），talk show（访谈节目；谈话类节目)lucky draw抽奖vicious circle 恶性循环Yangtze River delta长江三角洲tax avoidance避税localization本土化；本地化settling-in allowance安家费interdisciplinary talent复合型人才jerry-built project豆腐渣工程worse off than some, better off than many比上不足，比下有余fight corruption and build a clean government反腐倡廉real estate market房地产市场Comfortable Housing Project安居工程distribution according to one's performance按劳分配to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house 按揭购房Service industry/ service trade窗口行业Pet clinic宠物医院Inter-city train城际列车Green hand菜鸟，新手Multinational company跨国公司Passive smoking; second-hand smoking被动吸烟Copyright reserved版权所有Money worship拜金主义Start from scratch白手起家century-old shop百年老店Host country东道国countdown倒计时Crack down on fake products 打假Protective umbrella保护伞find a sugar daddy;.be a mistress for a rich man;lean on a moneybag傍大款National Committee of the Chinese Peo ple's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC)迎难而上 face difficulties squarely work with courage and determination, 奋勇拼搏艰难险阻all difficulties and obstacle 保持平稳较快增长maintain steady and rapid growth社会事业 social programfight against massive natural disaster （抗击特大自然灾害）残奥会 Paralympicsthe Shenzhou VII manned space missio nsocialism with Chinese characteristics （中国特色社会主义）奋勇前进 bravely forge ahead宏观经济政策 macroeconomic policies 复杂多变 complex and volatile预见性、针对性和有效性 proactive, targeted and effective。
西方政治常用词汇补充
Part 1 Party Politics 政党政治candidateCaucus 党团会议Coalition 联合Grass-root 群众性的，基层的G.O.P 共和党Left and right 左派，右派Neo-conservatism 新保守主义New Left 新左派Populist 平民党党员，亲民的Radical 激进派Part 2 election 选举Absentee ballot 缺席选举Arena 竞技场Throw one’s gloves/hat into the ringBandwagon 宣传车Hop on the bandwagonCensus 人口普查参议院每州两席众议院每州按人口比例决定Coattail 衣尾效应Time 94 president bush’s coat has no tailsFavorite son 本地区拥戴的人物假如侯选人赢得过半的选举人票，winner takes all 不管（popular vote）的多寡Electoral college 选举团实质是直选，形式是间选美国宪法第二条第一款规定各洲可以指派与该州国会议员同额的选取团来代表投票小州三个，大州50个以上美国大选的实际运作：各州先从两大党推荐出选举团名单，让选民在两张名单间选择，再由当选的选举人投票给该党所提名的总统侯选人Incumbent 现任者90%胜出Constituent service(重视选民服务)Advantage of publicityKeynote 决定基调的，主要的（原则，政策）Landslide 压倒性的胜利Majority and plurality 多数与相对多数过半当选，不过半两种处理方式：runoff，多者为王Turn out 投票率Negative campaigning(mudslinging)摔泥巴攻击性的竞选战Plank and platform 政见与竞选纲领PcPork barrel （笼络人心）的政治性的拨款Primary 党内预选Super primary Super TuesdayPart 3 governmentbureaucracy 官僚主义Red tape 死板的规定Catch-22 无法克服的障碍Congress 国会(capital hill) 50 states 100senators every senator wants to be PresidentHouse of representatives 435 seatsFilibuster （用冗长的演说）阻挠议事Interest group 利益集团Lame duck 瘸脚鸭Think Tank 政府政策研究机构，智囊团Utopia 乌托邦。
government的用法
government的用法government是一个英文词汇，指的是政府或政治领导机构。
在国际关系、历史学、社会学等领域中，government都是一个常见的词汇，用来描述各种政治组织和机构。
在中文中，government的使用范围也非常广泛。
下面列举了一些常见的中文用法和短语，帮助我们更好地理解和运用这个词汇。
1.政府government最常见的用法就是指政府。
在中国，政府通常指的是中央政府、省级政府、市级政府、县级政府等层级的政府机构。
在古代中国，政府通常指的是朝廷、君主、官员等政治组织和领导人。
例如：中国政府正在推进“数字中国”战略，加快数字化转型。
The Chinese government is advancing the "Digital China" strategy to accelerate digital transformation.2.政治领导机构在一些领域中，government也可以指其他的政治组织和机构，如议会、政党、军队等。
3.政府的职能除了指政府机构本身，government还可以用来描述政府的职能和任务。
这些职能和任务包括制定政策、维护国家安全、提供公共服务等。
The government has set up a new committee to tackle the growing problem of homelessness.政府成立了一个新委员会，以应对日益严重的无家可归问题。
4.政治体制在某些语境下，government也可以用来描述不同国家的政治体制和政治文化。
例如，我们可以说西方国家的政府体制是民主制，而中国的政府体制是社会主义制度。
Different countries have different forms of government.不同的国家有不同的政治体制。
政治学专业英语词汇
