恩波英语强化班笔记

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恩波《考研英语难句突破300句》300_12

2005 Part C33. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and con veyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peo ples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.【译文】电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。

也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。

【析句】本句由两个并列句组成。

第一分句包含一个定语从句，句子的主干为television is one of the means。

第二个分句是一个倒装句，直译不符合汉语习惯，因此应该适当进行调整。

【讲词】 serve的意思比较多，可以表示“服务，服役，供职，招待，侍候，供应，适合”等。

在球类比赛中，serve有发球的意思。

The political parties in this country should seek to serve the national interest.（这个国家的政党应该致力于为国家利益服务。

）She served in the Navy for four years.（她在海军服役四年。

）serve to在英语中意为“起作用”。

His visit to China may serve to strengthen the bilateral relations between the two countries.（他的到访也许会起到加强两国关系的作用。

）34. In Europe,as elsewhere,multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.【译文】多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。

十单元英语satiation b笔记

十单元英语satiation B笔记一、主题介绍十单元的英语课程中，我们将学习有关satiation B的内容。

在这一单元中，我们将了解关于饱和度的概念，探讨相关的词汇和句子，以及学习如何在实际生活中运用这些知识。

二、概念解释1. 什么是饱和度？饱和度是指一种生理状态，当人们对某种事物或行为感到满足时，就可以说他们达到了饱和度。

在心理学和行为科学中，饱和度是指对某种感觉、需求或欲望的暂时满足。

2. 饱和度与心理健康的关系学习平衡的饮食和控制食欲对于保持健康的心理状态至关重要。

饱和度的概念可以帮助我们更好地管理自己的饮食和生活方式，提高生活质量。

三、相关词汇和句子1. 饥饿 - hunger2. 渴望 - craving3. 良好的营养 - good nutrition4. 控制食欲 - control appetite5. 克制自己 - restr本人n oneself四、实际运用1. 吃饱后要避免过度饮食 - Avoid overeating after being satiated.2. 要多吃多样化的食物，以保持良好的营养 - Eat a variety of foods to m本人nt本人n good nutrition.3. 在饭后坚持散步以提高消化效率 - Take a walk after meals to improve digestion.五、总结在本文中，我们介绍了关于十单元英语课程中的饱和度B的笔记。

通过学习饱和度的概念，并掌握相关的词汇和句子，我们可以更好地管理自己的饮食和生活方式，促进心理健康。

希望大家能够认真学习这些知识，将其运用到实际生活中，享受健康和幸福的生活。

饱和度B 的概念对于我们的生活有着重要的意义。

在日常生活中，人们往往会面临各种各样的挑战和诱惑，尤其是在饮食方面。

对于许多人来说，控制饥饿和渴望是一项不容忽视的任务。

学会控制饱和度对于维持健康的生活方式至关重要。

恩波英语学习

Unit One Web Businesshe year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer mar re recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell produ services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typic w what product they’re looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. ”Busines d to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,”says senior analyst Blane Erwin rester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only w ablished business partners who are given access to the company’s private internet.nother major shift in the model for internet commerce concerns the technology available for market il recently, Internet marketing activities have fo cused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the p r, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “pull” information directly consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly targeted customers. Most notably, the PointC work uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscrib mputer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly t mpany’s Web s ite. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies h messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology ned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flow o the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvit distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies N et purists.ut it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make mon examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneer show that a Web site selling the right kindducts with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cos mputing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. Peo king back 5 or 10 years from now many well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.人名言：ure is conquered by obeying her. 顺服自然才能征服自然。

小宝老师强化班笔记(精简版)

