语言测试学结课论文

A general description of language testing

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1 An introduction to language testing

A language test seeks to find out what candidates can do with language, and it provides a focus for purposeful, everyday communication activities. In the past, a large numbers of examinations have encouraged a tendency to separate testing from teaching activities. Actually, both testing and teaching are so closely interrelated that it is virtually impossible to work in either field without being concerned with the other. What’s more, language testing almost never takes place in isolation. It is done for a particular purpose and in a specific context. Current research and development in language testing incorporates advances in several areas: research in language acquisition and language teaching, theoretical frameworks for describing language proficiency and language use, and measurement theory.

2 The objects and reasons of test

Generally speaking, language testing are constructed primarily as devices to reinforce learning and to motivate the student or primarily as a means of assessing the students’performance in the language. Language testing mainly emphasizes the evaluation of students’performance for the purpose of comparison or selection. Here, some descriptions in details are given. Firstly, it is generally concerned with evaluation for the purpose of enabling the teachers to increase their effectiveness by making adjustments in their teaching to enable certain group of students or individuals in the class to benefit more. Too many teachers gear their teaching towards an ill-defined average group without taking into account the abilities of those students in the class who are at either end of the scale. Just as it is necessary for a doctor first to diagnose the patient’s illness, so it is equally necessary for the teacher to diagnose the students’weaknesses and difficulties. Secondly, a well-designed test will help to locate the precise areas of difficulty encountered by the class or by the individual student. Thirdly, the test can enable the teacher to identify which parts of language programmed have been found difficult by the class. Finally, a test which sets out to measure students’ performances as fairly as possible without in any way setting traps for them can be effectively used as a valuable teaching device. Consequently, we can conclude both easily and clearly the significance of language testing.

3 An overview of test development

Test development is the entire process of creating and using a test, beginning with its initial conceptualization and designing and culminating in one or more archived tests and the results of their use. Whatever the situation might be, we usually believe that careful planning of test development process in all language testing situations is crucial. We generally organize