Dwgzmyc水文地质术语及英文翻译
水文学与水文地质学术语(英汉)
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地： river terrace面源： area source线源： line source点源： point source非点源： non-point sourcegroundwater 潜水groundwater artery 地下水干道groundwater barrier 地下水堡坝groundwater basin 地下水盆地groundwater capture 地下水袭夺groundwater cascade 地下水小瀑布groundwater cement 潜水泥groundwater dam 地下水坝groundwater discharge 地下水排泄groundwater divide 地下分水界groundwater flow 地下径流groundwater inventory 地下水总量目录groundwater level 地下水位groundwater mound 地下水土丘groundwater province 地下水区groundwater recession 地下水后退groundwater recession curve 地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir 地下水储集groundwater runoff 地下径流groundwater simulation 地下模拟groundwater spring 潜水泉groundwater table 地下水位group 群exploitable groundwater 地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone 地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码 station code站名 station name站别 station category流域名称 basin name水系名称 hydrometric net code河流名称 river name施测项目码 item code of obervation行政区划码 administration division code水资源分区码 code of water resources regionalization设站年份 year of station establishment设站月份 month of station establishment撤站年份 year of withdrawal of station撤站月份 month of withdrawal of station集水面积 drainage area流入何处 flowing-to至河口距离 distance to river mouth基准基面名称 name of fiducial datum领导机关 leading agency (administration agency)管理单位 administration站址 station location东经 longitude北纬 latitude测站等级 grade of hydrometric station报汛等级 grade of Flood-Reporting Station备注 note站点码 station point code站点名 station point name测流方法 observation method控水目的 purpose of control water project控水工程类型 control water project type控水工程代码 code of control water project控水工程运行规则 operation regulation of control water project 推流参数 parameter of discharge computation引水点名 Location name of pumping排水点名 Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积 maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码 station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长 length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码 code of lower bound station至下界站河段长 length of reach to lower bound station高差基数 base of difference in elevation流域水系码 codes of hydrographic net of a basin调查资料来源单位 office recording investigation data区码 code of zone区名 zone name区类 zone type水体总容量 total capacity of water bodies灌溉水田面积 area of rice paddy irrigated灌溉面积 irrigation area城市人口 urban population工业总产值 gross industrial output value水库和水闸控制面积 drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice调查面积 investigation area量算地图比例尺 scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级 reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级 reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级 reliability rank of area data直接上级区名 zone name of prime at first调查报告编号 investigation report number地理包含关系 geography contain relation站点类别 station point category年 year相关站码 correlative station code关系标识 relationship ID关系说明 relationship illustration主断面迁移号 migration numbers of main cross section断面名称 cross section name断面位置 location of cross section变动年份 changed Year变动月份 changed month变动日 changed day同系列标志 series marker变动情况 changed conditions水尺名称 gage name水尺型式 gage type水尺质料 material of gage自记台类型 type of stage recorder水尺位置 location of gage使用情况 use condition河段情况 river reach circumstance图类型 graph type图标题 graph title图 graphMIME类型 MIME type水准点编号 benchmark number水准点类型 benchmark type变动日期 date of Setup or change采用基面名称 adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程 elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程 elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum绝对基面名称 name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式 benchmark style水准点位置 benchmark location引据水准点编号 number of benchmark from which elevation is measured 变动原因 cause of change工程名称 engineering name工程名称代码 engineering name code开始蓄水年份 begin storing water year开始蓄水月份 begining month of storing water校核洪水位 check flood stage校核库容 check storage capacity of reservoir设计洪水位 design flood stage设计库容 reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位 normal high water level正常库容 Normal reservoir storage死水位 dead pool level死库容 dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号 spillway number竣工年份 completion year竣工月份 completion month溢洪道长度 spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程 elevation of spillway crest溢洪道堰顶宽 width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of spillway 闸组号 gate group number孔型 type of sluice or hole孔数 count of sluice or hole孔高 sluice or hole height孔宽 sluice or hole width设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel翼墙型式 wing wall type墩头型式 type of pier head of sluice or tunnel堰顶闸底形状 shape of weir crest or sluice bed设计灌溉面积 design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel工程地址 location of engineering控制面积 control area总库容 total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积 actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel最大实引排水量 maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage 仪器口径 mouth diameter of rain gauge仪器精度 precision of rain gauge记录模式 recording mode获值模式 sensing mode绝对高程 elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度 instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制 observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制 observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征 character of location of evaporation-gauging仪器型式 type of instrument(equipment)附近地势 nearby topography四周障碍物 obstacles around station起时间 beginning time止时间 end time时间 time起始日期 beginning date旬起始日期 beginning date of a period of ten days月 month日期 date降水量 precipitation降水量注解码 remark code of precipitation降水日数 number of precipitation days降水日数注解码 remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量 maximum precipitation最大降水量时段长 maximum precipitation duration最大日降水量 maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码 remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily precipitation终霜日期 date of frost disappearance初霜日期 date of frost appearance终雪日期 date of snow disappearance初雪日期 date of snow appearance终冰日期 date of ice disappearance初冰日期 date of ice appearance蒸发器型式 type of evaporation equipment水面蒸发量 surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量 maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量 minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation 观测高度 observation height气温 air temperature气温注解码 remark code air temperature平均气温 average air temperature平均气温注解码 remark code of average air temperature最高气温 maximum air temperature最高气温注解码 remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期 date of maximum air temperature最低气温 minimum air temperature最低气温注解码 remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期 date of minimum air temperature水汽压 vapour pressure水汽压注解码 remark code of vapour pressure平均水汽压 average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差 difference of vapour pressure水汽压力差注解码 remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差 average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure difference 风速 wind velocity风速注解码 remark code of wind velocity平均风速 average wind velocity平均风速注解码 remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位 stage in Sluice Upstream闸上水位注解码 remark code of upsluice stage闸下水位 down sluice stage闸下水位注解码 remark code of downsluice stage坝上水位 stage behind dam坝上水位注解码 remark code of the stage behind dam水位 stage水位注解码 remark code of stage平均水位 average stage平均水位注解码 remark code of average stage最高水位 maximum stage最高水位注解码 remark code of maximum stage最高水位日期 occurring date of maximum stage最低水位 minimum stage最低水位注解码 remark code of date of minimum stage最低水位日期 date of minimum stage保证率 reliability of stage保证率水位 reliability stage保证率水位注解码 remark code of reliability stage流量 discharge平均流量 average discharge平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge最大流量 maximum discharge最大流量注解码 remark code of maximum discharge最大流量日期 date of maximum discharge最小流量 minimum discharge最小流量注解码 remark code of minimum discharge最小流量日期 date of minimum discharge蓄水量 Reservoir Storage径流量 runoff径流量注解码 remark code of runoff径流模数 runoff modulus径流深 runoff in depth最大洪量时段长 duration of maximum flood volume最大洪量 maximum flood volume泥沙类型 sediment type含沙量 sediment concentration平均含沙量 average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量 maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码 remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期 date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量 minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码 remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期 date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率 average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码 remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率 maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码 remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期 occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge 输沙量 sediment runoff输沙量注解码 remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数 sediment runoff modulus采样仪器型号 model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数 efficiency coefficient of sampling上限粒径 upper limit particle size平均沙重百分数 average percent of sediment weight中数粒径 median particle diameter平均粒径 average particle diameter最大粒径 maximum particle diameter水温 water temperature水温注解码 remark code of water temperature平均水温 average water temperature平均水温注解码 remark code of average water temperature最高水温 maximum water temperature最高水温注解码 remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期 occurring date of maximum water temperature最低水温 minimum water temperature最低水温注解码 remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期 date of minimum water temperature冰情注解码 remark code of ice condition河心冰厚 ice thickness at river center岸边冰厚 Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深 snow depth on ice岸上气温 air temperature on bank解冻日期 date of ice break up封冻日期 ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in first half of year下半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in second half of year终止流冰日期 end date of ice run开始流冰日期 beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚 maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚 Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度 maximum length of ice floe最大流冰块宽度 maximum width of ice floe最大流冰块冰速 maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速 average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深 maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期 occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期 occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter 冬季最大冰流量日期 occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码 remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in winter冬季总冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量 yearly total ice discharge年总冰流量注解码 remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量 average ice discharge平均冰流量注解码 remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量 total of ice discharge总冰流量注解码 remark code of total of ice discharge最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期 date of maximum ice discharge潮别 tidal type潮位 tidal level潮位注解码 remark code of tidal level潮差 tidal range历时 duration潮流量 tidal discharge潮量 tidal volume潮输沙率 tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量 tidal sediment runoff平均高潮潮位 average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码 remark of average high tidal level stage最高高潮位 Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码 remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间 occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位 minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码 remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位 average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码 remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位 maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码 remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间 occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位 minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码 remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差 average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差 maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差 minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range平均落潮潮差 average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差 maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差 minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时 average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码 remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时 maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration 最短涨潮历时 minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时 mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码 remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时 maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration 最短落潮历时 minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration逐时平均潮位 hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码 remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差 average tide range平均潮差注解码 remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时 average tidal duration平均历时注解码 remark code of average tidal duration施测日期 beginning date of measurement测次号 observation number垂线号 numbers of typical verticals起点距 distance from initial point河底高程 river bed elevation河底高程注解码 remark code of river bed elevation测时水位 stage during observation测时水位注解码 remark code of stage during observation垂线方位 vertical azimuth断面名称及位置 cross section name and location测次说明 note引用施测日期 date of quoted observation引用测次号 number of quoted observation引用起始起点距 beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距 end distance from initial point岸别符号 bank symbol痕迹类型 trace type日 day时 hour分 minute点编号 point code点详细位置 point detailed location点东经 point east longitude点北纬 point north latitude点高程 point elevation点参数 point parameter指认人及印象 witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级 reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级 reliability level of trace or flag估计误差范围 estimation error range调查日期 investigation date起始年 beginning year起始月 beginning month起始日 beginning day起始时 beginning hour起始分 beginning minute终止年 end year终止月 end month终止日 end day终止时 end hour终止分 end minute雨情描述 description of rainfall information重现期 Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年 cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级 reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级 reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow 水位可靠等级 reliability level of stage推算流量方法 method of discharge computation水流边界 flow boundary推算流量资料可靠等级 reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级 reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级 reliability level of discharge computation次水量 water volume of one flood水情描述 description of hydrological information流量施测号数 number of discharge observation测流起时间 beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间 end time of flow measurement测流方法 Method of flow measurement基本水尺水位 base gage stage流量注解码 remark code of discharge断面总面积 total of cross section area断面过水面积 wetted cross-section area断面面积注解码 remark code of cross section area断面平均流速 average flow velocity at a cross-section断面最大流速 maximum flow velocity at a cross-section水面宽 top width断面平均水深 Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深 maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽 ice bottom width水浸冰冰底平均水深 ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深 ice bottom maximum depth水面比降 surface slope糙率 roughness时段类别 category of interval水量类别 category of water quantity水量 water quantity水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity年实测水量占比 percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级 fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位 upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码 remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位 downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码 remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间 Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量 observed water storage调查蓄水变量 investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量 observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量 restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量 surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量 restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量 observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量 water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量 observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量 water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量 observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量 return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量 observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法 estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量 water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量 observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量 restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量 water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量 observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量 restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量 water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量 observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量 restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量 exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法 method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度 similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度 balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量 water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法 estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量 capacity of spring总进水量 total inflow runoff总出水量 total outflow runoff降水总量 precipitation蒸散发总量 total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量 water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位 stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量 storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数 number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间 beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间 end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置 location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法 sampling method断面平均含沙量 average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量 index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法 observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率 suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码 remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率 bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码 remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率 index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速 average velocity of bed load推移带宽度 width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率 average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率 maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距 distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point 单断沙码 code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号 begin observation number终止施测号 end observation number取样起时间 beginning time of sampling取样止时间 end time of sampling沙重百分数 sediment weight percent最大颗粒重量 sediment maximum particle weight最大颗粒起点距 distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速 mean settling velocity施测水温 water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法 analysis method of particle side注解码 remark code沙量类别 category of silt-quantity沙量 silt-quantity沙量测算方法 estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比 percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级 reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级 reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量 sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water 跨流域引水挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量 observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量 degradation or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量 total inflow silt-quantity总出沙量 total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间 beginning time of observation测次止时间 end time of observation测验断面位置 location of cross section冰流量 ice discharge冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge断面平均疏密度 average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚 average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽 open water width断面平均冰花密度 density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数 adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置 location of cross section代表垂线平均流速 average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码 remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号 number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速 velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号 number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间 beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间 end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位 low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间 Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement 高潮潮位 high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位 low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位 tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位 flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间 occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位 tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差 flood tidal range涨潮最大流速 maximum velocity of flood tide涨潮潮量 flood tidal volume涨潮潮量注解码 remark code of flood tidal volume涨潮潮流历时 flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量 average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of flood tide落潮潮差 ebb tide range落潮最大流速 maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量 ebb tidal volume落潮潮量注解码 remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时 ebb tidal current duration落潮平均流量 average discharge of ebb tide落潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of ebb tide净泄量 net outflow volume开闸时间 opening gate time关闸时间 closing gate time开闸前稳定水位 stable stage before sluicing闸上最高水位 Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位 Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位 Stage in Sluice Downstream水位差 stage difference有效潮差 effective tidal range一潮总水量 total water volume of single tide一潮总水量注解码 remark code of total water volume of single tide一潮历时 duration of single tide一潮平均流量 average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of single tide一潮最大流量 maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码 remark code of maximum discharge of single tide自变量名 name of independent variable自变量值 value of independent variable调查报告标题 investigation report title调查项目 investigation item调查年份 investigation year编写年份 redaction year调查单位 investigation office主编单位 Chief editorial unit调查报告内容 investigation report contents调查报告格式 investigation report format表标识 table ID时间残缺记录编号 number of time deformity record字段标识 field identifier取值 value率定次序号 serial number of rating闸上水头 head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头 Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度 operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码 remark code of operation height of gate opening 闸门开启孔数 count of operation gate opening闸门开启总宽 total width of gate-openings平均堰宽 average width of weir闸孔过水面积 area of wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量 observed discharge实测流量注解码 remark code of observed discharge流态 flow regime流量计算公式编号 formula number of discharge calculation流量系数 discharge coefficient流量系数注解码 remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式 weir and sluice type翼墙形式 wing wall type平均引水角 average driving angle闸上河宽 upsluice river width闸下河宽 river width in sluice downstream闸门型式 weir gate type闸底高程 elevation of sluice bottom堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶形状 shape of weir crest总孔数 total number of gate openings单孔宽 single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码 remark code of gate opening width of weir gate平均孔宽 average of gate opening width总孔宽 total width of gate opening闸门高度 gate height平均开度 average gate opening height闸墩厚 thickness of pier机组号 group number of machines站上水位 upstation stage站下水位 downstation stage站上水头 upstation head开机功率 electric power generated or consumed开机台数 count of machines in operation开机叶片角度 vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径 impeller diameter实际转速 practical speed of revolution出水阀过水面积 wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号 formula number of efficiency calculation效率值 efficiency value效率值注解码 remark code of efficiency value机型 machine type装机台数 count of machine出水管路断面面积 wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速 rated speed of revolution单机额定功率 single rated power单机设计流量 single design discharge设计扬程 design lift驼峰底高 hump bottom elevation起排水位 begining pumping stage关系线类别 relation curve category线号 curve number因变量名 dependent variable定线数据起时间 beginning time of the data for determining a relation curve 定线数据止时间 end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值 routing location lower limit independent variable 定线数据上限自变量值 routing location upper limit independent variable 线参数表达式 curve parameter expression关系图名 chart name适用期起时间 beginning time of application适用期止时间 end time of application定线点据总数 amount of points for determining a relation curve定线方法 method of determining a relation curve系统误差 systematic error随机不确定度 random error线上采样点编号 curve sample point number采样点自变量值 curve sample point independent variable采样点因变量值 curve sample point dependent variable计量单位 unit name。
地质学专业术语的翻译（精品PDF）
凹坑pool，chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolites clavatus包卷层理convolute lamination包卷构造comvolute structure堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze比拟试验模式scaled experimental model 碧玉jasper边滩point bar辫状河braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial Oolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰川相glacial facies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波高wave height波痕ripple波状层理wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation侧向加积lateral accretion测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology 测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatoporoid层理stratification，bedding，lamination 层流laminar flow层内溶解作用intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosic greywacke潮道tidal channel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositional environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积铁矿sedimentary iron ores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary（depositional）facies 沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度compositional matuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zone of swash and backwash 冲刷痕scour mark冲洗交错层理swash bedding冲溢扇washover fan储层reservoir储油窗oil –windows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮spring tide大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大陆坡continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocraterion单成份砾岩oligomictic conglomerate 岛(弧)-海(沟)体系arc-trench system 岛弧island arc等深流contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedload channel地层strata地层倾斜录井dipmeter log地层水formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration递变层graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension典型浊积岩clastic turbidite电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetrical ripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reverse grading反沙丘层理antidune bedding反向递变的inversely graded泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivity log非补偿（饥饿）沉积starved basin 非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouth bar 分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交错层理aeolian cross bedding 风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载（荷）构造load structure复成分砾岩polymictic conglomerate复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel高位体系域high-stand systems tract根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groove casts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrent indicator古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists) 海(湖)泛面flooding surface海(湖)滩beach海岸带coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressive systems tract 海浪sea wave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床（道）channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑[动]痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi 还原作用reduction环境沉积学environmental sedimentology环线迹spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物mélange混载荷流mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火焰构造flame structure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交错层cross beds交错层理cross bedding; cross stratification交错纹crossed-lamellar交错纹层cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate界面bounding surfaces金藻门chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造feeding structures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwelling burrows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse，crevasse splay均匀悬浮uniform suspension颗粒grain ，particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle -supported ，grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore，porosity块状层理massive