小宝老师的笔记~自己总结...独立性写作八大论证功能段落1. 对立观点引出功能段When it refers to......people‟s opinions are divergent on such a controversial issueThe overwhelming majority would support that.....others however take the negative attitude.2个人观点表达功能段A.From the personal perspective I prefer A rather than B as my inclination.B.To choose A or choose B is sth of a delimma to the public.Because they always confused by the seemingly positive qualities of A but neglect the genuinely profound aspects of B.3.原因概述功能段Among countless factors which directly or indirectly influence...there are several conspicuous aspects as follows.4.分析列举功能A.At the risk of something too simplistic,it seems to me that the main proposition for ...can be summarized in one saying that...B.Another eually essential/crucial factor accounting for my propensity to...is that...C.Beyond all these obvious reasons,however lies a deeper one....5.利弊分析功能段However,....serve as a double-adged sword. In other words ,the inferiorities of....conexist its superiority.6.例证功能段History, is replete with evidence to demostrate this point. A notable case in piont has an association with....in the realm of....7.趋势影响分析功能段Undoubtedly....will give rise to a multitude of positive/negative effects on...in the foreseeable future.8.结论段A .Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend,we may predict that...B.From what I have discussed above,we may safely come to the conclusion that...大众观点引出1.It is conceivable that...2.It goes without saying that...3.It …s self evident that...关联、关系1...has an association with...2...has a hearing on...3...is closely related to...主题句+拓展句123+结尾句（升华、过渡）因果解释1现象引出2原因分析3结果分析Currently ..现象..has loomed up wide public concern what amazes us most is that..具体..It is true that the trend of this is seemly on the rise in all walks of life.We may cite a variety of reasons accountingfor this.The major ones can be listed as follows.First and foremost....plays a pushing role.In st but not least...As a consequence...段落举例：Juvenile delinquencyNowadays. Juvenile delinquency has become a focal point under discussion.What amazes us most is that the forms of JD vary from stealing robbing to murdering.It is true that the trend of this is on the rise. We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this adolescent crimes. First and foremost, the mass media plays a key role .In other words,children are frequently exposed to shows and reports about crime and violence. In addition,children in China are often pampered and spoilt by their st but not least,today‟s children have to face a more tempting world than ever before.As a consequence they are prone to commit crimes论述体系(问题解决)：1.描述现状2.建议措施With the advancement of modern society....has become a social problem of public concern.Meanwhile,it has given rise to a serious of other matters.Such as A and B.So it is high time we put an immediate end to this “Pandora‟s box”.It is true that awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.As is known to all,we have figured out several efficacious steps to tackle this problem.In the first place....In the second place....In the third place....Therefore ,only in this way can we...段落举例: Income gapRecently the income gap has become a social problem of public concern.Meanwhile,it has given rise to series of other matters.Such as delinquency and violence.So it is high time we put an immediate end to this “Pandora‟s box”.It is true that awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.In the first place we should appeal to the government to improve the distribution mechanism.Making it not only transparent but also reasonable during economic development.More emphases should be plased on the underprivileged group of the society especially in these backward areas.Therefore only in this way can we build a more harmonious socirty.观点论证行论述体系(个人类话题通用)1.含义提示2.含义解析As a human being one can hardly do without....Living in the society,no one can deny that it is...that enables us to....Consequently,in this modern society where.... ....has been ragarded as a necessity for....As to what....means,my opinions/definitions are as follows.First of all.....What really counts in my mind is stly,.....段落举例: PerseveranceAs a human being one can hardly do without perseverance.Living in the society no one can deny that it is perseverance that enables us to accomplish wonders and realize dreams.Consequently in this modern society where competition is becoming increasingly fierce.Perseverance has been regarded as a necessity for a successful career.As to what perseverance means my opinion are as follows.First of all,perseverance means the determination to hold on to the end.Even in the face of difficult and dangerous situations,what really counts,in my mind is that man with perseverance firmly believes what he has chosen is right and meaningful so he is more than happy to fight for his ideal and will never ever give stly no man was born with perseverance.Only after life‟s countless challenges can he understand the genuine meaning of perseverance.独立写作论证方法(一) 举例1.Paragons,such A and B,respectively come immediately to my mind...2.While such cases are rare,they do occur occasionally. A case in point ralates to Sb in the field of...(二) 引用1. As a saying goes”.....”which is to say....2. According to a well-known scientist ....and I paraphrase ...in other words....3. ..名言..such is remark of ..Sb..,one of the best-known scientist(三) 数据调查According to the statistical result of a recent survey A and B have soared respectively by...and...In contrast C declined at an accelerating rate,and it is also the case with D.The statistical result illustrates that....(四) 反证法with A...without A...(五) 类比和对比Similarity,by the same token....(同理可证)In like manner(同样的) likewiseIn contrastOn the contraryBEGINING一.A or BWhen it refers to...people‟s opinions are divergent on such a controversial issue (AorB) It is commonly accept that...others however,like the negative attitude.In my opinion of view.I prefer A rather than B as my inclination.