一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism 立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker 议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion 自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration 行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group 言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism 社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action 制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism 封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid 顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire 帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism 宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting 陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota 最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories 等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party僭主制/暴政Tyranny 寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence e激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism警察Police警察国家Police state。
学习描述政治和社会问题的词汇
学习描述政治和社会问题的词汇在学习描述政治和社会问题的词汇时，我们需要了解一些基本的术语和词汇，以便能够准确地表达我们的观点和意见。
本文将探讨一些常用的政治和社会问题词汇，并提供一些例句以帮助我们更好地理解其用法和含义。
1. 政治问题词汇1.1 民主（democracy）：指一种政治制度，其中权力来自于人民，人民通过选举代表参与政治决策。
例句：民主是人类追求平等和公正的重要方式之一。
1.2 独裁（dictatorship）：指一种非民主的政治制度，由一个人或一小群人掌握权力，政治权力高度集中。
例句：这个国家存在着一个独裁政权，公民的权利受到了严重的限制。
1.3 政府（government）：指负责管理和治理国家事务的组织机构。
例句：政府应该致力于解决社会问题，提高人民的福祉。
1.4 政策（policy）：指政府针对某个问题或领域所采取的规定和行动方针。
例句：制定一项全面的环境保护政策对于减少污染至关重要。
1.5 政治参与（political participation）：指公民参与政治事务和政治决策的活动。
例句：政治参与是每个公民的权利和责任。
2. 社会问题词汇2.1 贫困（poverty）：指人们生活水平低下，缺乏基本的经济资源和社会福利的状态。
例句：减少贫困是实现社会公平的关键挑战之一。
2.2 社会不公平（social inequality）：指社会中不同群体之间资源、权力和机会的不平等分配。
例句：我们需要采取措施减少社会不公平现象，确保每个人都能享有平等的机会。
2.3 犯罪（crime）：指违反法律规定，损害社会安全和公序良俗的行为。
例句：政府应该采取更严厉的措施来打击犯罪行为，保护公民的安全。
2.4 教育（education）：指传授知识、技能和价值观的过程，通过教育可以提升个人的能力和素质。
例句：教育是推动社会进步和人才培养的重要手段。
2.5 媒体（media）：指传播信息、观点和意见的途径和工具，包括报纸、电视、广播和互联网等。
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关于政治的英文词汇————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：1constitution 宪法legislation立法Democrats民主党Republicans共和Amendment修正案Congress美国国Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举veto 否决poll 投票，投票数，民意测验office holding 任职American Revolution美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民percapita 人均treason 叛国 conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 遣责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合attache [法语] 随行人员glasnost [俄语] 公开性；开放jujitsu [日语] 柔术karate [日语] 空手道laissez-faire [法语] 自由主义Lebensraum [德语] 生存空间per annum [拉丁语] 每年rapport [法语] 和睦；友好rendezvous [法语] 约会(地点)sumo [日语相扑karaoke; judo; per capita; tai chi chuan;Big Apple (大苹果)美国纽约市Big Board (纽约证券交易所的大行情板)纽约证券所／纽约股市Broadway (百老汇大街)美国或纽约市商业性戏剧(业)City of Angels (天使城)洛杉矶City of Brotherly Love (博爱城)费城City by the Golden Gate (金门城)旧金山市Crescent City (新月城)新奥尔良市Dice City (赌城)(美国以夜总会和赌场著称的)拉斯韦加斯市Empire State (帝国州)纽约州Fun City (逍遥城)纽约市Golden State (黄金州)加利福尼亚州Hollywood (好莱坞)美国电影业；美国电影界Hub of the Universe(宇宙中心)波士顿市Madison Avenue( 美国广告业中心)麦迪逊大街美国广告业／美国商业Mother of Presidents (总统之母)美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州Steel City (钢城)匹兹堡市1Windy City (多风城)芝加哥市White House(白宫)美国政府；美国总统the City [(英国首都伦敦市中心)伦敦城] 英国商业界；英国金融界Fleet Street (舰队街)英国新闻界Scotland Yard (苏格兰场；伦敦警察局)伦敦警方Elysee [(法国总统官邱)爱丽舍宫]法国政府；法国总统Maginot Line [(第二次大战前法国所筑防御阵地体系)马其诺防线]盲目行动；迷恋于维持现状Quai d'Orsay [(法国外交部附近地名)凯道赛码头]法国外交部；法国外交政策；法国政府Bermuda／Bermuda Triangle [百慕大(魔鬼)三角]危险的禁区Horn