bedding块状砂岩massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理wave- ripple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷诺数Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequency curve 离岸（裂）流rip current犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理graded bedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕rill impression流态flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract 陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginal sea陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks陆表海epeiric sea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganess rock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度跃层pycnocline磨拉石molasses母岩source rock, parent rock母岩区provenance，source area内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩（泥质颗粒岩）packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mud supported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit 鸟眼构造birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖ox-bow lake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foam impression盆内岩intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones气候带climate belts牵引[作用] traction牵引流tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘状交错层理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pellet peloids球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化eustatic change of sea level 缺氧事件anoxic event群group群体生物colony(organisms)热云nuee ardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zone萨布哈（盐沼）sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三联点triple junction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillow structure 筛状沉积sieve deposition 山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海带abyssal zone深海沟deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartz sandstone，silicarenita 石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式mathematical model刷模brush casts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理horizontal bedding水体分层stratification of the water column水下泥石流subaqueous debis flow水下岩崩subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint ，chert他生沉积物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestrate bryozoans滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate compensation depth 碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonate buildup逃逸构造escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systems tract天然堤levee，natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slump structure同生白云岩syngenetic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序offlap sequence洼状交错层理swaley cross bedding外成岩exogenetic rock外来岩块exotic block外生沉积物exogentic sediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnus coronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流anastomosing stream，anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar微斜长石microcline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae，lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石（霰石）aragonite紊流turbulent flow无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facies change相标志facies mark相对海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence （succession）向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neap tide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escape structure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信风trade winds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹resting traces悬浮（移）负载suspended load选择交代作用selective replacement压扁层理flaser bedding压刻痕toll mark压溶作用pressure solution压实作用compaction盐水楔saltwater wedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography岩屑rock fragment，lithic岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone，rock fragment sandstone 岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidized sediment flow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化石ichnofossil，trace fossil遗迹相ichofacies异化颗粒allochem粘结灰岩bindstones硬砂岩greywacke硬石膏anhydrite涌浪swells尤尔斯特龙图解Hiulstrom diagram油气储层地质建模reservoir geological Modeling 油页岩oil shale游泳生物nekton organisms原生孔隙primary porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity羽状交错层理herringbone cross bedding雨痕rain impression原始古网迹protopalaeodictyon圆度roudness越岸沉积overbank deposit运动迹moving traces韵律层理rhythmic bedding杂基matrix杂基支撑matrix supported杂砂岩graywacke，wacke载荷load再作用面(复活面)reactivation surface藻管迹phycosiphon藻类algae藻团块algae lumps藻团粒algal poliods藻席Algal mats造礁珊瑚hermatypic coral粘度viscosity粘结岩boundstone粘土级clay size粘土矿物clay mineral粘土岩claystone涨潮流flood current帐篷构造tepees障壁barrier障壁岛barrier island障壁沙咀barrier spit障积岩bufflestone沼泽相swamp振荡波痕oscillation ripples蒸发岩evaporites正常鲕normal Oolits正递变的normally graded正化颗粒orthochems正态分布normal distribution直观模式visual model指状沙坝bar-finger sand指状钻孔迹trypanites中成岩作用mesodiagenesis中峰度的mesokertic中砾pebble中值median钟形bell shape众数mode重晶石barite重流层heavy-fluid layer皱饰迹rusophycus蛀木虫迹teredolites铸模mold铸模孔隙moldic porosity铸型cast锥模prod casts坠积物colluvium准层序parasequence准层序组parasequence set浊积石灰岩allodapic limestone浊积岩turbidite浊流turbidity current自生沉积物autochthonous sediments 自生的authigentic自形晶euhedral自悬浮autosuspension 组formation组构fabric钻孔迹trypanites。
水文地质与工程地质专业英语
水文地质与工程地质专业英语水文地质术语Hydrogeologic terminology3 水文地质学原理3.1 水文地质学科分类3.1.1 水文地质学hydrogeology研究地下水的形成和分布、物理及化学性质、运动规律、开发利用和保护的科学。
3.1.2 水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology(general hydrogeology)研究水文地质学的基础理论和基本概念的学科。
3.1.3 地下水动力学groundwater dynamics研究地下水在岩土中运动规律的学科。
3.1.4 水文地球化学hydrogeochemistry研究地下水化学成分的形成和变化规律以及地下水地球化学作用的学科。
3.1.5 专门水文地质学applied hydrogeology为各种应用而进行的地下水调查、勘探、评价及开发利用的学科。
3.1.5.1 供水水文地质学water supply hydrogeology为各种目的供水，研究地下水的形成条件、赋存规律、勘查方法、水质、水量评价以及合理开发利用和管理的学科。
3.1.5.2 矿床水文地质学mine hydrogeology研究矿床水文地质学理论、勘探方法及开采中有关水文地质问题的学科。
3.1.5.3 土壤改良水文地质学reclamation hydrogeology研究土壤盐渍化及沼泽化等水文地质问题的学科。
3.1.5.4 环境水文地质学environmental hydrogeology研究自然环境中地下水与环境及人类活动的相互关系及其作用结果，并对地下水与环境进行保护、控制和改造的学科。
3.1.5.5 同位素水文地质学isotopic hydrogeology应用同位素方法解决水文地质问题的学科。
3.1.6 区域水文地质学regional hydrogeology研究地下水埋藏、分布、形成条件及含水层的区域性规律的学科。
地质专业词汇中英文对照
地质专业词汇中英文对照一、地层stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system统series阶stage群group组formation段member显生宇Phaneozoic Eonothem 元古宇Proterozoic Eonothem 太古宇Archaean Eonothem新生界Cenozoic Erathem第四系Quaternary System全新统Holocene Series更新统Pleistocene Series 第三系Tertiary System晚第三系Neogene System上新统Pliocene Series中新统Miocene Series早第三系Paleogene System渐新统Oligocene Series始新统Eocene Series古新统Paleocene Series中生界Mesozoic Erathem白垩系Cretaceous System侏罗系Jurassic System三叠系triassic System古生界Paleozoic Erathem二叠系Permian System石炭系Carboniferous System泥盆系Devonian System志留系Silurian System奥陶系Ordovician System寒武系Cambrian System新元古界Neoproterozoic Erathem震旦系Sinian System中元古界Mesoproterozoic Erathem 古元古界Palaeoproterozoic Erathem 地层对比stratigraphic correlation 层位horizon标志层key bed哑层barren bed缺失lacuna尖灭feather edge透镜状结构lensoid连续continuity不连续discontinuity整合conformity不整合unconformity角度不整合angular unconformity平行不整合para-unconformity产状occurrence走向strike倾角dip真倾角true dip视倾角apparent dip倾伏角plunge侧倾角pitch层理bedding层面bedding planes交错层理cross bedding二、岩性lithology粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂sand砾石gravel沉积岩sedimentary rock火成岩igneous rock变质岩metamorphic rock粘土岩claystone, clay rock页岩shale泥岩mudstone粉砂岩siltstone泥质粉砂岩argillaceous siltstone, pelitic siltstone, muddy siltstone砂岩sandstone泥质砂岩argillaceous sandstone, pelitic sandstone, muddy sandstone砾岩conglomerate煤coal灰岩limestone泥灰岩marl, marlstone白云岩dolomite蒸发岩evaporite岩浆岩magmatic rock, magmatite 花岗岩granite玄武岩basalt凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble片麻岩gneiss夕卡岩skarn三、矿物mineral 石英quartz长石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite 方解石calcspar角闪石hornblende 石膏gypsum硬石膏anhydrite 石盐rock salt钾石盐sylvine光卤石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite 水氯镁石bischofite 四、颜色colour灰色gray白色white黄色yellow蓝色blue绿色green黑色black红色red棕色brown黄褐色tan深色dark浅色light暗色dull五、构造tectonics 断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust走滑断层strike-slip fault 倾滑断层dip-slip fault 断层面fault surface断层线fault line地垒horst地堑graben节理joint上盘hanging wall下盘foot wall落差throw平错heave断层泥fault gouge断层角砾fault brecci海侵transgression海退regression褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline褶轴fold axis轴隆区culmination轴陷区depression翼limb穹窿dome盆地basin六、水文地质hydrologic geology河流river水库reservoir泉spring地表水surface water地下水groundwater大气降水atmospheric precipitation潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interstrated water地下水位groundwater level含水层aquifer, water bearing layer隔水层aquiclude, water-resisting layer 弱含水层aquitard透水层permeable bed孔隙含水层porous aquifer裂隙含水层fissured aquifer岩溶含水层karst aquifer无压含水层unconfined aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer含水岩组water-bearing formation 含水岩系water-bearing rock series 持水度water-holding capacity给水度specific yield透水性permeability富水性water yield property溶洞karst cave孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karst water补给区recharge area径流区runoff area排泄区discharge area地下径流underground runoff地下水排泄groundwater discharge降水补给precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge越流补给leakage recharge水文地质单元hydrogeological unit地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence水文地质条件hydrogeological condition 水文地质类型hydrogeological type地下水储存量groundwater storage地下水监测groundwater monitoring抽水试验pumping test注水试验injection test入渗试验Infiltration test水文调查hydrologic investigation渗透系数osmotic coefficient矿床充水flooding of ore deposit矿床充水条件flooding condition of ore deposit矿床充水水源Water source of ore deposit flooding 矿床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit充水岩层flooding layer老窿水goaf water矿坑涌水量water yield of mine正常涌水量normal water yield最大涌水量maximum water yield大井法Large diameter well method开采疏干simultaneous draining in mining地下疏干underground draining地表疏干surface draining疏干钻孔drain well疏干巷道draining tunnel矿井突水water bursting in mines突水点water bursting point防水矿柱ore pillar preventing water burst矿井堵水water blocking in mines探水钻孔water exploration borehole注浆孔grouting well最高洪水位maximum flood level七、工程地质egineering geology顶板roof顶板稳定性roof stability顶板冒落带caving zone of top wall顶板裂隙带fissure zone of top wall顶板管理roof control顶板支护roof support顶板崩落collapse of roof底板floor, footwall底鼓footwall heaving岩石物理性质physical properties of rock岩石力学性质mechanical properties of rock 抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength岩爆rock burst软弱结构面weak structural plane工程地质条件engineering geologic condition 八、环境地质environmental geology岩崩rock fall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rock flow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面开裂land crack地面塌陷ground surface collapse塌陷坑collapse pit地下水污染groundwater pollution地表水污染surface water pollution污染源pollution source地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resource depletion地下水质恶化deterioration of groundwater quality 九、资源/储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineral resources储量reserves基础储量reserve base资源量resources可采储量proved reserves预可采储量probable reserves探明的measured控制的indicated推断的inferred预测的prognostic远景储量prospective reserves经济的economic边际经济的marginally economic次经济的subeconomic内蕴经济的intrinsically economic矿石ore矿层ore bed矿床ore deposit矿块ore block矿柱ore pillar, ore column矿石品位ore grade富矿体ore shoot, ore course 贫矿poor ore。
地质学术语翻译研究
地质学术语翻译研究地质学是研究地球构造、岩石组成、地球表面以及地球历史演化的学科。
在地质学中，有许多专业术语，下面是一些常见的地质学术语及其中文翻译。
1. Plate tectonics 板块构造学2. Volcano 火山3. Earthquake 地震4. Mineral 矿物5. Rock 岩石6. Sediment 沉积物7. Fossil 化石8. Crust 地壳9. Mantle 地幔10. Core 地核11. Continental drift 大陆漂移12. Erosion 侵蚀13. Deposition 沉积14. Weathering 风化15. Fault 断层16. Fold 褶皱17. Igneous rock 火成岩18. Metamorphic rock 变质岩19. Sedimentary rock 沉积岩20. Geologic time scale 地质时代尺度21. Geologic formation 地质层系22. Geologic map 地质图23. Stratigraphy 地层学24. Paleontology 古生物学25. Geomorphology 地貌学26. Geochronology 地质年代学27. Geothermal energy 地热能28. Geologic hazard 地质灾害29. Groundwater 地下水30. Karst landscape 喀斯特地貌这些是常见的地质学术语，其中许多术语在地质学研究、实地考察和学术交流中经常使用。
熟悉这些术语的翻译有助于理解和传播地质学领域的知识。
根据具体的研究内容和背景，还有其他更具专业性的地质学术语，但以上列举的术语是一个很好的起点。
水文地球化学专业术语（中英文对照）
水文地球化学专业术语（中英文对照）水文地球化学1 水文地球化学基础1.1 水化学 hydrochemistry研究天然水化学成分的形成、分布和演变的学科。
1.2 地下水物理性质physical properties of groundwater地下水的比重、温度、透明度、颜色、味、嗅味、导电性、放射性等物理特性之总和。
1.3 地下水化学成分chemical constituents in groundwater地下水中各类化学物质之总称。
它包括离子、气体、有机物、微生物、胶体以及同位素成分等。
1.4 库尔洛夫式 kurllov formation以类似数学分式形式表示单个水样化学成分的含量和组成的方法。
1.5 水文地球化学作用hydrogeochemical process在一定地球化学环境下，影响地下水化学成分形成、迁移和变化的作用。
1.5.1 水解作用 hydrolytic dissociation地下水与岩石相互作用，成岩矿物的晶格中，发生阳离子被水中氢离子取代的过程。
1.5.2 溶滤作用 lixiviation地下水与岩石相互作用，使岩石中一部分可溶成分转入水中，而不破坏矿物结晶格架的作用。
1.5.3 蒸发浓缩作用evaporation—concentration process地下水遭受蒸发，引起水中成分的浓缩，使水中盐分浓度增大，矿化度增高。
1.5.4 混合作用mixing hydrochemical reaction in groundwater两种或两种以上不同成分水之间的混合，使原有水的化学成分发生改变的作用。
1.5.5 阳离子交替吸附作用cation exchange and adsorption地下水与岩石相互作用，岩石颗粒表面吸附的阳离子被水中阳离子置换，并使水化学成分发生改变的过程。
1.5.6 脱碳酸作用 decarbonation在温度升高，压力降低的情况下，CO2自水中逸出，而HCO-3含量则因形成碳酸盐沉淀减少的过程。
地质词汇(汉英)
