法律英语精读课后答案lesson5

IV.答案

1. A person cannot usually be found guilty of a criminal offence unless two elements are

present: an actus reus; and mens rea.

2.If the accused is to be found guilty of a crime, his or her behavior in committing the actus

reus must have been voluntary.

3. A person who is aware or ought to have been aware that he or she has created a dangerous

situation and does nothing to prevent the relevant harm occurring, may be criminally liable. 4.Where the offence is capable in law of being committed by an omission, it can only be

committed by a person who was under a duty to act.

5.The term ‘recklessness’ plays a crucial role in determining criminal liability yet its meaning

still appears uncertain.

V. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

“犯罪”指任何违反有关禁止或强制性公法的作为或不作为行为。虽然有一部分是普通法刑法，但大多数美国刑法都是地方、州和联邦政府法律。每个州的刑法都不尽相同。不过《模范刑法典》对了解刑法责任的基本结构是一个不错的起点。

犯罪包括重罪（较严重，如谋杀或强奸）和轻罪（较轻，如小偷小魔或乱穿马路）。重罪通常指刑期在一年以上的罪行，轻罪指罪行通常在一年以内的罪行。然而，如无成文法或普通法的相关规定在先，任何行为不得构成违法。涉及跨州活动或对有联邦系统运转产生特殊影响的联邦犯罪类型近年来在数量上有所增长。