of Africa (非洲之角)索马里和埃塞俄比亚cancer-causing drug致癌药物policy-making body 决策机构Peace-keeping force 维和部队Oil-producing country 产油国long-standing issue由来己久的问题 wide-spreading AIDS 到处蔓延的艾滋病high-ranking official高级官员far-reaching significance深远意义blood-cemented friendship 鲜血凝成的友谊贫困地区poverty-stricken area外向型经济export-oriented economy deep-rooted social problems 根深蒂固的社会问题quick-frozen food 速冻食品foreign-owned enterprise外资企业long-faced job loser愁眉苦脸的失业者dimly-lit room 光线昏暗的房间well-informed source 消息灵通人士richly-paid job薪水丰厚的工作highly-sophisticated technology尖端技术inflation-proof deposit 保值储蓄vehicle-free promenade/ street 步行街interest-free loan无息贷款labor-intensive enterprise 劳动力密集型企业arms-reduction talks 裁军谈判year-end report 年终报告labor-management conflict 劳资冲突供求失调supply-demand imbalance long-term，low-interest loan长期低息贷款top-level talk 最高级会谈fair-trade agreement互惠贸易协定long-range nuclear missile远程核导弹100-metre dash百米赛跑one-man government 独裁政府one-way street 单向道21-gun salute 21响礼炮face-to-face talk 会晤；面晤hand-to-mouth pay 温饱工资ground-to-air missile地对空导弹dusk-to-dawn curfew彻夜宵禁touch-and-go affair 一触即发的局势middle-of-the-road policy 中立政策be-kind-to-animal campaign 保护动物运动see-while-you-talk phone 可视电话1good-to-excellent care无微不至的关怀on-the-spot interview现场采访on-the-job training; 在职培训;one-country-two-system policy一国两制的政策China’s actual conditions中国国情be honest in performing one’s official d uties 廉洁奉公build a clean and honest government; c onstruction of a clean government廉政建设 abuse of power for personal gain；misuse of power for private interest以权谋私corruption reporting centre举报中心 be responsible for one's own profit and loss自负盈亏jack up price哄抬物价single youth above the normal matrimo nial age大龄青年high-tech business incubator; pioneer p ark创业园“物质文明”（material progress ）、（intellectual and ideological developm ent）、“宰客”（rip off）、“打白条”（issue IOUs）关系网（network of personal connections ）、“下海”（risk one’s fortune in business）、“跳槽”（job-hop）euthanasia（安乐死），AIDS艾滋病elevated highways（高架道路）information superhighway信息高速公路value-added tax （增值税），hula hoop（呼拉圈），surfing （冲浪运动），talk show（访谈节目；谈话类节目)lucky draw抽奖vicious circle恶性循环Yangtze River delta长江三角洲tax avoidance避税localization本土化；本地化settling-in allowance安家费interdisciplinary talent复合型人才jerry-built project豆腐渣工程worse off than some, better off than many比上不足，比下有余fight corruption and build a clean government 反腐倡廉real estate market房地产市场Comfortable Housing Project安居工程distribution according to one's performance按劳分配to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house按揭购房Service industry/ service trade窗口行业Pet clinic宠物医院Inter-city train城际列车Green hand菜鸟，新手Multinational company跨国公司Passive smoking; second-hand smoking被动吸烟Copyright reserved版权所有Money worship 拜金主义Start from scratch 白手起家century-old shop百年老店Host country东道国countdown倒计时Crack down on fake products 打假Protective umbrella保护伞find a sugar daddy;1be a mistress for a rich man;lean on a moneybag傍大款National Committee of the Chinese Peo ple's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC)迎难而上 face difficulties squarely work with courage and determination, 奋勇拼搏艰难险阻all difficulties and obstacle 保持平稳较快增长maintain steady and rapid growth社会事业 social programfight against massive natural disaster （抗击特大自然灾害）残奥会 Paralympicsthe Shenzhou VII manned space missio nsocialism with Chinese characteristics （中国特色社会主义）奋勇前进 bravely forge ahead宏观经济政策 macroeconomic policies 复杂多变 complex and volatile预见性、针对性和有效性 proactive, targeted and effective。