二.表态类.....?The discussion of this issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come to vogue during the last decade.The statement declares that.....However,I disagree with the statement, and there are several reasons and instances as follows supporting my view.三.列举式开头Nowadays...has loomed up wide public concern.What amazes us most is that....Among countless factors,which directly or indirectly influence...There are several conspicious aspects as follows. ENDING重申立场概述理由Weighing the pros and cons of..topic..I strongly commit to the notion that....no only because...but also...题库183.When it refers to the value of history,the discussion of this issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come into vogue during the last decade. The statement declares that learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present.However I disagree with the statement for the reason that mankind‟s progress is that of constantly building upon and adding to the past and existing base of knowledge and experience.The main reason is that history helps us understand ourselves.especially our weakness.In the business world,there is one saying that:”You have to know where you have been and where you are in order to know where you are going.” What‟s more,I agree with the statements that business corporations find it critical to have regular views of the past business performance.Without reservations for the reason that each corporation has to see what mistakes were made in order to avoid repeating them. Moving on to wider themes to the high-tech industries,one company has to examine the efficacy and efficiency ofdecisions made in the past to see what results were produced.Natually they learn from their past mistakes which better prepares them for the future.Let‟s begin our discussion here to a more present and practical context.It can be given a concrete example that Microsoft has regular reviews of its past sales and marketing information in the form of quarterly or annual review.Another equally essential factor why I advocate the value of history involves the realm of politics and society.No one can deny that in the international arena,one must possess a thorough knowledge of history in order to understand the current dynamics and complex relationships among countries.Meanwhile only through studing history can we grasp how things change .Obviously it is imperative for politicians to learn from the past,because the country‟s history has the greatest impact upon its current national charactor and its people and leadership.History is replete with evidence to demostrate this.A case in point has an association with the World War II –the world community learned the great lesson from World War II that there must not be another world war,thus we entered the 40 plus years of cold war.However, we should concede that despite the merits of referring to past mentioned above,overextended referring to the history will be indeed counterproductive even harmful.The harm it produces is, in my view ,both palpable and profound.For the individual,it has debasing impact on people‟s originality for the society it may promote a negative tendency toward ossification.Weighing the pros and cons of learning about the past,I strongly commit to the notion that learning about the past is critical to understand the present and charting a successful course for the future whether it be in the world of business or the world of international relations.综合性写作：READING:topic of reading main points:2~4听力核心路标词新老观点：Earlier,Traditionally,Originally,Previously,Conventionally,Before.Yet,But,However,In contrast,ContrarilyRecently,Recent study,New finding,Alternative,Now,Re-examine次序层次，紧邻原则：Firstly ,first of all ,most of all, on the one handSecondly ,moreover, furthermore,what‟s more ,on the other hand , for another,and thenThirdly ,eventually ,lastly因果关系（引出新的要点，拓展上一要点）Since ,because ,for ,for the reason that,causeTherefore ,as a result , thus , consequence , natually重要的小信号词：factor ,point ,aspect阅读转述作者：the writer,the author,the passage听力转述作者：the speaker , the lecture,the professor,the instructor,the teacher阅读动词表达：discuss,introduce,argue,conclude,suggest,recommand,propose,appeal听力动词表达:point out ,say ,tell ,put ,disagree ,disapprove ,refute ,rebut ,reject ,object to ,oppose , counter ,doubt ,question ,challenge ,cite , mention ,quote ,refer to ,suggest ,imply ,put forward ,explain ,exemplify ,illustrate ,show抽象名词：话题，命题：issue matter topic problem subject observation concern defination description原因，根据：reason basis ground cause motive motivation explaination account evidence data fact proof猜想，假设：assumption premise presumption supposition postulation guess hypothesis conjecture 观点，结论：conclusion statement point idea opinion judgement view motion theory建议，提议：advice appeal proposal plan scheme recommendation听力信息常用的抽象名词：(further/closer) studies/reseaching new finding/discoveryalternative explanation/theory counter example/evidence objection refutation comment assertion allegation remark claimOppose题型的逻辑架构：listening:reading=2:1In the lecture,the professor/instructor made several points about....On the other hand, the reading contends that....The p rofessor‟s lecture casts doubt on the reading by using a nember of pionts that are contrary to...The first point that the teacher uses to refute the reading is that...According to him...However, this is different from the reading,which states that....Moreover,countrary to the belief in the passage that....the instructor asserts that...(listening)...To be specific...Finally, the lecture points out that...This is not what reading says.The reading lists....The lecture‟s last point,casts doubt on the reading on the basis of....。

