初三英语总复习单词、词组训练

初三总复习1（初一单词、词组训练教师版）

【复习目标】

１、熟记已学过的一整册的单词。

２、掌握初一整册的重要词组。

３、掌握不同词性的单词在句子运用中的变化。

【课前准备】

１、要求学生复习每册书最后的单词按词性分类表。

２、要求学生对学过的单词，词组进行复习归来，了解词的变化并记忆。

【知识要点】

１、根据中文意思或音标写单词，准确地拼读音标，确切地记住每一个单词的读音、意义、词性，分析句中成分。

注意一些专用名词的书写，首字母大写。(上课时，按照词性进行归类，让学生说出尽可能多的单词)

２、词形式的变化

１）名词单数变复数

(1)名词后直接加s,例如cake—cakes

(2)以ch, sh, x, s结尾的词加es,例如：watch—watches, bus—buses, dish—dishes

(3)以元音字母加y结尾的词直接加s，如：boy—boys, toy—toys,以辅音字母加y结尾的词去y变i,加es,

如：factory—factories

(4)以fe或f结尾的词变fe/f为v再加es,如：wife—wives

(5)以o结尾的词可分+es, potatoes, tomatoes +s, photos, radios

(6)不规则变化：man—men, woman-women, mouse—mice, child—children, sheep—sheep, deer-deer,

Japanese—Japanese, tooth-teeth

(7)people(人们)，clothes…为集体名词，表复数，不可作单数使用。(或参见第31讲名词)

２）动词的第三人称单数形式

一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，动词第三人称单数形式的构成方法与名词的复数构成方法基本相同。(除go 等以o结尾的动词要加es)

３）动词的现在分词形式

现在进行时中，动词要用现在分词形式，其构成方法：

(1)一般动词直接加-ing,例如：go-going, ask-asking

(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去“e”，再加-ing,例如：take-taking

(3)以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing,如：sit-sitting,

begin-beginning

４）名词的所有格

名词的所有格构成：

(1)单数名词直接加's,例如：Kate's brother

(2)以s结尾的复数名词，则加’，例如：the twins' brother

(3)不以s结尾的复数名词则加's,例如：men's room

５）代词的人称、数、格(详见第32讲)

３、词性的变化

１）名词形容词

(1)加-ese,例如：China Chinese, Japan Japanese

(2)加-ly,例如：friend friendly, love lovely

(3)加-ful,例如：care careful, help helpful

２）形容词名词

different-difference,important-importance,good-goodness,ill-illness

３）形容词副词

加ly,例：usual-usually, creful-carefully, happy-happily, easy-easily, true-truly, terrible-terribly

4)动词名词

(1) 加-er或-or,例如：drive-driver, build-builder, teach-teacher,

invent-inventor, visit-visitor, collect-collector

(2)加-ing,例如：fish-fishing, meet-meeting, surf-surfing

４、反义词

1）ask-answer,borrow-lend,buy-sell,big-small,bad-good, bring-take, bright-dark, careful-careless,cheap-dear/expensive,behind-in front of,clean-dirty,day-night,

down-up,different-same,difficult/hard-easy,find-lose,forget-remember,full-empty,

get on-get off, get up-go to bed, go-come, high-low, heavy-light, long-short, hot-cold,

helpful-helpless,late-early,large-small,many-few,much-little,more-fewer/less,

near-far, open-close, old-new, old-young, put on-take off, quick-slow, quickly-slowly, stay-leave, sit-stand, tall-short, teach-learn, thin-thick, useful-useless, white-black ２）加前缀un、dis构成的反义词

lucky-unlucky,usual-unusual,like-unlike(不像),happy-unhappy,clear-unclear,

like-dislike(不喜欢)，appear-disappear

５、同音词

no-know,wear-where,there-their,hi-high,for-four,meet-meat,I-eye,right-write,to-two-too,by-by

e/buy,aren't-aunt,sun-son,piece-peace,be-bee,hear-here,hour-our,weak-week,pair-pear ６、重要词组

sit down, in English, in Picutre 2, at school/home, look the same, look after, look at,

go to work, look like, be like, a map of China, don't worry, have a look at, put...on...,

take...off..., between...and..., take sth...to..., be full of..., a bottle of orange juice,

be in blue, write down, want a go, play football, be good at sth/doing sth, take photos,

talk with sb about sth, make the bed, read a book, have supper, borrow...from, lend...to...,

help...with, teach sb Chinese, not at all, do the cooking, on a farm, in a factory,

learn...from, make money, have/do sport, by bike, be over, on foot, tell the story, be

late for, stay in bed, get on, get off

【典型例题解析】

例1、There aren't any (土豆) in the shop.

解析：前面为there are要用复数，potato的复数形式为potatoes。

例2、The students are (数) the books.

解析：此句为现在进行时，故count需用现在分词counting。

例3、Let's fill the (空) bottle with water.

解析：“空”为empty。

例4、Children like (看) the play “Monkey King”.

解析：可以表达“看”的词有“see, look, watch, read”，但它们有其固定的搭配，如read a map/book, watch TV, watch a game,故此题为watching或to watch。

例5、Please listen to the loudspeaker________（仔细）.

解析：“仔细”可以表达为“careful”或“carefully”，“listen”为动词，需用副词来修饰，要填carefully。【选讲例题】

例6、 of the workers in that company has his own business card.

A. Some

B. Each

C. All

D. Every

解析：因为谓语动词用了“has”是单数，则只能考虑B、D，而every不能作为名词作主语使用，故此答案为B。

例7、These |ｐｚ| of green trousers are Lucy's.

A. pairs

B. pears

C. peers

D. pills