汉英水文气象地质词汇板块plate (英汉常用地质学词汇)伴生矿物accompying mineral (北东北north northeast北北东north northeast北北西north northeast北偏东north by east北偏西north by west北西北north northeast北极Northh Pole北极光Northern Lights北极星North Star贝壳shell贝壳壮conchoidal (英汉常用地质学词汇)变形交错层理deformed cross-bedding (英汉常用地质学词汇)标准贯入试验孔standard penetration test hole表土topsoil (广东省勘察设计院)不均匀沉陷differential settlement (英汉常用地质学词汇)不透水层confining stratum (英汉常用地质学词汇)不液化土层理bedding场地类别场地土沉积层sedimentary strata(广东省勘察设计院)成因类型genetic type持力层冲积土alluvium (英汉常用地质学词汇)错位构造dislocation structure (英汉常用地质学词汇)大沽高程Dagu altitude等高线contour line (英汉常用地质学词汇)等高线图contour map (英汉常用地质学词汇)等温层homothermy等效剪切波速值地表浅层潜水surface shallow layer地层stratum (英汉土木工程辞海)地层年代地基土foundation soil地形图topographic map (英汉土木工程辞海)地势terrain; geographical features (英汉土木工程辞海)√地质年代geologic time （美国传统词典）(英汉常用地质学词汇)√地质地层geological stratigraphy (欧洲标准)第四纪沉积Quaternary deposit (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)第四纪沉积、洪积层quaternary alluvial-proluvial layer (南海石化项目招标书) 第四系quaternary; quaternary system (汉英地质大词典)第四系松散堆积层quaternary system第I相浅海相沉积层顶板apical plate；hanger；hanging layer；hat；stegidium；top layer；upper plate (汉英地质大词典)顶板标高顶板高度roof elevation?东北偏北northeast by north东北方向northeastward东东北ENE = east northeast东东南ESE = east southeast东南偏东southeast by east东南偏南east by north东偏北east by north东偏南east by south冻胀性土swelling soil断层fault堆积层分级荷重压缩模量粉砂silty sand (广东省勘察设计院)；silt (汉英常用地质词汇)√粉砂壤土silty soils (欧洲标准)粉砂粘土silty clay (广东省勘察设计院)粉土silt (汉英建筑大词典); silty soil (汉英建筑大词典)粉土层silt stratum (英汉汉英电力工程技术词典)√粉质粘土silty clay (汉英建筑工程词典) (英汉道路工程词汇)(南海石化项目招标书)粉油砂powdery kir风成的,风积的eolian风化wearing风蚀eolation盖层covering strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)高程系数elevation factor (英汉常用地质学词汇)工程地质层工程地质亚层engineering geology(汉英建筑工程词典)河漫滩alluvial flat (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)海漫滩相沉积层海相沉积marine deposit (广东省勘察设计院)海相沉积层marine deposit layer (广东省勘察设计院)寒带frigid zone鉴别孔discrimination hole汉白玉white marble厚度加权平均值灰质粘土adobe (英汉常用地质学词汇)滑动劈理crenulation cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)基槽开挖基本地基加速度基准点datum point (英汉土木工程辞海)基准面base level (英汉常用地质学词汇)击数挤压构造带compressed zone (英汉常用地质学词汇)交错层理cross stratification (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾混合岩agmatite (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾片麻岩agmatitegnesis ? (英汉常用地质学词汇)接地层年代接力变质（作用）constructive metamorphism (英汉常用地质学词汇)解理cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)阶地terrace (英汉常用地质学词汇)界限最大值进尺footage (汉英常用地质词汇)静力触探桩static sounding pile静力触探static sounding, cone penetration静力触探锥尖阻力resistance between static penetrating cores静压预制桩静止水位rest water level勘探点可塑偏软plastic to soft孔口hole top (汉英地质大词典)矿体圈定delineation of ore deposits(英汉常用地质学词汇)流沙drift sand (英汉常用地质学词汇)露头outcrop (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤层coal seam (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤库coal store煤系coal measures(英汉常用地质学词汇)摩阻比friction to resistance ratio南东南south southeast南西南south southwest南偏东south by east南偏西south by west泥炭层peat bed平峒adit (英汉常用地质学词汇)平巷drift (英汉常用地质学词汇)浅海相沉积层shallow marine deposit前寒武纪The Precambrian Era (美国传统词典)浅基础持力层bearing stratum of shallow foundation轻亚粘土light loam坡积物slop wash (广东省勘察设计院)区域地质资料全新统上组第I陆相层河流Holocene(Postglacial) series全新统下组第II陆相沼泽相沉积层全新统中组第I海相扰动地层disturbed strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动土disturbed soil (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动样disturbed sample上更新统epipleistocene (英汉地质大词典) upper Pleistocene series 上更新统三组第IV陆相河床河漫滩相沉积层上更新统四组第II海相滨海潮汐带相沉积层上更新统五组第III相河床河漫滩相沉积始新世Eoocene epoch试验孔test borehole水成岩hydrotogenous rock松散地层ravelly ground （汉英地质大词典）松散堆积层水平层理horizontal bedding素填土土层soil strata(广东省勘察设计院)土工试验soil test土石屑垫层土样soil sample (广东省勘察设计院)物理力学性质西北偏北northwest by north西北偏西northeast by west西偏北west by north西偏南west southwest西西北west northwest西西南west southwest系system (英汉常用地质学词汇)寒武系Cambrian system (英汉常用地质学词汇)下第三纪eogene (period)下降descending (英汉常用地质学词汇)祥查detailed survey (英汉常用地质学词汇)详细勘探detailed exploration (prospecting) (英汉常用地质学词汇)相互作用coaction (英汉常用地质学词汇)新生代Kainozoic era压缩模量compression modulus压缩性土compressible soil亚层subhorizon; sub-layer (广东省勘察设计院)亚粘土clayey soil亚相subfacies (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩土工程技术规范岩土工程勘察规范岩心core (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩心记录drill record (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩性lithology淤泥质粘土soft clay原位测试in-situ measurement原生水juvenile water; connate water (英汉常用地质学词汇) 圆锥贯入试验cone penetration test (CPT) (广东省勘察设计院)圆锥贯入仪cone penetrometer (英汉土木工程辞海)云母mica早第三纪eogene (period)蒸发量evaporation discharge中等风化岩moderately weathered rock (广东省勘察设计院)中等压缩性土中软场地土株罗纪Jurassic Period柱状构造columnar structure (英汉常用地质学词汇) 柱状节理columnar jointing (英汉常用地质学词汇) 桩端持力层桩基子样钻机drill rig (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻井记录drill log (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔borehole; drill hole (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔记录borehole records (广东省勘察设计院)钻孔位置borehole location钻孔取样dill hole sampling (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔柱状图drill column (英汉常用地质学词汇)drill hole columnar section (英汉常用地质学词汇) 钻探取样试验孔subsurface sample test hole坐标系coordinate system (英汉常用地质学词汇)褐黄土brownish yellow soil。
水文学与水文地质学英文术语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地：river terrace面源：area source线源：line source点源：point source非点源：non-point source groundwater潜水groundwater artery地下水干道groundwater barrier地下水堡坝groundwater basin地下水盆地groundwater capture地下水袭夺groundwater cascade地下水小瀑布groundwater cement潜水泥groundwater dam地下水坝groundwater discharge地下水排泄groundwater divide地下分水界groundwater flow地下径流groundwater inventory地下水总量目录groundwater level地下水位groundwater mound地下水土丘groundwater province地下水区groundwater recession地下水后退groundwater recession curve地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir地下水储集groundwater runoff地下径流groundwater simulation地下模拟groundwater spring潜水泉groundwater table地下水位group群exploitable groundwater地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码station code站名station name站别station category流域名称basin name水系名称hydrometric net code河流名称river name施测项目码item code of obervation行政区划码administration division code水资源分区码code of water resources regionalization 设站年份year of station establishment设站月份month of station establishment撤站年份year of withdrawal of station撤站月份month of withdrawal of station集水面积drainage area流入何处flowing-to至河口距离distance to river mouth基准基面名称name of fiducial datum领导机关leading agency(administration agency)管理单位administration站址station location东经longitude北纬latitude测站等级grade of hydrometric station报汛等级grade of Flood-Reporting Station备注note站点码station point code站点名station point name测流方法observation method控水目的purpose of control water project控水工程类型control water project type控水工程代码code of control water project控水工程运行规则operation regulation of control water project 推流参数parameter of discharge computation引水点名Location name of pumping排水点名Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码code of lower bound station至下界站河段长length of reach to lower bound station高差基数base of difference in elevation流域水系码codes of hydrographic net of abasin调查资料来源单位office recording investigation data区码code of zone区名zone name区类zone type水体总容量total capacity of water bodies灌溉水田面积area of rice paddy irrigated灌溉面积irrigation area城市人口urban population工业总产值gross industrial output value水库和水闸控制面积drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice 调查面积investigation area量算地图比例尺scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级reliability rank of area data直接上级区名zone name of prime at first调查报告编号investigation report number地理包含关系geography contain relation站点类别station point category年year相关站码correlative station code关系标识relationship ID关系说明relationship illustration主断面迁移号migration numbers of main cross section 断面名称cross section name断面位置location of cross section变动年份changed Year变动月份changed month变动日changed day同系列标志series marker变动情况changed conditions水尺名称gage name水尺型式gage type水尺质料material of gage自记台类型type of stage recorder水尺位置location of gage使用情况use condition河段情况river reach circumsta nce图类型graph type图标题graph title图graph MIME类型MIME type水准点编号benchmark number水准点类型benchmark type变动日期date of Setup or change采用基面名称adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum 绝对基面名称name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式benchmark style水准点位置benchmark location引据水准点编号number of benchmark from which elevation is measured 变动原因cause of change工程名称engineering name工程名称代码engineering name code开始蓄水年份begin storing water year开始蓄水月份begining month of storing water校核洪水位check flood stage校核库容check storage capacity of reservoir设计洪水位design flood stage设计库容reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位normal high water level正常库容Normal reservoir storage死水位dead pool level死库容dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号spillway number竣工年份completion year竣工月份completion month溢洪道长度spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程elevation of spillway crest溢洪道堰顶宽width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of spillway 闸组号gate group number孔型type of sluice or hole孔数count of sluice or hole孔高sluice or hole height孔宽sluice or hole width设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel 翼墙型式wing wall type墩头型式type of pier head of sluice or tunnel堰顶闸底形状shape of weir crest or sluice bed设计灌溉面积design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel工程地址location of engineering控制面积control area总库容total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel 最大实引排水量maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage 仪器口径mouth diameter of rain gauge仪器精度precision of rain gauge记录模式recording mode获值模式sensing mode绝对高程elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征character of location of evaporation-gauging 仪器型式type of instrument(equipment)附近地势nearby topography四周障碍物obstacles around station起时间beginning time止时间end time时间time起始日期beginning date旬起始日期beginning date of aperiod of ten days月month日期dat e降水量precipitation降水量注解码remark code of precipitation降水日数number of precipitation days降水日数注解码remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量maximum precipitation最大降水量时段长maximum precipitation duration最大日降水量maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily precipitation 终霜日期date of frost disappearance初霜日期date of frost appearance终雪日期date of snow disappearance初雪日期date of snow appearance终冰日期date of ice disappearance初冰日期date of ice appearance蒸发器型式type of evaporation equipment水面蒸发量surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation观测高度observation height气温air temperature气温注解码remark code air temperat ure平均气温average air temperature平均气温注解码remark code of average air temperature最高气温maximum air temperature最高气温注解码remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期date of maximum air temperature最低气温minimum air temperature最低气温注解码remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期date of minimum air temperature水汽压vapour pressure水汽压注解码remark code of vapour pressure平均水汽压average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差difference of vapour pressure水汽压力差注解码remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码remark code of average vapor pressure difference 风速wind velocity风速注解码remark code of wind velocity平均风速average wind velocity平均风速注解码remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位stage in Sluice Upstream闸上水位注解码remark code of upsluice stage闸下水位down sluice stage闸下水位注解码remark code of downsluice stage坝上水位stage behind dam坝上水位注解码remark code of the stage behind dam水位stage水位注解码remark code of stage平均水位average stage平均水位注解码rema rk code of average stage最高水位maximum stage最高水位注解码remark code of maximum stage最高水位日期occurring date of maximum stage最低水位minimum stage最低水位注解码remark code of date of minimum stage最低水位日期date of minimum stage保证率reliability of stage保证率水位reliability stage保证率水位注解码remark code of reliability stage 流量discharge平均流量average discharge平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge 最大流量maximum discharge最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge 最大流量日期date of maximum discharge最小流量minimum discharge最小流量注解码remark code of minimum discharge 最小流量日期date of minimum discharge蓄水量Reservoir Storage径流量runoff径流量注解码remark code of runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流深runoff in depth最大洪量时段长duration of maximum flood volume 最大洪量maximum flood volume泥沙类型sediment type含沙量sediment concentration平均含沙量average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量sediment runoff输沙量注解码remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数sediment runoff modulus采样仪器型号model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数efficiency coefficient of sampling上限粒径upper limit particle size平均沙重百分数average percent of sediment weight中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径average particle diameter最大粒径maximum particle diameter水温water temperature水温注解码remark code of water temperature平均水温average water temperature平均水温注解码remark code of average water temperature最高水温maximum water temperature最高水温注解码remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期occurring date of maximum water temperat ure最低水温minimum water temperature最低水温注解码remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期date of minimum water temperature冰情注解码remark code of ice condition河心冰厚ice thickness at river center岸边冰厚Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深snow depth on ice岸上气温air temperature on bank解冻日期date of ice break up封冻日期ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in first half of year 下半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in second half of year 终止流冰日期end date of ice run开始流冰日期beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度maximum length of ice floe最大流冰块宽度maximum width of ice floe最大流冰块冰速maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码re mark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量日期occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量gross ice discharge in winter冬季总冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量yearly total ice discharge年总冰流量注解码remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量average ice discharge平均冰流量注解码remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量total of ice discharge总冰流量注解码remark code of total of ice discharge最大冰流量maximum ice discharge最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期date of maximum ice discharge潮别tidal type潮位tidal level潮位注解码remark code of tidal level潮差tidal range历时duration潮流量tidal discharge潮量tidal volume潮输沙率tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量tidal sediment runoff平均高潮潮位average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码remark of average high tidal level stage 最高高潮位Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range 平均落潮潮差average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码r emark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration 逐时平均潮位hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差average tide range平均潮差注解码remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时average tidal duration平均历时注解码remark code of average tidal duration施测日期beginning date of measurement测次号observation number垂线号numbers of typical verticals起点距distance from initial point河底高程river bed elevation河底高程注解码remark code of river bed elevation测时水位stage during observation测时水位注解码remark code of stage during observation垂线方位vertical azimuth断面名称及位置cross section name and location测次说明note引用施测日期date of quoted observation引用测次号number of quoted observation引用起始起点距beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距end distance from initial point岸别符号bank symbol痕迹类型trace type日day时hour分minute点编号point code点详细位置point detailed location点东经point east longitude点北纬point north latitude点高程point elevation点参数point parameter指认人及印象witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级reliability level of trace or flag 估计误差范围estimation error range调查日期investigation date起始年beginning year起始月beginning month起始日beginning day起始时beginning hour起始分beginning minute终止年end year终止月end month终止日end day终止时end hour终止分end minute雨情描述description of rainfall information重现期Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow水位可靠等级reliability level of stage推算流量方法method of discharge computation水流边界flow boundary推算流量资料可靠等级reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级reliability level of discharge computation次水量water volume of one floo d水情描述description of hydrological information流量施测号数number of discharge observation测流起时间beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间end time of flow measurement测流方法Method of flow measurement基本水尺水位base gage stage流量注解码remark code of discharge断面总面积total of cross section area断面过水面积wetted cross-section area断面面积注解码remark code of cross section