恩波教育春季班考研英语写作课堂笔记

恩波教育春季班考研英语写作课堂笔记写作练习：简单句1. 金钱不等于快乐。

2. 中国女排在奥运会上所取得的胜利对中国人民是一个巨大的鼓舞。

3. 许多左撇子不得不培养自己在一个由右撇子们所主导的世界里生活的技能。

4. 在北美定居下来的白人实际上并不是第一个来到新大陆的移民。

5. 参与太空探索的能力代表了一个国家的科技和经济发展的水平。

Money doesn’t en sure/guarantee happiness.The victory of Chinese women’s volleyball team at the Olympic Games was a great inspiration to all Chinese people.Many left-handed people have to learn to develop skills to live in a world dominated by right-handed people.White people settling down in the North America were actually not the first immigrants to the New World.The ability to take part in space exploration represents the level of a nation’s scientific and economic development.并列句1. A person stuck in an unhappy marriage faces only two options: stay married and miserable, or get divorced and, hopefully, become happy.2. In the past three decades, many countries have formulated laws and regulations to protect animals from being abused or killed, and many have set up reservation areas to protect endangered animals.3. For the rich, good education, travel, luxury and security are all readily available, while the poor attain these with great difficulty, if at all.4．The more we find out about the universe, the more confused we seem to become.复合句1. Films that involve too much violence are harmful to young people.2. Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.3. The argument that human cloning may have great medical significance is totally unacceptable.4. Whether you plan to stay for a week or for a year in a new place, you will benefit from learning about the place before you go.5. Laughter is rightly called the best medicine as it relieves not only the one who laughs, but those around him as well.写作操练（英文见讲义范文第一部分）1. 载人航天飞机神州五号的成功发射及返回既是国家荣誉的一个象征，也是先进的科技能力的标志，这对我国的经济发展无疑会产生促进作用。

英语强化课堂笔记8.26

完型课堂笔记（8.26）Indeed: 同一事物在程度上加强，或进一步解释Furthermore: 后一事物在前一事物的基础上递进2004Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23Cooperation:情感色彩Consultation 咨询，磋商情感色彩，语义Assimilation by 搭配with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in 24 toin return to做为对…的回报——情感色彩in reference to 参考（语义+ books/answers）in reply to 回复（语义+letter/question）in response to 回应（隐含因果关系）their failure（负向）to rise above their socioeconomic status25 or as a rejection （负向）of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantagedfamilies, 26 ignoringHighlight:强调，重视Discard: +具体事物（没有用的东西）the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter（children from wealthy homes）may commit crimes 27 for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative(不确定的) and are 28 to criticism. (tend to do sth)Be immune to 不受…的影响Be resistant toBe sensitive to 主语通常是人Subject: n. 被实验的对象Be ~ to 受…影响/控制Subject A to B=A be subjected to B使A受到B的控制Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 affect juvenile crime rates.Chock 抑制Reflect 反映——因果倒置For example, changes in the economy that 30 lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31In general 一般，通常On average 平均地At length 详细地；最终make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent（不满==dissatisfaction）may in 32in case 以防万一（用于从句）in short 简而言之in turn 反过来（用于因果逻辑的推导）in essence 本质上lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also（与上一段是平行关系）33 changes these years.Survive 幸存（in）Notice 主语是人Undertake承担（任务/责任）；从事于Experience==undergo 经历More（与过去）families consist of（现在时）one parent households or two working parents; 34 ,Simultaneous同步的（时间的瞬间）children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 than was common in the traditional family 36 复现structure （consist of由…组成）. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence（复现29题）on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 assessable 可评价的，可评估（数量==measurable）neglectidentify 识别，指出，确定identifiable==noticeablecauses of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol,allocation 分配——语义availability 可获得性and the growing 39 incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability(复现incidence 事件发生的几率) of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.课堂笔记翻译理解（70%——准确、完整——英语）+表达（通顺——汉语）（<30分）Sb died.Respected ideas 被认可的观点；权威的~；公认的观点语境：①词义(一词多义)②汉语表达（搭配）Biotic community生物界/群/圈Biology生物语境/搭配——翻译的基本原则Shaky evidence 不确定的~；不可靠的~；站不住脚的~If we are united, we stand如果我们联合在一起，那么我们就会成功Jump to 积极地拯救shaky evidence ——情感色彩（猜测词义）名词动词：目的：为了表达更通顺①名词是由动词改变后缀变来；或名词本身就有动词词性②名词+介词+名词（两个名词间：主谓关系（the arrival of the guest）；动宾关系:the mastery of English ）This seems a justification (justify sth: 证明…是合理的)rationalization of exploitation（剥削）, ….(2011.48)Rationalize 使…合理化代词：能还原，则还原It指代句子时：这；概括表达（这个问题/观点/想法/现象）It is +adj. +（for sb）+to do sth: (对于某人来说)做某事是怎么样的【专有名词】人名、物名、学科术语Plato 柏拉图（伯）Aristotle 亚里士多德Socrates 苏格拉底Broadway 百老汇Big Bang 大爆炸Old Continent 旧大陆Worlf 沃尔夫Run穿插storyAmidRun a company 经营Thorn刺、荆棘抽象幸福与痛苦Be+过去分词+（by+动作发出者）“被”—》主动；如果过去分词有明显的情感色彩→得到,遭到It（形式主语）+谓语+主从→先翻译主从，再翻译谓语部分→适当语序调整Conceive设想【定语从句后置】In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups集团have been increasingly successful：// groups which（这些集团）bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses .（2005-47）后置：重复先行词（连词还原为先行词）谓语动词比连词个数多1个Everyone does not like their boss who is mean(吝啬的).(定语从句和主句间隐含了逻辑关系：因果、转折、条件) …因为他们的老板吝啬Nuclear familySth is beyond the capability能力of sb. to do主干：很多生活中的问题超过大家庭解决的能力。