area断面平均流速average flow velocity at across-section 断面最大流速maximum flow velocity at across-section 水面宽top width断面平均水深Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽ice bottom width水浸冰冰底平均水深ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深ice bottom maximum depth水面比降surface slope糙率roughness时段类别category of interval水量类别category of water quantity水量water quantity水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity年实测水量占比percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量observed water storage调查蓄水变量investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量observe drestoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量capacity of spring总进水量total inflow runoff总出水量total outflow runoff降水总量precipitation蒸散发总量total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法sampling method断面平均含沙量average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速average velocity of bed load推移带宽度width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point单断沙码code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号begin observation number终止施测号end observation number取样起时间beginning time of sampling取样止时间end time of sampling沙重百分数sediment weight percent最大颗粒重量sediment maximum particle weight最大颗粒起点距distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速mean settling velocity施测水温water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法analysis method of particle side注解码remark code沙量类别category of silt-quantity沙量silt-quantity沙量测算方法estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water跨流域引水挟沙量silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量degrada tion or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量total inflow silt-quantity总出沙量total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间beginning time of observation测次止时间end time of observation测验断面位置location of cross section冰流量ice discharge冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge断面平均疏密度average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽open water width断面平均冰花密度density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置location of cross section代表垂线平均流速average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement高潮潮位high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差flood tidal range涨潮最大流速maximum velocity of flood tide涨潮潮量flood tidal volume涨潮潮量注解码remark code of flood tidal volume涨潮潮流历时flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of flood tide 落潮潮差ebb tide range落潮最大流速maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量ebb tidal volume落潮潮量注解码remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时ebb tidal current duration落潮平均流量average discharge of ebb tide落潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of ebb tide 净泄量net outflow volume开闸时间opening gate time关闸时间closing gate time开闸前稳定水位stable stage before sluicing闸上最高水位Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位Stage in Sluice Downstream水位差stage difference有效潮差effec tive tidal range一潮总水量total water volume of single tide一潮总水量注解码remark code of total water volume of single tide 一潮历时duration of single tide一潮平均流量average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of single tide 一潮最大流量maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge of single tide 自变量名name of independent variable自变量值value of independent variable调查报告标题investigation report title调查项目investigation item调查年份investigation year编写年份redaction year调查单位investigation office主编单位Chief editorial unit调查报告内容investigation report contents调查报告格式investigation report format表标识table ID时间残缺记录编号number of time deformity record字段标识field identifier取值value率定次序号serial number of rating闸上水头head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码remark code of operation height of gate opening 闸门开启孔数count of operation gate opening闸门开启总宽total width of gate-openings平均堰宽average width of weir闸孔过水面积are aof wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量observed discharge实测流量注解码remark code of observed discharge流态flow regime流量计算公式编号formula number of discharge calculation流量系数discharge coefficient流量系数注解码remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式weir and sluice type翼墙形式wing wall type平均引水角average driving angle闸上河宽upsluice river width闸下河宽river width in sluice downstream闸门型式weir gate type闸底高程elevation of sluice bottom堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶形状shape of weir crest总孔数total number of gate openings单孔宽single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码remark code of gate opening width of weir gate 平均孔宽average of gate opening width总孔宽total width of gate opening闸门高度gate height平均开度average gate opening height闸墩厚thickness of pier机组号group number of machines站上水位upstation stage站下水位downstation stage站上水头upstation head开机功率electric power generated or consumed开机台数count of machines in operation开机叶片角度vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径impeller diameter实际转速practical speed of revo lution出水阀过水面积wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号formula number of efficiency calculation 效率值efficiency value效率值注解码remark code of efficiency value机型machine type装机台数count of machine出水管路断面面积wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速rated speed of revolution单机额定功率single rated power单机设计流量single design discharge设计扬程design lift驼峰底高hump bottom elevation起排水位begining pumping stage关系线类别relation curve category线号curve number因变量名dependent variable定线数据起时间beginning time of the data for determining arelation curve定线数据止时间end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式curve parameter expression关系图名chart name适用期起时间beginning time of application适用期止时间end time of application定线点据总数amount of points for determining arelation curve定线方法method of determining arelation curve系统误差systematic error随机不确定度random error线上采样点编号curve sample point number采样点自变量值curve sample point independent variable 采样点因变量值curve sample point dependent variable 计量单位unit name记录定位标识record location identifier原值original value改正值corrected value处理日期date of correction处理情况说明correction explanation入库标识identifier of reservoir inflow注解符号remark symbol ASCII值numeric ASCII Code注解符号类型remark symbol type注解含义meaning of remark表号table number表中文名table name in Chinese表英文名table name in English字段中文名field name in Chinese字段英文名field name in English字段类型及长度field type and field length空值属性attribute of"null"。
水文水资源专业术语中英文对照表 2009-6
地下水污染评价
groundwater pollution assessment
地下水污染物
groundwater pollutants
地下水物理模型
physical model of groundwater
地下水物理性质
physical properties of groundwater
地下水系统
groundwater system
断层泉
fault spring
断裂带水压导升高度 height of water pressure in fault
（潜越高度）
zone
断面流量
cross-sectional flow
对流弥散
convective dispersion
多孔抽水试验
multipe wells pumping test
多孔介质
地下水成矿作用
ore-forming
process
in
groundwater
地下水储存量（地下 groundwater storage
水储存资源）
地下水的 pH 值
pH Value of groundwater
地下水的碱度
alkalinity of groundwater
地下水的酸度
acidity of groundwater
地下水年龄测定
dating of groundwater
地下水排泄
groundwater discharge
地下水盆地
groundwater basin
地下水侵蚀性
Corrosiveness of groundwater
地下水人工补给
artificial recharge of groundwater
水文地质学专业英语单词汇总
专业术语中英文对照表傍河水源地 riverside source field包气带 aeration zone饱和度 degree of saturation饱和流 saturated flow饱水带 saturated zone边界井 boundary well边界条件 boundary condition边界元法 boundary element method标准曲线法（配线法） type-curve method补给区 recharge area补给疏干法 compensation-dewatering method部分排泄型泉 local drainage spring采区充水性图 geologic map of potential flooding in mining area 测压高度 piezometric head层流laminar flow常量元素 common element in groundwater （macroelement ）沉积水（埋藏水） connate water（buried water）成垢作用 boiler scaling成井工艺 well completion technology承压含水层 confined aquifer承压含水层厚度 thickness of confined aquifer承压水 confined water承压水盆地 confined water basin承压水位（头） confining water level持水度 water-holding capacity/ specific retension充水岩层 flooding layer抽水孔 pumping well抽水孔流量 discharge of a pump well抽水孔组 jumping well group抽水量历时曲线图 flow-duration curve抽水试验 pumping test初见（始）水位 initial water level初始条件 initial condition次生盐渍土 secondary salinized soil达西定律Darcy’s law大肠菌群指数 index of coliform organisms大口井 large-diameter wd1大气降水渗入补给量 precipitation infiltration rate单井出水量 yield of single well单孔抽水试验 single well pumping test弹性储存量 elastic storage淡水 fresh groundwater导水系数 transmissivity等降深线 equiodrawdown line等势线 equipotential line等水头面 equipotential surface低频电磁法 very low frequency electromagnetic method 地表疏干 surface draining地表水 surface water地表水补给 surface water recharge地方病 endemic disease地方性氟中毒 endemic fluorosis地面沉降 subsidence地面开裂 land crack地面塌陷 ground surface collapse地下肥水 nutritive groundwater地下集水建筑物 groundwater collecting structure地下径流 underground runoff地下径流模数法 modulus method of groundwater runoff 地下库容 capacity of groundwater reservoir地下卤水 underground brine地下热水 geothermal water地下疏干 underground draining地下水 groundwater地下水补给量 groundwater recharge地下水补给条件 condition of groundwater recharge地下水超采 overdevelopment of groundwater地下水成矿作用 ore-forming process in groundwater地下水储存量（地下水储存资源） groundwater storage地下水的pH值 pH Value of groundwater地下水的碱度 alkalinity of groundwater地下水的酸度 acidity of groundwater地下水的总硬度 total hardness of groundwater地下水等水头线图 map of isopiestic level of confined water地下水等水位线图 groundwater level contour map地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics地下水动态 groundwater regime地下水动态成因类型 genetic types of groundwater regime地下水动态曲线 curve of groundwater regime地下水动态要素 element of groundwater regime地下水分水岭 grot1udwater divide地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence地下水化学成分 chemical constituents of groundwater地下水化学类型 chemical type of groundwater地下水环境质量评价groundwater environmental quality assessment 地下水径流量（地下水动储量） groundwater runoff地下水径流流出量 groundwater outflow地下水径流流入量 groundwater inflow地下水均衡 groundwater balance地下水均衡场 experimental field of groundwater balance地下水均衡方程 equation of groundwater balance地下水开采量 groundwater withdrawal地下水开采资源 exploitable groundwater resources地下水可开采量（地下水允许开采量） allowable withdrawal of groundwater 2地下水库 groundwater reservoir地下水埋藏深度 buried depth of groundwater table地下水埋藏深度图 map of buried depth of groundwater地下水模型 groundwater model地下水年龄 age of groundwater地下水年龄测定 dating of groundwater地下水排泄 groundwater discharge地下水盆地 groundwater basin地下水侵蚀性 Corrosiveness of groundwater地下水人工补给 artificial recharge of groundwater地下水人工补给资源 artificial-recharged groundwater resources 地下水设计开采量 designed groundwater withdrawal地下水实际流速 actual velocity of groundwater flow地下水实际流速测定 groundwater actual velocity measurement 地下水数据库 groundwater database地下水数学模型 mathematical model of groundwater地下水水化学图 hydrogeochemical map of groundwater地下水水量模型 groundwater flow model地下水水量评价 evaluation of groundwater quantity地下水水位动态曲线图 hydrograph of groundwater level地下水水质 groundwater quality地下水水质类型 type of groundwater quality地下水水质模型 groundwater quality model地下水天然资源 natural resources of groundwater地下水同位素测定 isotope assaying of groundwater地下水位持续下降 continuously drawndown of groundwater level 地下水污染 groundwater pollution地下水污染评价 groundwater pollution assessment地下水污染物 groundwater pollutants地下水物理模型 physical model of groundwater地下水物理性质 physical properties of groundwater地下水系统 groundwater system地下水预报模型 groundwater prediction model地下水源地 groundwater source field地下水质评价 evaluation of groundwater quality地下水资源 groundwater resources.地下水资源保护 groundwater resources protection地下水资源分布图 map of groundwater resources地下水资源管理区 groundwater resources management地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resources depletion地下水资源评价方法 methods of groundwater resource evaluation地下水总矿化度 total mineralization degree of groundwater地下微咸水 weak mineralized groundwater地下咸水 middle mineralized groundwater地下盐水 salt groundwater地中渗透仪 lysimeter电导率 specific conductance电法测井 electric logging电法勘探 electrical prospecting顶板裂隙带 fissure zone of top wall顶板冒落带 caving zone of top wall定降深抽水试验 constant-drawdown pumping test定解条件 definite condition定流量边界 boundary of fixed flow /constant flow定流量抽水试验 constant-discharge pumping test定水头边界 boundary of fixed water level动水位 dynamic water level断层泉 fault spring断裂带水压导升高度（潜越高度） height of water pressure in fault zone 断面流量 cross-sectional flow对流弥散 convective dispersion多孔抽水试验 multipe wells pumping test多孔介质 porous medium二维流 two-dimensional flow放射性测井 radioactivity logging放射性水文地质图 radio hydrogeological map放射性找水法 radioactive method for groundwater search放水试验 dewatering test非饱和流 unsaturated flow非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium非均匀流 non-uniform flow非完整井 partially penetrating well非稳定流 unsteady flow非稳定流抽水试验 unsteady-flow pumping test分层抽水试验 separate interval pumping test分层止水 interval plugging分子扩散 molecular diffusion .分子扩散系数 coefficient of molecular diffusion福希海默定律 Forchheimer law辐射井 radial well腐蚀作用 corroding process负均衡 negative balance负硬度 negative hardness富水系数 water content coefficient of mine富水性 water yield property干扰抽水试验 interference-well pumping test干扰井出水量 yield from Interference wells干扰系数（涌水量减少系数） interference coefficient隔水边界 confining boundary隔水层 aquifuge隔水底板 lower confining bed隔水顶板 upper confining bed各向同性介质 isotropic medium各向异性介质 anisotropic medium给水度 specific yield供水水文地质勘查 hydrogeological investigation for water supply 供水水文地质学 water supply hydrogeology拐点法 inflected point method观测孔 observation well管井 tube well灌溉回归系数 irrigation return flow rate灌溉机井 pumping-well for irrigation灌溉系数 irrigation coefficient过水断面 water-carrying section海水入侵 sea-water intrusion3含水层 aquifer含水层储能 energy storage of aquifer含水层弹性释放 elasticity release of aquifers含水层等高线图 contour map of aquifer含水层等厚线图 aquifer impact map含水层等埋深图 isobaths map of aquifer含水层调节能力 regulation capacity of aquifer含水层自净能力 self-purification capability of aquifer含水率 moisture content化学需氧量（COD） chemical oxygen demand环境水文地质勘查 environmental hydrogeological investigation 环境水文地质图 environmental hydyogeologic map环境水文地质学 environmental hydrogeology环境自净作用 environmental self-purification恢复水位 recovering water level回灌井 injection well回灌量 quantity of water recharge回灌水源 recharge water source混合抽水试验 mixed-layer pumping test混合模拟 mixing analog混合作用 mixing hydrochemical action in groundwater激发补给量 induced recharge of groundwater极硬水 hardest water集中供水水源地 well field for concentrated water supply间歇泉 geyser简易抽水试验 simple pumping test降落漏斗 cone of depression降落漏斗法 depression cone method降落曲线 depression curve降水补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗试验 test of precipitation infiltration降水入渗系数 infiltration coefficient of precipitation接触泉 contact spring结构水（化合水） constitutional water （chemical water）结合水 bound water结晶水 crystallization water解逆问题（反演计算） solving of inverse problem解析法 analytic method解正问题（正演计算） solving of direct problem井下供水孔 water supply borehole in mines井中电视（超声成相测井） borehole television（BHTV）径流区 runoff area静止水位（天然水位） static water level （Natural water level）均衡期 balance period均衡区 balance area均匀介质 homogeneous medium均匀流 uniform flow开采模数法 evaluation method of employing groundwater extraction modulus 开采强度法 mining intensity method开采试验法 exploitation pumping test method开采性抽水试验 trail-exploitation pumping test坎儿井 karez空隙 void孔洞 pore space孔隙 pore孔隙比 pore ratio孔隙度（孔隙率） porosity（pore rate）孔隙含水层 porous aquifer孔隙介质 pore medium孔隙水 pore water库尔洛夫式 Kurllov formation矿床充水 flooding of ore deposit矿床充水水源 water source of ore deposit boding矿床充水通道 flooding passage in ore deposit矿床疏干 mine draining矿床疏干深度（疏干水平） dewatering level of mines矿床水文地质 mine hydrogeology矿床水文地质图 mine hydrogeological map矿床水文地质学 mine hydrogeology矿井水文地质调查 survey of mine hydrogeology矿井突水 water bursting in mines矿井涌水 water discharge into mine矿坑水 mine water矿坑突泥 mud gushing in mines矿坑突水量 bursting water quantity of mines矿坑涌砂 sand gushing in mines矿坑涌水量 water yield of mine矿坑正常涌水量 normal water yield of mines矿坑最大涌水量 maximum water yield of mines矿区水文地质勘查 mine hydrogeological investigation 矿泉 mineral spring雷诺数 Reynolds number连通试验 connecting test裂隙 fissure裂隙含水层 fissured aquifer裂隙介质 fissure medium裂隙率 fissure ratio裂隙水 fissure water临界深度 critical depth流量测井 flowmeter logging流量计 flowmeter流网 flow net流线 streamline滤料（填料） gravel pack滤水管（过滤器） screen pipe裸井 barefoot well毛细带 capillary zone毛细管测压水头 capillary piezometric head毛细上升高度 height of capillary rise毛细水 capillary water毛细性 capillarity弥散 dispersion弥散试验 dispersion test钠吸附比（SAR） sodium adsorption ratio拟稳定流 quasi-steady flow凝结水 condensation water凝结水补给 condensation recharge排泄区 discharge area平均布井法 method of well uniform4configuration起泡作用 forming process气体成分分析 gas analysis潜水 phreatic water /unconfined water潜水含水层厚度 thickness of water-table aquifer潜水位 water table潜水溢出量 groundwater overflow onto surface潜水蒸发量 evaporation discharge of phreatic water浅层地震勘探 shallow seismic prospecting强结合水（吸着水） strongly bound water adsorptive water 侵蚀泉 erosional spring侵蚀性二氧化碳 corrosive carbon dioxide裘布依公式 Dupuit formula区域地下水位下降漏斗 regional groundwater depression cone 区域水文地质普查 regional hydrogeological survey区域水文地质学 regional hydrogeology全排泄型泉 complete drainage spring泉 spring泉华 sinter泉流量衰减方程法 method of spring flow attenuation泉水不稳定系数 instability ratio of Spring discharge泉水流量过程曲线 hydrograph of spring discharge泉域 spring area确定性模型 deterministic model扰动土样 disturbed soil sample容积储存量 volumetric storage容水度（饱和含水率） water capacity溶洞 cave cavern溶解他固体总量 total dissolved solids溶解氧（DO） dissolved oxygen溶滤水 lixiviation water溶滤作用 lixiviation软水 soft water弱含水层 aquitard弱结合水（薄膜水） weakly bound water （film water）弱透水边界 weakly-permeable boundary三维流 three-dimensional flow上层滞水 perched water上升泉 ascending spring设汁水位降深 designed drawdown渗流场 seepage field渗流场剖分（单元划分） dissection of seepage field渗流速度 seepage velocity渗入水 infiltration water渗水试验 pit permeability test渗透 seepage渗透率 specific permeability渗透水流（渗流） seepage flow渗透系数（水力传导系数） hydraulic conductivity/ permeability 生化需氧量（BOD） biochemical oxygen demand声波测井 acoustic logging声频大地电场法 audio-frequency telluric method湿地 wet land实井 real well试验抽水 trail pumping手压井 manual-operated pumping well疏干工程排水量 discharge of dewatering excavation疏干巷道 draining tunnel疏干因数 factor of drainage数学模型法 method of mathematical model数学模型检验 verification of mathematical model数学模型识别 calibration d mathematical model数值法 numerical method水文地质勘查报告 report of hydrogeologicai investigation 水动力弥散系数 coefficient of dispersion.水分散晕 water dispersion halo水化学 hydrochemistry水解作用 hydrolytic dissociation水井布局 wafer well arrangement水均衡法 water balance method水均衡方程 equation of water balance水均衡要素 element of water balance水均衡原理 principle of water balance水力坡度 hydraulic gradient水力削减法 hydraulic cut method水流迭加原理 principle of flow superpersitiom水流折射定律 law of seepage flow refraction水圈 hydrosphere水头场 water head field水头场的拟合 fitting of water-head field水头降深场 fieId6f water head drawdown水头降深场的拟合 fitting of water head drawdown field水头损失 water head loss水位计 wellhead water-level gauge水位降深值 drawdown水文地球化学 hydrogeochemistry水文地球化学分带 hydrogeodenml zonality水文地球化学环境 hydrogeochemical environment水文地球化学作用 hydrogeochemical process水文地质比拟法 hydrogeologic analogy method水文地质参数 Hydrogeological parameters水文地质测绘 hydrogeological mapping水文地质单元 hydrogeologic unit水文地质地球物理勘探 hydrogeophysical prospecting水文地质分区 hydrogeological division水文地质概念模型 conceptual hydrogeological model水文地质勘查 hydrogeological investigation水文地质勘查成果 result of hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘查阶段 hydrogeological investigation stage水文地质勘探孔 hydrogeological exploration borehole水文地质剖面图 hydrogeological profile水文地质试验 hydrogeological test水文地质试验孔 hydrogeological test borehole水文地质条件 hydrogeological condition水文地质学 hydrogeology水文地质学原理 principles of hydrogeology5水文地质钻探 hydrogeological drilling水文水井钻机 hydrogeologic drilling rig水文物探测井 hydrogeological well logging水循环 water cycle水盐均衡 water-salt balance水样 water sample水跃值 hydraulic jump value水质标准 water quality standard水质分析 chemical analysis of water速度水头 velocity head随机模型 stochastic model泰斯公式 Theis formula探采结合孔 exploration-production well同位素水文地质学 isotopic hydrogeology透水边界 permeable boundary透水层 permeable bed透水性 permeability突水水源 source of water bursting突水系数 water bursting coefficient突水预测图 water bursting prediction map土（岩）样 soil （rock）sample土的颗粒分析 grading analysis of soil土壤改良 soil reclamation土壤水 soil water土壤盐渍化 soil salinization脱硫酸作用 desulphidation脱碳酸作用 decarbonation脱硝（氮）作用 denitration完整井 completely penetrating well微量元素 microelement温泉 thermal spring紊流 turbulent flow稳定流 steady flow稳定流抽水试验 steady-flow pumping test稳定水位 steady water level污染通道 pollution channel污染源 pollution source污水资源化 water resources from sewage renewal无压含水层 unconfined aquifer物理模型法 method of physical model细菌总数 bacterial amount下降泉 descending spring咸淡水界面 interface of salt-fresh water相关分析法（回归分析法）correlation analysis method（regression analysis method）硝化作用 nitrification斜井 inclined well虚井 real well悬浮物 suspended solids悬挂泉（季节泉） suspended spring压力传导系数 hydraulic diffusivity压力水头 pressure head雅可布公式 Jacob formula延迟给水（滞后给水） delayed drainage延迟指数 delayed index岩溶含水层 karst aquifer岩溶含水系统 karst water-bring system岩溶介质 karst medium岩溶水 karst water岩石圈 lithosphere岩石渗透性测定 permeability determination of rock盐碱土 saline allkaline soil盐渍土 salinized soil阳离子交替吸附作用cation exchange and adsorption氧化还原电位 oxidation-reduction potential样品采集 sampling遥感技术 remote sensing technology一维流 one-dimensional flow溢流泉 overflow spring影响半径 radius of influence映射法 image method硬水 hard water涌水量方程外推法（试验推断法） discharge equation extrapolation method 游离性二氧化碳 free carbon dioxide有限差分法 finite-difference method有限单元法 finite element method有效降水量 effective precipitation有效孔隙度 effective porosity元素迁移 element migration原生水（初生水） juvenile water（native water）原生盐渍土 primary salinized soil原状土样 undisturbed soil sample越流 leakage越流补给 leakage recharge越流系数 leaky coefficient越流系统 leaky system越流因数（阻越流系数） leaky factor允许水位降深 allowable drawdown蒸发浓缩作用 evaporation-concentration process正均衡 positive balance直线法 linear method重力疏干 gravity drainage重力水 gravity water注水孔 injecting well注水试验 injecting test贮存量变化量 variation of groundwater storage贮水系数（释水系数） storage coefficient专门水文地质学 applied hydrogeology专门性水文地质勘查applied hydrogeclogic investigation专门性水文地质图 special hydrogeological map自流水 artesian water综合水文地质图 synthetic hydrogeoiogical map总水头（渗流水头） total head钻孔流速测 borehole flow-velocity measurement最佳开采量 optimal yield最佳控制水位 optimal controlled water level最佳配水方案 optimal water distribution scheme7.3.2.13斜井 inclined well一般断面尺寸1.8m×2.0 m、倾角20°～40°的倾斜坑道集水工程，适用于开采坚硬岩石、埋深较大的裂隙岩溶水。
水文地质术语
水文地质术语1、绝对湿度：为某一地区某一时刻空气中水汽的含量，采用重量作单位时，以一立方米所含水汽克数(g/m3)表示；用压力作单位时，以“毫巴”[1毫巴(mbar)=102Pa]表示。
2、相对湿度（Z）：是指某一时刻空气中水汽张力（e）与同一时刻的饱和的水汽张力（E）之比。
3、露点：空气中水汽达到饱和时的温度。
4、湿度差(d)：空气在某温度下，完全饱和时的水汽张力（E）与同一时刻大气中实际存在的水汽张力(e)之差，叫湿度差或饱和差。
5、暴雨：当日降雨量>50mm或12小时降雨量>30mm的称为暴雨。
6、潮湿系数（K b）：是指一个地区的年降水量（X）与年蒸发量（Z）（水面蒸发值）之比。
7、水面蒸发：指在一个地区一定时间内地表水体表面水分的蒸发。
8、土面蒸发：指在一个地区一定时间内土壤表面水分的蒸发。
9、叶面蒸发：指在一个地区一定时间内某种植物叶面水分的蒸发，其蒸发过程叫蒸腾（蒸散）。
某些植物的年蒸腾量如下：草和栽培植物：229~544mm大阔叶树：203~305mm小树和灌木：154~203mm针叶树：102~154mm10、水系：河流沿途接纳很多支流，水量不断增加，这种干流和支流的组成系统称水系。
11、分水线（岭）：两个相邻不同水系之间的界线（也即最高点的连线）。
12、流域：分水线或分水岭所包围的区域。
13、地下水流域：地下分水岭所包围的区域。
地下分水岭往往与地表分水岭一致，特殊情况除外。
14、流量（Q）：为单位时间内，经过河流某一断面的水量，Q=V·W(m3/s)。
15、径流量（Q0）：代表在该断面以上的集水面积内，某一期间流出的水量，表示方法与流量相同。
16、径流率（M0）：单位集水面积（每平方公里）所产生的径流量，M0=Q0×103/F（L/s·km2）17、径流深度（高度）(h0)：河流在某一时间内（年、月、日）的径流总量（W0），均匀分布在测流断面以上的集水面积上所形成的水层厚度(mm)，h0= W0/F×103(mm)，因为一年=31.5×106(s)，故h0=M0F ×31.5×106/ F×103=31.5 M0(mm/a)18、径流系数(η)：在一定时间内，径流深度与同时时降水量（X）之比。
水文技术标准术语(中英)
水文技术标准术语序号中文名称英文名称1 河流及流域特征Characteristics of river and basin1.1 河流及水系River and river system1.1.1 河流river1.1.2 干流（主河）trunk river (main stream)1.1.3 支流tributary stream (branch river)1.1.4 河源river head (river source, headwater)1.1.5 河口river mouth (estuary)1.1.6 河长river length1.1.7 深泓线thalweg1.1.8 中泓线stream central line1.1.9 落差drp1.1.10 河道比降（纵坡降、坡降）river slope1.1.11 河槽（河床）stream channel1.1.12 水系（河系、河网）hydrographic net (river system)1.1.13 河网密度drainage density1.2 流域特征Characteristics of basin1.2.1 流域watershed (basin, drainage area)1.2.2 流域分水线basin divide1.2.3 流域面积（集水面积）watershed area (drainage area, catchment area)1.2.4 流域长度（流域轴长）length of basin1.2.5 流域植被率（植被度）percentage of vegetations in drainage area 1.2.6 流域湖泊率percentage of lakes in drainage area1.2.7 流域沼泽率percentage of swamps in drainage area2 水文分析计算hydrological analysis and computation2.1 水文计算hydrologic computation2.1.1 水文计算hydrological computation2.1.2 水文统计hydrological statistics2.1.3 累计频率accumulative frequency2.1.4 重现期return period2.1.5 水文频率曲线hydrological frequency curve2.1.6 设计频率design frequency2.1.7 相关分析corelation analysis2.2 暴雨rain storm2.2.1 大暴雨large rain storm2.2.2 特大暴雨extraordinary rainstorm2.2.3 降雨面积（雨区）precipitation area (rain area)2.2.4 暴雨中心rainstorm center2.2.5 暴雨强度rainstorm intensity2.2.6 暴雨历时rainstorm duration2.2.7 点雨量point precipitation (point rainfall)2.2.8 面雨量area precipitation (area rainfall)2.2.9 定点定面关系precipitation relationship between fixed point and fixed area)2.2.10 动点动面关系（暴雨中心点面关系）precipitation relationship between center point and variable area)2.2.11 暴雨时、面、深关系depth-area-duration relationship of storm (DAD)2.2.12 暴雨强度历时曲线duration curve of storm intensity2.2.13 设计暴雨design rainstorm2.2.14 设计雨型design rainfall pattern2.2.15 暴雨等雨量线图isohyet map of rainstorm2.2.16 可降水量probable precipitation2.2.17 可能最大降雨probable maximum precipitation (PMP)2.2.18 暴雨模式rainstorm model2.2.19 典型暴雨typical rainstorm2.2.20 移置暴雨transposition storm2.2.21 组合暴雨synthetic storm2.2.22 露点dewpoint2.2.23 地面露点dewpoint at earth surface2.2.24 代表性露点representative dewpoint2.2.25 可能最大露点probable maximum dewpoint2.3 产流（汇流）runoff yield (concentration of flow)2.3.1 产流runoff yield (runoff formation)2.3.2 蓄满产流runoff yield under saturated storage2.3.3 超渗产流runoff yield under excess infiltration2.3.4 下渗容量线（下渗曲线）infiltration capacity curve 2.3.5 初损initial losses2.3.6 最大初损maximum initial losses2.3.7 后损later losses2.3.8 降雨径流关系图rainfall-runoff relationship2.3.9 设计净雨量design net rainfall2.3.10 基流base flow2.3.11 汇流concentration of flow2.3.12 河槽集流（河网集流）concentration of channel flow 2.3.13 单位线（时段单位线）unithydrograph2.3.14 瞬时单位线instantaneous unithydrograph2.3.15 综合单位线synthetic unithydrograph2.3.16 概化洪水过程线simplified flood dydrograph2.4 径流runoff2.4.1 径流runoff2.4.2 地表径流surface runoff2.4.3 地下径流groundwater runoff2.4.4 径流深runoff depth2.4.5 径流模数runoff modulus2.4.6 径流系数runoff coefficient2.4.7 多年平均年径流量mean annual runoff2.4.8 设计年径流量design anuual runoff2.4.9 设计年径流量年内分配distribution of annual runoff within a year2.5 洪水flood2.5.1 设计洪水design flood2.5.2 设计洪水标准standard of design flood2.5.3 可能最大洪水probable maximum flood (PMF)2.5.4 分期设计洪水stage design flood2.5.5 施工设计洪水design flood of construction period2.5.6 坝址洪水flood at dam site2.5.7 入库洪水flood into reservoir2.5.8 溃坝洪水dambreak flood2.5.9 小流域设计洪水（小面积设计洪水）design flood of small catchment2.6 泥沙sediment2.6.1 固体径流sediment runoff2.6.2 含沙量sediment charge (sediment concentration)2.6.3 输沙量sediment runoff2.6.4 输沙率sediment discharge2.6.5 平均输沙量mean sediment runoff2.6.6 平均输沙率mean sediment discharge3 水文预报hydrological forecast3.1 水文预报hydrolgocial forecast3.1.1 预见期leading time3.1.2 短期水文预报short term hydrological forecasting3.1.3 中、长期水文预报mid and long term hydrological forecast3.1.4 降雨径流的预报rainfall runoff forecast3.1.5 洪水预报（洪水径流预报）flood forecast3.1.6 枯水预报（枯水径流预报）low flow forecast3.1.7 泥沙预报sediment forecast3.1.8 水质预报water quality forecast3.1.9 冰情预报ice regime forecast3.1.10 封冻预报freezing forecast3.1.11 解冻预报ice break forecast3.1.12 水文模型hydrological model3.1.13 确定性水文模型determinate hydrological model3.1.14 随机性水文模型（非确定性水文模型）stochastic hydrological model3.1.15 人类活动水文效应hydrological response due to human activitiesSustainable Development。
水文地质专业英语
1、Translate these words into English水文地质学hydrogeology基流Base flow大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳酸盐carbonate参数，参量越流，泄漏，渗漏地层formation节理，裂隙均质的，均匀的等势面，等水头面岩浆的数量级水力传导系数，渗透系数非稳定流蒸发蒸腾地势径流储水系数Storage coefficient导水系数Water conductivity有限差分法Finite difference method2、Translate these words into Chineseflowing well 自喷井electrolyte 电解液isotope 同位素electrical conductance 电导率thermal agitation 热骚动capillarity 毛细现象confining boundary 封闭边界solubility溶解度isotropic medium 各向同性介质piezometric head 测压管水头hydraulic gradient 水力梯度laminar flow层流recession n. 衰退；不景气；后退；凹处anisotropic medium 【电工学】各向异性介质inhomogeneous不均匀uniform flow均匀流；等流速storage coefficient 存储系数cation 阳离子critical velocity临界速度moisture content含水率3．Translate these sentences into Chinese（1）Solar energy drives the hydrological cycle, gravity and other forces also play important roles. 太阳能驱动水循环、重力和其他部队也扮演了一个重要的角色。
水文地质、工程地质常用英文词汇