新东方GRE强化班笔记整理

新东方GRE强化班第一讲笔记整理主要内容：GRE写作基本情况介绍和英文写作基础，以及对Academic Writing的简要介绍。

主要强调GRE作文的特点：GRE作文不是考英语水平的，而是考察逻辑思维、分析问题的能力，考察思维深度，因而应走出大量背诵范文或者记忆网上的范文提纲的误区，注意按照GRE作文的考查重点进行有针对性的准备。

第一部分，Introduction to Analytical Writing1.Analytical Writing。

从字面上理解，Analytical Writing译为“分析性写作”。

所谓“分析”，即切分和解析。

将一个复杂对象切分成不同的方面或者部分，再分别加以分析。

GRE 作文考试既不是考语言，也不是考察回答问题的能力，而是分析问题的能力，逻辑思维的能力。

要注意意识到问题的复杂性（一般中国考生习惯将问题尽量简化，这几乎成为一种思维定势，要注意克服）。

考试分为Analyze an Issue task和Analyze an argument task。

所有题目都从question pool 中选出，且一般各大网站总结的高频题都会出现。

2.Scoring。

由两个阅卷老师阅卷。

不使用e-rator，但会使用similarity detection software。

3.analytical，logical and critical writing vs. language skills。

前者是根本。

4.split-test。

注意锻炼一下打字速度。

可从网上下载GRE作文模考软件推荐范文书籍：《北美GRE范文》。

很多其他范文书并不能体现GRE作文的考察重点。

第二部分，Analytical Writing Score Level Description（讲义29页，GRE考试评分标准）1.Sustains insightful, indepth analysis of complex ideas.观点复杂，论证深入。

强化班阅读笔记

单词：endeavor to do 努力 admitterdly 诚然 comprehensive 综合的词组：permissive parents 溺爱子女的父母，be biased for 偏向于 consider sth=take sth 以…..为例让步逻辑的跳读：although /though/even if much as/for all/despite/insipite of 尽管 rather than 而不是转折关系的精读：but（当but 不引导句子时，表示轻微并列，可以理解为and）yet hower nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding 相反的是：contrarity conversely on the contrary by contrast rather单独放句首表转折 instead unfortunately态度问题的选项一般分为一下三种：一般答案先选褒义，再选贬义，中性一般不选褒义词：postive积极的 supportive 支持的 hopeful 充满希望的 approval n.支持approving adj. optimistic 乐观的，欣赏的 consent 赞同的 permissive 许可的中性词：indifferent 漠不关心的、subjective主观的、objective客观的、impartial不偏不倚的、certain确定的（承认事实，不置可否）贬义词：skeptical，suspicious，doubtful 怀疑的（文章结尾段多个问号，作者态度一定怀疑），contemp 蔑视，biased，prejudict有偏见的，againist 歧视，indignant，furious ，upset（也有不安的意思=concerned）生气的，气愤的indignation=apprehensive 忧虑的，不安的，scornful（n.satire）=ironic(n.ironic)=sarcastic(n.sarcasm)讽刺的 mock tease 嘲笑，讽刺 trivial 微不足道的 destructive=disruptive 有破坏力的 conceited=overconfident 自负的 reserved保守的 resentful（ resentful woman 怨妇）埋怨 opposing=opposition 反对的pessimistic=negative 消极的方向词：褒义词：sensible/wise 明智的；discreet 谨慎的/prudent/cautious 精明的；shrewed/frugal 节俭的；aspiring/aggressive/ambitious 有抱负的，有进取心的；reliable/dependable（dependent是贬义的）可靠的；trustworthy/faithful/loyal （royal 皇家的）忠诚的；industrious/hardworking/painstaking 努力的，勤奋的；creative/iniative/innovative 有创造力的，独创的；dedicated/devoted 有奉献精神的；liberal（literate 识字的，literal 字面的）/open-minded/inclusive开明的，宽容的，接纳性强的；tolerant/enduring 容忍的；courageous/bold/brave勇敢的；hospitable/friendly/warm-hearted 好客的，热情的；pratical/pragmatic/realistic 务实的；sagcious 睿智的，明智的；diplomtic/flexible/resourceful 足智多谋的，灵活的，老练的；wordly （贬义的，世故的）enthusiastic/optimistic 积极的；energetic 充满活力的；punctual=time-conscious 守时的；humble/modest 谦虚的，朴素的；civilized/refined/polished（原意是打磨剖光）有文化的，有教养的；candid/upright/righteous/frank 正直的，坦率的；virtuous（virtue）/kind 善良的=benevolent （bene 词根是与好的有关）innocent 天真贬义词：Imprudent=reckless /rash/incautious/indisreet/egoistic不精明的；selfish/self-serving/self-centerd 自私的；greedy 贪婪的；gullible 易信的；exclusive=intolerant排外的；obedient顺从的；mean 形容人吝啬的，恶毒的；ignorant 无知的；conceited/prejudiced/biased 自负的；cunning 阴险的，狡诈的；vicious=evil 邪恶的；ruthless/cruel/brutal/violent残忍的；timed 怯懦的；nasty 糟糕的，令人恶心的否定前缀：in conclusive总结性的，结论的 inconclusive非结论性的im(用于发音bpm)ir resistablie 可抵抗的 irresistible 一定会发生的il 用于l开头，legal合法的，illegal非法的；un 发在形容词前，直接反义，用于动词前，翻译为反动作（cover 盖上，uncover揭开；say 说 unsay 食言）dis 用法同un（content 满足的，discontent 不满足）mis/mal （fortunel misfortunel misinterpret 误解 mismalfun 失灵）counter “反，抗”没有强烈的方向性（counterclockwise 逆时针；equivalent=counterpart 对等，对应物）anti（反） antibody 抗体；antisocial 反社会的a anonynous 匿名的；apathy 反感；abnormal 不正常的否定后缀：less -+free 没有…..的因果句：因果的连词：in case /lest（以防同 order）so/such。