水文地质、工程地质常用英文词汇1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件 engineeringgeological conditions地形地貌条件 geographicand geomorphic conditions 地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landformunit, geomorphic unit坡度 grade地形图 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully, gulley, erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvialplain三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course, fossilstreamchannel 冲积扇 alluvial fan洪积扇 diluvial fan坡积裙 talus apron分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karstland feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性 lithologic character, rockproperty岩体 rock mass岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum母岩 matrix, parent rock相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock, film软质岩 weak rock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric覆盖层 overburden交错层理 crossbedding层面 bedding plane片理 schistosity层理 bedding板理（叶理） foliation波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-formingminerals 粘土矿物 claymineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene, picrite角闪石 hornblende方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue)矿物组成 mineralcomposition 结晶质 crystalline非晶质 amorphous产状 attitude火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩 effusive rock深成岩 plutonic rock浅成岩 pypabysal rock酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock 基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasicrock岩基 rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rock stock岩流 rock flow岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆 rock lopolith岩墙 rock dike岩床 rock sill岩脉 vein dyke花岗岩 granite斑岩 porphyry玢岩 porphyrite流纹岩 rhyolite正长岩 syenite粗面岩 trachyte闪长岩 diorite安山岩 andesite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt细晶岩 aplite伟晶岩 pegmatite煌斑岩 lamprophyre辉绿岩 diabase橄榄岩 dunite黑曜岩 obsidian浮岩 pumice火山角砾岩 vulcanicbreccia火山集块岩 volcanicagglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock碎屑岩 clastic rock粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 siltyclaystone化学岩 chemical rock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartzsandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareoussiltstone 泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous砂质 arenaceous泥质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉积物 sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂质粘土 sandyclay粘质砂土 clayeysand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith(topsoil)黄土 loess红土 laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge,warp clay 冲积物（层） alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium,diluvium, diluvion 洪积的 diluvial坡积物（层） deluvium残积物（层） eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eoliandeposits湖积物（层） lakedeposits海积物（层） marinedeposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层） colluvialdeposits,colluvium 残积粘土 residualclay变质岩 metamorphic rock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble糜棱岩 mylonite混合岩 migmatite碎裂岩 cataclasite3地质构造地质构造 geologicstructure结构构造 structuraltexture大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造山运动 orogeny升降运动 verticalmovement水平运动 horizontalmovement完整性 perfection(integrity)起伏度 waviness尺寸效应 sizeeffect围压效应 confiningpressure effect产状要素 elementsofattitude产状 attitude, orientation走向 strike倾向 dip倾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皱 fold褶曲 fold单斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘 bottom wall, footwall,lower wall 断距 separation相交 intersect断层 fault正断层 normal fault逆断层 reversed fault平移断层 parallelfault层理 bedding, stratification微层理 light stratification地堑 graben地垒 horst, fault ridge断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, faultgouge 擦痕 stria, striation断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone节理 joint节理组 joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopicfissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 originaljoint次生裂隙 epigeneticjoint张裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 reliefcrack裂隙率 fracture porosity结构类型 structuralpattern岩体结构 rockmass structure岩块 block mass结构体 structural element块度 blockness结构面 structural plane软弱结构面 weakplane临空面 free face碎裂结构 cataclastictexture板状结构 platystructure薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick-laminated薄层状的 finelylaminated软弱夹层 weakintercalated layer夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层 clayey intercalation夹泥 inter-clay连通性 connectivity切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. &a.degree ofintegrality破碎 crumble胶结 cement泥化 argillization尖灭 taper-out错动 diastrophism错动层面 faultedbedding plane 断续的 intermittent破碎 crumble共轭节理 conjugatedjoint散状 loose透镜状的 lens-shapeda.岩石碎片 crag岩屑 cuttings, debris薄膜 membrane, film层理 stratification高角度 high dip angle缓倾角 low dip angle反倾 anti-dip互层 interbed v. Interbedding n.起伏的 unplanar波状起伏的 undulate,undulating 粒径 particle size构造层 tectonosphere挤压 compression均一的 homogeneous剪切错动面 shearfaulted, bedding zone切割 dissection切割的 dissected致密 close, compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 faultbreccia方解石脉 calcitevein碎块岩 clastic rock角砾 breccia岩粉 rock powder岩屑 debris, debry固结 consolidation定向排列 orientedspread构造应力 tectonicstress残余应力 residualstress4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions 水文循环 hydrologiccycle大气圈 atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surfacerunoff地下径流 subsurfacerunoff流域 valley, drainage basin流域面积 drainagearea, river basin area汇水面积 catchmentarea地下水 ground water, subsurfacewater地表水 surface water大气水 atmospheric water气态水 aqueous (vapour) water液态水 liquid water固态水 solid water上层滞水 perchedwater潜水 phreatic water承压水 confined water吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive)water介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 porewater pressure渗透压力 osmoticpressure, seepage force扬压力 uplift pressure静水压力 hydrostaticpressure外静水压力 externalhydrostatic pressure动水压力 hydrodynamicpressure渗透力 seepage pressure外水压力 externalwater pressure内水压力 internalwater pressure水力联系 hydraulicinterrelation水力折减系数 hydraulicreduction coefficient 水头损失 waterhead loss渗透途径 filtrationpath, seepage path渗透系数 penetrationcoefficient潜水位 water table level水位 water level, stage level水头 water head含水层 aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard滞水层 aquiclude透水层 permeable layer, perviouslayer不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge,impervious layer,impermeable layer,aquiclude潜水含水层 phreaticaquifer承压含水层 confinedaquifer, artesian aquifer 承压面 bearing surface潜水面 phreatic surface, watertable浸润线 phreatic curve不透水边界 imperviousboundary地下分水岭 groundwaterridge粘滞性 viscosity富水性 abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching反滤层 inverted gravel filter水锈 incrustation渗滴 seep饱和 saturation, saturated潜水位变化带 zoneof variable phreatic level 气象因素 meteorologicalfactor饱水带 zone of saturation包气带 aerationzone, zone of aeration包气带水 aerationzone water上层滞水 perchedwater孔隙水 pore water裂隙水 fissure water岩溶水 karstic water结合水 bound water, combined water吸着水 hydroscopic water薄膜水 pellicular water毛细水 capillary water重力水 gravitational water凝结水 condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition ofgroundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度 depthof groundwater occurrence压水试验 packerpermeability test抽水试验 pumpingtest5物理力学性质物理力学 physicalmechanics n.Physico-mechanicala.屈服准则 yieldcriteria米赛斯屈服准则 VonMises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking’searth pressur e theory剑桥模型 Cambridgemodel, Cam-model邓肯-张模型 Duncan-changmodel本构方程 constitutiveequation局部剪切破坏 localshear failure整体剪切破坏 generalshear failure岩体完整性指数intactnessindex of rock mass安全系数 factorof safety埋深 embedment depth试件 coupons挠度 deflection里氏震级 Richterscale设计烈度 designintensity基本烈度 basicintensity场地烈度 siteintensity地震烈度 seismicintensity, intensity scale卓越周期 predominantperiod持力层 sustained yield超载 surcharge围岩压力 surroundingrock stress附加压力 superimposedstress应力松弛 stressrelaxation应力路迳 stresspath卸荷 unload渗透率 specific permeability饱和度 degree of saturation含水量 moisture content平均粒径 meandiameter颗粒 grain, granule, particle颗粒级配 distributionof grain-size,grain composition,size distribution级配 graduation,grain-sizedistribution, gradation, grading 粒度 coarseness grainsize,granularity, lump 不均匀系数 coefficientof non-uniformity, variationcoefficient, variation factor颗粒分级 gradation,size grading孔隙水 pore water孔隙比 void ratio (ration)空隙率 air voids孔隙率 porosity裂隙率 crackity溶隙率 karstity密度 density重度 unit weight, bulk weight浮重度 buoyant unit weight折减系数 reductionfactor压力消散 dissipationof pressure抗力系数 coefficientof resistance软化系数 softeningcoefficient含水量 water content稠度 consistency塑限 plastic limit液限 liquid limit塑性指数 plasticityindex液性指数 liquidityindex流变 rheological蠕变 creep塑性 plastic脆性 brittleness(fragility)粘性 stickness刚性 rigidity弹性的 elastic粘弹性 viso-elasticity弹塑性 elasto-plasticity压缩性 compressibility均质性 homogeneity非均质性 nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity) 各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy总应力 total stress有效应力 effectivestress超孔隙水压力 excesspore pressure孔隙水压力 porewater pressure抗压强度 compressivestrength抗拉强度 tensilestrength抗剪强度 shearstrength不排水抗剪强度undrainedshear strenght 峰值抗剪强度 peakshare strength长期抗剪强度 long-termshear strength残余抗剪强度 residualshear strength负摩擦力 negativeskin friction, dragdown 摩擦角 angle of friction内摩擦角 angleof internal friction外摩擦角 angleof external friction内聚力 cohesion粘聚力 cohesion假凝聚力 pseudo-cohesion粘着力 adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线 envelope休止角 angle of repose,angle offriction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值 peak模量 modulus弹性模量 modulusof elasticity，Young’s modulus,elastic modulus压缩模量 modulusof compressibility变形模量 modulusof deformation卸荷模量 unloadingmodulus切线模量 tangentmodulus剪切模量 shearmodulus割线模量 secantmodulus旁压模量 pressurmetermodulus泊松比poisson’s ration固结 consolidation固结系数 coefficientof consolidation固结度 degree of consolidation超固结比 overconsolidation ration应变 strain压缩比 compressibility ratio压缩系数 coefficientof compressibility压缩指数 compressionindex初始曲线 virgincurve正常固结土 normallyconsolidated soil欠固结土 under-consolidatedsoil超固结土 over-consolidatedsoil被动土压力 passiveearth pressure主动土压力 activeearth pressure静止土压力 earthpressure at rest覆盖压力 overburdenpressure初始应力 initialstress地应力场 ground(geostatic)stress field 有效应力 effectivestress动应力 dynamic stress动荷载 dynamic load偏心荷载 eccentricloads循环荷载 inclinedloads地应力 ground stress, geostaticstress初始应力 initialstress应力场 stress field纵波 longitudinal wave液化势 liquefaction potential液化指数 liquefactionindex交角 angular岩石抗力系数 coefficientof rockresistance 容许承载力 allowablebearing capacity临塑压力 criticalpressure接触压力 contactpressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题 engineeringgeological problem 定性评价 qualitativeestimate定量评价 quantitativeestimate极限平衡法 limitequilibrium method不良地质现象 unfavorablegeologicalcondition 风化 weathering变形 deformation位移 displacement不均匀位移 differentialmovement相对位移 relativedisplacement沉陷 settlement山崩 avalanche, toppling崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑 creep,slide切层滑坡 insequentlandslide深层滑坡 deepslide浅层滑坡 shallowslide顺层滑坡 consequentlandslide滑动面sliding surface,sliding plane, slip surface滑动带 sliding zone滑床 slide bed滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass古滑坡 fossil landslide推移式滑坡 slumpingslide牵引式滑坡 retrogressiveslide管涌 piping, internalerosion渗漏 leakage流砂 quicksand渗流 seepage液化 liquefaction7工程勘察 engineering investigation工程地质勘察 engineeringgeologyinvestigation 岩土工程勘察 geotechnicalinvestigation工程地质条件 engineeringgeologicalcondition 工程地质评价 engineeringgeologicalevaluation 勘测 survey岩芯采取率 corerecovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation 程序（步骤） procedure勘察阶段 investigationalstage选点踏勘 reconnaissance初步设计 primarydesign初步规划 preliminaryscheme初步勘探 preliminaryprospecting初步踏勘 groundreconnaissance可行性研究阶段 feasibilitystage初步设计阶段 preliminarystage施工阶段 constructionsage踏勘 reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘 geologicalsurvey工程地质测绘 engineeringgeologicalmapping 钻探 borehole operation, boring物探 geophysical exploration洞探 exploratory adits钎探 rod sounding坑探 exploring mining槽探 trenching天然建材调查natural materialssurveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnicalinvestigationreport 鉴定 identification, appraisal鉴定书 expertise report鉴定人 identifier, surveyor校核 verification总监 chief inspector比例 proportion地形图 geographic map地貌图 geomorphological map地质图 geological map工程地质图 engineeringgeological map实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeological profile(section)构造地质图 geologicalstructure map第四纪地质图 quarternarygeological map地质详图 detailmap of geology地质柱状图 geologiccolumnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图 logsof bore hole纵剖面图 longitudinal section横剖面图 crosssection展示图 reveal detail map节理玫瑰图 roseof joints基岩等高线 bedrock contour层底等高线 contourof stratum bottom岩层界线 strataboundary岩面高程 elevationof bed rock surface坐标 coordinate分层 bed separation地质点 geological observationpoint勘探点 exploratory point (spot)勘探线 exploratory line勘探孔 exploration hole平洞 adit竖井 riser, shaft, verticalshaft探槽 exploratory trench探井 exploratory pit钻孔 borehole, drill hole机钻孔 ordinary drill hole套钻孔 sleeve drill hole管钻孔 pipe drill hole岩芯 core岩芯钻探 coredrilling回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling冲击钻探 churndrilling, percussiondrilling 钢砂钻探 shot drilling铁砂钻进 ironshot drilling跟管钻进 follow-downdrilling振动钻进 vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探 mudflush drilling金刚石钻进 diamonddrilling单动式 single acting双层 double layer空气钻探 airflush drilling钻机 drilling rig钻头 drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头 auger勺钻 spoon bit冲击钻头 percussionbit, chopping bit桶式钻头 bucketauger钻杆 drill rod套管 casing岩芯管 core barrel冲洗掖 flush fluid正循环冲洗 directcirculation反循环冲洗 reversecirculation泥浆 mud, slurry泥皮 mud cake护壁 dado止水 seal, water seal扫孔 cleaning bottom of hole钻进 drilling平硐 adit竖井 shaft钻探 drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验 compactiontest压缩试验 compressiontest固结试验 consolidationtest单轴试验 uniaxialcompression test现场剪切试验 in-situshear test单剪试验 simpleshear test直剪试验 directshear test慢剪试验 slowtest单剪试验 simpleshear test快剪试验 quicktest三轴剪切试验 triaxialshear test三轴压缩试验 triaxialcompression test 动三轴试验 dynamictriaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quicktest) 固结排水试验 consolidateddrained test(slowtest)原位测试 in-situtest现场监测 on-site(in-site)monitoring现场检测 on-site(in-site) inspection观测孔 observation borehole静力触探试验 conepenetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验 standardpenetration test十字板剪切试验 vaneshear test, vane test检层法 up-hole method, boreholemethod旁压试验 pressuremetertest动力触探试验dynamicpenetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验 pointload test岩石试验 rocktest应力解除法 stressrelief method应力恢复法 stressrecovery method套孔法 over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面 breast, driving face,heading face,tunnel face顶拱 vault底拱 invert洞室开挖 excavation超挖 overbreak风钻 pneumatic drill开挖断面excavatedsection塌落 slump细骨料混凝土 concretemade with fineaggregate细骨料 fine aggregate, fineadjustment料场 stock ground土料 earth material矿渣 cinder, mineral waterresidue, scoria, slag性能 function, performance,property, nature凝结 coagulate, congeal,congealment, coagulation 合格 qualified, on test, uptostandard初凝 initial set初凝时间 initialsettingtime终凝 final set配合比 mix proportion塌落度 slump水化热 heat of hydration,hydration heat,setting heat水灰比 water-cement ratio粉煤灰 fly ash梅花状 quincuncial pattern喷射 shotcrete浇注 pouring钢筋网 coiremesh加固 reinforce锚杆 anchored bar, rock bolt锚索 anchored cable锚紧端 anchor station锚桩 anchored peg采石场 rock quarry开挖 excavation清基 cleanup foundation明挖 open-cut爆破 explosion光面爆破 smoothblasting预裂法 presplitting10 水工概论坝址 toe of dam坝踵 heel坝段 monolith坝顶 crest坝肩 shoulders左坝肩 left dam abutment副坝 saddle dam三坝址 the third dam site标高 height mark上游水位 headwater正常库水位 normalreservoir level地下洞室 undergroundopening (tunnel) 压力隧洞 pressuretunnel无压隧洞 gravitytunnel交通洞 access tunnel灌浆洞 grouting tunnel明流洞 free-flow tunnel孔板洞 orifice tunnel排砂洞 sediment tunnel尾水洞 tailrace tunnel排水洞 drainage tunnel导流洞 diversion tunnel隧道 tunnel围岩 surrounding rock, ambientrock围岩应力 secondarystress static应力集中 stressconcentrate覆盖层 over burden冒顶 cave in, roof fall底鼓 bottom heave回弹 rebound岩爆 rock burst冻结法 freezing method超载 over break衬砌 lining围堰 cofferdam堤 dike近坝岸坡 abutments施工（收缩）缝 constructionjoint心墙 core截水墙 cutoff wall防渗墙 diaphragm wall排水井 drainage wells排水幕 drainage curtain减压井 relief wells反滤层 filter zone灌浆材料 grout水力劈裂 hydraulicfracturing帷幔线 curtain line上游围堰 upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙 concretecutoff wall截流 interim completion导水墙 channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程 servicespillway headwork 消力塘 lined plunge pool隔墙 divider walls混凝土护坦 concreteapron副厂房 auxiliary power house闸门室 gate chamber中闸室 mid gate chamber开关站 switch yard电梯井 elevator shaft尾水渠 tail race非常溢洪道 emergencyspillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥 JiangyinBridge悬索桥 suspension bridge锚碇 anchorage重力式嵌岩锚 gravitysocketed anchorage 北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩 tower墩 pier散索鞍 splay saddle猫道 footbridge主缆 main cable索股 cable strand主鞍 main saddle, tower saddle主跨 main span边跨 side span引桥 approach钢箱梁 steel box main girder埋深 embedment depth北塔墩基础 northtower base基础 foundation, footing浅基础 shallowfoundation深基础 deepfoundation联合基础 combinedfooting筏形基础 raft(mat)foundation钢模 steel form桩 pile基桩 foundationpile群桩 pile groups桩基础 pile foundation桩承台 pile cap高桩承台 high-risepile cap低桩承台 buriedpile cap摩擦桩 friction pile端承桩 end bearing pile嵌岩桩 socketed pile板桩 sheet pile旋喷桩 jet-grouted pile灌注桩 cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 drivencast-in-place pile 支护桩 soldier piles, tangentpiles刚性桩 rigid pile柔性桩 flexible pile侧向受荷桩 laterallyloaded pile轴向受荷桩 axiallyloaded pile预制桩 precastconcrete pile振动打桩 vibratorypile driving振动钻进 vibratorydrilling沉箱 caisson沉井（沉箱） (open)caisson地下连续墙 diaphragmwall, slurry wall 支撑 bracing超载 surcharge接触应力 contactpressure井点降水 well-pointdewatering桩极限承载力 ultimatebearing capacity ofpile 承载力 bearing capacity阻力 resistance桩端阻力 endresistance表面摩擦力 skinfriction粘着系数 adhesionfactor负摩擦力 negativeskin friction安全系数 factorof safety压缩层 compressed layer附加应力 additionalstress, superimposed stress 持力层 bearing layer, sustaininglayer地基土 foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力 criticalpressure剪切破坏 shearfailure地基失效 foundationfailure冲剪破坏 punchingfailure渐进破坏 progressivefailure容许荷载 allowableload极限承载力 ultimatebearing capacity沉降 settlement沉降差 differential settlement尾部倾斜 angulardistortion倾斜 tilting坑底隆起 bottomheave静止土压力 earthpressure at rest稳定数 stability number路堤 embankment地基处理 groundtreatment soil improvement 垫层 cushion加固 stabilization注浆 injection灌浆 guniting帷幕 curtain挡土墙 retaining wall锚固 anchoring喷浆 guniting锚杆 earth anchor盲沟 French drain振冲法 vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔 observation bore/hole仪器观测 instrumentation读数装置 readoutdevice传感器 transducer探头 probe压力盒 pressure cell振弦式应变计 vibratingwire strain gauge伸长计、变位计 extensionmeter板式沉降仪 foundationbase/pate测斜仪 inclinometer测压计，渗压计 piezometer垂线 plumb垂直度 plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查 reliabilitychecking监控模型 monitoringand prediction model 监测 monitoring资料 datum, data可靠性 reliability稳定性 stability安全 safety评估 evaluation, appraise评定 assessment, assess, rate评价准则 criterion灾害 hazard, calamity确定性方法论 Deterministicmethodology 应急行动计划 EAP(emergencyaction plan) 事故 accident紧急状态 emergency紧急检查 emergencyinspection灾情等级 hazardclassification灾害评价 hazardevaluation风险评估 riskassessment。
水文地质专业英语
1、Translate these words into English水文地质学hydrogeology基流Base flow大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳酸盐carbonate参数，参量越流，泄漏，渗漏地层formation节理，裂隙均质的，均匀的等势面，等水头面岩浆的数量级水力传导系数，渗透系数非稳定流蒸发蒸腾地势径流储水系数Storage coefficient导水系数Water conductivity有限差分法Finite difference method2、Translate these words into Chineseflowing well 自喷井electrolyte 电解液isotope 同位素electrical conductance 电导率thermal agitation 热骚动capillarity 毛细现象confining boundary 封闭边界solubility溶解度isotropic medium 各向同性介质piezometric head 测压管水头hydraulic gradient 水力梯度laminar flow层流recession n. 衰退；不景气；后退；凹处anisotropic medium 【电工学】各向异性介质inhomogeneous不均匀uniform flow均匀流；等流速storage coefficient 存储系数cation 阳离子critical velocity临界速度moisture content含水率3．Translate these sentences into Chinese（1）Solar energy drives the hydrological cycle, gravity and other forces also play important roles. 太阳能驱动水循环、重力和其他部队也扮演了一个重要的角色。
地质专用词汇
一、地质专用词语DAILY-USED DESCRIPIO(常用描述内容)：10.show显示：油显示及显示颜色(oil show & show color)：显示类型及气味(type of show & gas odor)：油类型(oil type)：例：Siltstone:粉砂岩（在MLREM中用SILTS）LT GY to LT BRNish GY ,Firm ,mod HD-HD, subplaty ,sandy I/P,V ARG I/P & occ Grade to very-fine sands, TR MICA & GYP, No CalC.浅灰~浅褐灰色，中硬、硬~极硬，次板状，局部细砂质，局部泥质重，少量为粉细砂级，少见云母及石膏，无钙质。
GY-DK GY,OCC BRN GY,FRM-MODHD,SL Arg I/P & occ grade to fine sands , contained BLKcarb matter, TR MICA.灰~深灰色，偶见褐灰色，中硬、硬，局部少量泥质，局部见细砂级颗粒，含黑色碳质矿物，少量云母。
Claystone(泥岩)：LT GY to LT BRNish GY, OCC LT GRNish GY, mot in PRts BLKY to subblky occ amorphous, soft , Locally sticky in part , occ frm in prc & non-calc, very SLTY in prts, TR carb in prt.浅灰~褐灰色，少见浅绿灰色，局部杂色，块~次块状，少量为不定形状，软，局部粘，少量硬，无灰质，局部含砂质及少量碳质。
SHALE(页岩)：GY-GRNish GY , occ prblish –RD, DK-RD , BLKY to subblky , Firm-mod HD, non-calc , very SLTY in prts , TR carb in PRT.灰~绿灰色，少量紫红色、暗红色，片~次片状，硬~中硬，无钙质，局部砂质重，局部见少量碳质。
水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇
水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇（勘察报告类）水文地质类孔隙水：pore water裂隙水：crevice-water；fracture water抽水试验：pumping test压水试验：water pressure testHydraulic pressure test注水试验：water injection test渗透系数：coefficient of permeability包气带：zone of aeration上层滞水：perched water潜水：phreatic water承压水：confined water含水层：aquifer地下水侵蚀性：groundwater erosion降排水工程：dewatering and drainage engineering 多孔介质：porous medium水质标准：water quality standard地下水水质：quality of the groundwater流域：valley, basin地下水 groundwater地下水流域 groundwater catchment地下水条件；地下水情况 groundwater condition地下水连通实验groundwater connectivity test地下水量枯竭 groundwater depletion地下水流量；地下水溢流 groundwater discharge地下水分水岭 groundwater divide地下水排水工程 groundwater drainage works地下水流向 groundwater flow direction地下水位 groundwater level地下水监测 groundwater monitoring地下水污染 groundwater pollution地下水水压测试groundwater pressure measurement 地下水体系 groundwater regime地下水位 groundwater table地下水位变动groundwater table fluctuation工程地质类原位测试：in-situ tests岩土工程勘察报告：geotechnical investigation report 不良地质作用：adverse geologic action 岩土参数标准值：standard value ofgeotechnical parameter土工试验：soil engineering tests现场检验：in-situ inspection现场监测：in-situ monitoring工程地质测绘：engineering geological mapping地基土：foundation soil岩土层：layer，stratum (复strata)地基承载力特征值：characteristic value ofsubgrade bearing地基变形允许值：allowable subsoil deformation地基处理：ground treatment复合地基：composite foundation承载力：bearing capacity持力层：bearing stratum桩：pile承台：pilecap钻孔灌注桩：drilled concreting piles人工挖孔桩：hand-excavated hole piles(artificial hole piles)沉管灌注桩：driven cast-in-place pile深层搅拌桩: deep mixing method预制桩：pretesting piles静压桩：static-driving pile (Jack Up Pile)高压旋喷灌注：high-pressure rotary grouting桩基础：pile foundation桩—土—承台：pile-soil-pilecap动力触探：dynamic sounding标准贯入试验：SPT (standard penetration technique) 土钉：soil Nailing地质灾害：geological hazards地裂缝：ground fissure管涌：piping泥石流：mud-rock flow滑坡：landslide指标：index (复indexes或indices)地震烈度：seismic intensity; earthquake intensity地震基本烈度：basic seismic intensity场地卓越周期：site predominant period建筑场地类型：site classification for construction 剪切波速：equivalent velocity of shear wave 静力触探：static cone penetration test 剪切波速测试：measurement of sheer-wave velocity 液化：liquefaction 地震影响：earthquake effects 地下水对混凝土无侵蚀性：the groundwater has little erosion to reinforced concrete 边坡：slope 锚固：anchoring 阶地：terrace 岩溶区：karst area 淤泥：sludge (muck) 风化：weather 冲积：alluvial (.adj.) 残积土：residual soil 填土：fill 人工杂填土：artificialmixed fills 粉土：silt. 粉砂：silty sand 细砂：fine sand 粗砂：coarse sand 砾石：gravel 卵石：cobble 漂石：block 海相粘土：marine clay 颗粒级配：grain size distribution 湿度：soil moisture 塑限：plastic limit 粘聚力：cohesion 塑性指数：plasticity index 物理力学指标：physical and mechanical indices 抗剪强度：shear strength 岩石抗压强度：comprehensive strength of rock 地基加固：ground stabilization 土壤加固：soil stabilization 挡土墙：retaining wall 胀－缩：swell-shrink 敏感性：susceptibility 膨胀灵敏度：swell sensitivity 超固结土：overconsolidated clay 翻译常用英语单词阐述：is presented; statement; be discussed 阐明：expound 涉及：deal with揭示：discover; show; exhibit 得出结论：draw a conclusion from; （或）：come to a conclusion 认为：firmly believe 建议：suggest 值：value 性质：properties, characteristics 厚度：thickness 在论文最后：at the end of the thesis 断定：conclude that--- 数量：quantity 确定：determine 拟建：a structure planning to build 证实：confirm 住宅楼：dwelling 综合办公楼：composite office building 小区：district 达到标准：come up to the standards 选择为：be chosen for 核实：make sure 统计：statistics (n) 统计数字：statistical figure 防治对策：prevention strategic measure 水量丰富：rich in water resources 组分：constituent 结果：as a consequence 引起：give rise to 地质类词汇岩浆岩：igneous rock 变质岩：metamorphic rock 沉积岩：sedimentary 白云岩：dolomite 白云质灰岩：dolomitic limestone 凝灰岩：tuff 安山岩：andesite 花岗岩：granite 玄武岩：basalt 泥岩：mudstone 硅质页岩：siliceous shale板岩：slate（岩层）走向：strike（岩层）倾角：dip angle（岩层）产状：strike-dip（区域）地质构造：tectogenesis tectonic movement 构造活动性：tectonic activity张节理：tension joint活断层：active fault地裂缝：ground fissure粘土矿物：clay mineral 路桥基勘察：墩：pier桥墩：reinforced concrete bridge piers高速公路：express highway，expressway 国道：national way 路基：roadbed路线：route路段：a section of a highway中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 14157—93水文地质术语 Hydrogeologic terminology水文地质学 hydrogeology水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology(general hydrogeology) 地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics水文地球化学 hydrogeochemistry专门水文地质学applied hydrogeology供水水文地质学water supply hydrogeology矿床水文地质学 mine hydrogeology土壤改良水文地质学 reclamation hydrogeology环境水文地质学 environmental hydrogeology同位素水文地质学 isotopic hydrogeology区域水文地质学 regional hydrogeology古水文地质学 pa1eohydrogeology水循环 water cycle水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 lithosphere包气带 aeration zone毛细带 capillary zone饱水带 saturated zone地下水动力垂直分带dynamical vertical zoning of groundwater 大气降水 atmospheric precipitation地表水 surface water土壤水 soil water空隙 void。
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七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。
吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。
情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。
是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。
乃书于纸上。
毕而卧。
凄然入梦。
乙酉年七月初七。
-----啸之记。
UDC 556 GBD 10中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 14157—93水文地质术语Hydrogeologic terminology1993-02-12 发布1993-11-01实施国家技术监督局发布目次1 主题内容与适用范围 22 引用标准 23 水文地质学原理 24 地下水动力学 95 水文地球化学 216 水文地质勘查方法 287 地下水资源评价及开发利用 378 矿床水文地质 499 环境水文地质 5410 矿水及地下热水 5811 土壤改良水文地质 60中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 14157—93水文地质术语Hydrogeologic terminology1 主题内容与适用范围本标准包括水文地质学原理、地下水动力学、水文地球化学、水文地质勘查方法、地下水资源评价及开发利用、矿床水文地质、环境水文地质、矿水及地下热水、土壤改良水文地质常用的术语。
本标准适用于水文地质的勘查、设计、成果报告、规程规范、管理、科研、教学及国际交流等方面。
2 引用标准GB 9151 钻探工程名词术语GBl2329 岩溶地质术语3 水文地质学原理3.1 水文地质学科分类3.1.1 水文地质学hydrogeology研究地下水的形成和分布、物理及化学性质、运动规律、开发利用和保护的科学。
3.1.2 水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology(general hydrogeology)研究水文地质学的基础理论和基本概念的学科。
3.1.3 地下水动力学groundwater dynamics研究地下水在岩土中运动规律的学科。
3.1.4 水文地球化学hydrogeochemistry研究地下水化学成分的形成和变化规律以及地下水地球化学作用的学科。
3.1.5 专门水文地质学applied hydrogeology为各种应用而进行的地下水调查、勘探、评价及开发利用的学科。
3.1.5.1 供水水文地质学water supply hydrogeology为各种目的供水，研究地下水的形成条件、赋存规律、勘查方法、水质、水量评价以及合理开发利用和管理的学科。
3.1.5.2 矿床水文地质学mine hydrogeology研究矿床水文地质学理论、勘探方法及开采中有关水文地质问题的学科。
3.1.5.3 土壤改良水文地质学reclamation hydrogeology研究土壤盐渍化及沼泽化等水文地质问题的学科。
3.1.5.4 环境水文地质学environmental hydrogeology研究自然环境中地下水与环境及人类活动的相互关系及其作用结果，并对地下水与环境进行保护、控制和改造的学科。
3.1.5.5 同位素水文地质学isotopic hydrogeology应用同位素方法解决水文地质问题的学科。
3.1.6 区域水文地质学regional hydrogeology研究地下水埋藏、分布、形成条件及含水层的区域性规律的学科。
3.1.7 古水文地质学pa1eohydrogeology研究地质历史时期中地下水的形成、分布和演变的学科。
3.2 自然界的水循环3.2.1 水循环water cycle地球上各种形式的水体相互转换的循环过程。
3.2.2 大气圈aerosphere包围地球表壳的气层。
3.2.3 水圈hydrosphere连续包围地球表层的水体和地壳岩石中的水的总称。
3.2.4 岩石圈lithosphere地球第一个软流层以上的部分。
3.2.4.1 包气带aeration zone地表面与地下水面之间与大气相通的，含有气体的地带。
3.2.4.2 毛细带capillary zone由于岩层毛细管力的作用，在潜水面以上形成的一个与饱水带有直接水力联系的接近饱和的地带。
3.2.4.3 饱水带saturated zone地下水面以下，岩层的空隙全部(或几乎全部)被水充满的地带。
3.2.4.4 地下水动力垂直分带dynamical vertical zoning of groundwater在岩石圈的垂直剖面上，地下水交替循环强度的分带。
自上而下可分为积极水交替带、缓慢水交替带和水交替停滞带。
3.2.5 大气降水atmospheric precipitation从大气中呈液态或固态降落的水。
3.2.6 地表水surface water地球表面的各种形式天然水的总称。
3.2.7 土壤水soil water包气带表层土壤层中的各种形式的水。
3.2.8 地下水groundwater埋藏于地表以下的各种形式的重力水。
3.3 岩石空隙类型及表示方法3.3.1 空隙void岩石中孔隙、(洞)和裂隙的总称。
3.3.2 孔隙pore一般指松散岩土颗粒间的空间。
3.3.3 裂隙fissure岩石中(一般指结晶岩、石灰岩)各种成因的裂缝。
3.3.4 孔洞pore space一般指玄武岩成岩过程中原生和次生的，直径较大的空间。
3.3.5 溶洞cave cavern岩溶作用所形成的空洞的通称。
3.3.6 孔隙度(孔隙率) porosity(Pore rate)土和岩石中所有孔隙体积与土和岩石总体积之比。
3.3.7 有效孔隙度effective porosity相互连通的孔隙体积与土或岩石总体积之比。
3.3.8 孔隙比pore ratio土和岩石的孔隙体积与土或岩石骨架的体积之比。
3.3.9 裂隙率fissure ratio一定体积或面积、宽度的裂隙岩层，裂隙体积或面积、宽度与所测岩层总体积或面积、宽度之比，分别称为体积裂隙率、面裂隙率和线裂隙率。
3.4 地下水存在形态3.4.1 结合水bound water被岩土颗粒的分子引力和静电引力吸附在颗粒表面的水。
3.4.2 强结合水(吸着水)strongly bound water (adsorptive water)紧附于岩土颗粒表面结合最牢固的一层水。
其所受吸引力可相当于一万个大气压。
3.4.3 弱结合水(薄膜水) weakly bound water(film water)结合水的外层，由于分子力而粘附在岩土颗粒上的水。
在饱水带中，能传递静水压力，静水压力大于结合水的抗剪强度时能够运移。
3.4.4 重力水gravity water岩土中在重力作用下能自由运动的地下水。
3.4.5 结构水(化合水) constitutional water(chemical water)化学结合水。
以H′和OH-离子的形式存在于矿物结晶格架某一位置上的水。
3.4.6 结晶水crystallization water结晶构造中的水，以H2O分子形式存在于矿物结晶格架固定位置上的水。
3.4.7 毛细水capillary water由于毛细管力作用，保持在岩层空隙中的地下水。
3.5 地下水成因类型3.5.1 渗入水infiltration water大气降水和地表水通过土层和岩石的空隙渗入地下形成的地下水。
3.5.2 凝结水condensation water一般指水气在浅部岩层空隙中凝结而形成的地下水。
3.5.3 沉积水(埋藏水) connate water(buried water)在沉积过程中保存在成岩沉积物空隙中的水。
3.5.4 原生水(初生水) juvenile water(native water)来自地球内部，在岩浆冷却等地质作用下形成的地下水。
3.5.5 大陆盐化潜水continental salinized phreatic water气候干旱地区因蒸发强烈，所形成的盐分聚集的潜水。
3.5.6 溶滤水1ixiviation water在降雨渗入过程中淋滤土壤和岩石中的盐分，形成与土壤成壤作用和岩石风化作用相适应的地下水。
3.6 岩石的水理性质3.6.1 容水度(饱和含水率) water capacity岩石中所能容纳的最大的水体积与岩石体积之比，以小数或百分数表示。
3.6.2 持水度water—holding capacity饱水岩石在重力释水后仍能保持的水的体积与岩石体积之比。
3.6.3 给水度specific yield饱水岩石在重力等作用下释出水的体积与岩石体积之比。
3.6.4 透水性permeability岩石允许重力水透过的能力，其定量指标是渗透系数。
3.6.5 富水性water yield property以一定降深、一定口径下的单井出水量来表征的含水层富水程度。
3.6.6 饱和度degree of saturation岩石孔隙中水的体积与孔隙体积之比，以百分数表示。
反映岩石中孔隙的充水程度。
3.6.7 饱和差(土壤饱和差) saturation deficit(soil moisture deficiency)土层或岩层的容水度与天然湿度之差。
数值上在粗颗粒及宽裂隙岩石中接近于土或岩石的给水度。
3.6.8 毛细性capillanity水通过岩土的毛细管，受毛细作用向各方向运动的性能。
3.6.9 毛细上升高度height of capillary rise水从地下水面沿岩层毛细管上升的最大高度。
3.7 含水层的类型3.7.1 含水层aquifer能导水的饱水岩层。
3.7.2 隔水层aquifuge一般指透水性极弱的岩层。
3.7.3 弱含水层aquitard弱导水的饱水岩层。
3.7.4 透水层permeable bed透水而不饱水的岩层。
3.7.5 孔隙含水层porous aquifer以孔隙为储水空间的含水层。
3.7.6 裂隙含水层fissured aquifer以裂隙为储水空间的含水层。
3.7.7 岩溶含水层karst aquifer含地下水的岩溶化岩层。
3.7.8 孔隙—裂隙含水层pore—fissure aquifer具有孔隙和裂隙的岩石所构成的含水层。
3.7.9 裂隙—岩溶含水层fissure—karst aquifer具有溶蚀裂隙和溶融孔洞的可溶性岩层所构成的含水层。
3.7.10 孔洞含水层pore space aquifer主要以玄武岩孔洞为储水空间的含水层。
3.7.11 承压含水层confined aquifer具有承压水的含水层，其上界和下界是不透水层或弱透水层。
3.7.12 无压含水层unconfined aquifer具有自由水面的含水层。
3.7.13 含水带water—bearing zone岩石中由于构造断裂、岩脉或不同岩性接触带等富水而形成的带状含水岩体。