Lecture 10 笔记总结

Lecture 10 笔记总结句子结构转换•为分可构结其按子句语英•句单简•句杂复•英语的简单句并不总是等同于汉语的简单句（常可译成复句）。

•汉语的单句既包括英语中的简单句，也包括英语中某些带从句的复合句。

•翻译时应做相应句式上的调整。

• E.g.•Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.•司法部门如果对此不闻不问，那就是没有尽到责任。

（转换成汉语偏正复句的假设句）•Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and co-operation.•各国社会制度不同，但不应妨碍彼此接近与相互合作。

（转换成汉语偏正复句的转折句）•With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.•由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己假想出来的。

（转换成原因状语从句）定语从句的转换•定语分句翻译应多注意其位置：汉语中定语一般在前，英语一般在后，因此翻译时应注意位置，词序，措辞以及结构上的变化。

•Mr. Murdoch, (who once described classified revenues as “rivers of gold”,) said: “Sometimes rivers dry up.”•默多克先生一度把报纸分类广告形容为“黄金之河”，但他说“有时河流也会干涸。

”(定语从句---并列的分句)•定语从句翻译同时应注意其功能：汉语中定语一般只起修饰和限定作用，而英语定语从句则作用广泛，除修饰限定作用外，还具有类似状语从句的功能，这种状语化的定语分句翻译时则应注意其意义的传达。

0620英语直播班翻译第二次课笔记

【T e x t1】I s i tt r u e t h a tt h e A m e r i c a n i n t e l l e c t u a li s r e j e c t e d a n d c o n s i d e r e do f n oa c c o u n t i nh i ss o c i e t y?I a m g o i n gt os u g g e s t t h a t i t i s n o t t r u e.F a t h e r B r u c k b e r g e r t o l d p a r t o f t h e s t o r y w h e n h e o b s e r v e d t h a t i t i s t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l s w h o h a v e r e j e c t e d A m e r i c a.B u t t h e y h a v e d o n e mo r e t h a n t h a t.T h e y h a v e g r o w n d i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h er o l eo f i n t e l l e c t u a l.I t i st h e y,n o t A me r i c a,w h oh a v eb e c o m e a n t i-i n t e l l e c t u a l.F i r s t,t h e o b j e c t o f o u r s t u d y p l e a d s f o r d e f i n i t i o n.Wh a t i s a n i n t e l l e c t u a l?46)I s h a l l d e f i n e h i m（知识分子）a s a n i n d i v i d u a l w h o h a s e l e c t e da s h i s p r i ma r y d u t y a n dp l e a s u r e i nl i f e t h e a c t i v i t y o f t h i n k i n g i n a S o c r a t i c w a y a b o u t m o r a l p r o b l e ms.【翻译】我是这样定义知识分子的（我认为知识分子应该是这样的人），他应该是选择苏格拉底的思考方式来思考道德问题，并且他还将这种思考方式作为其人生的重要职责以及快乐所在。

高二英语-强化班讲义

高二英语强化班讲义7.15Module 3 Unit 1 The world of our senses 一、重点词组重点记忆1.在视野范围内______________________2.盼望；期盼________________________3.（手）伸出________________________4.凝视______________________________5.留意；留心________________________6.报答；偿还（借款）________________7.由于…而呆住______________________8.和…相关__________________________9.有意义；讲得通____________________10.充分利用__________________________11.（使）暖和起来；热身______________12.突然______________________________ 13.取得进步____________________________14.在午饭时分__________________________15.一瞥________________________________16.和…比起来__________________________17.以…为主食__________________________18.被…吸引；对…感兴趣_________________19.那么远______________________________20.穿深色外套的大个子男子______________21.其余的乘客__________________________22.有做某事的机会______________________23.听从某人的建议______________________24.握住/抓住某人的手___________________二、重点用法重点突破【1】sense （注意正确拼写：不是sence）(1)common sense 常识(2)make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通I don’t think __________________________________ at all. 我认为你所说的一点意义都没有It _______________________________ while you can. 能省钱时就节省，这是明智的。

Toefl 强化班笔记

Toefl 强化班群号：165465020二．联系方式66:27536277toefl66@ 666666LLniuniunaoshi@ 666666Fc：86443179fc827@Mia:65178131darkwhirlwind.nos@ kuikuijie三．下载内容：Mia：185ideas 口语词汇全集66：双飞燕键盘无老师tpo破解版牛津动词短语搭配生活大爆炸Fc：李笑来185篇官方范文（打字训练）张红岩10天搞定托福作文胡敏真题群里（综合写作材料）tpo21套新托福120/yingyu///wy：galaaa网ttc美国名校讲座下载：电子复读机泛听：discovery national geography Scientific AmericanA阅读部分（六六）第一讲难点突破------五大难点一文章长度>700字3篇二academic essay词汇量多>8000 6000是基础学术词汇不做考点,只考认知公正性动物历史地理人类学文章难度:一>三>二生物历史地理三时间紧4H-4.5H1h 读20min 1p + 40min 2p1h 听30min 30min休息10min20min 说1.2 3.4 5.650min 写20min Reading Listening 30min其中:1 Reading:20min 1p 10t 700w 40min 2.3p 14t2 Listening:dialog1 lecture lecture dialog lecture lecture5 6 6 5 6 6t各30minp.s1 Dialog1 校园话题:学生-老师/ 学生-学生/学生-工作人员(宿舍管理员,图书馆管理员)3-4min2 关于听读加试:阅读加试2p 40min听力加试d l l 30min加试内容每年重复3***:每题自己点continue 不要被强行结束,自己结束3 Speaking:T 1) 主观阐述题你最。

英语强化班笔记

英语二阅读理解强化班笔记决定阅读分数的因素1、词汇专业性词汇不够（尤指经济类）claim n.索赔; stamp duty n.印花税; speculation n.投机熟词生义/多义、引申义murmur 原意是小声嘟囔，引申为抱怨=complain单词的修辞性使用（体现得比英语一多）Rome is not built in a day, nor in a year. 篡改谚语Given a girl an inch, so she can make a dress. Irony 讽刺批评女生穿得少2、语法（长难句）3、阅读习惯4、阅读陷阱基本阅读习惯1、不必逢词必读，更不要唇读（lip-reading）,指读（finger-reading）2、学会跳读、略读、查读可以跳读、略读的地方（1）专有名词集中处（2）繁琐数据集中处（3）大段引言（4）研究过程：只找结论表明结论的词：reveal; indicate; show; demonstrate; disclose; unfold;exhibit（5）机构人物简介（6）插入语（双逗号、双破折号、括号）先略过，读主干，插入语多以干扰项内容出现3、首末端精读：文章大意题、作者观点题、最佳题目题4、段首段尾精读：尤其是首段，段首表示篇章逻辑5、转折地方精读（1）让步逻辑（跳读）although; though; even if（即使）;even though; despite(+n./动名词);inspite of(+n./动名词); much as(+n./动名词);for all(+n./动名词)For all the endeavors I failed at last.（2）转折逻辑（精读）○1but; yet; however; nevertheless; nonetheless; hotwithstanding○2相反的是contrarily; conversely; on the contray; unfortunately; by contrast; rather;instead6、与题目相关的地方精读7、难题运用排除法8、顺序读文章做题态度题问题：作者对于文章；文中某个人的观点1、褒义词positive; supportive; hopeful; approval n.支持(adj. approving; v.approve)optimistic; appreciative(n. appreciation; v. appreciate); consent(赞同的，同意的);permissive(permissive parents 溺爱子女的父母)2、中性词：indifferent; subjective; objective; certain(确定的：承认事宜，不置可否);impartial(不偏不倚的); sentive (敏感的); detached（超然的）3、贬义词:skeptical=suspicious=doubtful(如果在文章结尾段出现多个问号，作者态度一定是怀疑的，不然一般很少选);contempt n.蔑视; biase( n. bias be biased for （支持）偏向于; be biased against 歧视某人); indignant=furious=upset 生气的，不安的; upset=concerned=apprehensive 忧虑的，不安的;scornful=ironic=sarcastic adj.讽刺的，(sative=irony=sarcasm n.讽刺);trivial(微不足道的); destructive=disruptive(有破坏力的);conceited=over-confident (自负的，自满的);reserved (态度上保守的；conservative 数据、观点保守，不激进);resentful adj.埋怨的（resent v.埋怨;opposing(n. opposition);pessimistic;negative表达因果总结1、表示因果的连词：并列连词（唯一表原因：for; 唯一表因此：so）;从属连词（除了for、so都是）because(前面可以有副词修饰，simply because; merely because);as; since; in that; on the ground(s) that; now that=seeing that=considering that(只能句首);in order that(+原因);in case=lest (以防+原因)2、表示因果的动词（1）导致类lead to; cause; result in; bring about; give birth to; give rise to; be blamedfor; be responsible for; be liable for; account for; invite(招致，导致);generate(使产生);incur; induce; trigger(原意是扳机，引申为导致);spell(不好的，通常跟disaster; castastrophe );entail(带来权利、利益等)（2）起因于result from(前结果后原因);derive from; arise from; be rooted in; restwith(就在于);lie in; depend on(be dependent on); rely on (be reliant on) （3）和…有关系be linked to; be related to; be relevant to; be associated with; becorrelated with; be connected（4）把…归因于attribute A to B(前果后因); aascribe A to B; owe A to B ;put A down toB(把A归因到B); so (such)…that(如此…以致于；原因在中间，结果在后面); A attributed to B (to+原因);influence (vt./n. 对…有影响); A influenceB= A exert(exercise) great influence on B(A对B产生了巨大的影响)3、表示因果的名词correlation; association4、表示因果的介词for; because of; as a result of=owing to=due to=thanks to(多亏，有可能正话反说且经常使用); in response to; on accout of; by virtue of; in light of; in view of(鉴于); given(鉴于，因为；即使，尽管)5、表示因果的副词；因此therefore; consequently; as a consequence; as a result; thus; hence; in that case; in turn (相应的，做了某事相应的结果；注意和in return 作为回报区分);accordingly; subsequently(随后地)；conveivably (可想而知的);naturally; not surprisingly阅读解题技巧1、先看题目，关键词定位2、细节题的重点是理解句子含义，重结构，轻单词3、引申题一般考虑文章中的句子产生的后果、效果或原因4、态度题的关键是方向次，中主线，轻细节5、一般段落内出题，很少跨段出题，干扰项出现在其他段落并列、递进表达方式总结1、and; or(选择性并列) 最有可能出现答案2、除…之外as well as(位于句首时相当于and)；apart from=other than=in addition to +sth.; besides=aside from=save(区分○1句首save sth. ○2位于句末本身又存在谓语)；except=except for(这两者的区别仅限于在单选中，两者都是不包含的“除了”，但是except前后是平行关系，而except for前后是包含关系)=with the exception of=excluding3、另外、并且：前后会有答案In addition=furthermore=moreover=what’s more(另外)=what’s better(更好的是)=what’s worse( worseily 更糟糕的是)=besides（后面是逗号）。

恩波《考研英语难句突破300句》300_31

2001 Passage 310. Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.【译文】遗憾的是，这一计划结果只是获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如事实有误，拼写和语法错误，另外还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。

【析句】本句主语是this project，谓语是has turned out to be，findings为宾语，mostly low-level是宾语的定语修饰成分，about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语的补语成分。

combined with lots of…really want是过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中about what in the world those readers really want是puzzlement的定语。

注意lots of head scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want这一部分并不包含在findings里面，low-level findings和puzzlement是并列的关系，它们都是这次调查的结果。

【讲词】 factual意为“事实的；属于事实的；真实的”。

head-scratching意为“挠头的”，即让人感到麻烦的。

11. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.【译文】换言之，在新闻采编室的文化中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式，它为纷繁复杂的新闻报道提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的故事叙述结构。

恩波英语6级讲座(一)

• 最常见的名词后缀 • -an, ant, ar, ary, er, ician, ist, ite, or,
ory, ics, ilogy • -acity, acy, al, ence, ance, ency, ancy, ion, ment, ism, mony, ness, or, sis, tude, ty, ure, y • Capacity, fallacy ,refusal, denial, acceptance, monument, matrimony, coldness, longitude, analysis, novelty, pressure, victory
• air ball base bear bow calf capital cause
date dear down ear even fair fast fine hail iron lay mean mine peer pen pupil rear scale stable till well yard
长得像的单词举例
• adapt adopt adept • considerate considerable • complement compliment • boast coast toast roast • confirm conform • contact contract contrast • extensive intensive
词形曲解记忆法
• arrest ascertain bias campus dragon island
onus purchase rain drain accompany attorney delegate chauffeur budget finance ghetto hepatitis vehement

1.课堂笔记高三英语mu恩博

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关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微信公众号：闪电网络，免费更新
关注微公众号：闪电网络，免费更新